2024安徽中考英语二轮复习 题型二 阅读理解 （一）选择型阅读理解（课件）

这是一份2024安徽中考英语二轮复习 题型二 阅读理解 （一）选择型阅读理解（课件），共60页。PPT课件主要包含了微技能2 推理判断，surveyed，其他12名渔民，三23，Trees，walking，journey，honest，while，说谎者等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（一）选择型阅读理解
分析安徽近10年中考真题可知，选择型阅读理解呈现以下特点：1. 文体：说明文(10年19考)、记叙文(10年12考)、应用文(10年10考)、诗歌(2023年B篇)；2. 话题：(1)说明文：说明介绍(10年15考)、中西文化(10年3考)、慈善公益(2022年B篇)；(2)记叙文：慈善公益(10年4考)、教育引导(10年3考)、外国名人(10年3考)和生活故事(2021年C篇，2023年A篇)；(3)应用文：网站调研、旅游景点、传统文化、诗歌、机器人、学校生活等。3. 词数：记叙文词数为170~250，生词1~3个；说明文词数为170~260，生词0~4个；应用文词数为110~280，生词0~3个。
阅读理解题型主要考查考生阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力。安徽选择型阅读理解有5种设题方式：细节理解、推理判断、词义/句意猜测、主旨/段落大意和标题归纳。针对不同的设题类型，我们可以运用不同的解题技巧。
微技能1 细节理解
微技能3 词义/句意猜测
微技能5 标题归纳
微技能4 主旨/段落大意
微技能1 细节理解(10年连续考查)
细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。中考英语语篇中对事实细节的考查主要分为两种情况：一是直接细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题可以根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲，得出正确答案。常见的解题方法如下：
Paragraph 1(2021安徽阅读B节选)Mike has started tw technlgy cmpanies. And he has a bigger dream fr the future. “I really want t make things easier fr peple, especially the ld，” Mike explained. “The next, maybe a health care rbt.”1. What is Mike's bigger dream?A. T be a health care wrker. B. T make things easier fr peple. C. T learn cmputer knwledge. D. T start tw technlgy cmpanies.
首先通过题干信息确定关键词；其次在原文中查寻关键词原词或其派生词、近义词或反义词，找相关句子；最后比对选项和原文细节，确定答案。如：第1题：根据题干中的“________________”定位至该段第三句“_________________________________________”，可知Mike更大的梦想是让人们的事情变得更容易。故选________。
I really want t make things easier fr peple
bigger dream
Paragraph 2(2021安徽阅读D节选)61% f the fd waste is frm hme cking. Fd services, such as restaurants, prduce 26% and grceries(食品杂货店) and ther stres 13%. 2.Where is mst fd waste frm? A. Hme cking. B. Restaurants. C. Fd stres. D. Grceries
第2题：根据题干中的“________________”定位至该段第________句，可知大多数食物浪费来自家庭烹饪。故选________。
mst fd waste
相关信息转换法(10年11考)　
Paragraph 3(2021安徽阅读B节选)Mike shwed great learning ability and interest in the “hw” and “why” behind things at a very yung age. He began t study cmputer prgramming at age 5. 　3.When did Mike start t learn cmputer prgramming? A. At age 5. B. At age 7. C. At age 10. D. At age 12.
首先阅读题干，确定关键词，寻读原文相关信息；其次利用同义/近义/反义词复现、同源词复现、词性或语态变化、简化/转换原文复杂表达来确定答案。如：第3题：根据题干中的关键词“_____________________”定位至最后一句，对比题干可知“____________”与原文“_____________”之间为同义转换。故选________。
cmputer prgramming
start t learn
began t study
Paragraph 4(2021安徽阅读B节选)He taught himself n the Internet and put his learning int practice. He has learned 10 languages. Als, he is imprving(提高) anther skill: written cmmunicatin. “My idea is n use t anyne if I can't express it，” he is Mike imprving the skill f written cmmunicatin? A. T learn anther language. B. T make new inventins. C. T better express his ideas. D. T teach himself nline.
