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第18讲 阅读理解重难题型：说明文（基础版）（测试）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（解析版）
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这是一份第18讲 阅读理解重难题型：说明文（基础版）（测试）-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（解析版），共19页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分100分)等内容，欢迎下载使用。
说明文（基础版）
姓名__________ 得分________
阅读理解 (共40小题，每题2.5分，满分100分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1.（2023·江苏扬州·扬州中学校考模拟预测）
With an abundance f sun and wind, Spain is psitining itself as Eurpe’s future leader in green hydrgen prductin t clean up heavy industries. But sme energy experts express cautin because this prcess relies n massive availability f zer-carbn electricity.
Green hydrgen is created when renewable energy surces pwer an electrical current that runs thrugh water, separating its hydrgen and xygen mlecules (分子). The prcess desn’t prduce planet-warming carbn dixide, but less than 0.1% f glbal hydrgen prductin is currently created in this way.
The separated hydrgen can be used in the prductin f steel, ammnia (氨) and chemical prducts, all f which require industrial prcesses that are harder t stp fssil fuels. Hydrgen als can be used as a transprtatin fuel, which culd ne day transfrm the highly plluting shipping and aviatin sectrs.
Spain’s large, windswept and thinly ppulated territry receives mre than 2,500 hurs f sunshine n average per year, prviding ideal cnditins fr wind and slar energy, and therefre green hydrgen prductin.
“If yu lk at where hydrgen is ging t be prduced in Eurpe in the next millin years, it’s in tw cuntries, Spain and Prtugal,” said Thierry Lepercq, the funder and president f HyDeal Ambitin, an industry platfrm bringing tgether 30 cmpanies. “Hydrgen is the new il.”
Lepercq is wrking with cmpanies like Spanish gas pipeline crpratin Enagas and glbal steel giant ArcelrMittal t design an end-t-end mdel fr hydrgen prductin, distributin and supply at a cmpetitive price. Criticism has centered n green hydrgen’s higher cst cmpared with highly-plluting “gray hydrgen” drawn frm natural gas. Lepercq argues that slar energy prduced in Spain is priced lw enugh t cmpete.
Glbally, Lepercq said, “Electricity is 20% f energy cnsumptin. What abut the 80% that is nt electrified? ... Yu need t replace thse fssil fuels. Nt in 50 years’ time. Yu need t replace them nw.”
1．Why are sme experts cautius abut green hydrgen prductin in Spain?
A．It needs large amunts f sun and wind.B．It has an effect n heavy industries.
C．It causes cnflicts amng cuntries.D．It uses lts f zer-carbn electricity.
2．What is the advantage f green hydrgen prductin in Spain?
A．Ideal gegraphical cnditins.B．The supprt frm gvernment.
C．Hydrgen prductin technlgy.D．Well-develped public transprts.
3．What can be inferred abut green hydrgen in Spain accrding t Lepercq?
A．It is highly priced.B．It is easy t stre.
C．It is cmpetitive.D．It is highly-plluting.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Spain manages t use zer-carbn electricity.B．Spain struggles t lead EU in heavy industry.
C．Spain takes the lead in preventing air pllutin.D．Spain replaces fssil fuel with green hydrgen.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了凭借充足的阳光和风，西班牙将成为欧洲绿色氢生产的未来领导者。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But sme energy experts express cautin because this prcess relies n massive availability f zer-carbn electricity.(但一些能源专家表示谨慎，因为这一过程依赖于零碳电力的大量可用性)”可知，一些能源专家表示谨慎是因为这一过程依赖于零碳电力的大量可用性。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Spain’s large, windswept and thinly ppulated territry receives mre than 2,500 hurs f sunshine n average per year, prviding ideal cnditins fr wind and slar energy, and therefre green hydrgen prductin.(西班牙面积大，多风，人口稀少，每年平均日照超过2500小时，为风能和太阳能提供了理想的条件，因此也为绿色氢生产提供了理想的条件)”可知，西班牙绿色氢生产的一大优势就是其优越的地理条件。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Lepercq is wrking with cmpanies like Spanish gas pipeline crpratin Enagas and glbal steel giant ArcelrMittal t design an end-t-end mdel fr hydrgen prductin, distributin and supply at a cmpetitive price. Criticism has centered n green hydrgen’s higher cst cmpared with highly-plluting “gray hydrgen” drawn frm natural gas. Lepercq argues that slar energy prduced in Spain is priced lw enugh t cmpete.(Lepercq正在与西班牙天然气管道公司Enagas和全球钢铁巨头ArcelrMittal公司合作，设计一种端到端的氢气生产、分销和供应模式，价格具有竞争力。批评的焦点是，与从天然气中提取的高污染“灰氢”相比，绿色氢的成本更高。Lepercq认为，西班牙生产的太阳能价格足够低，具有竞争力)”可知，Lepercq认为西班牙的绿氢生产极具竞争性。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With an abundance f sun and wind, Spain is psitining itself as Eurpe’s future leader in green hydrgen (氢气) prductin t clean up heavy industries.(凭借充足的阳光和风，西班牙将自己定位为清洁重工业的绿色氢生产的欧洲的未来领导者)”以及第四段“Spain’s large, windswept and thinly ppulated territry receives mre than 2,500 hurs f sunshine n average per year, prviding ideal cnditins fr wind and slar energy, and therefre green hydrgen prductin.(西班牙面积大，多风，人口稀少，每年平均日照超过2500小时，为风能和太阳能提供了理想的条件，因此也为绿色氢生产提供了理想的条件)”根据最后一段“Yu need t replace thse fssil fuels. Nt in 50 years’ time. Yu need t replace them nw.”（你需要替代那些化石燃料）可知，本文主要介绍的是西班牙凭借充足的阳光和风打算用绿色氢来取代化石燃料。由此可知，D选项“西班牙用绿色氢取代化石燃料”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
2.（2023·江苏泰州·统考模拟预测）
When yu enjy yur mrning cup f tea, yu are prbably nt aware that thse tea leaves can mean injury, r even death, fr Asian elephants wandering Indian tea gardens.
In the Indian state f Assam, grwing numbers f tea farms are destrying the Asian elephant’s habitats and endangering their ppulatin. Much f the frest land where tea is grwn in Assam is flat and thus farmers must dig drainage trenches r small channels t prevent water frm accumulating and hurting the plants. The trenches, hwever, can be death traps fr the elephants.
Since the elephants need t use tea plantatins as landmarks when traveling in frests, they almst unavidably have t mve thrugh the farms. Mrever, because there are fewer humans arund, pregnant females ften use tea-grwing areas as safe shelters t give birth. But baby elephants, still nt used t rugh grund may easily fall int the trenches and get hurt. Once injured, they might nt be able t climb ut. When mthers try t dig their babies ut, bth may be trapped in thick mud, even be killed. Furthermre, elephants are knwn t resist leaving their sick r dying behind, and a grup may stay at a trench with a trapped baby fr hurs, unwilling t mve n until all hpe is lst.
Is there pssibility fr elephants t live in harmny with the bming tea business? Elephant Friendly Tea is an rganizatin that takes the initiative t make it pssible. The rganizatin encurages cnsumers t chse brands that take an active part in elephants prtectin, and has established a certificatin prgram t reward tea grwers wh are ding it right. Until nw, nly smaller tea brands have been certified, but awareness is grwing. The rganizatin believes that peple may be encuraged t buy elephant-friendly brands when they knw mre abut the risk tea can cause t these endangered animals.
5．Why d farmers in Assam dig trenches?
A．T trap elephants.B．T mark bundaries.
C．T prtect tea trees.D．T expand tea farms.
6．What can we say abut baby elephants?
A．They get stuck by the sharp branches f the tea trees.
B．They have difficulty mving arund the uneven fields.
C．They might miss the landmarks while travelling in frests.
D．They fail t find a safe shelter when climbing ut f trenches.
7．What des “it” underlined in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Encuraging cnsumers t chse high-quality brands.
B．Rewarding tea grwers fr prtecting the envirnment.
C．Prmting elephant-friendly trenches and rganizatins.
D．Creating a win-win situatin fr elephants and tea farms.
8．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．The Trenches Pse Threats t Elephants
B．Habitat Lss Affects Endangered Animals
C．Grwth f Tea Gardens Benefits Plantatin
D．Farms Spnsr Envirnmental Organizatins
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了茶叶种植对亚洲象的生存环境造成威胁及Elephant Friendly Tea组织为保证大象安全和茶叶生意的发展做出的努力。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Much f the frest land where tea is grwn in Assam is flat and thus farmers must dig drainage trenches r small channels t prevent water frm accumulating and hurting the plants.”（大部分阿萨姆邦种植茶叶的林地都是平坦的，因此农民必须挖排水沟或小渠道，以防止雨水积聚和伤害植物。）可知，茶农挖沟渠是为了避免雨水集聚而损害茶树。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But baby elephants, still nt used t rugh grund may easily fall int the trenches and get hurt.”（但是小象还不习惯粗糙的地面，很容易掉进沟渠里受伤。）可知，在不平整的地面上行走，小象面临许多困难，很容易掉进沟渠里。故选B项。
7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Is there pssibility fr elephants t live in harmny with the bming tea business? Elephant Friendly Tea is an rganizatin that takes the initiative t make it pssible.”（大象有可能与蓬勃发展的茶业和谐相处吗?Elephant Friendly Tea是一个主动采取行动使it成为可能的组织。）可知，该组织采取行动，致力于保证大象安全和茶叶生意的发展，此处it指代上文提到的“elephants t live in harmny with the bming tea business”，即大象保护和茶业发展的双赢局面。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In the Indian state f Assam, grwing numbers f tea farms are destrying the Asian elephant’s habitats and endangering their ppulatin.”（在印度阿萨姆邦，越来越多的茶园正在破坏亚洲象的栖息地，并危及它们的数量。）及“The trenches, hwever, can be death traps fr the elephants.”（然而，沟渠对大象来说可能是死亡陷阱。）并结合下文茶农挖的沟渠对大象的具体危害的描述可知，本文主要介绍了茶叶种植尤其是茶园内的沟渠对亚洲象的生存环境造成了威胁。故选A项。
（2023·江西省宜丰中学校考阶段练习）
Sme peple say that the planet is getting smaller, that there are few places left t explre, and that the age f explratin will be ver sn.
I wuld argue instead that there has never been a greater need t explre. That’s because the stage fr all explratin is the natural wrld, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline. It is by explring that we understand and when we understand we develp an appreciatin fr what is fund. Ultimately, nly the things we appreciate are wrth prtecting.
As the glden age f explratin weakens, s des the richness f life n Earth. It isn’t just that there are fewer blank areas n the map; it is that wild places and spaces have been prgressively carved up (瓜分). Visiting the Okavang Delta r Kalahari Desert, fr example, n lnger implies a self-supprted expeditin. Field statins pp up in imprtant natinal parks and remte sensing by satellite becmes cmmnplace.
