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2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模英语试卷
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这是一份2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模英语试卷，文件包含2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模英语试卷原卷版docx、2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一卷
Ⅰ. Listening Cmprehensin (略)
II. Grammar and Vcabulary (20分)
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd: fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
In the fall f 1903, O. Henry was living in a rm at the small Htel Marty in New Yrk City. He had published a few stries in lcal magazines, but was still relatively unknwn when editrs at the New Yrk Wrld newspaper sent a yung reprter _____1_____ (track) dwn this mysterius writer. By the next day, O. Henry had an agreement with the newspaper t write ne stry a week fr the magazine sectin f their Sunday editin. The Wrld had _____2_____ (large) daily circulatin in the wrld, and O. Henry’s stries abut New Yrk life became immensely ppular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years, O. Henry had established his reputatin _____3_____ a gifted stryteller and master f surprise endings.
O. Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Prter, wh was brn in Nrth Carlina. At the age f twenty, he mved t Texas. _____4_____ he held a variety f jbs, eventually becming a bank teller. He married and became a reprter and clumnist fr the Hustn Pst. After a few years, his wife _____5_____ (diagnse) with a serius infectius disease, and he was accused f illegally taking the mney f the bank where he wrked. Sme peple have claimed _____6_____ he was stealing mney t help pay his wife’s medical bills. O. Henry fled t Central America, but his wife was t ill t accmpany him. Mnths later, _____7_____ her cnditin wrsened, he returned and turned himself in t the plice. His wife sn died, and O. Henry spent three years in prisn in Ohi. It was during his time in prisn that he began writing the stries that wuld make him famus. W. S. Prter _____8_____ (emerge) frm prisn as O. Henry.
In 1902 O. Henry mved t New Yrk City and started trying t sell his stries. In a few years his luck changed fr the better, and his psitin with the New Yrk Wrld helped make him a _____9_____ (celebrate) authr. He published mre than three hundred stries and gained wrldwide acclaim. O. Henry’s writing is admired fr its clrful and realistic depictins f the everyday lives f New Yrkers. His stries are knwn fr their plt twists and surprise endings. In fact, O. Henry’s wn life ended with a “twist” — his funeral was smehw scheduled in the same church at the same time as smene else’s wedding! The O. Henry Award ______10______ (hnr) the authrs f the best stries printed each year in American magazines.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Des technlgy replace mre jbs than it creates? What is the ____11____ balance between these tw things? Until nw, that has nt been measured. But a new research prject led by MIT ecnmist David Autr has develped an answer, at least fr U.S. histry since 1940. The study uses new methds t examine hw many jbs have been lst t machine ____12____, and hw many have been generated thrugh “augmentatin (增强),” in which technlgy creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technlgy has replaced mre U.S. jbs than it has generated.
“There des appear t be a faster rate f autmatin and a slwer rate f augmentatin, in the last fur decades. frm 1980 t the present, than in the fur decades ____13____.” says Autr. Hwever, that finding is nly ne f the study’s ____14____. The researchers have als develped an entirely new methd fr studying the issue, based n an analysis f thusands f U.S. census jb categries in relatin t a(n) ____15____ lk at the text f U. S. patents ver the last century. That has allwed them, fr the first time, t quantify the effects f technlgy ver bth jb lss and jb creatin.
The study finds that verall, abut 60 percent f jbs in the U.S. represent new types f wrk, which have been created since 1940. T determine this, Autr and his clleagues ____16____ thrugh abut 35,000 jb categries, tracking hw they emerge ver time. They als used natural language prcessing tls t analyze the text f every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined hw wrds were “embedded” in the census and patent dcuments t ____17____ related passages f text. That allwed them t determine links between new technlgies and their effects n emplyment.
Frm abut 1940 thrugh 1980, fr instance, jbs like elevatr peratr and typesetter tended t get autmated. But at the same time, mre wrkers filled rles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department ____18____, and civil and space engineers. Frm 1980 thrugh 2018, the ranks f cabinetmakers and machinists, amng thers, have been ____19____ by autmatin, while industrial engineers, and peratins and systems researchers and analysts, have enjyed grwth.
Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects f autmatin n emplyment were mre than twice as great in the 1980-2018 perid as in the 1940-1980 perid. There was a mre _____20_____, and psitive, change in the effect f augmentatin n emplyment in 1980-2018, as cmpared t 1940-1980.
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin (45分)
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Mre peple are travelling than ever befre, and lwer barriers t entry and falling csts means they are ding s fr ____21____ perids.
The rise f “city breaks” 48-hur bursts f freign cultures, easier n the pcket and annual leave balance has increased turist numbers, but nt their ____22____ spread. The same attractins have been used t market cities such as Paris, Barcelna and Venice fr decades, and visitrs use the same infrastructure (基础设施) as residents t reach them. “T many peple d the same thing at the exact same time,” says Fnt, an expert in turism. “Fr ____23____, the city n lnger belngs t them.”
In respnse t this situatin, cities have cme up with varius slutins. Fr instance, Amsterdam has started advising visitrs t seek ____24____ utside f the city center n its fficial website. “That takes curage, really, t d that. But nly s many peple will lk at the website, and it means they can say t their residents they’re ding all they can t ____25____ cngestin.”
But it als prpses a better way, which is called “de-turism”: sustainable travel tips and ____26____ schedules fr explring a real Venice, ff the paths beaten by the 28 millin visitrs wh flck there each year.
