2025中考英语备考专题10 阅读理解之说明文(北京中考真题+名校模拟)

这是一份2025中考英语备考专题10 阅读理解之说明文(北京中考真题+名校模拟)
An experiment was carried ut in 2022 t find ut what might influence way finding ability. Researchers develped an nline game in which players travel by bat t find where a lt f checkpints lie. The game asked players t prvide basic backgrund infrmatin , and nearly fur millin peple wrldwide did s. Thrugh the game, the researchers were able t judge navigatinal (辨识方向的) ability by lking at hw far each persn traveled t reach all the cheek pints. Then they cmpared players’ perfrmance with their backgrund infrmatin.
The researchers fund that Nrthern Eurpeans seemed t be better navigatins, perhaps because they lve rienteering (定向越野), a sprt which invlves crss- cuntry running and navigatin. And thse frm cities with mre disrganized street netwrks (网状系统) did better than thse frm cities with rderly nes. Perhaps peple f planned cities dn’t need t build cmplex (复杂的) maps in their minds.
Research results like these suggest that peple’s life experience decides hw well they find their way. In fact, experience may even explain a ppular belief that men are mre likely t perfrm better than wmen. It turns ut that this difference is mre a questin f culture and experience than f in brn ability. Nrthern Eurpeans, fr example, shw almst n gender (性别) difference in navigatin. Hwever, men d much better than wmen in places where wmen face cultural limits n explring their envirnment n their wn.
That finding is als supprted by studies n the Tsimane, a cmmunity living in a frest in Suth America. Researchers put GPS units n 305 Tsimane peple t check their daily mvements ver a three-day perid, and fund n difference between men and wmen in navigatinal ability. Even children perfrmed very well—a result, researchers think, f grwing up in an envirnment that encurages children t explre the frest.
1．Why was an experiment carried ut in 2022?
A．T develp an nline way finding game.
B．T imprve the players’ way finding ability.
C．T pick ut peple wh are weak in way finding.
D．T find ut why peple are different in way finding ability.
2．Accrding t the passage, wh is prbably the best at finding their way?
A．A wman wh ften explres nature.
B．A girl wh studies Suth American culture.
C．A man wh runs n a sprts grund every mrning.
D．A by wh lives in a city with an rderly street netwrk.
3．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Gd navigatrs are mstly made, nt brn.
B．Navigatin skills differ between the genders.
C．Navigatin skills are passed dwn, never lst.
D．Gd navigatrs bring develpments in technlgy.
（2023·北京·中考真题）When cnsidering the kind f experience that makes life better, mst peple first think that happiness depends n experiencing pleasure: gd fd, gd jbs, all the cmfrts that mney can buy. If we culdn’t have these, we might as well sit in frnt f the televisin n a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an imprtant part f the quality f life, but by itself it desn’t bring happiness. When peple think further abut what makes a wrthy life, they tend (倾向于) t mve beynd pleasant memries and begin t remember ther events, ther experiences that verlap (有重叠) pleasurable nes but fall int a grup with a separate name: enjyment. Enjyable events take place when peple have nt nly satisfied a need r met sme earlier expectatin, but als achieved smething unexpected.
Enjyment is characterized by a sense f curisity, f achievement. Playing a tennis game that imprves ne’s ability is enjyable, as is reading a bk that shws things in a new light, as is having a cnversatin that leads us t express ideas we didn’t knw we had. Nne f these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back n them afterwards, we wuld say, “That really was fun” and wish they wuld happen again. After an enjyable event we knw that we have changed, and grwn.
Experiences that give pleasure can als give enjyment, but the tw feelings are quite different. Fr example, everybdy takes pleasure in eating. Hwever, t enjys fd is mre difficult — yu have t pay enugh attentin t a meal, s as t sense and tell its varius tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure withut any psychic energy, while enjyment happens nly as a result f full attentin. A persn can feel pleasure withut any effrt, as lng as certain parts in his brain are stimulated (刺激). But it’s impssible t enjy a tennis game r a bk withut full attentin. It’s fr this reasn that pleasure des nt last lng, nr des it make us grw. Grwth requires full attentin t gals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Withut enjyment, life will g n, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily n luck and the external (外部的) envirnment. T achieve persnal cntrl ver the quality f experience, hwever, we need t learn hw t build enjyment int what happens day in, day ut.
4．Yu will mst prbably experience enjyment when yu ________.
A．buy expensive shesB．rder a delicius meal
C．talk with friends fr new ideasD．sit quietly in frnt f a televisin
5．What d yu knw abut pleasure and enjyment frm the passage?
A．Enjyment grws ut f pleasure.
B．Pleasure and enjyment cme hand in hand.
C．Pleasurable experiences are part f enjyable nes.
D．Sme experiences prvide bth pleasure and enjyment.
6．The wrds “psychic energy” in Paragraph 4 are clsest in meaning t ________.
A．attentinB．interestC．abilityD．knwledge
7．The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．feeling pleasure stps peple frm achieving grwth
B．feeling enjyment cmes with achieving grwth
C．a wrthy life depends n luck and envirnment
D．pleasure is the key t a happy and wrthy life
（2023·北京·中考真题）D yu knw that ver 1/3 f all fd prduced in the wrld ges t waste? Accrding t the United Natins (UN), every year arund the wrld, abut ne billin (十亿) tns f fd is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly ne billin peple wh g hungry. Simply 1/4 f the fd wasted is enugh t keep them ut f hunger. In additin, the wasted fd prduces ver three billin tns f carbn dixide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we d t slve this fd waste prblem?