In the next century, I believe we will need larger and wilder areas. We will need the wilderness, nt just fr the prtectin f it, but because it is an imprtant part f the ecsystems frm which we gain ur necessities like clean water, fd and materials. If we succeed, then expeditins — brief travels int the wild that seek t answer questins, mnitr ppulatins, and inspire actin — will have a renewed sense f purpse. Mre imprtantly, they greatly help the public experience, understand and appreciate nature.
Based n my wn research expeditin which aims t understand “edge effects” — hw the changes in temperature at frest edges impact animals, I find it imprtant that tday’s scientists cntinue t spend time in the field. It is here that they begin t understand hw seemingly unrelated envirnmental interactins influence their study system. Smetimes, it’s difficult t knw which is imprtant t measure until yu stand ut there n the frest edge.
It is the yung generatin that is the main frce t lead the next wave f expeditins. The measure f their success will be whether there are still well-preserved wild places fr expeditins in the future. Their leadership is needed nw, mre than ever.
1．What’s the purpse f this text?
A．T suggest understanding nature by keeping explring.
B．T advise peple nt t travel t unknwn places.
C．T infrm us abut the reduced bidiversity.
D．T call n the public t supprt the study.
2．What can we knw abut the expeditin in wild spaces frm Paragraph 3?
A．It is difficult fr explrers t make prgress.
B．It is mre accessible with the help f technlgy.
C．It prmtes the develpment f satellite technlgy.
D．It requires explrers t take sufficient heavy equipment.
3．What des the underlined part “pp up” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Appear unexpectedly.B．Clse temprarily.
C．Develp quickly.D．Differ greatly.
4．What des the authr realize after his research expeditin?
A．The significance f scientists’ field trip.
B．The difficulty f carrying ut fieldwrk.
C．The need t expand the edges f frests.
D．The influence f his study n the envirnment.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．A
【导语】本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了科学家实地探索来了解自然的重要性。通过探索，人们才能理解并欣赏值得保护的东西。
1．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“I wuld argue instead that there has never been a greater need t explre. That’s because the stage fr all explratin is the natural wrld, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline. It is by explring that we understand and when we understand we develp an appreciatin fr what is fund. Ultimately, nly the things we appreciate are wrth prtecting.(相反，我想说的是，从未有过更大的探索需求。这是因为所有探索的舞台都是自然界，而自然界正在经历迅速的衰退。正是通过探索，我们理解了，当我们理解了，我们就会对所发现的东西产生欣赏。最终，只有我们欣赏的东西才值得保护。)”和第四段“If we succeed, then expeditins — brief travels int the wild that seek t answer questins, mnitr ppulatins, and inspire actin — will have a renewed sense f purpse. Mre imprtantly, they greatly help the public experience, understand and appreciate nature.(如果我们成功了，那么探险队——短暂的野外旅行，寻求回答问题、监测种群并激励行动——将有新的目标感。更重要的是，它们极大地帮助公众体验、理解和欣赏自然。)”可推知，文章的写作目的是建议通过不断探索来了解自然。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Visiting the Okavang Delta r Kalahari Desert, fr example, n lnger implies a self-supprted expeditin. Field statins pp up in imprtant natinal parks and remte sensing by satellite becmes cmmnplace.(例如，访问奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，就不再意味着自力更生的探险。在重要的国家公园里都会出现野外观测站，利用卫星进行遥感也会变得很普遍。)”可推知，在技术的帮助下，野外探险更加容易到达，故选B。
3．词句猜测题。划线词组上文讲到“Visiting the Okavang Delta r Kalahari Desert, fr example, n lnger implies a self-supprted expeditin. (例如，参观奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，不再意味着自力更生的探险。)”可知，野外探险不再是自力更生的探险，因此推断划线词组所在句子“Field statins pp up in imprtant natinal parks and remte sensing by satellite becmes cmmnplace.”的意思是：在重要的国家公园里出现了野外观测站，卫星遥感变得司空见惯。说明在在技术的帮助下，野外探险容易了，可知第三段中带下划线的部分的意思是“突然出现”，故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Based n my wn research expeditin which aims t understand “edge effects” — hw the changes in temperature at frest edges impact animals, I find it imprtant that tday’s scientists cntinue t spend time in the field. It is here that they begin t understand hw seemingly unrelated envirnmental interactins influence their study system. Smetimes, it’s difficult t knw which is imprtant t measure until yu stand ut there cm the frest edge.(根据我自己的研究考察，目的是了解“边缘效应”——森林边缘温度的变化如何影响动物，我发现今天的科学家继续花时间在这个领域是很重要的。正是在这里，他们开始理解看似无关的环境相互作用如何影响他们的学习系统。有时候，在你站在森林边缘之前，很难知道哪个是重要的测量值。)”可推知，作者在研究探险之后意识到了科学家实地考察的意义。故选A。
4.（2023·广东惠州·统考二模）
Fr years, learning t speak Cantnese was nt that hard in San Francisc. It is a place where Cantnese speakers frm Suth China have mved fr ver 150 years. But nw, there is fear that the Cantnese language and culture might nt survive present scial changes. Cantnese is spken by sme 85 millin peple wrldwide. In cmparisn, there are arund 1 billin Mandarin (r Putnghua) speakers.
In Britain, as in the U. S., mst schls that ffer Chinese usually teach Mandarin. As a result, many families are struggling t find ways t pass n their Cantnese language and culture. Ceci Pang runs classes fr children at Rainbw Seeds Cantnese Schl in Lndn. “Many parents want their kids t be able t cmmunicate with their grandparents,” she said. “It’s just s hard here, there are s few learning resurces and lts f parents get upset. That’s usually the pint the parents cme t me.”
In China, there are Cantnese televisin prgrams as well as Cantnese annuncements n public transprt. In Hng Kng, hwever, Cantnese remains the city’s tp language. It is used by 90 percent f the ppulatin accrding t an assistant prfessr at the Educatin University f Hng Kng.
It is a different stry in the U. S. The teaching f Cantnese has decreased smewhat, including in San Francisc, a city that has drawn many Cantnese speakers ver the years. The San Francisc schl system has Cantnese and Mandarin prgrams fr yunger students. But in high schl, Mandarin is the nly Chinese language available. This spring, sme independent Chinese schls are helping t teach the language as Cantnese-speaking cmmunities grw. Aleyda Pe has been managing the Cantnese kindergarten at Merit Chinese Schl in Plan, Texas, fr mre than 10 years. Pe put her tw sns in the schl s that they culd learn abut Cantnese language and culture. Nw, she is helping ther families d the same.
12．What are the Cantnese speakers wrried abut?
A．Survival f Cantnese language and culture.B．Increasing scial changes in San Francisc.
C．Mre and mre Mandarin speakers wrldwide.D．Less Cantnese speakers in Suth China.
13．Hw des Ceci Pang help t handle Cantnese learning in Lndn?
A．By visiting and talking with lcal families.B．By rganizing language classes fr kids
C．By reducing Chinese culture teaching at schlsD．By using unlimited nline resurces
14．What is implied abut Cantnese learning bth in China and the U. S. ?
A．San Francisc is a city with the mst Cantnese learners
B．Cantnese is learnt by 90 percent f the ppulatin in China
C．Learning resurces and pprtunities are limited in the U. S.
D．There are n Cantnese learning prgrams in San Francisc
15．Which can be the suitable title fr the text?
A．Imprtance t imprve Cantnese learning glbally.
B．Current status f Cantnese learning verseas
C．A brief intrductin t Cantnese learning histry in U. S.
D．Debates between Cantnese and Mandarin learning
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海外学习粤语的现状和存在的问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But nw, there is fear that the Cantnese language and culture might nt survive present scial changes.(但现在，有人担心粤语和粤语文化可能无法在当前的社会变革中生存下来)”可知，说粤语的人在担心粤语和粤语文化的保存。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ceci Pang runs classes fr children at Rainbw Seeds Cantnese Schl in Lndn.(Ceci Pang在伦敦彩虹种子粤语学校为孩子们开设课程)”可知，Ceci Pang为孩子们组织语言课程来帮助学生在伦敦学习粤语。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“In Britain, as in the U. S., mst schls that ffer Chinese usually teach Mandarin. As a result, many families are struggling t find ways t pass n their Cantnese language and culture.(在英国，和美国一样，大多数提供汉语的学校通常教授普通话。因此，许多家庭都在努力寻找方法来传承他们的粤语和文化。)”和最后一段“It is a different stry in the U. S. The teaching f Cantnese has decreased smewhat, including in San Francisc, a city that has drawn many Cantnese speakers ver the years. The San Francisc schl system has Cantnese and Mandarin prgrams fr yunger students. But in high schl, Mandarin is the nly Chinese language available.(美国的情况则不同。粤语教学有所减少，包括在旧金山，这座城市多年来吸引了许多讲粤语的人。旧金山的学校系统为低年级学生开设了粤语和普通话课程。但在高中，普通话是唯一可用的中文)”可推知，有关粤语，在美国，学习资源和机会是有限的。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fr years, learning t speak Cantnese was nt that hard in San Francisc.(多年来，在旧金山学广东话并不是那么难)”以及第二段“In Britain, as in the U. S., mst schls that ffer Chinese usually teach Mandarin. As a result, many families are struggling t find ways t pass n their Cantnese language and culture. (在英国，就像在美国一样，大多数提供中文课程的学校通常都教授普通话。因此，许多家庭都在努力寻找传承粤语和广东文化的方法)”结合文章主要说明了海外学习粤语的现状和存在的问题。可知，B选项“海外学习粤语的现状”最符合文章标题。故选B。
5.（2023·广东·高三校联考阶段练习）
Have yu ever fancied a tennis lessn frm ne f the wrld’s greatest tennis players at yur lcal curt?
This dream came true fr tw yung players, wh gt t train with 20-year-ld superstar Emma Raducanu after she appeared as a hlgram—a phtgraphic recrding f the image. While Sam Clague, 14, and Diamnd Paisley, 12, were bth in Lndn, the British number ne was in Abu Dhabi.
During the wrld’s first hlgraphic lessn, Ms Raducanu’s avatar appeared t feed balls t the players and gave live feedback n their shts, like “that was fast and there was lts f tpspin n that”. Even Sam said he thught she had been prerecrded at first until she spke with him directly.
Their hlgraphic training sessin ffers a glimpse int hw advancing technlgy culd revlutinize tennis caching, accrding t Dr Ian Pearsn.
Dr Pearsn thinks that mixed reality headsets will sn allw tennis players t feel they are playing in unusual virtual envirnments, like n a space statin r the middle f a lake Thrugh 5G, the future f tennis will see increased interactin between real life tennis curts and the rich imaginatin we see in cmputer games-playing whenever, wherever and whever yu want.
Full sensry virtual reality culd even place the viewer inside the tennis player’s shes in real time. Dr Pearsn said: “By 2030, with active skin technlgy, the playing styles and even the sensatins f tp-level players culd be captured, s that anyne culd experience hw it actually felt t play that game thrugh full sensry virtual reality.”