A greater variety f ____27____ fr prspective visitrs — ideas fr what t d in ff-peak seasns, fr example, r utside f the city center — can have the effect f remving them frm already crwded landmarks, r ____28____ shrt breaks away in the first place. Lnger stays ____29____ the pressure, says Fnt. ‘If yu g t Paris fr tw days, yu’re ging t the Eiffel Twer. If yu g fr tw weeks, yu’re nt ging t g t the Eiffel Twer 14 times.” Similarly, repeat visitrs have a better sense f the____30____, “We shuld be asking hw we can get turists t ____31____, nt hw t get them t cme fr the first time. If they’re cming fr the fifth time, it is much easier t integrate their behavirs with urs.”
Fnt says cities culd stand t be mre ____32____ abut the turists they try t attract when the current metric fr marketing success is hw many there are, and hw far they’ve cme. “Yu’re thinking. ‘yeah but at what cst…’” He pints t unpublished data frm the Barcelna Turist Bard that priritizes Japanese turist fr spending an average f 640 mre per day than French turists — a(n) ____33____ that fails t take int accunt their bigger carbn ftprint. ____34____ turists are als mre likely t be repeat visitrs that cme at ff-peak times, buy lcal prducts, and spread ut t less crwded parts f the city — all prductive steps twards mre ____35____ turism, and mre peaceful relatins with residents.
21. A. lngerB. shrterC. widerD. clearer
22. A. envirnmentalB. natinalC. ecnmicD. gegraphic
23. A. lcalsB. turistsC. visitrsD. cleaners
24. A. transprtsB. accmmdatinC. restaurantsD. service
25. A. causeB. fuelC. transferD. ease
26. A. separateB. individualC. alternativeD. bjective
27. A. refrmB. guidanceC. invitatinD. supprt
28. A. cnvincingB. discuragingC. prmtingD. enjying
29. A. releaseB. enhanceC. remveD. relieve
30. A. cultureB. knwledgeC. entertainmentD. ability
31. A. g withB. bring upC. cme backD. lay ff
32. A. selectiveB. ptimisticC. curiusD. dubtful
33. A. distinctinB. harmnyC. assciatinD. cmparisn
34. A. FrenchB. JapaneseC. SpanishD. German
35. A. cmfrtableB. cmplexC. tempraryD. sustainable
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
My husband and I live near San Luis Obisp, Califrnia, clse t the beach. In Nvember 2023, during the humpback whale migratin, we kayaked (划皮划艇) ut t watch the wildlife. We were in awe watching these graceful whales breach and spray thrugh their blwhles.
At the time, my friend Liz was staying with us. Initially, she refused t jin us n the water, fearing the kayak wuld verturn amng the whales. After sme cajling (劝说) she finally agreed t jin me. The fllwing mrning, we set ut early and had ur first whale sighting just past the pier: tw humpbacks swimming tward us. Hw amazing t be that clse t a creature that size, I thught as the whales dipped under the waterline.
When whales g dwn after breaching, they leave what lks like an il slick n the water. I figured if we paddled tward that spt, we’d be safe frm the whales, since they’d just left. We fllwed them at a distance — r what I thught was a distance. I later fund ut that it’s recmmended t keep 300 feet away. We were mre like 60 feet away.
Suddenly, we were surrunded by jumping silverfish fleeing frm the whales. Befre we culd react, ur kayak was lifted ut f the water abut six feet, bracketed by massive jaws. Liz and I slipped ut f the kayak int the whale’s muth. As the whale’s muth clsed, I felt the creature begin t dive and had n idea hw deep we’d be dragged. Still, I didn’t panic. I just kept thinking. I’ve gt t fight this. I’ve gt t breathe.
Whales have enrmus muths but tiny thrats. Anything they can’t swallw they spit right ut. That included us. As sn as the whale dipped underwater, it ejected us, and we ppped back up nt the surface abut a ft apart. The entire rdeal lasted nly abut 10 secnds.
Other kayakers rushed t ur aid, shcked t see us alive. But I am much mre aware f the pwer f nature and the cean than I was befre. Liz was shaken up, cmparing the rdeal t a near-death experience, and she says her whale-watching days are ver. But even she had t laugh when she gt hme that afternn and realized she’d brught back a suvenir. When she pulled ff her shirt, six silverfish flpped ut.
36 Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. At first, Liz was hesitant t g n the kayaking trip because she was nt interested in whale watching.
B. If Liz and I had maintained a distance f 300 feet frm the whales, we might have avided the subsequent danger.
C. Liz and I slipped int the whale’s muth because jumping silverfish verturned ur kayak.
D. Liz is likely t g n anther whale-watching trip smeday because she fund a precius suvenir frm this kayaking.
37. Hw did the narratr feel during the whale encunter?
A. Terrified and panicked.B. Disriented underwater
C. Calm and fcused.D. Regretful abut ging kayaking.
38. The underlined wrd “rdeal” in Paragraph 5 prbably means____.
A. a challenging r difficult experienceB. a thrilling experience
C. a surprising encunterD. a jyful adventure
39. What wuld be the best title f this passage?
A. Hw t Survive a Whale AttackB. Respecting the Pwer f Nature
C. A Day at San Luis Obisp BeachD. I Survived Being Swallwed By a Whale
(B)
40. Befre the 16th century, hw did captains navigate acrss ceans?
A. The Nrth Star navigated their ships.
B. The magnetic muntains in the Arctic guided their jurney.
C. Magnetic cmpasses helped them maintain the curse.
D. The frces in a magnetic field attracted the ships.
41. Hw did William Gilbert find ut the fact that Earth itself is magnetic?
A. Thrugh trials and errrs.
B. Thrugh sme persnal philsphical speculatin.
C. By acquiring sme flash inspiratin.
D. By studying the ideas f sme philsphers.
42. Which f the fllwing statement might Galile agree with?
A. The earth stays still.
B. Gilbert successfully refuted the laws f magnetic attractin.
C. Gilbert’s findings and cnclusins are sensatinal.
D. The earth has its wn magnetic field.
(C)
Culd yur dg be prne t a fatal disease? Is yur new shelter pup part beagle r bxer? Many pet wners seek answers t these questins and as a result, direct-t-cnsumer dg DNA testing is bming.