One effective slutin is balancing fd prductin with demand (需求). In htels and ther similar places, special instruments shuld be used s that cking specialists just prepare and ck fd as it is rdered.
Anther effective slutin is starting prgrams t reduce (减少) fd waste. Stres and buyers can try their best t be creative in fd waste reductin. Fr example, stres can prvide custmers with instructins telling them hw t make full use f fd. Buyers can try nt fixing their eyes nly n fd f the best quality (质量). Smetimes, the fd f nn-tp quality is als gd enugh t eat, r can be bught and then used t make delicius dishes.
One f the hardest slutins t achieve is fr each and every ne t buy and prepare fd with a plan f their wn s that less fd is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use f meal plans in preparing fd can play an imprtant rle in ending fd waste in the family.
Fd recycling is ne f the knwn slutins. Effrts are nw already in prgress. Fd that is nt safe fr humans t eat is recycled int ther prducts such as animal feeds and clthing. Yet, there is still a lng way t g and much fr imprvement in this area.
In a wrd, fd waste has been ne f the biggest prblems in the wrld that have influenced us greatly. Many slutins have been fund and many mre are yet t be wrked ut. If each f us can put in mre effrts, fd waste is sure t be reduced fr the gd f ur future.
8．Accrding t the passage, what is a pssible result f fd waste?
A．The prblem f wrldwide hunger.B．A big increase in fd prductin.
C．The speed-up f climate change.D．A sudden drp in ppulatin.
9．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Fd recycling has been hugely successful.B．Buyers shuld give up nn-tp quality fd.
C．Stres shuld train peple t make delicius dishes.D．Meal plans in the family are hard t put int practice.
10．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Benefits f reducing fd waste.B．Slutins t the fd waste prblem.
C．The imprtance f fighting fd waste.D．The attitude t the fd waste prblem.
（2024·北京东城·二模）Why d peple fall fr bad infrmatin? Scientists are trying t find that ut. They are als trying t find ut what we can d abut it.
Peple n scial media smetimes share questinable claims (言论). Maybe they think the claim is surprising r interesting. But hw the claim is presented can influence hw many peple believe it.
Peple are likely t think that vide is the mst believable, nted S. Shyam Sundar. He wrks at Pennsylvania State University. Sundar and his team shwed fake (假的) news stries t 180 peple. One fake stry claimed plastic was used t make rice. One versin (版本) f the rice stry was sent as text nly. One versin was a sund recrding. The third had a vide. It shwed a man feeding plastic sheets int a machine. The tested peple graded the vide stry as the mst believable.
“Seeing is believing. Peple are mre likely t accept misinfrmatin when they see smething in a vide,” Sundar said. That’s especially true with the rise f deepfake technlgies, which create fake but visually (视觉上) believable vides.
Anther big prblem with fake news is hw easily it gets int ur brains. We ften find claims believable that g alng with the values we hld. Sme peple are unlikely t questin things that fit with what they already believe. Why? Because ur values can influence hw we prcess infrmatin.
S hw can we slw the spread f fake news? It might just require getting peple t stp and think. Tw scientists, Grdn Pennyck and David Rand, wrked tgether n a study. They shwed bth real news headlines and fake nes t 3,500 peple. They tested these peple’s analytical reasning (分析推理). Peple wh scred higher n the analytical tests were less likely t mistake fake news headlines as being crrect. In ther wrds, lazy thinking helps drive smene’s acceptance f fake news.
When we recgnize smething untrue, we shuld debunk (揭穿) it. Researchers have sme tips:
·Check the infrmatin frm trustwrthy surces (来源). Lk at different surces t see if they agree.
·Once yu crrect misinfrmatin with a true fact, explain why the misinfrmatin is wrng.
·Speak up as sn as pssible when yu see misinfrmatin being shared n scial media.
Nt paying attentin can help fake news spread. Frtunately, there’s a simple slutin—stp shutting ff ur brains s much. By thinking carefully and sharing real infrmatin, we can help everyne stay infrmed with facts.
11．The purpse f Sundar and his team’s study is t find ut ________.
A．what ways can be used t spread news
B．hw fake news spreads thrugh different media
C．what kind f peple are likely t believe fake news
D．hw the presentatin f news influences its believability
12．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Peple are likely t believe infrmatin that matches their values.
B．Debunking bad infrmatin depends heavily n technlgy.
C．The brain has a weak ability t recgnize misinfrmatin.
D．Lazy thinkers ften slw dwn the spread f fake news.
13．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The causes f fake news and its bad influences.
B．The spread f fake news and peple’s cmplaints abut it.
C．The reasns fr believing fake news and ways t deal with it.
D．The prblems caused by fake news and the necessity t recgnize it.
（2024·北京丰台·二模）
Are yu aviding pain r living with purpse?
There are tw paths we can take in any given situatin: ne is the path f aviding pain in the mment, and the ther is the mre difficult path f delaying (推迟) pleasure fr a bigger purpse.