Finally, sprtswear made frm smart materials culd allw fr a digital cach pwered by artificial intelligence (AI) t prvide feedback n a player’s frm. Dr Pearsn said: “Al-cntrlled suits made frm smart materials, such as fabrics with sensrs, can help players find the perfect strke when hitting r returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memry f a flawless frehand. Using direct feedback frm friendly virtual AI caches, new players can develp and learn much mre quickly.”
16．What did Ms Raducanu d in the first hlgraphic lessn?
A．Give players a real time guidance.B．Require players t fllw her shts.
C．Recrd caching cntents in advance.D．Share her experiences thrugh the hlgram.
17．What can full sensry virtual reality make viewers d?
A．Increase their imaginatin f sprts.B．Take the place f tp level players.
C．Experience the feeling f players n the spt.D．Have a sense f playing in an unusual place.
18．What’s Dr Pearsn’s attitude twards virtual AI caches?
A．Critical.B．Skeptical.C．Cautius.D．Favrable.
19．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The future f caching.B．The threat frm AI t caches.
C．The first live caching nline.D．The appearance f digital caches.
【答案】16．A 17．C 18．D 19．A
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了先进的技术如何给网球教练带来革命性的变化，使网球的新球员可以更快地发展和学习。
16．细节理解题。根据第三段“During the wrld’s first hlgraphic lessn, Ms Raducanu’s avatar appeared t feed balls t the players and gave live feedback n their shts, like “that was fast and there was lts f tpspin n that”. Even Sam said he thught she had been prerecrded at first until she spke with him directly. (在世界上第一堂全息课程中，拉杜卡努女士的化身出现在球员面前，给他们运球，并对他们的击球给出实时反馈，比如“这个球很快，有很多上旋球”。连山姆都说，一开始他以为她是被预先录好的，直到她直接和他说话)”可知，Raducanu女士在第一节全息课上给球员一个实时的指导。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“By 2030, with active skin technlgy, the playing styles and even the sensatins f tp-level players culd be captured, s that anyne culd experience hw it actually felt t play that game thrugh full sensry virtual reality.(到2030年，有了主动皮肤技术，顶级球员的游戏风格甚至感觉都可以被捕捉到，这样任何人都可以通过全感官虚拟现实体验到打球的真实感受)”可知，全感官虚拟现实能让观众现场体验球员的感受。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr Pearsn said: “Al-cntrlled suits made frm smart materials, such as fabrics with sensrs, can help players find the perfect strke when hitting r returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memry f a flawless frehand. Using direct feedback frm friendly virtual AI caches, new players can develp and learn much mre quickly.”(皮尔森博士说：“由智能材料制成的人工智能控制的比赛服，比如带有传感器的织物，可以帮助球员在击球或回发球时快速学习完美正手的肌肉记忆，从而找到完美的击球方式。使用友好的虚拟人工智能教练的直接反馈，新球员可以更快地发展和学习。”)”可知，皮尔森博士认为虚拟人工智能教练能使新球员可以更快地发展和学习，所以他的态度是赞成的。故选D。
19．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Their hlgraphic training sessin ffers a glimpse int hw advancing technlgy culd revlutinize tennis caching, accrding t Dr Ian Pearsn.(伊恩·皮尔森博士说，他们的全息训练课程让人们得以一窥先进的技术如何给网球教练带来革命性的变化)”以及纵观全文主要讲述了科技的发展，为网球教练带来完全不一样的改变，即教练的未来。故选A。
6.（2023·河北张家口·高三统考期末）
Chemicals taken frm sawdust (锯屑) and water can knck ut mre than 99 percent f sme disease-causing micrbes (微生物). That makes the sawdust mix a ptential alternative t current micrbe-killing chemicals.
Many disinfectants (消毒剂) used tday can harm the envirnment. They frm pisnus by-prducts when they get washed. Sme ptentially greener disinfectants exist. They rely n a chemical called “phenl (苯酚)”. But these cleaners can be cstly and take a lt f energy t make.
Shicheng Zhang went searching fr a better ptin. He’s an envirnmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Wd cntains many mlecules (分子) that lk like phenl. S Zhang wndered if micrbe-killing chemicals culd be btained frm sawdust thrugh a lw-cst and lw-energy prcess.
He and his fellw researchers cked mixtures f water and sawdust fr ne hur. They heated this sawdust sup under pressure, and then filtered it. Later, they tested hw well the liquid killed ff micrbes. This liquid wiped ut E.cli bacteria—micrbes that can cause fd pisning. The liquid als killed anthrax bacteria. These micrbes cause dangerus infectins. What’s mre, the disinfectant stpped flu viruses frm being infectius.
The researchers als added different amunts f water t the sawdust sup. That let them test hw cncentrated it had t be t knck ut micrbes. Depending n its cncentratin, the mix culd kill mre than 99 percent f the micrbes.
Lking at killed micrbes under a micrscpe revealed sme f the ways the sawdust mix kills. The disinfectant damaged the micrbes’ cell walls. It als may have messed with the micrbes’ prteins and DNA．
Zhang and his fellw researchers didn’t stp at a sawdust disinfectant. They made disinfectants frm ther plant materials, t. Sme f these started as bamb pwder. Others were made using rice plant. Plant materials that are richer in mlecules that release phenl-like cmpunds are best at killing micrbes. One example is crn straw.
20．What may be an advantage f Zhang’s sawdust disinfectant ver existing nes?
A．Being safer and mre effective.
B．Being envirnment-friendly and less expensive.
C．Being less expensive and having mre lasting effect.
D．Being mre effective and having mre lasting effect.
21．What gave Zhang the idea f the sawdust disinfectant?
A．The absence f micrbes in sawdust.B．The phenl-like mlecules in wd.
C．The existence f a greener disinfectant.D．The pssibility f being fd pisned.
22．Hw was Zhang’s research further carried ut?
A．By analyzing data frm previus studies.
B．By identifying the ways different disinfectants kill.
C．By imprving the prcess f dealing with by-prducts.
D．By cmparing the effects f different cncentratins f the mix.
23．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Public Drive Aims t Greener Disinfectants
B．A Chinese University Grws Micrbe-killing Plants
C．A Disinfectant Made frm Sawdust Kncks ut Micrbes
D．A Chinese Team Made Breakthrughs in Disease Research
【答案】20．B 21．B 22．D 23．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国复旦大学张教授团队从锯屑水中提取消毒剂的一项研究。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many disinfectants (消毒剂) used tday can harm the envirnment. They frm pisnus by-prducts when they get washed. Sme ptentially greener disinfectants exist. They rely n a chemical called “phenl (苯酚)”. But these cleaners can be cstly and take a lt f energy t make.(今天使用的许多消毒剂会危害环境。当它们被清洗时，会形成有毒的副产品。存在一些可能更环保的消毒剂。它们依赖于一种叫做“苯酚”的化学物质。但这些清洁剂价格昂贵，需要大量的能源来制造)”以及第三段“Shicheng Zhang went searching fr a better ptin. He’s an envirnmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Wd cntains many mlecules (分子) that lk like phenl. S Zhang wndered if micrbe-killing chemicals culd be btained frm sawdust thrugh a lw-cst and lw-energy prcess.(张士成开始寻找更好的选择。他是中国上海复旦大学的环境工程师。木材含有许多看起来像苯酚的分子。因此，张想知道是否可以通过低成本、低能耗的方法从锯末中获得杀死微生物的化学物质)”可知，与现有的木屑消毒剂相比，张的木屑消毒剂既环保又便宜。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“Wd cntains many mlecules (分子) that lk like phenl. S Zhang wndered if micrbe-killing chemicals culd be btained frm sawdust thrugh a lw-cst and lw-energy prcess.(木材含有许多看起来像苯酚的分子。因此，张想知道是否可以通过低成本、低能耗的方法从锯末中获得杀死微生物的化学物质)”可知，木材中的苯酚分子让张产生了木屑消毒剂的想法。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第五段“The researchers als added different amunts f water t the sawdust sup. That let them test hw cncentrated it had t be t knck ut micrbes. Depending n its cncentratin, the mix culd kill mre than 99 percent f the micrbes.(研究人员还在木屑汤中加入了不同量的水。这样他们就可以测试出杀灭微生物所需的浓度。根据其浓度的不同，这种混合物可以杀死99%以上的微生物)”可知，张的研究通过比较不同浓度混合物的效果进一步开展。故选D。
23．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Shicheng Zhang went searching fr a better ptin. He’s an envirnmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Wd cntains many mlecules (分子) that lk like phenl. S Zhang wndered if micrbe-killing chemicals culd be btained frm sawdust thrugh a lw-cst and lw-energy prcess.(张士成开始寻找更好的选择。他是中国上海复旦大学的环境工程师。木材含有许多看起来像苯酚的分子。因此，张想知道是否可以通过低成本、低能耗的方法从锯末中获得杀死微生物的化学物质)”结合文章主要介绍了中国复旦大学张教授团队从锯屑水中提取消毒剂的一项研究。可知，C选项“由锯末制成的消毒剂可以消灭微生物”最符合文章标题。故选C。
7.（2023·河北张家口·高三统考期末）
At present, research shws that when emplyees reach the age f 50, they keep quiet abut their age. They see fewer prmtin prspects cmpared t yunger emplyees. It’s als harder t get a new jb after the age f 50.
But that is set t change. There is already skills shrtage in the wrld with nt enugh yunger peple cming int the wrkfrce. Emplyers will have t wrk harder at hiring senirs with the skills they need.
The Center fr Ageing Better ntes that we already have an lder wrkfrce and the qualities f lder peple are being mre recgnized. When teams mix lder and yunger wrkers, prductivity ges up and cmplex prblems find mre nvel slutins because the strengths and weaknesses f bth grups are balanced. Age-diversity helps slve cmplex prblems by bringing tgether a mix f ideas, skill strengths, and experiences. Older wrkers can draw n a lifetime f experience while yunger wrkers may challenge utdated strategies and bring fresh perspective. Als, senirs’ greater life experience makes them better placed t manage themselves and thers in the wrkplace cmpared with yunger emplyees.
There are five recmmendatins the Center fr Ageing Better makes, including minimizing age bias (偏见) in taking in emplyees and encuraging career develpment at all ages. The really big change that needs t cme is t stp seeing lder peple as “ther”, as different…
There are many peple in their 80s and 90s wh have never stpped wrking. They enjy what they d and like the scial aspect f wrk. But mst, frm 55 nwards chse t retire—with 25% regretting it, accrding t a recent study.
24．What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Cmpetitin in the jb market.
B．Wrldwide skills shrtage in the wrkfrce.
C．Yunger peple’s declining prmtin prspects.
D．Older peple being at a disadvantage in wrkplaces.
25．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．Qualities f lder emplyees.
B．The advantages f age-diversity.
C．The challenges faced by an lder wrkfrce.
D．The cmplex prblems that call fr slutins.
26．What is the key t wrkfrce cmpsitin?