第4题：根据题干中的关键词“______________________”定位至最后一句，可知Mike想更好地表达自己的想法。故选________。
written cmmunicatin
微技能2　推理判断(10年44考)
阅读理解中对考生推理判断能力的考查要求考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对文中细节中隐含的信息和语篇逻辑关系的分析作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。
1. 常见设问方式：(1)针对文章中细节的推断：①What can we learn/knw/infer frm the 's wrds？(10年7考 )②Which f the fllwing is TRUE(abut...) accrding t the passage？(10年6考)③We can infer/learn frm the passage/Paragraph X that... (10年4考)④Which f the fllwing best describes...？(2021.66, 2022.87)⑤Frm the passage/paragraph ... /the text we can learn that ________. (2023.84, 2022.80)
(2)根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处：①In which part f a magazine can we read the text？(10年4考)②Where is(des) the passage prbably(cme) frm？(10年3考)③Which part f a newspaper can this passage be taken frm？(2023.87)④These texts are prbably frm ________．(2023.90)
(3)推断文章续写内容和作者写作意图：①What is the purpse f the text? (2021.69, 2023.74)②What is the ending f the stry? (2021.65)③What will the writer talk abut in the last paragraph? (2020.72)
2. 解题技巧： 解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。考生切记，推理判断题必须把握的一个原则：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，而不是对文章细节的直接陈述。
针对文章中细节的推断(10年28考)
Paragraph 5(2021安徽阅读B节选)“Mike des well in all subjects，” his mther said. “When he has difficulties, he will try t find a way ut.” His father was satisfied with Mike's nn­academic(非学业的) achievements. “They mean much mre，” his father said. 5. What can we learn abut Mike's parents? A. They are prud f their sn Mike. B. They help Mike with all subjects. C. They care mre abut Mike's grades. D. They wrk in the same cmpany.
确定题干关键词，对照关键词在文中定位相关线索，然后进行推断，排除错误选项(无中生有、以偏概全、原文信息)。如：第5题：根据Mike父母话语中的关键词“_____________________”及“________________”可推知，Mike的父母为Mike感到自豪。故选______。
dse well in all subjects
was satisfied with
根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处(10年9考)
Paragraph 6(2021安徽阅读A节选)If yu have prblems describing peple, dn't wrry! We'll use ppular film characters(角色) t help yu learn sme useful wrds. 6. In which part f a magazine can we read the text? A. Sprt. B. Travel. C. Envirnment. D. Language.
此类题目可以根据文章的用词和格式推断文章的出处。如：网页的格式、网址；报纸前会出现日期、地点；广告的用词和格式，也可以根据文章主题意义来确定文章是否属于文化、健康、科技等版块。如：第6题：由最后一句中的“_____________________________”可推断出，本文应是出自杂志的语言版块。故选________。
help yu learn sme useful wrds
Paragraph 7(2021宜宾阅读A节选)It is reprted that the cst f living has been rising arund the wrld in recent years. In the study, 214 cities wrldwide were surveyed. S, which cities are the mst expensive t live in?7. Where can we easily find the passage? A. A gegraphy bk. 　 B. A science fictin. C. A survey reprt. 　　 D. A nature magazine.
第7题：根据第________句中的“________________”和“________”可推断出本文应是出自一篇调查报告。故选________。
In the study
推断作者写作意图(2021.69，2023.74)　
Paragraph 8 (2021安徽阅读D节选)Accrding t the finding f a new UN reprt, the wrld wastes abut ne­sixth f the fd each year. That's abut 1，030，000，000 tns, r 121 kilgrams fr each persn n the Earth. ... Then what can we d t stp fd waste? Small actins make a difference. Each f us can play a part. Next time, befre yu thrw, think twice!
8. What is the purpse f the text? A. T cllect mney. 　 B. T call fr actin. C. T get sme advice. D. T express thanks.
作者写文章时的态度和观点往往并不直接写出来，但是在文章的首段或者尾段一般表现得非常明显，考生要重点理解首尾段，提炼作者的观点。如：第8题：根据最后一段首句提出然后“我们应该做什么来阻止食物浪费？”可知，文章的目的是为了___________________________________.故选________。
号召人们行动起来阻止食物的 浪费
巧用数字推断(2020.66，2022.85)
Paragraph 9 (2020安徽阅读D节选)T prtect finless prpises(江豚) and the Yangtze River, the gvernment has stpped peple frm fishing n the river. In 2023, Xia Liuying frmed the vluntary team with 12 ther fishermen. Tday the team has mre than 50 members. All f them are ver 60 years ld. “We want t prtect the river while we can，” said Xia. 9. Hw many members were there in the team when it was frmed? A. 12. 　 B. 13. 　 C. 50. 　　　 D. 62.
