初中英语人教新目标七年级下册Unit10—Unit12知识点

这是一份初中英语人教新目标七年级下册Unit10—Unit12知识点，共9页。
七年级英语下册知识点Unit 10 【单词】1.动词过去式： will-would order-ordered answer-answered blow-blew get-got brush-brushed exercise- exercised run-ran clean-cleaned taste-tasted ride-rodedrive-drove stop-stoppedcross-crossed leave-leftdream-dreamed 2.构词法： special(形容词)- specially(副词,注意双写l)large（形容词)- enlarge(动词,make ...large)luck (名词)- lucky (形容词)- luckily(副词)【常考短语】 get popular 受欢迎，流行would like sth(to do) 愿意(做)......;喜欢take one’s order 点菜beef soup 牛肉汤one bowl of… 一碗…...what size 什么尺寸what kind 什么种类a small/ medium/ large bowl一份小/中/大碗的green tea 绿茶orange juice 橙汁around the world 世界各地birthday cake 生日蛋糕the number of… ...…的数量make a wish 许愿blow out 吹灭in/at one go 一口气come true (梦想)实现cut up 切碎bring good luck to...给…...带来好运different kinds of.....不同种类的......be short of... 缺少.....;缺乏......make sb.do sth.让某人做某事【基本句型】1.What would you like?2.--- What kind of noodles would you like? ---I’d like beef noodles, please.3.---What size would you like?---Large, please4.--- Is there any meat in the tomato and egg soup? ----No, there isn’t any./ No, there’s no meat5.If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true【重点语法】 （一）would like的基本用法 would like 无人称，数变化 ，可以缩写成 ‘d like ：would like + n/ pron / to do / sb to dowould like sth.想要某物I would like some apples.我想要一些苹果。would like to do sth.想要做某事My parents would like to meet you.我父母想见见你。would like sb.to do sth.想让某人做某事I'd like you to join us.我想让你加入我们。句型：一般疑问句及其回答1.Would you like a/an/ some……? 你想要…吗? ，表示征求、询问，疑问句中用some表希望得到对方肯定回答。肯定回答:Yes， please否定回答:No， thanks/ thank you. 2.Would you like/love to do……? 你想做……吗? 表建议、邀请肯定回答:Yes/sure， I’d like/love to.否定回答:I’m Sorry/ I’d love to/ I’m afraid not，but…---Would you like some tea?你想喝点茶吗?---Yes， please.是的，我想。---No， thanks.不，谢谢--Would you like to go to the movies with me? 你愿意和我去看电影吗?---Yes， I’d love to.是的，我愿意。---I’d love to，but I’m busy.我想去，但我很忙。拓展：与want, feel like同义，只不过语气更委婉客气，口语中更广泛want to do sth would like to do sthfeel like doing sth（二）可数名词和不可数名词从名词的数上划分，名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。(1)可数名词就是可以以数目来计算的名词。它有单数和复数之分，可以和不定冠词连用。复数通常以-s或-es结尾，还有不规则变化的名词，如 child的复数是 children There are some books on the shelf.架子上有一些书(2)不可数名词就是不能以数目来计算的名词。它没有复数形式，不能和不定冠词搭配。常见的食物类名词多为不可数名词，如 bread、tea、rice等。I want to buy some bread.我想要买一些面包。拓展：不可数名词可以借助“a/an+量词+of”的结构来表示 “一杯/盒…”的概念。如 a cup of tea“ー杯茶”。表示复数时，把不定冠词改为数词，把量词改为复数即可。如two cups of tea两杯茶不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a basket of...一篮 a box of...一盒a block of...一块 a bottle of...一瓶a cup of...一杯 a gust of...一阵a group of...一群 a pair of...一组/双/对 a piece of...ー片(张/块) a pile of...一堆(3)有的名词既可以作不可数名词，也可以作可数名词。如hair泛指“头发”时是不可数名词;如果指“一根头发”时，就是可数名词，如 two hairs“两根头发”。拓展：名词的修饰语(1)只修饰可数名词these这些 those那些 many许多few不多，很少 a few 一些，几个several几个，一些 a couple of两个;几个a pair of一双 a( great/ large) number of许多(2)只修饰不可数名词little 很少，几乎没有 a little 有一点儿much 很多 a bit of 有一点儿a large amount of 大量的a good/ great deal of 很多(3)既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词some 一些 most 大多数的 plenty of 充足的enough 足够的 a lot of 很多 lots of 很多hardy any 几乎没有 the rest of 剩下的【拓展】1.“what+名词”构成的特殊疑问短语有what club 什么俱乐部 what class 哪个班what size 多大尺码 what kind 什么种类what language 什么语言what color/colour什么颜色what time 几点，什么时间what grade 哪个年级2.