A．Minimizing age bias.
B．Giving up utdated strategies.
C．Launching career develpment prgrams.
D．Emplying peple frm different backgrunds.
27．What can be learned abut lder peple frm the last paragraph?
A．Sme regret after retirement.
B．Sme remain scial after retirement.
C．Mst dn’t retire until their 80s r 90s.
D．Mst keep updating their wrking skills.
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．A 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了老年人在生产力队伍中的作用正在获得更多认可的社会现象。
24．词句猜测题。根据第一段“At present, research shws that when emplyees reach the age f 50, they keep quiet abut their age. They see fewer prmtin prspects cmpared t yunger emplyees. It’s als harder t get a new jb after the age f 50.”(目前，研究表明，当员工达到50岁时，他们对自己的年龄保持沉默。与年轻员工相比，他们的晋升机会更少。50岁以后找新工作也更难了。)可知，人们到50岁后晋升前景黯淡，找工作难。所以第二段首句中“that”便是指代50岁以后找工作难的这种现象。故选D。
25．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“When teams mix lder and yunger wrkers, prductivity ges up and cmplex prblems find mre nvel slutins because the strengths and weaknesses f bth grups are balanced. Age-diversity helps slve cmplex prblems by bringing tgether a mix f ideas, skill strengths, and experiences. Older wrkers can draw n a lifetime f experience while yunger wrkers may challenge utdated strategies and bring fresh perspective. Als, senirs’ greater life experience makes them better placed t manage themselves and thers in the wrkplace cmpared with yunger emplyees.”（当团队中年长和年轻的员工混合在一起时，生产力会提高，复杂的问题也会找到更新颖的解决方案，因为两个团队的优势和劣势都得到了平衡。年龄多样性通过汇集各种想法、技能优势和经验，帮助解决复杂的问题。年长的员工可以利用一生的经验，而年轻的员工可以挑战过时的策略，带来新的视角。此外，与年轻员工相比，老年人更丰富的生活经验使他们更有能力在工作场所管理自己和他人。）可知，年龄结构多样化有利于提高工作效率，解决工作中的复杂问题，且与年轻员工相比，老年人更丰富的生活经验使他们更有能力在工作场所管理自己和他人，因此本段主要讲述年龄多样化的好处。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段“There are five recmmendatins the Center fr Ageing Better makes, including minimizing age bias (偏见) in taking in emplyees and encuraging career develpment at all ages. The really big change that needs t cme is t stp seeing lder peple as “ther”, as different…”（老龄改善中心提出了5条建议，包括在录用员工时尽量减少年龄偏见，以及鼓励各年龄段员工的职业发展。真正需要做出的重大改变是，不要再把老年人视为“异类”，视为与众不同……）可知，提出的5条建议的关注点是“消除职场中的年龄偏见。”故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But mst, frm 55 nwards chse t retire—with 25% regretting it, accrding t a recent study.”（但根据最近的一项研究，大多数人在55岁以后选择退休——25%的人对此感到后悔。）可知，多数人会选择55岁退休，其中的四分之一人会感到后悔。故选A。
8.（2023·福建省福州第一中学校考一模）
Stéphanie Frappart made histry n Thursday as the first wman t referee (裁判) a men’s Wrld Cup match. Alngside assistants Neuza Back frm Brazil and Karen Diaz frm Mexic, the Frenchwman was part f an all-female refereeing tri fficiating Csta Rica vs. Germany in their Grup E match.
Thrughut her career, Frappart has achieved a seemingly endless series f firsts. In April 2019, she became the first female referee t take charge f a Ligue 1 match, in August 2019, the first t take charge f a majr men’s Eurpean match, and in 2020, the first t fficiate a men’s UEFA Champins League match.
At the Wrld Cup,a referee might make 245 decisins in a single game, Sky Sprts estimates, and if just ne is wrng, it will be analyzed in micrscpic detail.
It culd alter the curse f a game, r even a team’s Wrld Cup-denying it a title r ensuring it prgresses n further in the turnament. “When yu make a mistake, it’s mre imprtant than if a player makes a mistake-there are mre cnsequences fr the teams,” Frappart says. “It’s als easy t say that it’s the fault f the referee and nt the fault f ur team when yu lse.”
Inevitably, female referees are carefully examined, as they straddle (跨越) tw traditinally male-dminated fields: ftball and leadership. “There are many questins invlved if she’s there because she’s a wman.” Frappart recalls when she made her debut in Ligue. “It’s nt nly in ftball. I think in every jb when yu’re a wman yu need t prve that yu have the quality and after that they let yu cntinue.” But as Frappart refereed mre matches, the stance twards her gradually changed. “Nw, it’s nt a questin f gender. It’s nw nly a questin abut cmpetencies.”
With wmen refereeing, the matches at the Qatar Wrld Cup bradcast t huge audiences wrldwide. Frappart knew it encuraged mre wmen t pick up a whistle and take mre and mre respnsibility. “S if yu have mre female referees n the TV perhaps it might make it easier fr wmen t say: ‘OK, this is pssible.’”
28．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Frappart’s life experience.B．Frappart’s achievements.
C．Frappart’s cntributins.D．Frappart’s habits.
29．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Frappart’s jb as a referee?
A．Creative and rewarding.B．Challenging but inspiring.
C．Difficult and meaningless.D．Easy but trublesme.
30．The underlined wrds “made her debut ” in paragraph 5 means _______ .
A．made a speechB．made full preparatins
C．made her first appearanceD．made a living
31．What can we learn abut Frappart?
A．The Qatar Wrld Cup drew huge audiences fr wmen refereeing.
B．It’s easy t put the blame fr teams’failures n referees.
C．Frappart impressed the wrld with cmpetencies in her first match.
D．In August 2019, Frappart was the first female referee in a Ligue 1 match.
【答案】28．B 29．B 30．C 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了执裁男子世界杯比赛的第一位女性 Frappart 的相关事迹。
28．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thrughut her career, Frappart has achieved a seemingly endless series f firsts. In April 2019, she became the first female referee t take charge f a Ligue 1 match, in August 2019, the first t take charge f a majr men’s Eurpean match, and in 2020, the first t fficiate a men’s UEFA Champins League match.(在她的职业生涯中，Frappart取得了一系列看似无穷无尽的第一。2019年4月，她成为第一位主裁判法甲比赛的女裁判；2019年8月，她成为第一位主裁判欧洲男子主要比赛的女裁判；2020年，她成为第一位主裁判欧洲男子冠军联赛比赛的女裁判)”可知，本段主要介绍Frappart的成就。故选 B。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Inevitably, female referees are carefully examined, as they straddle (跨越) tw traditinally male-dminated fields: ftball and leadership. “There are many questins invlved if she’s there because she’s a wman.”(不可避免地，女裁判会受到仔细的审查，因为她们横跨两个传统上由男性主导的领域：足球和领导力。“如果她是因为女性才去那里，那就会有很多问题。”)”可推断， Frappart 执裁男子比赛具有挑战性。根据第六段“Frappart knew it encuraged mre wmen t pick up a whistle and take mre and mre respnsibility.(Frappart知道，这鼓励了更多的女性拿起哨子，承担越来越多的责任)”可推断，Frappart的工作激励着其他女性。故选B。
30．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“In April 2019, she became the first female referee t take charge f a Ligue 1 match(2019年4月，她成为第一位主裁判法甲比赛的女裁判)”可推断，Frappart回忆起她在法甲首次亮相时的情景。由此推知，划线词组“首次露面；初次登场”之意。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Frappart says. “It’s als easy t say that it’s the fault f the referee and nt the fault f ur team when yu lse.”(Frappart说。“当你输球时，我们也很容易说这是裁判的错，而不是我们球队的错。”)”可知，人们很容易把球队的失败归咎于裁判。故选B。
9.（2023·福建莆田·统考模拟预测）
Frm the mment we are brn, we interact with the wrld thrugh mvement. We mve ur lips t smile r t talk. We extend ur hand t tuch. Hw des ur brain remember this wide range f mtins? Hw des it learn new nes? Hw des it make the calculatins necessary fr us t grab a glass f water, withut drpping it, squashing it, r missing it?
Technin Prfessr Jackie Schiller frm the Ruth and Bruce Rappaprt Faculty f Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neurn (单神经元) level t shed light n this mystery. They fund that calculatin happens nt just in the interactin between neurns, but within each individual neurn. It turns ut that each f these cells is nt a simple switch, but a cmplicated calculating machine.
This discvery, published recently in the Science, prmises changes nt nly t ur understanding f hw the brain wrks, but better understanding f cnditins ranging frm Parkinsn’s disease t autism. And if that isn’t enugh, these same findings are expected t advance machine learning, prviding inspiratin fr new architectures.
“We used t think f each neurn as a srt f whistle, which either rings, r desn’t,” Prf. Schiller explains. “Instead, we are lking at a pian. Its keys can be struck at the same time, r in rder, prducing an infinity (无限) f different tunes.” This cmplex music playing in ur brains is what enables us t learn and perfrm an infinity f different, cmplex and precise mvements.
These same findings can als serve as an inspiratin fr the machine learning cmmunity. Deep neural netwrks, as their name suggests, attempt t create sftware that learns and functins smewhat similarly t a human brain. Althugh their advances cnstantly make the news, these netwrks are primitive cmpared t a living brain. A better understanding f hw ur brain actually wrks can help in designing mre cmplex neural netwrks, enabling them t perfrm mre cmplex tasks.
32．Why des the authr raise the questins in paragraph 1?
A．T pursue answers.B．T raise his puzzles.
C．T intrduce the tpic.D．T share his interest
33．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The result f the research.
B．The functin f a single neurn.
C．The way the research was cnducted.
D．The aspects the discvery can be applied t.
34．What des Schiller stress in her explanatin in paragraph 4?
A．The way that neurns wrk.
B．The music that neurns play.
C．The difficulties that researchers encunter.
D．The prcess where neurns prduce memry.
35．What might be the best title fr the text?
