人教版高考英语一轮复习读后续写第3讲3步构思,圆合续写文章写作专项课件

这是一份人教版高考英语一轮复习读后续写第3讲3步构思,圆合续写文章写作专项课件，共32页。

构思续写故事时,可以根据对故事六要素的分析构思续写主要情节。结合两个段首句进一步确定续写内容框架,包括情节的发展方式、主要人物的结局以及人物最终获得的启示等。在构思具体情节时,要综合考虑前文留下的情节、人物等相关线索,补充符合故事逻辑和人物特征的内容。故事基调需积极向上,具有正能量。
在构思及创作的过程中,需要注意以下几点:主题:续写内容应围绕故事主题展开,在结尾处可使用适当的方法照应主题、升华主旨。情节:续写故事情节应与原文紧密衔接,保持情节线索连贯,注意呼应伏笔,并照应前文。人物:续写故事需承接前文对主次人物的塑造,展现人物间的关系发展,解决矛盾。环境:续写时需关注前文及段首句中的环境提示,设置恰当的故事场景,存在多个场景时需注意衔接。
第一步　构思续写两段主要情节在下笔写作前,首先需要根据续写故事的第一段和第二段的主要情节进行设计。可以结合原文解读中对主题、人物、环境等要素分析以及续写第一段、第二段首句分析展开。在构思主要情节内容时,需要关注以下几个关键问题:1.故事主题续写的主要情节要围绕故事的主题展开。需要注意的是,主题应当是自然展现,而非作者强加给故事的,因此需要通过情节的铺设进行呈现。在呈现故事主题时,可以进行如下思考:当前的情节与主题之间有什么样的联系?如何增强这种联系?
2.情节结构及线索构思主要情节需参照前文的情节结构,如果故事尚处于行动阶段,则需要设计有效的行动;如果故事已经发展到了解决阶段,则需要将更多笔墨放在冲突的解决和人物获得的启示上。情节结构不仅影响着故事的走向,也影响着故事的发展节奏,因此构思时需要适当控制情节,不要“天马行空”冲出原有的情节框架,也不要过于缓慢地推进情节,导致故事无法控制在有限的篇幅内。3.续写第一段、第二段首句构思主要情节需参考题目中给出的两个段首句。这两个段首句通常含有情节、人物、环境等方面的描写或暗示。情节需要沿着段首句铺设的场景展开,如果段首句中提到了故事中的主次人物,则续写时也要设计相应人物的活动。
第二步　构思续写“四点”内容初步确定主要情节后,思考故事的主人公如何面对所处的局面,可以采取哪些行动,以及最终会得到怎样的结果,这样就有了基本的故事框架。接下来,就需要对续写段落中的“四点”进行创造。点①:位于续写第一段段首,流畅衔接前面的记叙文和第一段段首句;点②:位于续写第一段段尾,流畅衔接第二段段首句;点③:位于续写第二段段首,续写衔接第二段段首句;点④:文章结尾升华,给予读者正能量,揭示和强调主题。这“四点”的写作,决定了整篇续写故事的发展方向,按照写作要求的不同侧重方向,可以再将这四点划分为段首三点和结尾一点。
段首三点指的是与段首句相关的三个点,即紧接两段段首句之后的两个点和第一段结尾的一个点。通过分析这三点可以保证整体故事的连贯性。第一点要限定剧情走向,同时为下文的展开留出足够的写作空间;第二点要达成两段之间的衔接,过渡不能突兀;第三点不仅要衔接第二段开头语,也要开始收束剧情,为结尾作铺垫。在创作过程中,要培养衔接意识,关注原文的隐藏信息。“四点”的创造,是有多种可能性的,不是唯一的。
确定前三点的内容时,需要关注原文及段首句中的环境提示,选取恰当的时间和场景展开故事。当续写进行到结尾部分的时候,需要关注情节、人物、主题等要素的发展情况。首先是情节结构的完整性。在情节结构方面,题干要求续写呈现出“一个完整的故事”,因此结尾处不应毫无缘由地引入新人物或开启新剧情。另外还需关注人物塑造的完整性,如果续写中包含主人公对某一问题的思考,在结尾处应该体现出思考的结果和人物的成长。此外,在故事结尾处可通过画面定格、情感升华、主题提炼等手段升华故事主题,给读者留下更深刻的印象。
第三步　构思续写段落细节结合前两步总结出的主要情节及续写段落首尾内容,可以基本确定续写的主体框架。接下来需要补充续写两段中的细节。在构思细节的过程中,综合考虑分析原文中的情节线索、情节安排、人物特点、环境等因素。
1.情节线索把握好续写细节中的情节线索(明线、暗线)发展,是这个环节最重要的任务。明线是前文中明显的情节线索,如时间推移、事件发展、事物变化等。续写时需要牢牢把握其走向,分析故事发展的前因后果,借助剧情发展来理解和构思人物的行为。暗线又称情感线,在整个故事的发展过程中,每当事件发展有重大变化时,人物的内心世界就会产生相应改变。把握好人物情感的变化,可以使续写内容更贴合人物性格,从而达到续写内容与给定原文情感上的融洽。在设计具体情节时,可以结合前面梳理好的情节框架,在其中填入合理的内容,如新的事件以及与之相应的人物情感变化等。需要注意的是,情节的明暗两条线虽然总体走向一致,但可以不完全重合。另外,根据原文对暗线的处理情况,可以选择性地隐藏一些人物情感,或使用间接的方式(动作、神态等描写)呈现。
2.情节安排如果原文中存在伏笔,则续写时需要设计情节与之呼应;如果原文中留下了悬念,则续写时也需对其进行解答。此外,两段续写内容之间也应当形成照应,使故事更为融洽,浑然一体。3.人物以及人物关系构思时要注意前期划分的主次人物及他们之间的关系,使人物的行为符合人物关系,同时需要考虑人物以及人物关系是否随着情节的推进发生了变化。
4.人物特点需要根据解读原文时分析得出的人物特点,对人物的行动、思想等进行合理创造。需要从人物本身出发,明确他们对冲突的看法,他们可能会采取的行动以及冲突解决后他们的感受。5.环境有些故事的段首句对续写的场景做出了限制,构思具体情节时需要考虑人物如何在这些场景中活动,以及剧情展开是否会引导人物回到前文中提及过的场景。对具体情节展开构思时,可以从总结好的情节发展出发,梳理全文逻辑。