“动词+out＂的短语小结go out 出去、外出 look out当心、小心put out熄灭、扑灭 set out出发、启程come out 出来、出版run out 跑出去、用完、耗尽work out 算出、解决stay out 不在家、留在户外3.常见的cut短语有cut up 切碎cut down 砍伐、砍倒cut off 切掉、切断cut in line 插队 cut out 剪下、裁剪、删除cut ….into…. 把…分割成，切成4.辨析：1)the number of 表示“…… 的数量”，其后要跟可数名词的复数形式。当＂ the number of...”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。a number of 表示“许多”， number 前可以加 small、large等词来表示程度。“ a number of+复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。The number of the students in our school is very small.我们学校的学生数量很少。A large number of students are playing football.许多学生正在踢足球。2)yet意为“已经”用于疑问句句末，意为“还”用于否定句句末。already意为“已经”常用于肯定句中，强调某动作已经发生或某种情况已经开始存在。still 意为“还, 仍然”多用于肯定句或疑问句，强调原有的状态没有改变。Is your mother back yet?你妈妈回来了吗?I don’t want to go away yet.我还不想离开。It’s already dark.天已经黑了。My mother is still working.我妈妈还在工作。Do you still live in Qingdao?你还住在青岛吗?3) put on“穿上;戴上”，后接衣服、鞋、帽等，强调“穿”这一动作。wear“穿着;戴着”，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰品等，强调“穿着;戴着”这一状态。Can I put on the jeans? 我可以穿上这条牛仔裤吗?She often wears glasses.她经常戴着眼镜。5.I don’t like onions, green tea or porridge.我不喜欢洋葱、绿茶和粥。(教材58页)or此处用作并列连词，意为“或者，和”，常用于否定句中，肯定句中用and.注意：当句中有两个并列成分时， and/or放在这两个成分中间;当句中有三个或三个以上的并列成分时， and/or只用在最后两个成分之间，前面的用逗号隔开。拓展:①or用在选择疑问句中，意为“或;还是”---Is your younger brother tall or short?你弟弟个子高还是矮?---He is tall.他个子高。②or用于肯定句中，意为“或者”。He has a twin sister or brother.他有一个双胞胎妺妺或弟弟。③or用于否定词后，意为“也不”。He never smokes or drinks.他从不抽烟，也不喝酒。④or用于“祈使句+or+简单句”句型中，意为“否则”。Hurry up, or you' ll be late for class.快点儿，否则你将上课迟到。Unit 11【词汇】：1.动词的过去式： be-was/were feed-fed milk-milked grow-grewpick-picked worry-worriedhear-heard get-got listen-listen practice-practicedrelax-relaxed remember-remembered follow-followed save-savedforget-forgot sleep-slept cut-cut kill-killed 2.构词法： farm(n)-farmer paint（n)-painter love(adj)-lovelyslow(adv)-slowly luck (oppo.adj)-unlucky (adv)-unluckily dark(n)-darkness【重点短语】go for a walk 散步 milk a cow 挤奶 ride a horse 骑马 quite a lot 许多 take a photo/photos 照相learn to do sth 学做......learn about...了解......show sb around sp 带......参观......take...home 把......带回家 go fishing 去钓鱼 last week/year 上周/去年 in the countryside在乡下 at night 在夜间 lucky you 你真幸运 go to a farm 去农场 climb the mountain 登山 come out (太阳）出来、出版 draw a picture/picture 画画 go on a school trip 参加学校郊游 along/on the way 在途中 teach sb how to do 教......做......的方法 buy...for...为......买......be interested in...对......感兴趣 not...at all 一点也不......all in all 总之【重点句型】1.你去了动物园吗？没有，我去了农场。Did you go to the zoo?No, I didn't .I went to the farm.2.草莓还新鲜吗？不，不鲜了。 Were the strawberries good? No, they weren't .3.幸运的是，天没下雨，太阳又出来了。 Luckily,it didn't rain,and the sun came out again.4.我们参观了科学博物馆，它真的很有趣。We visited the science museum and it was really interesting .5.途中我们看到了一些农田和村庄。We saw some farms and villages along the way 6.然后导游教我们怎样制作机器人。Then the guide taught us how to make a robot.7.一切都是关于机器人，我对那不感兴趣。Everything was about robots and I'm not interested in that.8.房间真的很黑，照相也很困难。The rooms were really dark and it was difficult to take photos.9.人也太多，我真的看不到，也听不见导游说啥。There were also too many people and I couldn't really see or hear the guide.10.我一点也不喜欢这次郊游。I didn't like the trip at all.【不规则动词过去式】 put-put read-read ride-rode run-ran say-said see-sawsell-sold sing-sang sit-sat sleep-slept speak-spoke spend-spent stand-stood swim-swam take-took Unit 12【词汇】1.