Sme peple dn’t see the value in having patience during difficult times r wrking tward a gal; they want t lse the weight nw and wuld rather buy the latest, greatest cell phne than save fr retirement (退休). We ften make ur life chices accrding t hw we can avid pain in the mment and, in ding s, fail t see that the path f delayed gratificatin (满足) is smetimes where the real slutins t ur prblems lie.
Studies shw that delayed gratificatin is ne f the mst effective persnal qualities f successful peple. Peple wh learn hw t manage their need t be satisfied in the mment thrive (蓬勃发展) mre in their careers, relatinships and health than peple wh give in t it.
A well-knwn study cnducted at Stanfrd University in the 1960s explains a lt abut why it’s beneficial t delay gratificatin. In the study, children were placed in a rm with ne marshmallw n a plate. The lead researcher gave the children an easy instructin: Yu can eat the marshmallw nw, r wait 15 minutes and receive tw marshmallws. The researchers fund that the children wh were able t wait fr the secnd marshmallw withut eating the first ne scred higher n standardized tests, had better health, and were less likely t have behavir prblems.
Cnsider the results f this study, and think abut yurself and yur actins. Are yu able t wait fr things yu really want, even if it invlves giving up pleasure and satisfactin nw? D yu make decisins based n yur life purpse r n what feels gd nw? D yu smetimes give up t sn? Can yu think f a time when yu successfully cmpleted a difficult task? Hw did it make yu feel abut yurself? What were the results f waiting?
Delaying gratificatin isn’t a new cncept. Back in 300 B．C．, Aristtle saw that the reasn why s many peple were unhappy was that they cnfused pleasure fr true happiness.
True happiness, accrding t Aristtle, is abut develping habits and surrunding yurself with peple wh grw yur sul (灵魂). This allws yu t mve tward yur greatest natural ability. True happiness needs delaying pleasure, and putting in the time, discipline and patience required t achieve a gal instead f feeling gd nw.
A life f purpse, aligned (保持一致) with the seeking f true happiness, creates real jy. It keeps yur happiness meter pretty steady (稳定的) thrughut yur life. S, which path wuld yu like t take?
14．Peple wh delay gratificatin will prbably ________.
A．avid pain and give up in the mment
B．wrk hard patiently fr a bigger gal
C．fail t see where the real slutins t their prblems lie
D．succeed easily in their careers, relatinships and health
15．Why des the writer mentin the well-knwn study in Paragraph 5?
A．T shw children’s different chices.
B．T tell readers the study was very scientific.
C．T prve the value f putting ff gratificatin.
D．T explain why sme children were mre successful.
16．The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．a purpseful life can bring us real jy
B．pleasure helps us t make crrect decisins
C．pleasure plays a key rle in a life f purpse
D．true happiness is abut aviding pain in the mment
17．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T encurage us t delay pleasure fr a bigger purpse.
B．T explain the meanings f pleasure and true happiness.
C．T cmpare tw different paths t a life f purpse.
D．T discuss the gd effects f delayed gratificatin.
（2024·北京丰台·二模）Peple wh have plenty f psitive (积极的) thughts and emtins in their everyday lives tend t be happier, healthier, and get alng better with thers. Building habits that encurage yu t think and feel mre psitive can help yu be mre satisfied and have fewer unwanted feelings. This is especially imprtant if yu’re already dealing with a lt f negative emtins like fear, sadness, anger, frustratin, r stress. Everyne has negative thughts and feelings smetimes, but try t lk n the bright side as much as yu can.
Ntice and name any psitive emtins yu feel during the day. Track (追踪) them in a list t be mre aware f psitive feelings yu experience and situatins r activities that cause them. Fr example, yu might feel prud when yu answer a questin right, jyful when yur dg r cat des smething funny.
At the end f each day, try t find at least 3 gd things that happened t yu. This trains yu t ntice psitive things and stimulates yu t d mre things that cause psitive emtins.
Pick a psitive emtin and make it strnger. Let’s say yu chse cnfidence. What helps yu feel cnfident? Hw can yu get mre f that feeling? Yu might give yurself a “Yes, I can!” pep talk befre a test. Or maybe yu stand up straighter and try walking thrugh the halls in a cnfident way, feeling strng. Think f psitive emtins as muscles (肌肉) yu shuld exercise by the way yu lk at things and what yu d.
Be grateful. Make an effrt t practice gratitude (感激) every day. This means stpping fr a mment t ntice and recgnize the things yu ften take fr granted (想当然), like having a place t live, fd, clean water, friends, family, even cmputer access. It’s taking a mment t think abut hw lucky yu are when smething gd happens — whether it’s a small thing r big thing.
Cllect reminders f gd experiences. Cnsider making a psitivity bx filled with things like phts f gd times, cards frm special peple, and favrite sng lyrics. If yu have truble thinking r feeling psitive sme days, the bx can lead yu back t a happier emtinal place.
Psitive thughts and emtins are pwerful tls. S, find ways t make time fr them in yur everyday life. Try t create rm in yur day fr jy, fun, friendship, relaxatin, kindness and gratitude.
18．The writer wuld suggest that we shuld ________.
A．make a prmise t urselves befre a test
B．make full use f things like fd and water
C．cllect expensive things and put them in a bx
D．find several gd things that happened t us each day
19．The wrd “stimulates” in Paragraph 3 prbably means “________”.
A．allwsB．warnsC．encuragesD．teaches
20．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The influence f shwing gratitude.
