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【暑假衔接】第07讲 系动词和情态动词-新七年级英语暑假衔接讲义 （人教版）
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这是一份【暑假衔接】第07讲 系动词和情态动词-新七年级英语暑假衔接讲义 （人教版），文件包含暑假衔接第07讲系动词和情态动词-教师版新七年级英语暑假衔接讲义人教版docx、暑假衔接第07讲系动词和情态动词-学生版新七年级英语暑假衔接讲义人教版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
例1下面句子中有一处错误,请用“_______”画出并改正
Our English teacher can plays the pian well.
【答案】plays改为:play
【思路解析】这个句子的主语是ur English teacher我们的英语老师,虽是第三人称单数形式,但要注意情态动词can没有人称和数的变化,后跟动词原形.
回顾总结
1.be 动词有单数is/am,复数are两种形式,be动词不能独立作谓语,后面常跟名词、形容词等作表语.
2.情态动词
我们在小学学习的情态动词有can, may. can一般表示能力,may一般表示请求,情态动词后面接动词原形.
衔接知新
知识清单
1.连系动词
连系动词也叫系动词,是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它不能独立作谓语,后常跟名词、形容词和介词短语等作表语.最常用的系动词是be.此外,实义动词feel感觉,becme 变成,sund 听,smell 闻,taste 尝,lk 看,作为系动词时;它们分别表示“感觉,变得,听起来,闻起来,尝起来,看起来”.如:She lks like beautiful.她看起来很漂亮.(lk在这里是连系动词,与like一起表示“看起来”的意思)
2.情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的能力,对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”“应当”“必要”等.它本身虽有意义,但不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形构成谓语.情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,肯定句变否定句时直接在情态动词后面加nt(may变为 can't或mustn't, must变为 needn't),变一般疑问句时将情态动词移至句首.
情态动词 must与have t的基本用法和区别:
(1)must表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意为“必须······”:由must引导的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have/has t,否定回答要用needn't或dn't/desn't have t,意思是“不必”:must的否定形式是mustn't,意为“不准、禁止”.
(2)have t表示客观需要做的事情,意思是“必须,不得不”.使用have t要注意:
①have t有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has t;②含有have t/has t的句子需分别借用助动词d, des构成疑问句或否定句.
过关检测
典题精讲
例2单项选择
(1)The bread smells________ and it sells________.
(2) This kind f clth________ very sft.
【答案】(1)C (2)A
【思路解析】(1)句意:这些面包闻起来很好,而且卖得好.完成这道题时要注意smell和sell这两个词的词性.smell在这里是“闻起来”的意思,是系动词,后要跟形容词作表语:sell意为“卖”,是实义动词,常用副词来修饰.选项中gd是形容词,well是副词.
(2)句意:这种布料手感很软.feel在此句中作感官系动词,意为“······给人某种感觉／(摸上去)给人(某种)手感”.
例3根据句意补充句子
-Must I hand in my hmewrk nw, Mr. Smith?
-N, yu________.
【答案】needn't
【思路解析】句意:“Mr. Smith,我必须现在交家庭作业吗?”“不,你不必.”must构成的一般疑问句,肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn't.
走出误区
这道题很容易错填为mustn't,因为一般情况下,对于一般疑问句的回答,根据习惯,往往会在must后面加nt.但是,mustn't意为“不准、禁止”,所以否定答语不用mustn't而用 needn't.
即时演练
1.在横线上写出下列画线动词的词义
(1)He gets t Beijing. ________
The days get lnger and lnger. ________
(2) The students feel unhappy. ________
I feel the dg's head. ________
(3) Turn left at the crssing. ________
The leaves turn green when spring cmes. ________
(4) The yung trees grw fast. ________
It grws dark. ________
2.单项选择
( )(1)What________ yu d?
( )(2)Visitrs________ walk n the grass in the park.
( )(3)This kind f cake tastes________.
( )(4)Bb can nt g ut t play, because he________ help his dad in the garden.
3.按要求改写句子
(1)He must d his hmewrk nw.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)May I g ut fr a walk?(作否定回答)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(3)Mary一定在图书馆里.(翻译句子)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(4) Jim is able t ride his bike.(同义句转换)
领先训练
Jim________ ride his bike.
强化基础
1.用 may, can, must, have t填空
(1) ________ yu speak English?