Human interfering with dg DNA has lng been the driving factr behind dgs’ breed diversity — r lack theref. But a dg’s DNA can als be used t cnfirm their lineage (血统) r identify their breed, a bn fr pet wners n the lkut fr breed-specific health r behaviral challenges r thse lking t cnfirm their dg really has the heritage claimed by a breeder r seller. During DNA analysis, labs sequence the dg’s DNA and lk fr similarities with a dataset f identified dg breeds.
But breed identificatin isn’t as simple as it might seem. In a study published in the Jurnal f the American Veterinary Medical Assciatin last mnth, scientists lked int the accuracy f breed predictin in cmmercially available DNA tests that required a pht f the dg in additin t its DNA sample. The results were mixed, says Casey Greene, a prfessr wh c-authred the study.
“Mst tests culd accurately distinguish the breed f purebred dgs,” says Greene. But the analysis suggested that sme testing cmpanies might rely n the pht mre than the dg’s actual genetics — and revealed big differences between cmpanies’ business practices and the genetic datasets they use t determine dg breeds.
The researchers submitted phts and DNA f 12 purebred dgs t a ttal f six cmmercial canine (犬的) ancestry identificatin services. Since each pup was purebred and pssessed extensive American Kennel Club paperwrk, the researchers knew their breed cnclusively—but in sme cases they prvided a pht f a different dg t see if the pht influenced the DNA results. One f the cmpanies misidentified a purebred Chinese crested dg — almst entirely hairless — as a lng-haired Brittany spaniel, seemingly based n the pht alne. The ther five did identify the registered breed crrectly, but ften gave different predictins fr ther “ancestr” breeds in dgs whse DNA suggested mixed breeding in prir generatins. The researchers cncluded that veterinarians and pet wners alike shuld “apprach direct-t-cnsumer tests with cautin” given the lack f industry standardizatin and at least ne cmpany’s reliance n phtgraphs instead f DNA analysis.
Despite these cncerns, thugh. dg DNA seems headed fr a glden age — and the insights revealed thrugh further study f Fid’s genme (基因组) have already reached far beynd the dghuse. Dmesticated dgs have emerged as surprising superstars in medical research that benefits humans. Accrding t researchers, that’s just the beginning. With implicatins ranging frm entertaining t cnsequential, there’s n telling what dg DNA will cntinue t unleash.
43. The underlined wrd “bn” in paragraph tw is clsest in meaning t ________.
A. blessingB. substituteC. dutyD. struggle
44. Accrding t the passage, dg DNA testing can serve the fllwing purpses except that ________.
A. it assists in accurately determining the breed a dg belngs t
B. it helps t predict whether dgs are subject t certain diseases
C. it prvides pet wners with insights int dgs’ behaviral challenges
D. it sequences the DNA f identified dg breeds t find their similarities
45. Which f the fllwing statements can be cncluded frm the passage?
A. Phts play a mre significant rle in identifying a dg’s breed than its actual genetics.
B. It is a cmmn phenmenn that the DNA analysis f dgs may yield mixed results.
C. Cmmercial dg DNA tests still have limitatins and shuld be dealt with cautiusly.
D. Direct-t-cnsumer tests vershadw DNA analysis in identifying purebred dgs.
46. What des the passage suggest abut the future f dg DNA testing?
A. Cntrversies regarding its reliability are here t stay.
B. It is bund t make breakthrughs in the fields f medicine and entertainment.
C. It can step int a glden age as lng as sme research limitatins are fixed.
D. It may have far-reaching significance and be applied t a wider range f areas.
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passages. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Until we start t lse ur balance, we barely ntice that it’s there at all. “It starts fr a lt f peple with simple stuff,” says Dr Anna Lwe, an expert n healthy ageing and physical activity. “____47____ It’s easy t either miss the signs r just put it dwn t ageing — but it really is smething yu can affect.”
The key, it is increasingly becming clear, is t address the decline befre it gets serius: and that can happen earlier than yu might think.
What is balance? Technically, it’s the cmplex interactin f several different systems in yur bdy — frm muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear t the sensry system that lets yu recgnise where yur bdy is tuching the grund, alng with mvement receptrs within yur jints that tell yu where yur bdy is in space. ____48____
A lack f balance is, glbally, assciated with serius health prblems. Earlier this year, the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine published the results f a decade-lng study invlving mre than 1,700 middle-aged participants, which cncluded that an inability t balance was assciated with an almst twfld increase in risk f death.
“____49____” agrees Lwe, an assciate prfessr researching strength and balance in midlife. “Older wmen are far less active than lder men, and general activity, just mving arund and ding stuff, affects balance a lt. Single-legged mvements, such as walking lunges, are a great test f dynamic (动态的) balance, but even bilateral mvements, like squats (深蹲), can prvide a challenge.”