B．The imprtance f having gd habits.
C．Why t have psitive thughts and emtins.
D．Hw t frm habits f thinking and feeling psitive.
（2024·北京大兴·二模）
Frm strawberries t tmates, sme f the UK’s favrite fruit and vegetables are high in ‘frever chemicals (化学物质)’. But can we give up buying them? Pesticide Actin Netwrk (PAN) has fund that many cmmn fruits and vegetables has harmful ‘frever chemicals’.
S-called ‘frever chemicals’ are made up f 10,000 chemicals; a grup knwn as ply-and perfluralkyl substances (PFAS), and branded ‘frever’ fr their ability t remain in the envirnment and accumulate (积累) in the bdy.
PAN analyzed results frm the UK gvernment testing, finding that ten different PFAS pesticides (农药) were present in the cmmn fruits and vegetables including grapes, cherries, strawberries, cabbages and tmates.Strawberries were fund t be mst impacted (受影响) —95% f the 120 strawberries tested in 2022 cntained PFAS pesticides. This was fllwed by 61% f 109 grapes and 56% f 121 cherries. The data makes peple mre anxius and wrried abut fd safety.
Accrding t a research, these chemicals are ding unknwn harm t ur health. “They’ve been linked t increased rates f cancer,” says Evans, a researcher at the envirnmental charity Fidra. “We dn’t have all that infrmatin just yet. We have increasing research and evidence-building, but there are still s many chemicals that we dn’t understand the full health impacts f.” Cnsidering their health, mre and mre peple prefer buying the fd withut ‘frever chemicals’.
The findings frm PAN serve as an imprtant wake-up call. The bad influence f PFAS n ur fruits and vegetables needs immediate attentin and actin, nt just frm gvernments but frm all peple invlved in bringing fd frm the farm t ur tables.
PFAS are a grup f human-made chemicals that didn’t exist n the planet a century ag and have nw plluted every single crner. N ne wants t live with these harmful chemicals. S the very least we can d is t ban (禁止) the use f PFAS.
PFAS pesticides are abslutely unnecessary fr grwing fd. PAN is pushing the gvernment t stp the use f 25 PFAS pesticides in the UK and increase supprt fr farmers. It’s time t help them t use safer ways instead f using these PFAS pesticides.
With sme plastic fd packaging als plluted with PFAS, and PFASpresent in UK drinking water and sil, we need t develp a better understanding f the health risks assciated with taking these ‘frever chemicals’ and d everything we can t take them ut f the fd chain. And that wuld be a great win fr shppers, farmers and the envirnment.
21．Accrding t the research, what is the pssible result f ‘frever chemicals’?
A．A zer increase in cancer rates.B．The change f gvernment testing.
C．The unknwn effects n human health.D．A big sale fr the fd with ‘frever chemical’.
22．What can we knw frm the passage?
A．PFAS can break dwn quickly in the envirnment.
B．The effect f PFAS n strawberries was less than n grapes.
C．Banning the use f PFAS is recmmended t the UK gvernment.
D．Plastic fd packaging can help avid the pllutin caused by PFAS.
23．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Frever Chemicals: Mre Actins Shuld Be Taken t Ban Them
B．Frever Chemicals: The Ways t Prtect the Envirnment
C．Frever Chemicals: Reducing Them in Grwing Fd
D．Frever Chemicals: Hw t Avid Eating Them
（2024·北京西城·二模）A 2, 000-year mystery (谜) has mved ne step clser t being slved. AI sftware develped by researchers has successfully deciphered (辨读) the text frm a burnt scrll (卷轴) fund in the remains f an ancient Rman building in Italy. This culd help us better understand the ancient wrld.
In the centuries after the scrlls were discvered, many peple have tried t pen them, but ended up destrying sme f them. Brent Seales, a cmputer scientist, has been trying t read these hidden texts fr nearly 20 years. His team develped sftware t read the surface f scrlls using 3D CT images (图像). As the results were nt satisfactry, they wndered whether machine-learning mdels might be trained t read the scrlls But making sense f all the infrmatin was a huge task fr his small team.
Luckily, in March 2023, the Vesuvius Challenge was intrduced, ffering a large prize t researchers wrldwide. Researchers were asked t decipher fur passages, f at least 140 characters each, befre the end f the year.
The key t the challenge’s success was the mix f cmpetitin and cperatin (合作), with Seales ding his part by sharing his sftware and images nline. Smaller prizes were presented alng the way t encurage prgress, with the winning machine- learning algrithm (算法) shared at each stage t “level up” the cmmunity, s cmpetitrs culd build n each ther’s prgress.
The turning pint came in the middle f last year, when physicist Casey Handmer nticed smething that seemed t frm the shapes f Greek letters—he called it “crackle”. In late Octber, an American university student studying cmputer science used the crackle t train a machine-learning algrithm, uncvering the wrd prphyras, “purple”. This wn him the prize fr discvering the first letters. An Egyptian student, wh fllwed with even clearer images f the text, came secnd. At last, the tw yung researchers tgether with a Swiss student wrked ut ver 2, 000 characters frm ne scrll, sharing the $700, 000 prize.
The text f the already-pened scrlls is related t Greek philsphy (哲学), and researchers are likely t find mre f the same in the scrlls. Als, the machine-learning techniques pineered by researchers can nw be used t study ther types f hidden text. The prgress suggested the future decipherment f the hundreds f scrlls that had been given up n befre. The real gains are still ahead f us.