典型例题(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)When I was in middle schl,my scial studies teacher asked me t enter a writing cntest,I said n withut thinking.I did nt lve writing.My family came frm Brazil,s English was nly my secnd language.Writing was s difficult and painful fr me that my teacher had allwed me t present my paper n the sinking f the Titanic by acting ut a play,where I played all the parts.N ne laughed harder than he did.S,why did he suddenly frce me t d smething at which I was sure t fail?His reply:“Because I lve yur stries.If yu’re willing t apply yurself,I think yu have a gd sht at this.”Encuraged by his wrds,I agreed t give it a try.
I chse Paul Revere’s hrse as my subject.Paul Revere was a silversmith(银匠) in Bstn wh rde a hrse at night n April 18,1775 t Lexingtn t warn peple that British sldiers were cming.My stry wuld cme straight frm the hrse’s muth.Nt a brilliant idea,but funny,and unlikely t be anyne else’s chice.What did the hrse think,as sped thrugh the night?Did he get tired?Have dubts?Did he want t quit?I sympathized immediately.I gt tired.I had dubts. I wanted t quit.But,like Revere’s hrse,I kept ging.I wrked hard.I checked my spelling.I asked my lder sister t crrect my grammar.I checked ut a half-dzen bks n Paul Revere frm the library.I even read a few f them.
When I handed in the essay t my teacher,he read it,laughed ut lud and said,“Great.Nw,write it again.” I wrte it again,and again and again.When I finally finished it,the thught f winning had given way t the enjyment f writing.If I didn’t win.I wuldn’t care.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。
A few weeks later,when I almst frgt the cntest,there came the news.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I went t my teacher’s ffice after the award presentatin. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
构思导引一、构思续写两段主要情节根据故事的主题、情节、人物和环境分析,作者上中学的时候,社会学老师邀请作者参加一个写作比赛。作者不喜欢写作,于是想都没想就拒绝了。但是在老师的鼓励下,作者同意试一试。作者在写作过程中虽然很累,但是没有放弃,坚持下来了。在作者最终完成写作时,作者感到写作让他很快乐,他已经不在乎输赢了。续写两段分别是比赛的“结果”和“冲突的解决部分”:比赛消息传来——作者获奖——颁奖后来到老师办公室——老师鼓励作者——作者坚持写作。
二、构思续写“四点”内容通过续写两段的段首句可以确定每段故事的情节发展、场景和人物。
三、构思续写段落细节展开细节时,可以尝试回答如下问题并考虑多种可能性:
根据以上问题,续写第一段的具体情节可以是:作者获奖→作者感受→同学们的反应→出席颁奖仪式。续写第二段的具体情节可以是:作者去老师办公室→感激老师→老师鼓励作者→从此坚持写作。
【参考范文】A few weeks later,when I almst frgt the cntest,there came the news.I wn first place! Hearing such unexpected news,I was struck dumb! Standing rted t the spt,never had I thught that I culd win first place in an English writing cntest.All my classmates rared and cast unbelievable glances at me. Tw days later,I went t attend a grand award presentatin.Striding nt the pdium with my chest puffing ut in pride,I culdn’t cnceal my sense f achievement.The hst presented me with the award and cngratulated me. Thunderus applause erupted frm the audience.A tingle f pleasure sht thrugh me as I savured the sweet taste f winning.With all the self-dubt vanishing int air,I decided t visit my teacher.