____50____ Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights r hiking with a backpack, cmes with a hst f ther prven health benefits, frm imprved bne density t a reduced risk f Alzheimer’s. As Lcker puts it: everyne’s tld t save mney fr their retirement, and nbdy’s taught t save their balance. But bth are difficult t get back nce they’re gne.
A. Early interventins are key, s yu’ve gt t stay active.
B. Perhaps surprisingly, thse wh deal with it have struggled t settle n a single definitin.
C. It’s nt smething we’re brn with, but als it’s nt smething we learn, but an ability that we gain early and lse ver time.
D. Fr sme peple. just try t build in an element f balance and muscle strengthening.
E. Maybe yu used t be able t quickly stand n ne leg t put a she n, and yu’ve stpped ding that at sme pint.
F. Whatever activity yu chse, the lessn is t wrk n yur balance befre yu need t, nt when it becmes an issue.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10分)
51 Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
It seems that deep, lng-lasting happiness cmes frm intangible things, rather than things like chclates and smart-phnes. One essential factr is human relatinships. Peple wh have the supprt f family members and als have strng friendships are mre likely t be happy. Feeling prtected and respected and knwing yu can trust in the peple arund yu is vital. But happiness means yu have t give and take. Perfrming acts f kindness and genersity n a regular basis, fr example, listening t a friend in need r carrying a neighbr’s shpping, will make yu feel n tp f the wrld. Even a simple smile can wrk wnders. In fact, they say that ne smile makes a persn feel as gd as eating 2,000 bars f chclates(nt all at nce, f curse).
It is nt surprising that health is anther key cntributr t happiness. Pr health will certainly make yu feel dwn in the muth. But being healthy and staying healthy require sme effrt. A healthy diet is crucial and s is regular exercise. Laziness will nt make yu happy. Exercising fr 20 t 30 minutes a day helps t reduce stress and anxiety and makes yu feel mre psitive and ptimistic because it releases endrphins(feel-gd chemicals). S, if yu have been feeling blue and wrrying t much abut yur exams, get exercising. Yu’ll als find that yu sleep better.
Talking f sleep, d yu ften wake up feeling miserable? If s, it’s prbably because yu haven’t had enugh f it. Teenagers tend t g t bed t late and have t get up early, s many suffer frm a lack f sleep. Tiredness will certainly affect yur happiness levels and put yu in a bad md. It als affects yur ability t cncentrate and may slw yur grwth. S if yu want t be happy and d well at schl, try t get at least eight hurs f sleep a night. Nw that yu knw the thery, it’s time t put it all int practice.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二卷
Ⅴ. Translatin (15分)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 景区可利用短视频提升知名度，助力文旅宣传。(facilitate) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
53. 他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸以避免受伤。(ritual) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
54. 为缓解人口老龄化的压力，中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人的生活提供支持。(ease) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
55. 网络红包的乐趣在于它的未知性，因为收到红包的人只有打开它时才知道自己到底抢到了多少钱。(until) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅵ. Guided Writing (25分)
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的吴磊，高考结束之后，你的学校组织校友活动，请即将毕业的高三学生进班给高一高二的学弟学妹们传授经验，请结合自身经历写一篇发言稿。你的发言稿须：
1. 描述你在高中三年最大的收获；
2. 就如何过好高中生活，给出你的建议。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A. advances B. cmbed C. net D. heads E. autmatin F. mdest
G cmprehensive H. thinned I. prir J. underlie K. unearth
IN CONTEXT
BRANCH
Gelgy
BEFORE
6th century BCE The Greek thinker Thales f Miletus ntes magnetic rcks, r ldestnes (天然磁石).
1st century CE Chinese diviners make primitive cmpasses with irn spn that can turn arund t pint suth.
1269 French schlar Pierre de Maricurt sets ut the basic laws f magnetic attractin, repulsin, and ples.
AFTER
1824 French mathematician Simén Pissn mdels the frces in a magnetic field.
1940s American physicist Walter Maurice Elsasser attributes Earth’s magnetic field t irn swirling in its uter cre as the planet rtates.
1958 Explrer 1 space missin shws Earth’s magnetic field extending far ut int space.
By the late 1500s, ships’ captains already relied n magnetic cmpasses t maintain their curse acrss the ceans. Yet n ne knew hw they wrked. Sme thught the cmpass needle was attracted t the Nrth Star, thers that it was drawn t magnetic muntains in the Arctic. It was English physician William Gilbert wh discvered that Earth itself is magnetic.
Strnger reasns are btained frm sure experiments and demnstrated arguments than frm prbable cnjectures (推测) and the pinins f philsphical speculatrs.
William Gilbert
Gilbert’s breakthrugh came nt frm a flash f inspiratin, but frm 17 years f careful experiment. He learned all he culd frm ships’ captains and cmpass makers, and then he made a mdel glbe, r “terrella,” ut f the magnetic rck ldestne and tested cmpass needles against it. The needles reacted arund the terrella just as ships’ cmpasses did n a larger scale—shwing the same patterns f declinatin (pinting slightly away frm true nrth at the gegraphic ple, which differs frm magnetic nrth) and inclinatin (tilting dwn frm the hrizntal tward the glbe).
Gilbert cncluded, rightly, that the entire planet is a magnet and has a cre f irn. He published his ideas in the bk De Magnete (On the Magnet) in 1600, causing a sensatin. Jhannes Kepler and Galile, in particular, were inspired by his suggestin that Earth is nt fixed t rtating celestial spheres, as mst peple still thught, but is made t spin by the invisible frce f its wn magnetism.