(2)We________ wash ur hands befre breakfast.
(3)He________ g t schl n Sundays.
(4)- ________ I smke in this rm?
-N, yu mustn't.
2.单项选择
( )(1)-May I stp my car here?
-N, yu________.
( )(2)-Must we clean the huse nw?
-N, yu________.
( )(3)Jhnny, yu________ play with the knife, yu________ hurt(伤害)yurself.
( )(4)Yu dn't________ wash all the plates after meals.
3.改写句子,保持句意不变
(1) Yu must wash the dishes.=Yu________ ________ wash the dishes.
(2) She can ck well.=She________ ________ ________ ck well.
(3)Wash yur face at nce(立即).=Yu________ ________ wash yur face at nce.
领先巩固
4.下列句子中各有一处错误,请用“________”画出并改正
(1) The flwers smell well. ________改为: ________
(2)He can tastes the sup. ________改为: ________
(3) I haven't t g there. I can make a phne call. ________改为: ________
5.按要求完成句子
(1) Tm can dance.(用sing改为选择疑问句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)The girl can play the guitar.(就画线部分提问)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(3)他一定在老师的办公室.(翻译句子)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(4) Must I g hme nw?(作否定回答)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
培优挑战
6.完形填空
I have a gd friend. Her name (1) Mary. She (2) frm America. She is (3) China with her father and mther. She (4) speak a little Chinese. She is in the N.15 Middle Schl in Shanghai. Her father and mther (5) teachers. They are in the N.5 Middle Schl. Mary is a gd student. She (6) never late(迟到). But tday she gt up late. S she gt t the classrm at seven thirty. But there (7) any students in the classrm. She wasn't late. She was still early. It was Saturday tday.
中考链接
1.Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting in ur schl.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
2.-Whse skirt is this?
-It ________ be Jane’s. She is the nly girl in the team.
A.mustB.can’tC.mayD.mustn’t
3.- On my way t the supermarket, I saw Jimmy hanging ut with smene.
- It ________ be him. He has gne t Shanghai.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.mightD.culd
4.-Oh, my Gd! I’ll nearly lse my heart.
-Cheer up. Life ________ be perfect all the time.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shuldn’t
5.- ________ I use yur iPad?
-Srry, I’m using it nw.
A.MayB.MustC.Shuld
6.-Can yu play the guitar, Mark?
-Yes, I ________.
A.canB.mustC.will
7.The by ________ be Tm. I saw him reading in the library just nw.
A.shuldn’tB.can’tC.needn’t
8.Accrding t the new regulatin (规定), schl students ________ take their cell phnes t the classrm.
A.wuldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’t
9.The sup ________ a little salty, there is n need t add mre salt.
A.lksB.smellsC.sundsD.tastes
10.Everyne ________ here. Let’s g.
A.amB.areC.is
11.-Hw d yu like this cup f Xinglng Cffee?
-It ________ really great. I’d like anther cup.
A.lksB.feelsC.tastes
12.-Lk! Mr. Li is playing basketball with his students.
-It ________ be him. He has gne t Xi’an.
A.mustn’tB.can’tC.shuldn’t
13.Yu ________ be tired after the whle day’s wrk.
A.mustB.shuldC.canD.wuld
14.-________ I help yu, sir?
-Yes, I’d like t try n thse black shes.
A.WillB.ShuldC.MustD.May
15.-_______ I use yur glue? I’m making a kite.
-N prblem. Here yu are.
A.ShuldB.NeedC.MustD.May
16.Safety cmes first. Everyne n the cach ________ wear the seat belt.
A.canB.can’tC.mustD.mustn`t
17.In the library yu ________ draw r write in the bks, r yu will be fined.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.wuldn’tD.culdn’t
18.The girl is really clever. She ________ speak tw freign languages.
A.canB.mustn’tC.can’tD.need
19.The headmaster ften tells us that students ________ g t swim in rivers by themselves. It’s quite dangerus.
A.mustn’tB.mustC.culdn’tD.culd
20.- Is it imprtant t prtect wild animals, Susan?
- Yes. If we dn’t prtect them, they ________ die ut ne day.
A.needB.can’tC.may
21.-Sir, yu ________ crss the rad when the light is red. Yu knw, building a civilized city(创建文明城市)is ur duty.