动词的过去式： camp-camped stay-stayedshout-shouted fly-flewsurprise-surprised move-moved begin-began jump-jumped wake-woke visit-visited sit-sat skate-skated pay-paid spend-spent enjoy-enjoyed use-used shop-shopped study-studied miss-missed hope-hoped teach-taughttell-told think-thoughtwear-wore write-wrote 2.构词法： nature-natural (adj)visit-visitor (n)tire-tiring/tired (adj)surprise-surprising/surprised(adj)scare-scary/scaring/scared(adj)excite-exciting/excited (adj) 【重点短语】go to the beach 去海边study for a/the test 复习迎考work as... 担任......living habit 生活习惯shout at...对......吼 stay up (late) 熬夜be afraid of...害怕......something interesting 一些有趣的事two weeks ago 两周前take sb to… 带…...去…...go camping 去宿营go shopping 去购物take a long bus ride 坐长途汽车 put up 搭建、张贴、挂起 make a fire 生火keep sb/sth warm 使…保持暖和 cook food 做饭on the first night 在第一天晚上each other 彼此、互相go to sleep/bed 去睡觉 get a terrible surprise 大吃一惊 shout to… 大声喊…...so…that… 如此…...以至于the next morning 第二天早上know about...了解......see sb doing sth 看见…在做… look out of … 往…...外看start to do… 开始做…...wake up 醒来wake sb up 把…...叫醒jump up and down 跳上跳下stay at home 呆在家里feel sb/sth doing 感觉…在做 【重点句型】1.我熬夜看足球比赛。I stayed up late to watch the soccer game.2.上周末既有趣又让人心有余悸。Last weekend was interesting but scary.3.我们在那里搭建帐篷，生火取暖做饭。There we put up our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on.4.我如此疲惫以至于很早就睡觉了。I was so tired that I went to sleep early.5.当我们探头看帐篷外面，却看到一条巨蛇在篝火旁酣睡。When we looked out of our tent,we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire.6.我吓得不敢动。I was so scared that I couldn't move.7.我们大声喊父母，让他们知道我们的危险处境。We shouted to our parents to let them know about the danger.8.这（噪音）惊醒了打蛇，它爬进了湖边的森林。This woke the snake up and it moved into the forest near the lake.9.他还告诉我说重要的是别接近蛇。 He also told me it was important not to go near a snake.10.这对我来说是一个有用的教训。This was a very useful lesson for me.常考短语搭配：1.want to do /want to be; 动词之后+不定式to do作动词want的宾语。类似的词还有:like to do /love to do 喜欢做need to do 需要做would love to do /would like to do 想做I'd love/like to=I would love /like to do我愿意/我想做wish to do 希望做be happy to do 乐于做learn to do 学做start to do/begin to do开始做… 2.want sb to do 想要...做...；动词之后+sb+不定式to do作动词want的复合宾语。类似的还有：need sb to do 需要...做...help sb (to) do 帮助做...tell sb to do 叫…做…teach sb (how )to do 教...做...(的方法)Would love/would like sb to do 想要...做...3.let sb do sth 让...做某事 let+宾语+动词原形作动词let的复合宾语。类似的词有：see sb do sth. watch sb do sth.make sb do sth.4.固定句型： 做...花费...(时间）It takes time to do sth做...花费某某...(时间） It takes sb time/money to do sth...的梦想是做...It's one's dream to do sth 最好做It's best to do sth.it's +adj to do sth.做（…某事）（…怎样）it's +adj for sb to do sth.做（…某事）对某人来说（…怎样） 5.be good at (doing) sth 擅长于（做） be interested in...对...感兴趣be afraid of...害怕...How/What about…?...怎么样/好不好； Thanks for(doing)sth./Thank you for (doing) 因...而感谢...这几个短语词尾以介词结尾，介词后接动词时要用动词的ing形式。 6.see sb doing sth 看见…在做… see+宾语+动词ing形式作，动词see的复合宾语，强调动作的进行。类似的还有： feel sb doing…感觉…在做...watch sb doing sth 观看…做… 7.固定搭配： have a good time doing sthhave fun doing sth 做…很开心 spend…in doing sth花费…做… enjoy doing sth 喜欢做…be busy doing sth 忙于做...finish doing sth完成做...like/love doing 后接动词的ing形式。8.动词go+doing 作go的宾语，表示“去做...”go boating去划船 go fishing 去钓鱼 go camping去宿营go swimming去游泳go shopping去购物go skating去滑冰