第一卷
Ⅰ. Listening Cmprehensin (略)
II. Grammar and Vcabulary (20分)
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd: fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
In the fall f 1903, O. Henry was living in a rm at the small Htel Marty in New Yrk City. He had published a few stries in lcal magazines, but was still relatively unknwn when editrs at the New Yrk Wrld newspaper sent a yung reprter _____1_____ (track) dwn this mysterius writer. By the next day, O. Henry had an agreement with the newspaper t write ne stry a week fr the magazine sectin f their Sunday editin. The Wrld had _____2_____ (large) daily circulatin in the wrld, and O. Henry’s stries abut New Yrk life became immensely ppular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years, O. Henry had established his reputatin _____3_____ a gifted stryteller and master f surprise endings.
O. Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Prter, wh was brn in Nrth Carlina. At the age f twenty, he mved t Texas. _____4_____ he held a variety f jbs, eventually becming a bank teller. He married and became a reprter and clumnist fr the Hustn Pst. After a few years, his wife _____5_____ (diagnse) with a serius infectius disease, and he was accused f illegally taking the mney f the bank where he wrked. Sme peple have claimed _____6_____ he was stealing mney t help pay his wife’s medical bills. O. Henry fled t Central America, but his wife was t ill t accmpany him. Mnths later, _____7_____ her cnditin wrsened, he returned and turned himself in t the plice. His wife sn died, and O. Henry spent three years in prisn in Ohi. It was during his time in prisn that he began writing the stries that wuld make him famus. W. S. Prter _____8_____ (emerge) frm prisn as O. Henry.
In 1902 O. Henry mved t New Yrk City and started trying t sell his stries. In a few years his luck changed fr the better, and his psitin with the New Yrk Wrld helped make him a _____9_____ (celebrate) authr. He published mre than three hundred stries and gained wrldwide acclaim. O. Henry’s writing is admired fr its clrful and realistic depictins f the everyday lives f New Yrkers. His stries are knwn fr their plt twists and surprise endings. In fact, O. Henry’s wn life ended with a “twist” — his funeral was smehw scheduled in the same church at the same time as smene else’s wedding! The O. Henry Award ______10______ (hnr) the authrs f the best stries printed each year in American magazines.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Des technlgy replace mre jbs than it creates? What is the ____11____ balance between these tw things? Until nw, that has nt been measured. But a new research prject led by MIT ecnmist David Autr has develped an answer, at least fr U.S. histry since 1940. The study uses new methds t examine hw many jbs have been lst t machine ____12____, and hw many have been generated thrugh “augmentatin (增强),” in which technlgy creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technlgy has replaced mre U.S. jbs than it has generated.
“There des appear t be a faster rate f autmatin and a slwer rate f augmentatin, in the last fur decades. frm 1980 t the present, than in the fur decades ____13____.” says Autr. Hwever, that finding is nly ne f the study’s ____14____. The researchers have als develped an entirely new methd fr studying the issue, based n an analysis f thusands f U.S. census jb categries in relatin t a(n) ____15____ lk at the text f U. S. patents ver the last century. That has allwed them, fr the first time, t quantify the effects f technlgy ver bth jb lss and jb creatin.
The study finds that verall, abut 60 percent f jbs in the U.S. represent new types f wrk, which have been created since 1940. T determine this, Autr and his clleagues ____16____ thrugh abut 35,000 jb categries, tracking hw they emerge ver time. They als used natural language prcessing tls t analyze the text f every U.S. patent filed since 1920. The research examined hw wrds were “embedded” in the census and patent dcuments t ____17____ related passages f text. That allwed them t determine links between new technlgies and their effects n emplyment.
Frm abut 1940 thrugh 1980, fr instance, jbs like elevatr peratr and typesetter tended t get autmated. But at the same time, mre wrkers filled rles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department ____18____, and civil and space engineers. Frm 1980 thrugh 2018, the ranks f cabinetmakers and machinists, amng thers, have been ____19____ by autmatin, while industrial engineers, and peratins and systems researchers and analysts, have enjyed grwth.
Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects f autmatin n emplyment were mre than twice as great in the 1980-2018 perid as in the 1940-1980 perid. There was a mre _____20_____, and psitive, change in the effect f augmentatin n emplyment in 1980-2018, as cmpared t 1940-1980.
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin (45分)
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Mre peple are travelling than ever befre, and lwer barriers t entry and falling csts means they are ding s fr ____21____ perids.
The rise f “city breaks” 48-hur bursts f freign cultures, easier n the pcket and annual leave balance has increased turist numbers, but nt their ____22____ spread. The same attractins have been used t market cities such as Paris, Barcelna and Venice fr decades, and visitrs use the same infrastructure (基础设施) as residents t reach them. “T many peple d the same thing at the exact same time,” says Fnt, an expert in turism. “Fr ____23____, the city n lnger belngs t them.”
In respnse t this situatin, cities have cme up with varius slutins. Fr instance, Amsterdam has started advising visitrs t seek ____24____ utside f the city center n its fficial website. “That takes curage, really, t d that. But nly s many peple will lk at the website, and it means they can say t their residents they’re ding all they can t ____25____ cngestin.”
But it als prpses a better way, which is called “de-turism”: sustainable travel tips and ____26____ schedules fr explring a real Venice, ff the paths beaten by the 28 millin visitrs wh flck there each year.