A．Individual Neurn Wrks like a Pian
B．Calculatin Happens Between Neurns like a Machine
C．Cmplex Neural Netwrks in the Brain Enable Peple t Learn
D．The Mystery f Learning and Remembering Mvement Has Been Uncvered
【答案】32．C 33．D 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们的大脑是如何记住每一个动作的呢？它如何学习新的知识？Jackie Schiller教授和她的团队在单神经元水平上检查了大脑，揭开了谜团。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Frm the mment we are brn, we interact with the wrld thrugh mvement. We mve ur lips t smile r t talk. We extend ur hand t tuch. Hw des ur brain remember this wide range f mtins? Hw des it learn new nes? Hw des it make the calculatins necessary fr us t grab a glass f water, withut drpping it, squashing it, r missing it? (从我们出生的那一刻起，我们就通过运动与世界互动。我们动嘴唇是为了微笑或说话。我们伸出手去触摸。我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？它是如何学习新知识的？它是如何进行必要的计算，让我们抓起一杯水，而不掉到地上，压扁它，或者错过它？)”，第二段第一句“Technin Prfessr Jackie Schiller frm the Ruth and Bruce Rappaprt Faculty f Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neurn (单神经元) level t shed light n this mystery. (以色列理工学院鲁斯和布鲁斯·拉帕波特医学院的杰基·席勒教授和她的团队在单个神经元水平上检查了大脑，以揭示这个谜团)”可知，作者从我们日常生活中所做的动作开始，提出了几个问题，是为了引入话题——我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？故选C项。
33．主旨大意题。根据第三段“This discvery, published recently in the Science, prmises changes nt nly t ur understanding f hw the brain wrks, but better understanding f cnditins ranging frm Parkinsn’s disease t autism. And if that isn’t enugh, these same findings are expected t advance machine learning, prviding inspiratin fr new architectures. (最近发表在《科学》杂志上的这一发现，不仅有望改变我们对大脑工作方式的理解，还有望更好地理解从帕金森病到自闭症等各种疾病。如果这还不够，这些相同的发现有望推动机器学习，为新架构提供灵感)”可知，这一发现有助于我们对大脑工作方式的新的理解，还可帮助我们更好地理解各种疾病、推动机器学习，因此本段主要介绍了该发现可以应用的方面。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘We used t think f each neurn as a srt f whistle, which either rings, r desn’t,’ Prf. Schiller explains. ‘Instead, we are lking at a pian. Its keys can be struck at the same time, r in rder, prducing an infinity (无限) f different tunes.’ (席勒教授解释说：‘我们过去把每个神经元看作一种哨子，要么响，要么不响。相反，我们看到的是一架钢琴。它的琴键可以同时敲击，也可以按顺序敲击，从而产生无限不同的曲调。’)”可知，Schiller推翻了以往的对神经元的工作原理的理解，而是把神经元比喻成一架钢琴，强调的是神经元的运作方式。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Hw des ur brain remember this wide range f mtins? Hw des it learn new nes? (我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？它是如何学习新知识的？)”，第二段“Technin Prfessr Jackie Schiller frm the Ruth and Bruce Rappaprt Faculty f Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neurn (单神经元) level t shed light n this mystery. They fund that calculatin happens nt just in the interactin between neurns, but within each individual neurn. It turns ut that each f these cells is nt a simple switch, but a cmplicated calculating machine.(以色列理工学院鲁斯和布鲁斯·拉帕波特医学院的杰基·席勒教授和她的团队在单个神经元水平上检查了大脑，以揭示这个谜团。他们发现，计算不仅发生在神经元之间的相互作用中，而且发生在每个单独的神经元内部。事实证明，这些细胞中的每一个都不是一个简单的开关，而是一个复杂的计算机器。)”可知，科学家揭开了人脑学习和记忆动作的奥秘，“The Mystery f Learning and Remembering Mvement Has Been Uncvered (学习和记忆运动的奥秘已被揭开)”适合作本文标题。故选D项。
10.（2023·浙江宁波·统考模拟预测）
Artificial intelligence (AI) has becme a fashin wrd in recent years, and its impact n sciety is grwing rapidly. AI refers t the develpment f cmputer systems that can perfrm tasks that wuld typically require human intelligence, such as learning, prblem-slving, and decisin-making. This technlgy is transfrming every industry, frm healthcare t finance, and is expected t revlutinize the future.
One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-pwered tls can analyze vast amunts f medical data and help dctrs make mre infrmed diagnses and treatment decisins. This technlgy is particularly useful in fields such as radilgy, where AI algrithms can analyze medical images t detect abnrmalities that may be missed by human eyes.
In finance, AI is being used t analyze vast amunts f data t identify patterns and predict market trends. This technlgy can help traders make mre infrmed decisins and reduce the risks f financial lsses. Similarly, AI -pwered chatbts are being used in custmer service, helping t imprve respnse times and prvide persnalized supprt.
As the use f AI grws, cncerns abut jb displacement have als arisen. Sme fear that AI-pwered machines and rbts will replace human wrkers, leading t mass unemplyment. While this is a pssibility, it is als imprtant t nte that AI will create new jbs in fields such as data analysis, sftware develpment, and rbtics.
Anther majr cncern abut Al is the ptential fr bias and discriminatin. AI algrithms are nly as gd as the data they are trained n, and if that data cntains biases, the algrithms will als be biased. This issue is particularly cncerning in fields such as criminal justice, where AI-pwered systems are being used t make decisins abut sentencing. If these algrithms are biased, they culd make existing inequalities cntinue in the criminal justice system.
Despite these cncerns, the benefits f AI are numerus and undeniable. Hwever, t ensure that these benefits are accessible t all and t address cncerns abut bias and discriminatin, it is crucial t cntinue researching and develping mral AI.
36．Al utweighs humans in healthcare in that it .
A．stps financial risks.B．ensures precise judgement.
C．recgnizes market tendency.D．ffers persnalized services.
37．What is ne f the majr cncerns f AI?
A．New jbs will be unavailable.B．Algrithms will be ut f date.
C．Unfairness may arise in criminal justice system.D．A large number f human wrkers will be laid ff.
38．Hw des the writer mainly develp this text?
A．By stating facts and citing qutes.
B．By shwing different ideas and giving reasns.
C．By presenting influences and listing examples.
D．By cmparing research results and ffering suggestins.
39．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Artificial Intelligence: Becming a Fashin Wrd
B．Artificial Intelligence: Revlutinizing the Future
C．Artificial Intelligence: Bettering Decisin Making
D．Artificial Intelligence: Imprving Human Abilities
【答案】36．B 37．D 38．C 39．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能在医疗保健和金融的影响以及人们对人工智能的担忧。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-pwered tls can analyze vast amunts f medical data and help dctrs make mre infrmed diagnses and treatment decisins.(人工智能正在取得重大进展的一个领域是医疗保健。人工智能驱动的工具可以分析大量的医疗数据，并帮助医生做出更知情的诊断和治疗决定)”可知，在医疗保健方面，人工智能的重要性超过了人类，因为它确保了准确的判断。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据第四段“Sme fear that AI-pwered machines and rbts will replace human wrkers, leading t mass unemplyment.(一些人担心，人工智能驱动的机器和机器人将取代人类工人，导致大规模失业)”可知，人工智能的主要关注点之一是大量的人类工人将被解雇。故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据第一段“This technlgy is transfrming every industry, frm healthcare t finance, and is expected t revlutinize the future.(这项技术正在改变从医疗保健到金融的每个行业，预计将彻底改变未来)”；第二段“This technlgy is particularly useful in fields such as radilgy, where AI algrithms can analyze medical images t detect abnrmalities that may be missed by human eyes.(该技术在放射学等领域尤其有用，在这些领域，人工智能算法可以分析医学图像，以检测人眼可能错过的异常)”结合文章分别论述了人工智能在医疗保健和金融行业的影响，可推知，作者通过展示影响和列举例子来展开文章。故选C。
39．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) has becme a fashin wrd in recent years, and its impact n sciety is grwing rapidly. AI refers t the develpment f cmputer systems that can perfrm tasks that wuld typically require human intelligence, such as learning, prblem-slving, and decisin-making. This technlgy is transfrming every industry, frm healthcare t finance, and is expected t revlutinize the future.(人工智能近年来已经成为一个时尚词汇，它对社会的影响正在迅速增长。人工智能是指开发计算机系统，可以执行通常需要人类智能的任务，如学习、解决问题和决策。这项技术正在改变从医疗保健到金融的每个行业，预计将彻底改变未来)”结合文章主要说明了人工智能在医疗保健和金融的影响以及人们对人工智能的担忧。故B选项“人工智能：变革未来”符合文章标题。故选B。
说明文（基础版）
姓名__________ 得分________
阅读理解 (共40小题，每题2.5分，满分100分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1.（2023·江苏扬州·扬州中学校考模拟预测）
With an abundance f sun and wind, Spain is psitining itself as Eurpe’s future leader in green hydrgen prductin t clean up heavy industries. But sme energy experts express cautin because this prcess relies n massive availability f zer-carbn electricity.
Green hydrgen is created when renewable energy surces pwer an electrical current that runs thrugh water, separating its hydrgen and xygen mlecules (分子). The prcess desn’t prduce planet-warming carbn dixide, but less than 0.1% f glbal hydrgen prductin is currently created in this way.
The separated hydrgen can be used in the prductin f steel, ammnia (氨) and chemical prducts, all f which require industrial prcesses that are harder t stp fssil fuels. Hydrgen als can be used as a transprtatin fuel, which culd ne day transfrm the highly plluting shipping and aviatin sectrs.
Spain’s large, windswept and thinly ppulated territry receives mre than 2,500 hurs f sunshine n average per year, prviding ideal cnditins fr wind and slar energy, and therefre green hydrgen prductin.
“If yu lk at where hydrgen is ging t be prduced in Eurpe in the next millin years, it’s in tw cuntries, Spain and Prtugal,” said Thierry Lepercq, the funder and president f HyDeal Ambitin, an industry platfrm bringing tgether 30 cmpanies. “Hydrgen is the new il.”
Lepercq is wrking with cmpanies like Spanish gas pipeline crpratin Enagas and glbal steel giant ArcelrMittal t design an end-t-end mdel fr hydrgen prductin, distributin and supply at a cmpetitive price. Criticism has centered n green hydrgen’s higher cst cmpared with highly-plluting “gray hydrgen” drawn frm natural gas. Lepercq argues that slar energy prduced in Spain is priced lw enugh t cmpete.
Glbally, Lepercq said, “Electricity is 20% f energy cnsumptin. What abut the 80% that is nt electrified? ... Yu need t replace thse fssil fuels. Nt in 50 years’ time. Yu need t replace them nw.”
1．Why are sme experts cautius abut green hydrgen prductin in Spain?
A．It needs large amunts f sun and wind.B．It has an effect n heavy industries.
C．It causes cnflicts amng cuntries.D．It uses lts f zer-carbn electricity.
2．What is the advantage f green hydrgen prductin in Spain?
A．Ideal gegraphical cnditins.B．The supprt frm gvernment.
C．Hydrgen prductin technlgy.D．Well-develped public transprts.
3．What can be inferred abut green hydrgen in Spain accrding t Lepercq?
A．It is highly priced.B．It is easy t stre.
C．It is cmpetitive.D．It is highly-plluting.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Spain manages t use zer-carbn electricity.B．Spain struggles t lead EU in heavy industry.