解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等得出正确的答案。如：第9题：由题干中的中心词“frmed”可对应到本段第________句，从而得出队伍由________________和________________组成，1+12＝13。故选________。
Xia Liuying
推断文章结尾(2021.65)
Paragraph 10(2021安徽阅读C节选)The next minute I heard the singing f the wagtail again. He was flying back and tw large magpies fllwed. They landed n either side f the yung magpie, and then put their heads in the air and sang excitedly. 10. What is the ending f the stry? A. The magpie brke bth his wings again. B. The magpie flew away with the wagtail. C. The magpie gt tgether with his parents. D. The magpie returned t the writer's hme.
此题目需要抓住最后一段中的细节性描述，从而推断出文章结尾。如：第10题：根据该段第___________句可知小喜鹊被父母包围着，它们头仰天兴奋地唱歌，由此可以推断出，喜鹊和它的父母团聚了。故选________。
推断文章续写内容(2020.72)
Paragraph 11 (2020安徽阅读E节选)The lcal peple f La Gmera can carry n cnversatins by whistling(吹口哨) frm far away. Fr face­t­face cnversatins, they speak Spanish. But when they need t speak ver a distance(距离), they whistle. ... Whistling is ppular at La Gmera, and many methds f whistling are used ... 11. What will the writer talk abut in the last paragraph? A.Disadvantages f whistling. B.Stries f a tp methds f whistling.D.Examples f gd whistlers
文章内容通常具有一定的逻辑性和连贯性，才能使文章脉络清晰。梳理文章结构，根据文章中的提示性语句，可以推断出作者的思路和续写内容。如： 第11题：根据最后一段中的“________________________________”可推知，后文应是接着介绍吹口哨的不同方式。故选________。
many methds f whistling are used
推断代词指代内容(2020.64)
Paragraph 12 (2020安徽阅读C节选)Keeping a diary helps a lt. Studies have shwn that peple wh keep a diary sleep and feel better. It helps peple remember what nce happened such as dreams, friendships and happiness. Writing abut bad feelings can als help brains get ver them and mve n. 12.What des the underlined wrd “them” refer t(指的是)? A. Studies. B. Bad feelings. C. Friendships. 　 D. Brains.
解答此类试题的关键是找到代词所在句，先去除句子的“枝叶”——修饰成分，只留代词所在句子的主干部分，用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。如：第12题：本题画线单词“them”所在句为最后一句，再结合句中“Writing abut bad feelings”可知“them”应指代前文的“________________”.故选________。
bad feelings
Paragraph 13 (2021眉山阅读D节选)Firstly, paper bags and straws are made frm trees. Trees, as yu knw, can reduce(减少) carbn dixide(二氧化碳) levels in the atmsphere. They can slw dwn climate(气候) change. An increase in the use f paper bags can cause mre acts f cutting dwn trees. 13.What des the underlined wrd “They” refer t? A. Plastic prducts. 　　　B. Trees. C. Paper prducts. 　　　　D. Businesses.
第13题：根据代词所在句的前一句可知，画线单词“They”指代前文的“________”。故选________。
微技能3　词义/句意猜测(10年14考)
此类题目在设置时，需要猜测的词汇大都为生难词汇，少量涉及熟词生义(2023.80)，句意猜测多为同义句的转换。考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的技巧。常见设问方式如下：
(1)词义猜测题①What des the underlined wrd “...” in Paragraph ...(prbably) mean？(10年5考)②The(underlined) wrd “...”(in Paragraph ... )(prbably) means “ ________”(in Chinese). (10年6考)(2)句意猜测题①What des the writer mean by the underlined sentence？(2022.82)②The underlined sentence “...” prbably means “ ________．”(2023.85)③What des the sentence “...” mean？(2023.95)
根据上下文语境猜测词义/句意(10年8考)
Paragraph 14(2021安徽阅读C节选)With my care, the yung magpie was ding well, but he was nt happy t find himself in a cage(笼子). Several days later, his wings were fine and nthing else was brken. He recvered. I decided t drive him t where he was fund. When I arrived, I gt the cage ut f the car and pened the dr. I ffered my arm. He jumped nt it and lked arund. I culd see he knew where he was. 14.What des the underlined wrd “recvered” mean? A. 康复　 B. 求救　 C. 挨饿　 D. 唱歌
此类题目需要利用上下文提供的语境和线索进行符合逻辑的综合分析，从而推测词义或句意。如：第14题：根据画线单词所在句的前句中“_____________________”可猜测“recvered”意为“康复”。故选________。
nthing else was brken
通过生活常识猜测词义/句意(2020.67,2022.84)　
Paragraph 15(2020安徽阅读D节选)Every week, the team g alng the river t cllect waste and make sure n ne is fishing n the river. Sme f the waste they cllect is sent t the dispsal statin, while sme that can be reused is sld. S far, they have cleaned ver 50 tns f waste. Thanks t their hard wrk, the Yangtze River is getting clearer. 15. What des the underlined wrd “dispsal” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. 处理　　 B. 传播　　 C. 救护　　　 D. 保养