24．The Vesuvius Challenge was set up t __________.
A．raise mre mney t develp AI sftware
B．attract scientists t find mre burnt scrlls
C．cllect mre infrmatin n 3D technlgy
D．invlve mre peple in deciphering the scrlls
25．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Casey Handmer wn first prize fr discvering the wrd “purple”.
B．Researchers vlunteered t teach students t read the hidden texts.
C．Sharing amng cmpetitrs helped t make the challenge successful.
D．Different machine-learning mdels were trained t write Greek letters.
26．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．AI unlcks secrets f 2,000-year-ld scrlls
B．Yung adults take the lead in AI develpment
C．Technlgy awakens curisity abut philsphy
D．Big prizes bring abut technlgical achievements
（2024·北京大兴·二模）
Advertisers ften use special techniques t get cnsumers (消费者) t buy prducts, services and ideas. Very ften, we are persuaded (劝说) t buy a prduct r service because f what we see n the televisin, hear n the radi, r read n scial media.
Advertising has encuraged the shift frm needs-based t wants-based prductin. Advertising techniques that get cnsumers t buy mre t get greater discunt (折扣), ften attract cnsumers t buy what they d nt need t enjy mre benefits. Fr ne, tech cmpanies are cnstantly prducing new prducts and their advertisements highlight the psitive features f the latest mdels, persuading cnsumers t thrw away their ld devices and buy new nes. Similarly, advertising cnstantly prmtes (推广) new trends and styles, encuraging peple t discard their ut-f-fashin items fr trendier nes.
Advertising als encurages an addictive behaviur that results in repetitive buying. T persuade buyers t repeat their purchase (购买), cmpanies ften use sme attractive methds such as limited-time discunts, prmtins and cupns.Buyers wh d nt want t miss ut n a gd deal,wuld buy again even if they have n need fr the prduct.
Sme may argue that advertising can play an imprtant rle in persuading peple twards lasting living, and leading a less wasteful lifestyle, such as in the case f advertising secnd-hand clthes. Advertising has als successfully changed buyers’ pinins f secnd-hand clthes as “cheap” and “dirty”, prmting them as ec-friendly and stylish. Hwever, the prmise f cmpanies twards sustainability (可持续发展) remains lw. Advertising is still the main tl fr cmpanies t prmte their brands, and ultimately make mre mney.
Still, many believe that effective advertising is the key driving frce that enables mass-prduced prducts t be sld quickly, with even scial media sales relying heavily n persuasive techniques t attract the users f scial media.Hwever, sme peple believe that FOMO (fear f missing ut) is an even mre pwerful frce t persuade buyers t spend n things they d nt need. It is FOMOthat persuades peple t jin a lng line t buy smething they prbably have n need fr, based n scial media psts f purchases that friends have made.
Nwadays, peple are spending mre n things they d nt need. Hwever, advertising des nt necessarily result in us being mre wasteful. It is a matter f persnal chice. After all, there is just s much we can eat, wear r use. Althugh advertisements may appear in frnt f us anytime and anywhere, we shuld need t crrectly tell the differences between what we need and what we want. Just keep a clear mind.
27．Hw has advertising encuraged the shift frm needs-based t wants-based prductin?
A．By increasing the amunt f advertising.
B．By prviding mre attractins t the cnsumers.
C．By highlighting the price f the latest prducts.
D．By telling cmpanies t thrw away ut-f-fashin prducts.
28．The underlined wrd “addictive” in Paragraph 3 prbably means “making peple ________ smething”
A．interested in tryingB．unable t stp ding
C．wrried abut missingD．happy t thrw away
29．The writer prbably agrees that ________.
A．the misleading f advertising is the main reasn fr mre waste
B．advertising fails t change buyers’ pinins abut secnd-hand items
C．scial media has mre pwerful frce t persuade buyers than FOMO
D．FOMO can lead peple t buy smething that they might have n need fr
30．What is the writer’s main purpse in writing this passage?
A．T intrduce sme useful advertising techniques.
B．T discuss the advantages and disadvantages f advertising.
C．T explain why advertising brings buyers a wasteful lifestyle.
D．T advise peple t make right chices when facing advertisements.
（2024·北京顺义·二模）Curisity—the desire t knw, t discver, t learn. Inspired by curisity, humans are fund everywhere n ur planet, and beynd it in space. Yet accrding t human behavirist and authr f Curius, Ian Leslie, althugh we are all brn curius, nt all f us bring this int adulthd, and we can lse ut as a result.
As Leslie explains, curisity shapes us frm the start. By trying new things, we build knwledge, and want t knw mre. “We are brn aware that we dn’t knw stuff—we want t experience and discver.” Hwever, the cntrast between childhd and adulthd is clear. “We ask 40,000 questins a year between the ages f tw and five,” says Leslie, “arund 110 each day; adults, in cmparisn, ask just 20.”
As we get lder, we may feel hesitant abut asking questins, believing this expses (暴露) gaps in ur knwledge. We can becme scared t share untraditinal ideas fr fear f criticism r misunderstanding. We can als be a victim f ur success, as Leslie explains. “Once yu’ve wrked ut hw t d yur jb, then yu dn’t feel curius anymre. The need t learn ges away—in a way, curisity has dne its jb. But that desn’t mean yu shuldn’t cultivate (培养) it.”