C．Spain takes the lead in preventing air pllutin.D．Spain replaces fssil fuel with green hydrgen.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了凭借充足的阳光和风，西班牙将成为欧洲绿色氢生产的未来领导者。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But sme energy experts express cautin because this prcess relies n massive availability f zer-carbn electricity.(但一些能源专家表示谨慎，因为这一过程依赖于零碳电力的大量可用性)”可知，一些能源专家表示谨慎是因为这一过程依赖于零碳电力的大量可用性。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Spain’s large, windswept and thinly ppulated territry receives mre than 2,500 hurs f sunshine n average per year, prviding ideal cnditins fr wind and slar energy, and therefre green hydrgen prductin.(西班牙面积大，多风，人口稀少，每年平均日照超过2500小时，为风能和太阳能提供了理想的条件，因此也为绿色氢生产提供了理想的条件)”可知，西班牙绿色氢生产的一大优势就是其优越的地理条件。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Lepercq is wrking with cmpanies like Spanish gas pipeline crpratin Enagas and glbal steel giant ArcelrMittal t design an end-t-end mdel fr hydrgen prductin, distributin and supply at a cmpetitive price. Criticism has centered n green hydrgen’s higher cst cmpared with highly-plluting “gray hydrgen” drawn frm natural gas. Lepercq argues that slar energy prduced in Spain is priced lw enugh t cmpete.(Lepercq正在与西班牙天然气管道公司Enagas和全球钢铁巨头ArcelrMittal公司合作，设计一种端到端的氢气生产、分销和供应模式，价格具有竞争力。批评的焦点是，与从天然气中提取的高污染“灰氢”相比，绿色氢的成本更高。Lepercq认为，西班牙生产的太阳能价格足够低，具有竞争力)”可知，Lepercq认为西班牙的绿氢生产极具竞争性。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“With an abundance f sun and wind, Spain is psitining itself as Eurpe’s future leader in green hydrgen (氢气) prductin t clean up heavy industries.(凭借充足的阳光和风，西班牙将自己定位为清洁重工业的绿色氢生产的欧洲的未来领导者)”以及第四段“Spain’s large, windswept and thinly ppulated territry receives mre than 2,500 hurs f sunshine n average per year, prviding ideal cnditins fr wind and slar energy, and therefre green hydrgen prductin.(西班牙面积大，多风，人口稀少，每年平均日照超过2500小时，为风能和太阳能提供了理想的条件，因此也为绿色氢生产提供了理想的条件)”根据最后一段“Yu need t replace thse fssil fuels. Nt in 50 years’ time. Yu need t replace them nw.”（你需要替代那些化石燃料）可知，本文主要介绍的是西班牙凭借充足的阳光和风打算用绿色氢来取代化石燃料。由此可知，D选项“西班牙用绿色氢取代化石燃料”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
2.（2023·江苏泰州·统考模拟预测）
When yu enjy yur mrning cup f tea, yu are prbably nt aware that thse tea leaves can mean injury, r even death, fr Asian elephants wandering Indian tea gardens.
In the Indian state f Assam, grwing numbers f tea farms are destrying the Asian elephant’s habitats and endangering their ppulatin. Much f the frest land where tea is grwn in Assam is flat and thus farmers must dig drainage trenches r small channels t prevent water frm accumulating and hurting the plants. The trenches, hwever, can be death traps fr the elephants.
Since the elephants need t use tea plantatins as landmarks when traveling in frests, they almst unavidably have t mve thrugh the farms. Mrever, because there are fewer humans arund, pregnant females ften use tea-grwing areas as safe shelters t give birth. But baby elephants, still nt used t rugh grund may easily fall int the trenches and get hurt. Once injured, they might nt be able t climb ut. When mthers try t dig their babies ut, bth may be trapped in thick mud, even be killed. Furthermre, elephants are knwn t resist leaving their sick r dying behind, and a grup may stay at a trench with a trapped baby fr hurs, unwilling t mve n until all hpe is lst.
Is there pssibility fr elephants t live in harmny with the bming tea business? Elephant Friendly Tea is an rganizatin that takes the initiative t make it pssible. The rganizatin encurages cnsumers t chse brands that take an active part in elephants prtectin, and has established a certificatin prgram t reward tea grwers wh are ding it right. Until nw, nly smaller tea brands have been certified, but awareness is grwing. The rganizatin believes that peple may be encuraged t buy elephant-friendly brands when they knw mre abut the risk tea can cause t these endangered animals.
5．Why d farmers in Assam dig trenches?
A．T trap elephants.B．T mark bundaries.
C．T prtect tea trees.D．T expand tea farms.
6．What can we say abut baby elephants?
A．They get stuck by the sharp branches f the tea trees.
B．They have difficulty mving arund the uneven fields.
C．They might miss the landmarks while travelling in frests.
D．They fail t find a safe shelter when climbing ut f trenches.
7．What des “it” underlined in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Encuraging cnsumers t chse high-quality brands.
B．Rewarding tea grwers fr prtecting the envirnment.
C．Prmting elephant-friendly trenches and rganizatins.
D．Creating a win-win situatin fr elephants and tea farms.
8．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．The Trenches Pse Threats t Elephants
B．Habitat Lss Affects Endangered Animals
C．Grwth f Tea Gardens Benefits Plantatin
D．Farms Spnsr Envirnmental Organizatins
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了茶叶种植对亚洲象的生存环境造成威胁及Elephant Friendly Tea组织为保证大象安全和茶叶生意的发展做出的努力。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Much f the frest land where tea is grwn in Assam is flat and thus farmers must dig drainage trenches r small channels t prevent water frm accumulating and hurting the plants.”（大部分阿萨姆邦种植茶叶的林地都是平坦的，因此农民必须挖排水沟或小渠道，以防止雨水积聚和伤害植物。）可知，茶农挖沟渠是为了避免雨水集聚而损害茶树。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“But baby elephants, still nt used t rugh grund may easily fall int the trenches and get hurt.”（但是小象还不习惯粗糙的地面，很容易掉进沟渠里受伤。）可知，在不平整的地面上行走，小象面临许多困难，很容易掉进沟渠里。故选B项。
7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Is there pssibility fr elephants t live in harmny with the bming tea business? Elephant Friendly Tea is an rganizatin that takes the initiative t make it pssible.”（大象有可能与蓬勃发展的茶业和谐相处吗?Elephant Friendly Tea是一个主动采取行动使it成为可能的组织。）可知，该组织采取行动，致力于保证大象安全和茶叶生意的发展，此处it指代上文提到的“elephants t live in harmny with the bming tea business”，即大象保护和茶业发展的双赢局面。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“In the Indian state f Assam, grwing numbers f tea farms are destrying the Asian elephant’s habitats and endangering their ppulatin.”（在印度阿萨姆邦，越来越多的茶园正在破坏亚洲象的栖息地，并危及它们的数量。）及“The trenches, hwever, can be death traps fr the elephants.”（然而，沟渠对大象来说可能是死亡陷阱。）并结合下文茶农挖的沟渠对大象的具体危害的描述可知，本文主要介绍了茶叶种植尤其是茶园内的沟渠对亚洲象的生存环境造成了威胁。故选A项。
（2023·江西省宜丰中学校考阶段练习）
Sme peple say that the planet is getting smaller, that there are few places left t explre, and that the age f explratin will be ver sn.
I wuld argue instead that there has never been a greater need t explre. That’s because the stage fr all explratin is the natural wrld, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline. It is by explring that we understand and when we understand we develp an appreciatin fr what is fund. Ultimately, nly the things we appreciate are wrth prtecting.
As the glden age f explratin weakens, s des the richness f life n Earth. It isn’t just that there are fewer blank areas n the map; it is that wild places and spaces have been prgressively carved up (瓜分). Visiting the Okavang Delta r Kalahari Desert, fr example, n lnger implies a self-supprted expeditin. Field statins pp up in imprtant natinal parks and remte sensing by satellite becmes cmmnplace.
In the next century, I believe we will need larger and wilder areas. We will need the wilderness, nt just fr the prtectin f it, but because it is an imprtant part f the ecsystems frm which we gain ur necessities like clean water, fd and materials. If we succeed, then expeditins — brief travels int the wild that seek t answer questins, mnitr ppulatins, and inspire actin — will have a renewed sense f purpse. Mre imprtantly, they greatly help the public experience, understand and appreciate nature.
Based n my wn research expeditin which aims t understand “edge effects” — hw the changes in temperature at frest edges impact animals, I find it imprtant that tday’s scientists cntinue t spend time in the field. It is here that they begin t understand hw seemingly unrelated envirnmental interactins influence their study system. Smetimes, it’s difficult t knw which is imprtant t measure until yu stand ut there n the frest edge.
It is the yung generatin that is the main frce t lead the next wave f expeditins. The measure f their success will be whether there are still well-preserved wild places fr expeditins in the future. Their leadership is needed nw, mre than ever.
1．What’s the purpse f this text?
A．T suggest understanding nature by keeping explring.
B．T advise peple nt t travel t unknwn places.
C．T infrm us abut the reduced bidiversity.
D．T call n the public t supprt the study.
2．What can we knw abut the expeditin in wild spaces frm Paragraph 3?
A．It is difficult fr explrers t make prgress.
B．It is mre accessible with the help f technlgy.
C．It prmtes the develpment f satellite technlgy.
D．It requires explrers t take sufficient heavy equipment.
3．What des the underlined part “pp up” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Appear unexpectedly.B．Clse temprarily.
C．Develp quickly.D．Differ greatly.
4．What des the authr realize after his research expeditin?
A．The significance f scientists’ field trip.
B．The difficulty f carrying ut fieldwrk.
C．The need t expand the edges f frests.
D．The influence f his study n the envirnment.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．A
【导语】本文是说明文，文章主要介绍了科学家实地探索来了解自然的重要性。通过探索，人们才能理解并欣赏值得保护的东西。
1．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“I wuld argue instead that there has never been a greater need t explre. That’s because the stage fr all explratin is the natural wrld, and nature is experiencing a rapid decline. It is by explring that we understand and when we understand we develp an appreciatin fr what is fund. Ultimately, nly the things we appreciate are wrth prtecting.(相反，我想说的是，从未有过更大的探索需求。这是因为所有探索的舞台都是自然界，而自然界正在经历迅速的衰退。正是通过探索，我们理解了，当我们理解了，我们就会对所发现的东西产生欣赏。最终，只有我们欣赏的东西才值得保护。)”和第四段“If we succeed, then expeditins — brief travels int the wild that seek t answer questins, mnitr ppulatins, and inspire actin — will have a renewed sense f purpse. Mre imprtantly, they greatly help the public experience, understand and appreciate nature.(如果我们成功了，那么探险队——短暂的野外旅行，寻求回答问题、监测种群并激励行动——将有新的目标感。更重要的是，它们极大地帮助公众体验、理解和欣赏自然。)”可推知，文章的写作目的是建议通过不断探索来了解自然。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Visiting the Okavang Delta r Kalahari Desert, fr example, n lnger implies a self-supprted expeditin. Field statins pp up in imprtant natinal parks and remte sensing by satellite becmes cmmnplace.(例如，访问奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，就不再意味着自力更生的探险。在重要的国家公园里都会出现野外观测站，利用卫星进行遥感也会变得很普遍。)”可推知，在技术的帮助下，野外探险更加容易到达，故选B。
3．词句猜测题。划线词组上文讲到“Visiting the Okavang Delta r Kalahari Desert, fr example, n lnger implies a self-supprted expeditin. (例如，参观奥卡万戈三角洲或卡拉哈里沙漠，不再意味着自力更生的探险。)”可知，野外探险不再是自力更生的探险，因此推断划线词组所在句子“Field statins pp up in imprtant natinal parks and remte sensing by satellite becmes cmmnplace.”的意思是：在重要的国家公园里出现了野外观测站，卫星遥感变得司空见惯。说明在在技术的帮助下，野外探险容易了，可知第三段中带下划线的部分的意思是“突然出现”，故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Based n my wn research expeditin which aims t understand “edge effects” — hw the changes in temperature at frest edges impact animals, I find it imprtant that tday’s scientists cntinue t spend time in the field. It is here that they begin t understand hw seemingly unrelated envirnmental interactins influence their study system. Smetimes, it’s difficult t knw which is imprtant t measure until yu stand ut there cm the frest edge.(根据我自己的研究考察，目的是了解“边缘效应”——森林边缘温度的变化如何影响动物，我发现今天的科学家继续花时间在这个领域是很重要的。正是在这里，他们开始理解看似无关的环境相互作用如何影响他们的学习系统。有时候，在你站在森林边缘之前，很难知道哪个是重要的测量值。)”可推知，作者在研究探险之后意识到了科学家实地考察的意义。故选A。
4.（2023·广东惠州·统考二模）
Fr years, learning t speak Cantnese was nt that hard in San Francisc. It is a place where Cantnese speakers frm Suth China have mved fr ver 150 years. But nw, there is fear that the Cantnese language and culture might nt survive present scial changes. Cantnese is spken by sme 85 millin peple wrldwide. In cmparisn, there are arund 1 billin Mandarin (r Putnghua) speakers.