有些生词我们可以利用科普知识和生活常识推测其含义。已有的生活经验或常识往往会给阅读的理解提供有力的支持。如：第15题：第二句介绍了对所搜集垃圾的两种处理方式，再结合选项和生活常识可推断“dispsal”意为“________”。故选________。
通过举例猜测词义/句意(2022.73)　
Paragraph 16(2022安徽阅读A节选)Flying kitesKites have quite a lng histry. The earliest kites were made f wd, instead f paper. The three mst famus kites are the Beijing kite, Tianjin kite and Weifang kite. Each has its wn feature. Fr example, the bird­shaped kite with lng wings is a special kind f the Beijing kite. 16.What des the underlined wrd “feature” mean in the text? A. 特征　 B. 地貌　　 C. 五官　　　 D. 影片
恰当的举例能够为猜测词义提供重要的线索。如：根据such as, fr example, like, including等词的前后内容，或者破折号前后内容来猜测词义。如：第16题：根据画线单词所在句后一句中的“______________________________________________”可知“feature”意为“________”。故选________。
Fr example,thebird-shaped kite with lng wings
通过同义词或近义词猜测词义(2022.86)
Paragraph 17(2022安徽阅读D节选)He has raised$400，000 fr his Little Red Wagn Fundatin since then. It gives mney t prjects which help hmeless children. In 2007, Zach began walking t supprt a children's charity(慈善组织) in Tampa, Flrida. He finished his jurney 23 days later, 280 miles away in Tallahassee. Then in the summer f 2009, he trekked abut 670 miles frm Atlanta t Washingtn, D. C., in just tw mnths. 17. The underlined wrd “trekked” in Paragraph 3 prbably means “ ______”. A. 延伸　　　 B. 挖掘　　 C. 跋涉　　　 D. 飞行
有时作者为了避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或近义词。因此我们就可以利用同义词或近义词由熟悉的词语来推测不熟悉的词语的含义。如：第17题：由前文中的词汇“___________”与前文“__________”可猜测“trekked”应表示“________”。故选________。
通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义(2023.79)
Paragraph 18(2023安徽阅读B节选)M. Hirsh Gldberg wrte a bk n telling lies. He said in his bk that almst all persns lie abut 200 times a day. In ur daily life, a typical(典型的) lie fr a man is “I did nt drink that much.” and fr a wman is “Nthing is wrng. I'm fine.” It is fund that nurses are the mst hnest peple, while sales peple and pliticians(政客) are the biggest liars. 18.The underlined wrd “liars” prbably means “________”. A. 获利者　 B. 说谎者 C. 影响者　　 D. 领导者
通过反义词猜测词义，一看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but, while, hwever等；二看与nt搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。如：第18题：根据画线单词所在句中的词“________”与前文“________”可猜测“liars”应表示“________”。故选________。
通过定义或释义关系猜测词义(2023.89)　
Paragraph 19(2023安徽阅读C节选)pllute /pə′lu：t/v.[T] 1 t make air, water, sil etc dangerusly dirty and nt suitable fr peple t use: beaches plluted by raw sewage | industrial emissins that pllute the air 2 pllute sb's mind t give smene immral thughts and spil their character: fears that Lawrence's nvels wuld pllute yung minds—plluted adj: plluted rivers—plluter n．[C]pllutin /pə′lu：ʃən/ n. [U] 1 the prcess f making
19. The wrd “pllute” means “ ________”. A. t tell smething t a lt f peple B. wanting t knw abut smething C. a prgramme n the radi r n TV D. t make air, water, sil, etc dirty
如果生词后有定语或同位语，或者使用冒号、破折号、引号等来引出内容，对该生词加以解释或定义，那么理解这些内容就至关重要。如：第19题：阅读这张词汇卡，根据“pllute”的第________个注解可以推断出“pllute”的意思是“_________________________________________”。故选________。
使空气、水、油等非常脏，不适合人们使用
微技能4　主旨/段落大意(10年7考)
主旨/段落大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章内容或段落内容进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义。在涉及文章或段落的主题(main idea)、结论(cnclusin)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学的语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1. 常见设问方式： ①What is/are the... mainly abut？(10年4考) ②The passage is mainly abut... (2022.82) ③The passage mainly talks abut... (2022.80)2. 解题技巧：“主题句定位法”是一种理解全文或段落主旨大意的行之有效的方法。通常有以下方法：
藏龙卧虎(10年6考)
Paragraph 20(2021安徽阅读D节选)Each year, sme 690，000，000 peple g hungry. At the same time, abut 10% f all CO2 n the Earth is frm the activities that prduce the fd waste. Cntrl n fd waste can help deal with hunger and cut dwn that pllutin. It is helpful t bth peple and the planet. By aviding wasting fd, we can save mney and time. Mre imprtantly, we can help prtect the Earth's mst valuable resurces(资源).