A greater variety f ____27____ fr prspective visitrs — ideas fr what t d in ff-peak seasns, fr example, r utside f the city center — can have the effect f remving them frm already crwded landmarks, r ____28____ shrt breaks away in the first place. Lnger stays ____29____ the pressure, says Fnt. ‘If yu g t Paris fr tw days, yu’re ging t the Eiffel Twer. If yu g fr tw weeks, yu’re nt ging t g t the Eiffel Twer 14 times.” Similarly, repeat visitrs have a better sense f the____30____, “We shuld be asking hw we can get turists t ____31____, nt hw t get them t cme fr the first time. If they’re cming fr the fifth time, it is much easier t integrate their behavirs with urs.”
Fnt says cities culd stand t be mre ____32____ abut the turists they try t attract when the current metric fr marketing success is hw many there are, and hw far they’ve cme. “Yu’re thinking. ‘yeah but at what cst…’” He pints t unpublished data frm the Barcelna Turist Bard that priritizes Japanese turist fr spending an average f 640 mre per day than French turists — a(n) ____33____ that fails t take int accunt their bigger carbn ftprint. ____34____ turists are als mre likely t be repeat visitrs that cme at ff-peak times, buy lcal prducts, and spread ut t less crwded parts f the city — all prductive steps twards mre ____35____ turism, and mre peaceful relatins with residents.
21. A. lngerB. shrterC. widerD. clearer
22. A. envirnmentalB. natinalC. ecnmicD. gegraphic
23. A. lcalsB. turistsC. visitrsD. cleaners
24. A. transprtsB. accmmdatinC. restaurantsD. service
25. A. causeB. fuelC. transferD. ease
26. A. separateB. individualC. alternativeD. bjective
27. A. refrmB. guidanceC. invitatinD. supprt
28. A. cnvincingB. discuragingC. prmtingD. enjying
29. A. releaseB. enhanceC. remveD. relieve
30. A. cultureB. knwledgeC. entertainmentD. ability
31. A. g withB. bring upC. cme backD. lay ff
32. A. selectiveB. ptimisticC. curiusD. dubtful
33. A. distinctinB. harmnyC. assciatinD. cmparisn
34. A. FrenchB. JapaneseC. SpanishD. German
35. A. cmfrtableB. cmplexC. tempraryD. sustainable
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
My husband and I live near San Luis Obisp, Califrnia, clse t the beach. In Nvember 2023, during the humpback whale migratin, we kayaked (划皮划艇) ut t watch the wildlife. We were in awe watching these graceful whales breach and spray thrugh their blwhles.
At the time, my friend Liz was staying with us. Initially, she refused t jin us n the water, fearing the kayak wuld verturn amng the whales. After sme cajling (劝说) she finally agreed t jin me. The fllwing mrning, we set ut early and had ur first whale sighting just past the pier: tw humpbacks swimming tward us. Hw amazing t be that clse t a creature that size, I thught as the whales dipped under the waterline.
When whales g dwn after breaching, they leave what lks like an il slick n the water. I figured if we paddled tward that spt, we’d be safe frm the whales, since they’d just left. We fllwed them at a distance — r what I thught was a distance. I later fund ut that it’s recmmended t keep 300 feet away. We were mre like 60 feet away.
Suddenly, we were surrunded by jumping silverfish fleeing frm the whales. Befre we culd react, ur kayak was lifted ut f the water abut six feet, bracketed by massive jaws. Liz and I slipped ut f the kayak int the whale’s muth. As the whale’s muth clsed, I felt the creature begin t dive and had n idea hw deep we’d be dragged. Still, I didn’t panic. I just kept thinking. I’ve gt t fight this. I’ve gt t breathe.
Whales have enrmus muths but tiny thrats. Anything they can’t swallw they spit right ut. That included us. As sn as the whale dipped underwater, it ejected us, and we ppped back up nt the surface abut a ft apart. The entire rdeal lasted nly abut 10 secnds.
Other kayakers rushed t ur aid, shcked t see us alive. But I am much mre aware f the pwer f nature and the cean than I was befre. Liz was shaken up, cmparing the rdeal t a near-death experience, and she says her whale-watching days are ver. But even she had t laugh when she gt hme that afternn and realized she’d brught back a suvenir. When she pulled ff her shirt, six silverfish flpped ut.
36 Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. At first, Liz was hesitant t g n the kayaking trip because she was nt interested in whale watching.
B. If Liz and I had maintained a distance f 300 feet frm the whales, we might have avided the subsequent danger.
C. Liz and I slipped int the whale’s muth because jumping silverfish verturned ur kayak.
D. Liz is likely t g n anther whale-watching trip smeday because she fund a precius suvenir frm this kayaking.
37. Hw did the narratr feel during the whale encunter?
A. Terrified and panicked.B. Disriented underwater
C. Calm and fcused.D. Regretful abut ging kayaking.
38. The underlined wrd “rdeal” in Paragraph 5 prbably means____.
A. a challenging r difficult experienceB. a thrilling experience
C. a surprising encunterD. a jyful adventure
39. What wuld be the best title f this passage?
A. Hw t Survive a Whale AttackB. Respecting the Pwer f Nature
C. A Day at San Luis Obisp BeachD. I Survived Being Swallwed By a Whale
(B)
40. Befre the 16th century, hw did captains navigate acrss ceans?
A. The Nrth Star navigated their ships.
B. The magnetic muntains in the Arctic guided their jurney.
C. Magnetic cmpasses helped them maintain the curse.
D. The frces in a magnetic field attracted the ships.
41. Hw did William Gilbert find ut the fact that Earth itself is magnetic?
A. Thrugh trials and errrs.
B. Thrugh sme persnal philsphical speculatin.
C. By acquiring sme flash inspiratin.
D. By studying the ideas f sme philsphers.
42. Which f the fllwing statement might Galile agree with?
A. The earth stays still.
B. Gilbert successfully refuted the laws f magnetic attractin.
C. Gilbert’s findings and cnclusins are sensatinal.
D. The earth has its wn magnetic field.
(C)
Culd yur dg be prne t a fatal disease? Is yur new shelter pup part beagle r bxer? Many pet wners seek answers t these questins and as a result, direct-t-cnsumer dg DNA testing is bming.