-Srry, I wn’t.
A.needn’tB.mustC.can’t
22.-Wilsn, ________ yu help me carry the bx upstairs?
-Sure, n prblem.
A.culdB.needC.shuldD.might
23.-Can I swim in the lake, Mum? It’s s ht.
-N, yu ________. The sign says “N swimming”.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.wuldn’tD.shuldn’t
24.-I dn’t care what Kate thinks.
-Well, yu _______. Her suggestins are f sme value.
A.wuldB.shuldC.mightD.culd
25.-Dad, must I becme a dctr like yu when I finish university in the future?
-N, yu________. Yu can make yur wn decisin and d whatever yu like.
A.dn’t have tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.culdn’t
26.-D yu like pems?
-Yes. I ________ read pems when I was 5.
A.mustB.canC.culd
27.- ________ yu tell us a stry in English?
-I think I can d it. Let me try.
A.NeedB.CanC.ShuldD.Must
28.-_________ I take phts here?
-Srry, yu can’t. It’s nt allwed in the museum.
A.MustB.NeedC.CanD.Will
29.-Excuse me. _______ I sit here?
-Yu’d better nt. It’s the man’s seat.
A.MustB.NeedC.CuldD.Shuld
30.-Can we play games here?
-Better nt. If yu ________, please g t the pen space there.
A.mustB.canC.mayD.willA. well; gd
B. gd; gd
C. gd; well
D. well; well
A. feels
B. smells
C. sunds
D. lks
A. can't
B. can
C. must
D. may
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. must
D. may
A. gd
B. well
C. t be gd
D. t be well
A. can
B. can't
C. has t
D. may
A. needn't
B. may nt
C. can't
D. dn't have t
A. needn't
B. may nt
C. mustn't
D. can't
A. wn't; can't
B. mustn't; may
C. shuldn't; must
D. can't; shuldn't
A. have t
B. must
C. may
D. has t
( )(1)A. am
B. is
C. be
D. are
( )(2)A. cme
B. cmes
C. are
D. g
( )(3)A. in
B. at
C. f
D. frm
( )(4)A. must
B. may
C. can
D. need
( )(5)A. is
B. are
C. be
D. am
( )(6)A. are
B. am
C. be
D. is
( )(7)A. isn't
B. aren't
C. wasn't
D. weren't
例1下面句子中有一处错误,请用“_______”画出并改正
Our English teacher can plays the pian well.
【答案】plays改为:play
【思路解析】这个句子的主语是ur English teacher我们的英语老师,虽是第三人称单数形式,但要注意情态动词can没有人称和数的变化,后跟动词原形.
回顾总结
1.be 动词有单数is/am,复数are两种形式,be动词不能独立作谓语,后面常跟名词、形容词等作表语.
2.情态动词
我们在小学学习的情态动词有can, may. can一般表示能力,may一般表示请求,情态动词后面接动词原形.
衔接知新
知识清单
1.连系动词
连系动词也叫系动词,是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它不能独立作谓语,后常跟名词、形容词和介词短语等作表语.最常用的系动词是be.此外,实义动词feel感觉,becme 变成,sund 听,smell 闻,taste 尝,lk 看,作为系动词时;它们分别表示“感觉,变得,听起来,闻起来,尝起来,看起来”.如:She lks like beautiful.她看起来很漂亮.(lk在这里是连系动词,与like一起表示“看起来”的意思)
2.情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的能力,对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”“应当”“必要”等.它本身虽有意义,但不完整,不能单独作谓语,必须和动词原形构成谓语.情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,肯定句变否定句时直接在情态动词后面加nt(may变为 can't或mustn't, must变为 needn't),变一般疑问句时将情态动词移至句首.
情态动词 must与have t的基本用法和区别:
(1)must表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意为“必须······”:由must引导的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have/has t,否定回答要用needn't或dn't/desn't have t,意思是“不必”:must的否定形式是mustn't,意为“不准、禁止”.
(2)have t表示客观需要做的事情,意思是“必须,不得不”.使用have t要注意:
①have t有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has t;②含有have t/has t的句子需分别借用助动词d, des构成疑问句或否定句.
过关检测
典题精讲
例2单项选择
(1)The bread smells________ and it sells________.