Leslie’s tips fr cultivating curisity begin with spending time with the experts—children. “Talk t yur kids, and try t answer thse strange, difficult questins they have—like ‘What is air?’ This makes yu think abut things yu’ve taken fr granted—it reawakens yur curisity in what’s arund us and hw we perceive (感知) the wrld.”
S des finding what Leslie calls an “infrmal mentr”, thrugh wrk r ther circles, wh is happy t share their expertise, frm a skill, technlgy, t a field f learning. “Try t think f peple the way children think f adults—as surces f secret knwledge, a great stre f learning yu can tap int,” says Leslie.
Leslie als suggests creating a “spark file” —a digital r physical ntebk in which yu cllect interesting thughts. “Fill it with facts yu’ve cme acrss, sentences yu like, insights that strike yu. Let it be randm. And let it build. Over time yu’ll build up a rich surce f inspiratin, and yu’ll think, ‘Oh that’s interesting, that relates t this...’ And suddenly yur mind starts firing away with new ideas and ways f thinking.”
31．Accrding t Leslie, when we get lder we may ________.
A．try mre new thingsB．fill ur knwledge gaps
C．ask sme strange questinsD．lse ur natural curisity
32．The wrd “cntrast” in Paragraph 2 is clsest in meaning t ________.
A．differenceB．relatinshipC．argumentD．secret
33．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．We can talk t children t reawaken ur curisity.
B．We are willing t share ur expert knwledge with thers.
C．We can cultivate ur curisity by using a digital ntebk.
D．We are afraid f asking questins because f misunderstanding.
（2024·北京顺义·二模）Everyne lks frward t prgress, whether in ne’s persnal life r in the sciety. Prgress shws a persn’s ability t change the way he is living at the mment. Prgress must lead t a better way f ding things. All these, hwever, remain true nly if peple chse t accept technlgy and find new and mre efficient (高效的) ways t mve frward.
Hwever, at the back f the minds f many peple, especially thse wh missed the “gd ld days”, efficiency cmes with a price. When cmmunicatin becmes efficient, peple are able t cntact ne anther n matter where they are and whenever they wish t. The click f a buttn allws peple miles apart t talk r t see each ther withut even leaving their hmes. With the cmmunicatin tls, such as mbile phnes and iPads, peple ften d nt take the effrt t visit ne anther persnally. A persnal visit carries with its additinal feature f having t be in the persn’s presence fr as lng as the visit lasts.
With efficiency als cmes mass prductin (大规模生产). Such is the nature f factries and the success f industrializatin tday. Factries have imprved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left t machines and prducts are better made and prduced with greater accuracy (精确) than any human hand. Hwever, with the imprvements in efficiency als cmes the lss f the persnal tuch when making these prducts. Fr example, many handicrafts (手工艺品) are nw prduced in a factry. Althugh this means that supply is better able t increase demand, nw that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass prductin lwers the quality f the handicraft and it is difficult t find unique designs n each item.
Nevertheless, we must nt make the mistake f analyzing prgress nly frm ne pint f view. In fact, prgress has allwed traditin t keep up. It is nly with prgress and the inventin f new technlgy that many ld prducts can be brught back t their ld state. New technlgy is required fr ld prducts t stay ld.
It is peple’s attitude twards prgress that causes the type f influence that technlgy has n sciety. Technlgy is flexible. There is n fixed way f making use f it. Everything depends n peple’s attitude. The wrst effects f prgress will fall n thse wh are unable t think again abut their attitudes and views f sciety. When we accept prgress and adapt it t suit ur needs, a new “past” is created.
34．Prgress can benefit peple when they are willing t ________.
A．live a better life than befre
B．lk fr mre efficient methds
C．change the way f living at the mment
D．accept technlgy and find ways t mve frward
35．Why des the writer talk abut handicrafts in Paragraph 3?
A．T explain supply can increase the demand.
B．T stress efficiency may have a negative effect.
C．T suggest factries shuld imprve efficiency.
D．T shw handmade bjects may be f lw quality.
36．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Prgress can meet the needs f daily life.
B．Technlgy can be used in different ways.
C．A new past can be created by making prgress.
D．Peple’s attitude decides the use f technlgy.
37．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Technlgy can make the ld prducts new.
B．Technlgy may cause fewer persnal visits.
C．Technlgy can lead t higher quality in prductin.
D．Technlgy may reduce peple’s cntact with thers.