In Britain, as in the U. S., mst schls that ffer Chinese usually teach Mandarin. As a result, many families are struggling t find ways t pass n their Cantnese language and culture. Ceci Pang runs classes fr children at Rainbw Seeds Cantnese Schl in Lndn. “Many parents want their kids t be able t cmmunicate with their grandparents,” she said. “It’s just s hard here, there are s few learning resurces and lts f parents get upset. That’s usually the pint the parents cme t me.”
In China, there are Cantnese televisin prgrams as well as Cantnese annuncements n public transprt. In Hng Kng, hwever, Cantnese remains the city’s tp language. It is used by 90 percent f the ppulatin accrding t an assistant prfessr at the Educatin University f Hng Kng.
It is a different stry in the U. S. The teaching f Cantnese has decreased smewhat, including in San Francisc, a city that has drawn many Cantnese speakers ver the years. The San Francisc schl system has Cantnese and Mandarin prgrams fr yunger students. But in high schl, Mandarin is the nly Chinese language available. This spring, sme independent Chinese schls are helping t teach the language as Cantnese-speaking cmmunities grw. Aleyda Pe has been managing the Cantnese kindergarten at Merit Chinese Schl in Plan, Texas, fr mre than 10 years. Pe put her tw sns in the schl s that they culd learn abut Cantnese language and culture. Nw, she is helping ther families d the same.
12．What are the Cantnese speakers wrried abut?
A．Survival f Cantnese language and culture.B．Increasing scial changes in San Francisc.
C．Mre and mre Mandarin speakers wrldwide.D．Less Cantnese speakers in Suth China.
13．Hw des Ceci Pang help t handle Cantnese learning in Lndn?
A．By visiting and talking with lcal families.B．By rganizing language classes fr kids
C．By reducing Chinese culture teaching at schlsD．By using unlimited nline resurces
14．What is implied abut Cantnese learning bth in China and the U. S. ?
A．San Francisc is a city with the mst Cantnese learners
B．Cantnese is learnt by 90 percent f the ppulatin in China
C．Learning resurces and pprtunities are limited in the U. S.
D．There are n Cantnese learning prgrams in San Francisc
15．Which can be the suitable title fr the text?
A．Imprtance t imprve Cantnese learning glbally.
B．Current status f Cantnese learning verseas
C．A brief intrductin t Cantnese learning histry in U. S.
D．Debates between Cantnese and Mandarin learning
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海外学习粤语的现状和存在的问题。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But nw, there is fear that the Cantnese language and culture might nt survive present scial changes.(但现在，有人担心粤语和粤语文化可能无法在当前的社会变革中生存下来)”可知，说粤语的人在担心粤语和粤语文化的保存。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ceci Pang runs classes fr children at Rainbw Seeds Cantnese Schl in Lndn.(Ceci Pang在伦敦彩虹种子粤语学校为孩子们开设课程)”可知，Ceci Pang为孩子们组织语言课程来帮助学生在伦敦学习粤语。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“In Britain, as in the U. S., mst schls that ffer Chinese usually teach Mandarin. As a result, many families are struggling t find ways t pass n their Cantnese language and culture.(在英国，和美国一样，大多数提供汉语的学校通常教授普通话。因此，许多家庭都在努力寻找方法来传承他们的粤语和文化。)”和最后一段“It is a different stry in the U. S. The teaching f Cantnese has decreased smewhat, including in San Francisc, a city that has drawn many Cantnese speakers ver the years. The San Francisc schl system has Cantnese and Mandarin prgrams fr yunger students. But in high schl, Mandarin is the nly Chinese language available.(美国的情况则不同。粤语教学有所减少，包括在旧金山，这座城市多年来吸引了许多讲粤语的人。旧金山的学校系统为低年级学生开设了粤语和普通话课程。但在高中，普通话是唯一可用的中文)”可推知，有关粤语，在美国，学习资源和机会是有限的。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fr years, learning t speak Cantnese was nt that hard in San Francisc.(多年来，在旧金山学广东话并不是那么难)”以及第二段“In Britain, as in the U. S., mst schls that ffer Chinese usually teach Mandarin. As a result, many families are struggling t find ways t pass n their Cantnese language and culture. (在英国，就像在美国一样，大多数提供中文课程的学校通常都教授普通话。因此，许多家庭都在努力寻找传承粤语和广东文化的方法)”结合文章主要说明了海外学习粤语的现状和存在的问题。可知，B选项“海外学习粤语的现状”最符合文章标题。故选B。
5.（2023·广东·高三校联考阶段练习）
Have yu ever fancied a tennis lessn frm ne f the wrld’s greatest tennis players at yur lcal curt?
This dream came true fr tw yung players, wh gt t train with 20-year-ld superstar Emma Raducanu after she appeared as a hlgram—a phtgraphic recrding f the image. While Sam Clague, 14, and Diamnd Paisley, 12, were bth in Lndn, the British number ne was in Abu Dhabi.
During the wrld’s first hlgraphic lessn, Ms Raducanu’s avatar appeared t feed balls t the players and gave live feedback n their shts, like “that was fast and there was lts f tpspin n that”. Even Sam said he thught she had been prerecrded at first until she spke with him directly.
Their hlgraphic training sessin ffers a glimpse int hw advancing technlgy culd revlutinize tennis caching, accrding t Dr Ian Pearsn.
Dr Pearsn thinks that mixed reality headsets will sn allw tennis players t feel they are playing in unusual virtual envirnments, like n a space statin r the middle f a lake Thrugh 5G, the future f tennis will see increased interactin between real life tennis curts and the rich imaginatin we see in cmputer games-playing whenever, wherever and whever yu want.
Full sensry virtual reality culd even place the viewer inside the tennis player’s shes in real time. Dr Pearsn said: “By 2030, with active skin technlgy, the playing styles and even the sensatins f tp-level players culd be captured, s that anyne culd experience hw it actually felt t play that game thrugh full sensry virtual reality.”
Finally, sprtswear made frm smart materials culd allw fr a digital cach pwered by artificial intelligence (AI) t prvide feedback n a player’s frm. Dr Pearsn said: “Al-cntrlled suits made frm smart materials, such as fabrics with sensrs, can help players find the perfect strke when hitting r returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memry f a flawless frehand. Using direct feedback frm friendly virtual AI caches, new players can develp and learn much mre quickly.”
16．What did Ms Raducanu d in the first hlgraphic lessn?
A．Give players a real time guidance.B．Require players t fllw her shts.
C．Recrd caching cntents in advance.D．Share her experiences thrugh the hlgram.
17．What can full sensry virtual reality make viewers d?
A．Increase their imaginatin f sprts.B．Take the place f tp level players.
C．Experience the feeling f players n the spt.D．Have a sense f playing in an unusual place.
18．What’s Dr Pearsn’s attitude twards virtual AI caches?
A．Critical.B．Skeptical.C．Cautius.D．Favrable.
19．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The future f caching.B．The threat frm AI t caches.
C．The first live caching nline.D．The appearance f digital caches.
【答案】16．A 17．C 18．D 19．A
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了先进的技术如何给网球教练带来革命性的变化，使网球的新球员可以更快地发展和学习。
16．细节理解题。根据第三段“During the wrld’s first hlgraphic lessn, Ms Raducanu’s avatar appeared t feed balls t the players and gave live feedback n their shts, like “that was fast and there was lts f tpspin n that”. Even Sam said he thught she had been prerecrded at first until she spke with him directly. (在世界上第一堂全息课程中，拉杜卡努女士的化身出现在球员面前，给他们运球，并对他们的击球给出实时反馈，比如“这个球很快，有很多上旋球”。连山姆都说，一开始他以为她是被预先录好的，直到她直接和他说话)”可知，Raducanu女士在第一节全息课上给球员一个实时的指导。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“By 2030, with active skin technlgy, the playing styles and even the sensatins f tp-level players culd be captured, s that anyne culd experience hw it actually felt t play that game thrugh full sensry virtual reality.(到2030年，有了主动皮肤技术，顶级球员的游戏风格甚至感觉都可以被捕捉到，这样任何人都可以通过全感官虚拟现实体验到打球的真实感受)”可知，全感官虚拟现实能让观众现场体验球员的感受。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr Pearsn said: “Al-cntrlled suits made frm smart materials, such as fabrics with sensrs, can help players find the perfect strke when hitting r returning a serve by quickly learning the muscle memry f a flawless frehand. Using direct feedback frm friendly virtual AI caches, new players can develp and learn much mre quickly.”(皮尔森博士说：“由智能材料制成的人工智能控制的比赛服，比如带有传感器的织物，可以帮助球员在击球或回发球时快速学习完美正手的肌肉记忆，从而找到完美的击球方式。使用友好的虚拟人工智能教练的直接反馈，新球员可以更快地发展和学习。”)”可知，皮尔森博士认为虚拟人工智能教练能使新球员可以更快地发展和学习，所以他的态度是赞成的。故选D。
19．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Their hlgraphic training sessin ffers a glimpse int hw advancing technlgy culd revlutinize tennis caching, accrding t Dr Ian Pearsn.(伊恩·皮尔森博士说，他们的全息训练课程让人们得以一窥先进的技术如何给网球教练带来革命性的变化)”以及纵观全文主要讲述了科技的发展，为网球教练带来完全不一样的改变，即教练的未来。故选A。
6.（2023·河北张家口·高三统考期末）
Chemicals taken frm sawdust (锯屑) and water can knck ut mre than 99 percent f sme disease-causing micrbes (微生物). That makes the sawdust mix a ptential alternative t current micrbe-killing chemicals.