I went t my teacher’s ffice after the award presentatin.Shving the half-clsed dr pen,I stepped inside with my trphy.Seeing my cming,my teacher raised his head,gave me a thumb and praised,“Well dne!” I suppressed my ecstasy,and blurted ut,“Withut yur encuragement and belief in me,I culdn’t have wn the prize!” “N,yu deserve the prize.It was yur willingness t try that defeated yur self-dubt! Remember:Never define yur life with smething yu haven’t even tried!” my teacher replied.Suddenly, it all clicked int place with my teacher’s wrds.It dawned n me that everything wuld be pssible if I wanted t try.
跟踪训练运用“3步构思”创作故事情节My Best Teaching ExperienceTyler was nly in my senir class fr a semester.He had been suspended(使停学) many times in previus years because f his anger issues. When he entered my class,I thught the wrst.Tyler sat in the back rw.Every time I talked t the class,I wuld ask students questins,calling them by name.Unfrtunately,every time I called n Tyler,he wuld respnd with a jke.If he gt an answer wrng,he wuld becme angry.
Abut a mnth int the year,I was still trying t cnnect with Tyler.I can usually get students invlved in class discussins r at least have them sit quietly and attentively(专心地).By cntrast,Tyler was ften lud and smetimes rude.He had been in s much truble ver the years.He expected his teachers t knw abut his past:abut hw many times he had been sent t the ffice r suspended frm schl.I had fund that these srts f referrals(移交) were nt very effective and that students wuld return frm the ffice behaving wrse than befre.
One day,Tyler was talking ver me while I was teaching.I stpped my lessn and said,“Tyler,why dn’t yu jin in ur discussin instead f having ne f yur wn?”With that,he gt up frm his chair,pushed it ver and yelled smething.I can’t remember what he said ther than that he included sme implite wrds.I sent Tyler straight t the ffice,and he received a week’s suspensin.T this pint,this was ne f my wrst teaching experiences.Tyler’s anger was almst t much fr me.The week Tyler was suspended frm schl was a wnderful time,and we gt a lt accmplished as a class.Hwever,the suspensin week wuld sn cme t an end,and I was fearful f his return.
续写要求:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。On the day f Tyler’s return,I std at the dr awaiting him._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A spark f surprise flashed acrss his face.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(一)构思续写两段主要情节结合原文解读中对主题、情节、人物、环境等要素的分析以及对续写第一段、第二段首句的分析,可以构思续写第一段和第二段的主要情节。续写第一段的主要情节为:   续写第二段的主要情节为:   
“我”在班级门口与Tyler进行了沟通。“我”和Tyler之间的矛盾消除,Tyler朝着好的方向转变。
(二)构思续写“四点”内容根据原文解读和两个段首句推测两段首尾部分“四点”(①②③④)的内容,确保段落当中和段落之间情节连贯以及文章的主题和结局积极向上。
Tyler 出现/“我”看到Tyler。
“我”说了一些让 Tyler 惊讶的话。
Tyler 惊讶的其他表现/Tyler惊讶的原因。
Tyler转变之后取得的进步/Tyler向“我”表达感谢/“我”对Tyler转变的感想。
(三)构思续写段落细节确定合适的主干情节之后,接下来构思两段的具体细节。
①Tyler came,but still shwed n respect fr me.②I thught f what had happened befre and felt I shuld try a different way.③I aplgized fr the quarrel that we had in the class.
根据以上问题,续写第二段的具体情节可以是:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
①He had never heard an aplgy frm a teacher befre.②He felt ashamed and aplgized t me.③I was glad t hear that and sent him back t class.④He behaved like a gd student.⑤I realized the pwer f understanding.
【参考范文】On the day f Tyler’s return,I std at the dr awaiting him.At last he came,walking with his hands in his pckets.That image immediately brught back memries f the by thrwing a tantrum in class the ther day.Yet I managed t restrain my anger this time.These past few days,I had been building a wall between us with blame and punishment,s I thught t myself that maybe I shuld try anther way.“I want t aplgize fr the quarrel that we had in the middle f class,and I’m really srry if it hurt yur feelings,”I said,finally breaking the ice.