参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．A
【导语】本文主要探讨了人们在辨识方向能力上的差异及其原因。研究表明，生活经验决定了人们的辨识方向能力，文化和经验比天生能力更重要。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“An experiment was carried ut in 2022 t find ut what might influence way finding ability.”可知，2022年进行实验的目的是找出人们认路能力不同的原因。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Research results like these suggest that peple’s life experience decides hw well they find their way.”可知，人们的生活经历决定了他们在认路方面的表现，结合最后一段最后一句“Even children perfrmed very well—a result, researchers think, f grwing up in an envirnment that encurages children t explre the frest.”可知，A选项“一个经常探索自然的女性”最为符合。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, experience may even explain a ppular belief that men are mre likely t perfrm better than wmen. It turns ut that this difference is mre a questin f culture and experience than f in brn ability. ”可知，事实上，经验甚至可以解释一种普遍的观点——男性比女性更有可能表现得更好。事实证明，这种差异与其说是天生的能力问题，不如说是文化和经验的问题。由此推知，好的领航员大多是培养出来的，而不是天生的。故选A。
4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了快乐和享受的联系和对比。
4．推理判断题。根据“Playing a tennis game that imprves ne’s ability is enjyable, as is reading a bk that shws things in a new light, as is having a cnversatin that leads us t express ideas we didn’t knw we had.”可知打一场能提高一个人能力的网球是令人愉快的，就像读一本从新的角度看待事物的书一样，就像进行一场能让我们表达自己不知道自己拥有的想法的谈话一样。由此推出当你和朋友谈论新想法时，你很可能会体验到乐趣。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据“Experiences that give pleasure can als give enjyment, but the tw feelings are quite different.”可知有些经历既能带来愉悦，又能带来享受。故选D。
6．词义猜测题。根据“As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure withut any psychic energy, while enjyment happens nly as a result f full attentin.”可知正如这个例子所表明的，我们可以在没有任何精神能量的情况下体验快乐，而享受只有在全神贯注的情况下才会发生。psychic energy与attentin意思相近。故选A。
7．观点态度题。根据“Enjyment is characterized by a sense f curisity, f achievement.”以及“Grwth requires full attentin t gals that are new, that are relatively challenging.”可知作者会赞成“感到快乐与得到成长是相辅相成的”这一观点。故选B。
8．C 9．D 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。
8．细节理解题。根据“In additin, the wasted fd prduces ver three billin tns f carbn dixide (CO2), which speeds up climate change.”可知食物浪费可能造成的一个结果是气候变化的加速。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据“One f the hardest slutins t achieve is fr each and every ne t buy and prepare fd with a plan f their wn s that less fd is wasted.”可知家庭的膳食计划很难付诸实施。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“What can we d t slve this fd waste prblem?”以及通读全文可知主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。
11．D 12．A 13．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们很容易被虚假信息所骗的一些原因和怎样辨别查找出信息真假。
11．推理判断题。根据“But hw the claim is presented can influence hw many peple believe it.”以及第三段“The third had a vide. It shwed a man feeding plastic sheets int a machine. The tested peple graded the vide stry as the mst believable.”可知， Sundar和他的团队实验证明，眼见为实，当人们在视频中看到某些东西时，他们更容易接受错误信息；据此可推断，该团体研究的目的是找出新闻的呈现方式如何影响其可信度。故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“We ften find claims believable that g alng with the values we hld. Sme peple are unlikely t questin things that fit with what they already believe. Why? Because ur values can influence hw we prcess infrmatin.”可知，我们经常发现与我们持有的价值观相一致的主张是可信的，因为我们的价值观会影响我们处理信息的方式。故选A。
13．主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要介绍了人们很容易被虚假信息所骗的一些原因以及如何辨别信息真假的方法和建议。故选C。
14．B 15．C 16．A 17．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了我们面对选择之时可以做两条路，一条是避免当时的痛苦，另一条是更难走的路——以更高的目标推迟享受。延迟满足虽然痛苦，但可以帮助我们走上正确的道路。
14．推理判断题。根据“Peple wh learn hw t manage their need t be satisfied in the mment thrive (蓬勃发展) mre in their careers, relatinships and health than peple wh give in t it.”可知，那些学会如何管理自己当下需要得到满足的人，在事业、人际关系和健康方面比那些屈服于这种需求的人更蓬勃发展。因此那些延迟满足的人会为更大的目标而耐心地努力。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据“A well-knwn study cnducted at Stanfrd University in the 1960s explains a lt abut why it’s beneficial t delay gratificatin.”可知，斯坦福大学在20世纪60年代进行的一项著名研究解释了为什么延迟满足是有益的。因此作者第5段提到著名的研究是想证明推迟满足的价值。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据“A life f purpse, aligned (保持一致) with the seeking f true happiness, creates real jy. It keeps yur happiness meter pretty steady (稳定的) thrughut yur life. ”可知，作者会认同有目标的人生能给我们带来真正的快乐。故选A。
17．主旨大意题。根据“Peple wh learn hw t manage their need t be satisfied in the mment thrive (蓬勃发展) mre in their careers, relatinships and health than peple wh give in t it.”以及“True happiness needs delaying pleasure, and putting in the time, discipline and patience required t achieve a gal instead f feeling gd nw.”并通读全文可知，作者鼓励我们为了更大的目标而推迟享乐。故选A。
18．D 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了怎样养成积极的思考和感受的习惯。