Human interfering with dg DNA has lng been the driving factr behind dgs’ breed diversity — r lack theref. But a dg’s DNA can als be used t cnfirm their lineage (血统) r identify their breed, a bn fr pet wners n the lkut fr breed-specific health r behaviral challenges r thse lking t cnfirm their dg really has the heritage claimed by a breeder r seller. During DNA analysis, labs sequence the dg’s DNA and lk fr similarities with a dataset f identified dg breeds.
But breed identificatin isn’t as simple as it might seem. In a study published in the Jurnal f the American Veterinary Medical Assciatin last mnth, scientists lked int the accuracy f breed predictin in cmmercially available DNA tests that required a pht f the dg in additin t its DNA sample. The results were mixed, says Casey Greene, a prfessr wh c-authred the study.
“Mst tests culd accurately distinguish the breed f purebred dgs,” says Greene. But the analysis suggested that sme testing cmpanies might rely n the pht mre than the dg’s actual genetics — and revealed big differences between cmpanies’ business practices and the genetic datasets they use t determine dg breeds.
The researchers submitted phts and DNA f 12 purebred dgs t a ttal f six cmmercial canine (犬的) ancestry identificatin services. Since each pup was purebred and pssessed extensive American Kennel Club paperwrk, the researchers knew their breed cnclusively—but in sme cases they prvided a pht f a different dg t see if the pht influenced the DNA results. One f the cmpanies misidentified a purebred Chinese crested dg — almst entirely hairless — as a lng-haired Brittany spaniel, seemingly based n the pht alne. The ther five did identify the registered breed crrectly, but ften gave different predictins fr ther “ancestr” breeds in dgs whse DNA suggested mixed breeding in prir generatins. The researchers cncluded that veterinarians and pet wners alike shuld “apprach direct-t-cnsumer tests with cautin” given the lack f industry standardizatin and at least ne cmpany’s reliance n phtgraphs instead f DNA analysis.
Despite these cncerns, thugh. dg DNA seems headed fr a glden age — and the insights revealed thrugh further study f Fid’s genme (基因组) have already reached far beynd the dghuse. Dmesticated dgs have emerged as surprising superstars in medical research that benefits humans. Accrding t researchers, that’s just the beginning. With implicatins ranging frm entertaining t cnsequential, there’s n telling what dg DNA will cntinue t unleash.
43. The underlined wrd “bn” in paragraph tw is clsest in meaning t ________.
A. blessingB. substituteC. dutyD. struggle
44. Accrding t the passage, dg DNA testing can serve the fllwing purpses except that ________.
A. it assists in accurately determining the breed a dg belngs t
B. it helps t predict whether dgs are subject t certain diseases
C. it prvides pet wners with insights int dgs’ behaviral challenges
D. it sequences the DNA f identified dg breeds t find their similarities
45. Which f the fllwing statements can be cncluded frm the passage?
A. Phts play a mre significant rle in identifying a dg’s breed than its actual genetics.
B. It is a cmmn phenmenn that the DNA analysis f dgs may yield mixed results.
C. Cmmercial dg DNA tests still have limitatins and shuld be dealt with cautiusly.
D. Direct-t-cnsumer tests vershadw DNA analysis in identifying purebred dgs.
46. What des the passage suggest abut the future f dg DNA testing?
A. Cntrversies regarding its reliability are here t stay.
B. It is bund t make breakthrughs in the fields f medicine and entertainment.
C. It can step int a glden age as lng as sme research limitatins are fixed.
D. It may have far-reaching significance and be applied t a wider range f areas.
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passages. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Until we start t lse ur balance, we barely ntice that it’s there at all. “It starts fr a lt f peple with simple stuff,” says Dr Anna Lwe, an expert n healthy ageing and physical activity. “____47____ It’s easy t either miss the signs r just put it dwn t ageing — but it really is smething yu can affect.”
The key, it is increasingly becming clear, is t address the decline befre it gets serius: and that can happen earlier than yu might think.
What is balance? Technically, it’s the cmplex interactin f several different systems in yur bdy — frm muscles, nerves, eyesight and the inner ear t the sensry system that lets yu recgnise where yur bdy is tuching the grund, alng with mvement receptrs within yur jints that tell yu where yur bdy is in space. ____48____
A lack f balance is, glbally, assciated with serius health prblems. Earlier this year, the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine published the results f a decade-lng study invlving mre than 1,700 middle-aged participants, which cncluded that an inability t balance was assciated with an almst twfld increase in risk f death.
“____49____” agrees Lwe, an assciate prfessr researching strength and balance in midlife. “Older wmen are far less active than lder men, and general activity, just mving arund and ding stuff, affects balance a lt. Single-legged mvements, such as walking lunges, are a great test f dynamic (动态的) balance, but even bilateral mvements, like squats (深蹲), can prvide a challenge.”
____50____ Resistance exercise, whether that means lifting weights r hiking with a backpack, cmes with a hst f ther prven health benefits, frm imprved bne density t a reduced risk f Alzheimer’s. As Lcker puts it: everyne’s tld t save mney fr their retirement, and nbdy’s taught t save their balance. But bth are difficult t get back nce they’re gne.