20. What is the third paragraph(段落) mainly abut? A. Hw we can prtect the Earth. B. Where we shall find resurces. C. Why we shuld avid fd waste. D. What we will d with pllutin.
主题句隐含在文中，没有明确的主题句时，考生可根据文章细节来分析、概括推出文章主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容，以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点， 然后加以归纳形成主题。如：第20题：本段通过事实数据、控制食物浪费及避免食物浪费的好处三个方面来陈述，综合以上可知主旨应是：_____________________________。故选________。
为什么我们应该避免食物浪费
开门见山(2020.65)　
Paragraph 21(2020安徽阅读C节选)Keeping a diary helps a lt. Studies have shwn that peple wh keep a diary sleep and feel better. It helps peple remember what nce happened such as dreams, friendships and happiness. Writing abut bad feelings can als help brains get ver them and mve n. Persnally, I learn better abut myself and my relatinships with thers by keeping a diary. 21. What is the secnd paragraph(段落) mainly abut? A. Reasns fr fighting with Dad. B. Rules f cmparing with thers. C. Ways f having clear skin. D. Advantages f keeping a diary.
主题句出现在文首。开门见山，点明主题，随之用细节来解释、论证或发展中心思想。这类文章结构一般是总分结构，主题比较明显，在文章的开头就能找出。如：第21题：本段第________句概括本段内容为：_______________.故选________。
微技能5　标题归纳(10年8考)
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属于主旨大意题，是深层理解题。常见的设问方式和解题技巧如下：1. 常见设问方式： ①Which(f the fllwing) might be/culd be the best title fr the text/passage?(10年4考) ②What is/might be/wuld be the best title fr the text/passage?(10年4考)
2. 解题技巧： 通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。所谓概括性，就是指标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题；针对性是对标题外延的一种界定，标题要直接指向文章的主要特点；醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。
关注核心及高频词汇(10年4考)
Paragraph 22(2021安徽阅读E节选)D yu ever give up easily in difficult situatins? If s, imagine yurself as smene with great abilities like Batman(蝙蝠侠). It will help yu feel strng. Yu will nt give up easily and will prbably d better. This is called the Batman Effect(效应). ... And in Grup Three, the children were tld t imagine themselves as Batman and ask themselves, “Is Batman wrking hard？” Researchers fund that the children in Grup Three did the best.
Hw can yu make use f the Batman Effect? Imagine yurself as smene wh is the best fr the task yu are ding... 22.What is the best title(标题) fr the text?A. G and d research! B. Cme and cmplete tasks!C. I can d it! I'm Batman! D. Yu can help! Yu're a helper！
在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。如：第22题：文章开头引出“蝙蝠侠效应”、中间段介绍对这一效应的研究内容、最后又点明了蝙蝠侠效应的作用，“________”一词贯穿全文。故选________。
根据主题句提炼标题(10年4考)
Paragraph 23(2023安徽阅读C节选)Dyne felt that the street children's greatest need was a hme. She fund a piece f land fr sale and bught it with $5，000 she saved frm years f babysitting(当临时保姆). In 2008 the Kpila Valley Children's Hme was set up. With the help frm the cmmunity, anther gal was reached in 2010—the Kpila Valley Schl. Over 350 children nw attend the schl and ver 50 live in the hme. Tday, Dyne lives in the hme and is “mum” t the kids.