18．细节理解题。根据“At the end f each day, try t find at least 3 gd things that happened t yu.”可知，作者建议我们每天结束的时候，试着找出至少3件发生身上的好事。故选D。
19．词句猜测题。根据“This trains yu t ntice psitive things and stimulates yu t d mre things that cause psitive emtins.”可知，这训练你注意到积极的事情，并刺激你做更多能引起积极情绪的事情，此处指的是积极的一面，因此应意为“激励”。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了怎样养成积极的思考和感受的习惯。故选D。
21．C 22．C 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了PAN发现许多常见的水果和蔬菜含有有害的“永久化学物质”——PFAS，这些化学物质是由10000种化学物质组成的，正在对我们的健康造成未知的危害，人们应该引起重视并采取行动。
21．细节理解题。根据“Accrding t a research, these chemicals are ding unknwn harm t ur health.…We dn’t have all that infrmatin just yet…but there are still s many chemicals that we dn’t understand the full health impacts f.”这些化学物质正在对我们的健康造成未知的危害，但人们仍然不了解它们对健康的全面影响。可推测，这些化学物质对人类健康的未知影响。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据“PAN is pushing the gvernment t stp the use f 25 PFAS pesticides in the UK…”可知，PAN正在推动政府停止在英国使用25种PFAS农药，选项C“建议英国政府禁止使用PFAS”表述正确。故选C。
23．最佳标题类。通读全文，本文主要讲述了PAN发现许多常见的水果和蔬菜含有有害的“永久化学物质”——PFAS，这些化学物质是由10000种化学物质组成的，正在对我们的健康造成未知的危害，人们应该引起重视并采取行动。选项A“永久化学品：应该采取更多行动禁止它们”符合题意。故选A。
24．D 25．C 26．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了研究人员开发的人工智能软件成功辨读卷轴中的文字。
24．细节理解题。根据“the Vesuvius Challenge was intrduced, ffering a large prize t researchers wrldwide. Researchers were asked t decipher fur passages, f at least 140 characters each, befre the end f the year”可知，维苏威挑战的目的是让更多的人参与破译古卷。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据“The key t the challenge’s success was the mix f cmpetitin and cperatin (合作)”以及“with the winning machine-learning algrithm (算法) shared at each stage t ‘level up’ the cmmunity, s cmpetitrs culd build n each ther’s prgress.”可知，竞争对手之间的分享有助于挑战的成功。故选C。
26．最佳标题提。根据“AI sftware develped by researchers has successfully deciphered (辨读) the text frm a burnt scrll (卷轴) fund in the remains f an ancient Rman building in Italy.”和文章可知，本文主要讲述了研究人员开发的人工智能软件成功辨读卷轴中的文字，故选A。
27．B 28．B 29．D 30．D
【导语】本文主要分析了广告商如何让我们去购买不需要的东西，作者建议我们在面对广告时要做出正确的选择。
27．细节理解题。根据“Advertising has encuraged the shift frm needs-based t wants-based prductin. Advertising techniques that get cnsumers t buy mre t get greater discunt (折扣), ften attract cnsumers t buy what they d nt need t enjy mre benefits.”可知，是通过为消费者提供更多的吸引力，促使从以需求为基础的生产向以欲望为基础的生产转变。故选B。
28．词句猜测题。根据“Advertising als encurages an addictive behaviur that results in repetitive buying.”和"“T persuade buyers t repeat their purchase (购买),...”可知，通过各种方法让买家重复购买，即让买家产生上瘾的行为，与B选项意思相近。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据“Hwever, sme peple believe that FOMO (fear f missing ut) is an even mre pwerful frce t persuade buyers t spend n things they d nt need.(然而，一些人认为FOMO(害怕错过)是一种更强大的力量，可以说服买家在他们不需要的东西上花钱。)”可知，作者认为FOMO可以引导人们购买他们可能不需要的东西。故选D。
30．推理判断题。本文主要分析了广告商如何让我们去购买不需要的东西，作者告诉我们在购物时要保持清醒的头脑，做出正确的选择。故选D。
31．D 32．A 33．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人类行为学家Ian Leslie关于好奇心的观点及如何培养好奇心。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Yet accrding t human behavirist and authr f Curius, Ian Leslie, althugh we are all brn curius, nt all f us bring this int adulthd, and we can lse ut as a result.”可知，Ian Leslie认为，尽管我们都天生好奇，但并不是所有人成年后都会有好奇心，结果是我们可能会失去好奇心。故选D。
32．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“‘We ask 40,000 questins a year between the ages f tw and five,’ says Leslie, ‘arund 110 each day; adults, in cmparisn, ask just 20.’”可知，此处是将儿童和成年人之间进行对比，所以“cntrast”的含义是“对比”，A项符合。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Leslie’s tips fr cultivating curisity begin with spending time with the experts—children.”可知，我们可以和孩子们交谈，重新唤醒我们的好奇心。故选A。
34．D 35．B 36．D 37．B
【导语】本文主要讨论了进步和技术对社会的影响，以及人们对此的态度。
34．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“All these, hwever, remain true nly if peple chse t accept technlgy and find new and mre efficient (高效的) ways t mve frward.”可知，只有当人们选择接受技术并找到新的、更有效的前进方式时，那么技术的进步是可以给我们带来很多的好处。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Fr example, many handicrafts (手工艺品) are nw prduced in a factry. Althugh this means that supply is better able t increase demand, nw that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass prductin lwers the quality f the handicraft and it is difficult t find unique designs n each item.”可知，作者提到手工艺品是为了强调效率的提高可能会带来负面效果，即失去了产品的个人特色。故选B。
36．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“It is peple’s attitude twards prgress that causes the type f influence that technlgy has n sciety. ”并通读本段可知，本段主要讲述人们的态度决定了技术的使用。故选D。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“With the cmmunicatin tls, such as mbile phnes and iPads, peple ften d nt take the effrt t visit ne anther persnally.”可知，技术可能会导致人们减少亲自访问他人。故选B。