A. Early interventins are key, s yu’ve gt t stay active.
B. Perhaps surprisingly, thse wh deal with it have struggled t settle n a single definitin.
C. It’s nt smething we’re brn with, but als it’s nt smething we learn, but an ability that we gain early and lse ver time.
D. Fr sme peple. just try t build in an element f balance and muscle strengthening.
E. Maybe yu used t be able t quickly stand n ne leg t put a she n, and yu’ve stpped ding that at sme pint.
F. Whatever activity yu chse, the lessn is t wrk n yur balance befre yu need t, nt when it becmes an issue.
Ⅳ. Summary Writing (10分)
51 Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
It seems that deep, lng-lasting happiness cmes frm intangible things, rather than things like chclates and smart-phnes. One essential factr is human relatinships. Peple wh have the supprt f family members and als have strng friendships are mre likely t be happy. Feeling prtected and respected and knwing yu can trust in the peple arund yu is vital. But happiness means yu have t give and take. Perfrming acts f kindness and genersity n a regular basis, fr example, listening t a friend in need r carrying a neighbr’s shpping, will make yu feel n tp f the wrld. Even a simple smile can wrk wnders. In fact, they say that ne smile makes a persn feel as gd as eating 2,000 bars f chclates(nt all at nce, f curse).
It is nt surprising that health is anther key cntributr t happiness. Pr health will certainly make yu feel dwn in the muth. But being healthy and staying healthy require sme effrt. A healthy diet is crucial and s is regular exercise. Laziness will nt make yu happy. Exercising fr 20 t 30 minutes a day helps t reduce stress and anxiety and makes yu feel mre psitive and ptimistic because it releases endrphins(feel-gd chemicals). S, if yu have been feeling blue and wrrying t much abut yur exams, get exercising. Yu’ll als find that yu sleep better.
Talking f sleep, d yu ften wake up feeling miserable? If s, it’s prbably because yu haven’t had enugh f it. Teenagers tend t g t bed t late and have t get up early, s many suffer frm a lack f sleep. Tiredness will certainly affect yur happiness levels and put yu in a bad md. It als affects yur ability t cncentrate and may slw yur grwth. S if yu want t be happy and d well at schl, try t get at least eight hurs f sleep a night. Nw that yu knw the thery, it’s time t put it all int practice.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二卷
Ⅴ. Translatin (15分)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 景区可利用短视频提升知名度，助力文旅宣传。(facilitate) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
53. 他运动之前习惯热身和拉伸以避免受伤。(ritual) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
54. 为缓解人口老龄化的压力，中国政府正在建立更多的社区机构来为老年人的生活提供支持。(ease) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
55. 网络红包的乐趣在于它的未知性，因为收到红包的人只有打开它时才知道自己到底抢到了多少钱。(until) (汉译英)
___________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅵ. Guided Writing (25分)
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的吴磊，高考结束之后，你的学校组织校友活动，请即将毕业的高三学生进班给高一高二的学弟学妹们传授经验，请结合自身经历写一篇发言稿。你的发言稿须：
1. 描述你在高中三年最大的收获；
2. 就如何过好高中生活，给出你的建议。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A. advances B. cmbed C. net D. heads E. autmatin F. mdest
G cmprehensive H. thinned I. prir J. underlie K. unearth
IN CONTEXT
BRANCH
Gelgy
BEFORE
6th century BCE The Greek thinker Thales f Miletus ntes magnetic rcks, r ldestnes (天然磁石).
1st century CE Chinese diviners make primitive cmpasses with irn spn that can turn arund t pint suth.
1269 French schlar Pierre de Maricurt sets ut the basic laws f magnetic attractin, repulsin, and ples.
AFTER
1824 French mathematician Simén Pissn mdels the frces in a magnetic field.
1940s American physicist Walter Maurice Elsasser attributes Earth’s magnetic field t irn swirling in its uter cre as the planet rtates.
1958 Explrer 1 space missin shws Earth’s magnetic field extending far ut int space.
By the late 1500s, ships’ captains already relied n magnetic cmpasses t maintain their curse acrss the ceans. Yet n ne knew hw they wrked. Sme thught the cmpass needle was attracted t the Nrth Star, thers that it was drawn t magnetic muntains in the Arctic. It was English physician William Gilbert wh discvered that Earth itself is magnetic.
Strnger reasns are btained frm sure experiments and demnstrated arguments than frm prbable cnjectures (推测) and the pinins f philsphical speculatrs.
William Gilbert
Gilbert’s breakthrugh came nt frm a flash f inspiratin, but frm 17 years f careful experiment. He learned all he culd frm ships’ captains and cmpass makers, and then he made a mdel glbe, r “terrella,” ut f the magnetic rck ldestne and tested cmpass needles against it. The needles reacted arund the terrella just as ships’ cmpasses did n a larger scale—shwing the same patterns f declinatin (pinting slightly away frm true nrth at the gegraphic ple, which differs frm magnetic nrth) and inclinatin (tilting dwn frm the hrizntal tward the glbe).
Gilbert cncluded, rightly, that the entire planet is a magnet and has a cre f irn. He published his ideas in the bk De Magnete (On the Magnet) in 1600, causing a sensatin. Jhannes Kepler and Galile, in particular, were inspired by his suggestin that Earth is nt fixed t rtating celestial spheres, as mst peple still thught, but is made t spin by the invisible frce f its wn magnetism.
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