(2) This kind f clth________ very sft.
【答案】(1)C (2)A
【思路解析】(1)句意:这些面包闻起来很好,而且卖得好.完成这道题时要注意smell和sell这两个词的词性.smell在这里是“闻起来”的意思,是系动词,后要跟形容词作表语:sell意为“卖”,是实义动词,常用副词来修饰.选项中gd是形容词,well是副词.
(2)句意:这种布料手感很软.feel在此句中作感官系动词,意为“······给人某种感觉／(摸上去)给人(某种)手感”.
例3根据句意补充句子
-Must I hand in my hmewrk nw, Mr. Smith?
-N, yu________.
【答案】needn't
【思路解析】句意:“Mr. Smith,我必须现在交家庭作业吗?”“不,你不必.”must构成的一般疑问句,肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn't.
走出误区
这道题很容易错填为mustn't,因为一般情况下,对于一般疑问句的回答,根据习惯,往往会在must后面加nt.但是,mustn't意为“不准、禁止”,所以否定答语不用mustn't而用 needn't.
即时演练
1.在横线上写出下列画线动词的词义
(1)He gets t Beijing. ________
The days get lnger and lnger. ________
(2) The students feel unhappy. ________
I feel the dg's head. ________
(3) Turn left at the crssing. ________
The leaves turn green when spring cmes. ________
(4) The yung trees grw fast. ________
It grws dark. ________
2.单项选择
( )(1)What________ yu d?
( )(2)Visitrs________ walk n the grass in the park.
( )(3)This kind f cake tastes________.
( )(4)Bb can nt g ut t play, because he________ help his dad in the garden.
3.按要求改写句子
(1)He must d his hmewrk nw.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)May I g ut fr a walk?(作否定回答)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(3)Mary一定在图书馆里.(翻译句子)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(4) Jim is able t ride his bike.(同义句转换)
领先训练
Jim________ ride his bike.
强化基础
1.用 may, can, must, have t填空
(1) ________ yu speak English?
(2)We________ wash ur hands befre breakfast.
(3)He________ g t schl n Sundays.
(4)- ________ I smke in this rm?
-N, yu mustn't.
2.单项选择
( )(1)-May I stp my car here?
-N, yu________.
( )(2)-Must we clean the huse nw?
-N, yu________.
( )(3)Jhnny, yu________ play with the knife, yu________ hurt(伤害)yurself.
( )(4)Yu dn't________ wash all the plates after meals.
3.改写句子,保持句意不变
(1) Yu must wash the dishes.=Yu________ ________ wash the dishes.
(2) She can ck well.=She________ ________ ________ ck well.
(3)Wash yur face at nce(立即).=Yu________ ________ wash yur face at nce.
领先巩固
4.下列句子中各有一处错误,请用“________”画出并改正
(1) The flwers smell well. ________改为: ________
(2)He can tastes the sup. ________改为: ________
(3) I haven't t g there. I can make a phne call. ________改为: ________
5.按要求完成句子
(1) Tm can dance.(用sing改为选择疑问句)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)The girl can play the guitar.(就画线部分提问)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(3)他一定在老师的办公室.(翻译句子)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(4) Must I g hme nw?(作否定回答)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
培优挑战
6.完形填空
I have a gd friend. Her name (1) Mary. She (2) frm America. She is (3) China with her father and mther. She (4) speak a little Chinese. She is in the N.15 Middle Schl in Shanghai. Her father and mther (5) teachers. They are in the N.5 Middle Schl. Mary is a gd student. She (6) never late(迟到). But tday she gt up late. S she gt t the classrm at seven thirty. But there (7) any students in the classrm. She wasn't late. She was still early. It was Saturday tday.
中考链接
1.Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting in ur schl.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
2.-Whse skirt is this?
-It ________ be Jane’s. She is the nly girl in the team.
A.mustB.can’tC.mayD.mustn’t
3.- On my way t the supermarket, I saw Jimmy hanging ut with smene.
- It ________ be him. He has gne t Shanghai.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.mightD.culd
4.-Oh, my Gd! I’ll nearly lse my heart.
-Cheer up. Life ________ be perfect all the time.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shuldn’t
5.- ________ I use yur iPad?
-Srry, I’m using it nw.
A.MayB.MustC.Shuld
6.-Can yu play the guitar, Mark?
-Yes, I ________.
A.canB.mustC.will
7.The by ________ be Tm. I saw him reading in the library just nw.
A.shuldn’tB.can’tC.needn’t
8.Accrding t the new regulatin (规定), schl students ________ take their cell phnes t the classrm.
A.wuldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’t
9.The sup ________ a little salty, there is n need t add mre salt.
A.lksB.smellsC.sundsD.tastes
10.Everyne ________ here. Let’s g.
A.amB.areC.is
11.-Hw d yu like this cup f Xinglng Cffee?
-It ________ really great. I’d like anther cup.
A.lksB.feelsC.tastes
12.-Lk! Mr. Li is playing basketball with his students.
-It ________ be him. He has gne t Xi’an.
A.mustn’tB.can’tC.shuldn’t
13.Yu ________ be tired after the whle day’s wrk.
A.mustB.shuldC.canD.wuld
14.-________ I help yu, sir?
-Yes, I’d like t try n thse black shes.
A.WillB.ShuldC.MustD.May
15.-_______ I use yur glue? I’m making a kite.
-N prblem. Here yu are.
A.ShuldB.NeedC.MustD.May
16.Safety cmes first. Everyne n the cach ________ wear the seat belt.
A.canB.can’tC.mustD.mustn`t
17.In the library yu ________ draw r write in the bks, r yu will be fined.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.wuldn’tD.culdn’t
18.The girl is really clever. She ________ speak tw freign languages.
A.canB.mustn’tC.can’tD.need
19.The headmaster ften tells us that students ________ g t swim in rivers by themselves. It’s quite dangerus.
A.mustn’tB.mustC.culdn’tD.culd
20.- Is it imprtant t prtect wild animals, Susan?
- Yes. If we dn’t prtect them, they ________ die ut ne day.
A.needB.can’tC.may
21.-Sir, yu ________ crss the rad when the light is red. Yu knw, building a civilized city(创建文明城市)is ur duty.
-Srry, I wn’t.
A.needn’tB.mustC.can’t
22.-Wilsn, ________ yu help me carry the bx upstairs?
-Sure, n prblem.
A.culdB.needC.shuldD.might
23.-Can I swim in the lake, Mum? It’s s ht.
-N, yu ________. The sign says “N swimming”.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.wuldn’tD.shuldn’t
24.-I dn’t care what Kate thinks.
-Well, yu _______. Her suggestins are f sme value.
A.wuldB.shuldC.mightD.culd
25.-Dad, must I becme a dctr like yu when I finish university in the future?
-N, yu________. Yu can make yur wn decisin and d whatever yu like.
A.dn’t have tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.culdn’t
26.-D yu like pems?
-Yes. I ________ read pems when I was 5.
A.mustB.canC.culd
27.- ________ yu tell us a stry in English?
-I think I can d it. Let me try.
A.NeedB.CanC.ShuldD.Must
28.-_________ I take phts here?
-Srry, yu can’t. It’s nt allwed in the museum.
A.MustB.NeedC.CanD.Will
29.-Excuse me. _______ I sit here?
-Yu’d better nt. It’s the man’s seat.
A.MustB.NeedC.CuldD.Shuld
30.-Can we play games here?
-Better nt. If yu ________, please g t the pen space there.
A.mustB.canC.mayD.willA. well; gd
B. gd; gd
C. gd; well
D. well; well
A. feels
B. smells
C. sunds
D. lks
A. can't
B. can
C. must
D. may
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. must
D. may
A. gd
B. well
C. t be gd
D. t be well
A. can
B. can't
C. has t
D. may
A. needn't
B. may nt
C. can't
D. dn't have t
A. needn't
B. may nt
C. mustn't
D. can't
A. wn't; can't
B. mustn't; may
C. shuldn't; must
D. can't; shuldn't
A. have t
B. must
C. may
D. has t
( )(1)A. am
B. is
C. be
D. are
( )(2)A. cme
B. cmes
C. are
D. g
( )(3)A. in
B. at
C. f
D. frm
( )(4)A. must
B. may
C. can
D. need
( )(5)A. is
B. are
C. be
D. am
( )(6)A. are
B. am
C. be
D. is
( )(7)A. isn't
B. aren't
C. wasn't
D. weren't
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