Many disinfectants (消毒剂) used tday can harm the envirnment. They frm pisnus by-prducts when they get washed. Sme ptentially greener disinfectants exist. They rely n a chemical called “phenl (苯酚)”. But these cleaners can be cstly and take a lt f energy t make.
Shicheng Zhang went searching fr a better ptin. He’s an envirnmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Wd cntains many mlecules (分子) that lk like phenl. S Zhang wndered if micrbe-killing chemicals culd be btained frm sawdust thrugh a lw-cst and lw-energy prcess.
He and his fellw researchers cked mixtures f water and sawdust fr ne hur. They heated this sawdust sup under pressure, and then filtered it. Later, they tested hw well the liquid killed ff micrbes. This liquid wiped ut E.cli bacteria—micrbes that can cause fd pisning. The liquid als killed anthrax bacteria. These micrbes cause dangerus infectins. What’s mre, the disinfectant stpped flu viruses frm being infectius.
The researchers als added different amunts f water t the sawdust sup. That let them test hw cncentrated it had t be t knck ut micrbes. Depending n its cncentratin, the mix culd kill mre than 99 percent f the micrbes.
Lking at killed micrbes under a micrscpe revealed sme f the ways the sawdust mix kills. The disinfectant damaged the micrbes’ cell walls. It als may have messed with the micrbes’ prteins and DNA．
Zhang and his fellw researchers didn’t stp at a sawdust disinfectant. They made disinfectants frm ther plant materials, t. Sme f these started as bamb pwder. Others were made using rice plant. Plant materials that are richer in mlecules that release phenl-like cmpunds are best at killing micrbes. One example is crn straw.
20．What may be an advantage f Zhang’s sawdust disinfectant ver existing nes?
A．Being safer and mre effective.
B．Being envirnment-friendly and less expensive.
C．Being less expensive and having mre lasting effect.
D．Being mre effective and having mre lasting effect.
21．What gave Zhang the idea f the sawdust disinfectant?
A．The absence f micrbes in sawdust.B．The phenl-like mlecules in wd.
C．The existence f a greener disinfectant.D．The pssibility f being fd pisned.
22．Hw was Zhang’s research further carried ut?
A．By analyzing data frm previus studies.
B．By identifying the ways different disinfectants kill.
C．By imprving the prcess f dealing with by-prducts.
D．By cmparing the effects f different cncentratins f the mix.
23．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Public Drive Aims t Greener Disinfectants
B．A Chinese University Grws Micrbe-killing Plants
C．A Disinfectant Made frm Sawdust Kncks ut Micrbes
D．A Chinese Team Made Breakthrughs in Disease Research
【答案】20．B 21．B 22．D 23．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国复旦大学张教授团队从锯屑水中提取消毒剂的一项研究。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many disinfectants (消毒剂) used tday can harm the envirnment. They frm pisnus by-prducts when they get washed. Sme ptentially greener disinfectants exist. They rely n a chemical called “phenl (苯酚)”. But these cleaners can be cstly and take a lt f energy t make.(今天使用的许多消毒剂会危害环境。当它们被清洗时，会形成有毒的副产品。存在一些可能更环保的消毒剂。它们依赖于一种叫做“苯酚”的化学物质。但这些清洁剂价格昂贵，需要大量的能源来制造)”以及第三段“Shicheng Zhang went searching fr a better ptin. He’s an envirnmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Wd cntains many mlecules (分子) that lk like phenl. S Zhang wndered if micrbe-killing chemicals culd be btained frm sawdust thrugh a lw-cst and lw-energy prcess.(张士成开始寻找更好的选择。他是中国上海复旦大学的环境工程师。木材含有许多看起来像苯酚的分子。因此，张想知道是否可以通过低成本、低能耗的方法从锯末中获得杀死微生物的化学物质)”可知，与现有的木屑消毒剂相比，张的木屑消毒剂既环保又便宜。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“Wd cntains many mlecules (分子) that lk like phenl. S Zhang wndered if micrbe-killing chemicals culd be btained frm sawdust thrugh a lw-cst and lw-energy prcess.(木材含有许多看起来像苯酚的分子。因此，张想知道是否可以通过低成本、低能耗的方法从锯末中获得杀死微生物的化学物质)”可知，木材中的苯酚分子让张产生了木屑消毒剂的想法。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第五段“The researchers als added different amunts f water t the sawdust sup. That let them test hw cncentrated it had t be t knck ut micrbes. Depending n its cncentratin, the mix culd kill mre than 99 percent f the micrbes.(研究人员还在木屑汤中加入了不同量的水。这样他们就可以测试出杀灭微生物所需的浓度。根据其浓度的不同，这种混合物可以杀死99%以上的微生物)”可知，张的研究通过比较不同浓度混合物的效果进一步开展。故选D。
23．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Shicheng Zhang went searching fr a better ptin. He’s an envirnmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Wd cntains many mlecules (分子) that lk like phenl. S Zhang wndered if micrbe-killing chemicals culd be btained frm sawdust thrugh a lw-cst and lw-energy prcess.(张士成开始寻找更好的选择。他是中国上海复旦大学的环境工程师。木材含有许多看起来像苯酚的分子。因此，张想知道是否可以通过低成本、低能耗的方法从锯末中获得杀死微生物的化学物质)”结合文章主要介绍了中国复旦大学张教授团队从锯屑水中提取消毒剂的一项研究。可知，C选项“由锯末制成的消毒剂可以消灭微生物”最符合文章标题。故选C。
7.（2023·河北张家口·高三统考期末）
At present, research shws that when emplyees reach the age f 50, they keep quiet abut their age. They see fewer prmtin prspects cmpared t yunger emplyees. It’s als harder t get a new jb after the age f 50.
But that is set t change. There is already skills shrtage in the wrld with nt enugh yunger peple cming int the wrkfrce. Emplyers will have t wrk harder at hiring senirs with the skills they need.
The Center fr Ageing Better ntes that we already have an lder wrkfrce and the qualities f lder peple are being mre recgnized. When teams mix lder and yunger wrkers, prductivity ges up and cmplex prblems find mre nvel slutins because the strengths and weaknesses f bth grups are balanced. Age-diversity helps slve cmplex prblems by bringing tgether a mix f ideas, skill strengths, and experiences. Older wrkers can draw n a lifetime f experience while yunger wrkers may challenge utdated strategies and bring fresh perspective. Als, senirs’ greater life experience makes them better placed t manage themselves and thers in the wrkplace cmpared with yunger emplyees.
There are five recmmendatins the Center fr Ageing Better makes, including minimizing age bias (偏见) in taking in emplyees and encuraging career develpment at all ages. The really big change that needs t cme is t stp seeing lder peple as “ther”, as different…
There are many peple in their 80s and 90s wh have never stpped wrking. They enjy what they d and like the scial aspect f wrk. But mst, frm 55 nwards chse t retire—with 25% regretting it, accrding t a recent study.
24．What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Cmpetitin in the jb market.
B．Wrldwide skills shrtage in the wrkfrce.
C．Yunger peple’s declining prmtin prspects.
D．Older peple being at a disadvantage in wrkplaces.
25．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．Qualities f lder emplyees.
B．The advantages f age-diversity.
C．The challenges faced by an lder wrkfrce.
D．The cmplex prblems that call fr slutins.
26．What is the key t wrkfrce cmpsitin?
A．Minimizing age bias.
B．Giving up utdated strategies.
C．Launching career develpment prgrams.
D．Emplying peple frm different backgrunds.
27．What can be learned abut lder peple frm the last paragraph?
A．Sme regret after retirement.
B．Sme remain scial after retirement.
C．Mst dn’t retire until their 80s r 90s.
D．Mst keep updating their wrking skills.
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．A 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了老年人在生产力队伍中的作用正在获得更多认可的社会现象。
24．词句猜测题。根据第一段“At present, research shws that when emplyees reach the age f 50, they keep quiet abut their age. They see fewer prmtin prspects cmpared t yunger emplyees. It’s als harder t get a new jb after the age f 50.”(目前，研究表明，当员工达到50岁时，他们对自己的年龄保持沉默。与年轻员工相比，他们的晋升机会更少。50岁以后找新工作也更难了。)可知，人们到50岁后晋升前景黯淡，找工作难。所以第二段首句中“that”便是指代50岁以后找工作难的这种现象。故选D。
25．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“When teams mix lder and yunger wrkers, prductivity ges up and cmplex prblems find mre nvel slutins because the strengths and weaknesses f bth grups are balanced. Age-diversity helps slve cmplex prblems by bringing tgether a mix f ideas, skill strengths, and experiences. Older wrkers can draw n a lifetime f experience while yunger wrkers may challenge utdated strategies and bring fresh perspective. Als, senirs’ greater life experience makes them better placed t manage themselves and thers in the wrkplace cmpared with yunger emplyees.”（当团队中年长和年轻的员工混合在一起时，生产力会提高，复杂的问题也会找到更新颖的解决方案，因为两个团队的优势和劣势都得到了平衡。年龄多样性通过汇集各种想法、技能优势和经验，帮助解决复杂的问题。年长的员工可以利用一生的经验，而年轻的员工可以挑战过时的策略，带来新的视角。此外，与年轻员工相比，老年人更丰富的生活经验使他们更有能力在工作场所管理自己和他人。）可知，年龄结构多样化有利于提高工作效率，解决工作中的复杂问题，且与年轻员工相比，老年人更丰富的生活经验使他们更有能力在工作场所管理自己和他人，因此本段主要讲述年龄多样化的好处。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段“There are five recmmendatins the Center fr Ageing Better makes, including minimizing age bias (偏见) in taking in emplyees and encuraging career develpment at all ages. The really big change that needs t cme is t stp seeing lder peple as “ther”, as different…”（老龄改善中心提出了5条建议，包括在录用员工时尽量减少年龄偏见，以及鼓励各年龄段员工的职业发展。真正需要做出的重大改变是，不要再把老年人视为“异类”，视为与众不同……）可知，提出的5条建议的关注点是“消除职场中的年龄偏见。”故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But mst, frm 55 nwards chse t retire—with 25% regretting it, accrding t a recent study.”（但根据最近的一项研究，大多数人在55岁以后选择退休——25%的人对此感到后悔。）可知，多数人会选择55岁退休，其中的四分之一人会感到后悔。故选A。
8.（2023·福建省福州第一中学校考一模）
Stéphanie Frappart made histry n Thursday as the first wman t referee (裁判) a men’s Wrld Cup match. Alngside assistants Neuza Back frm Brazil and Karen Diaz frm Mexic, the Frenchwman was part f an all-female refereeing tri fficiating Csta Rica vs. Germany in their Grup E match.
Thrughut her career, Frappart has achieved a seemingly endless series f firsts. In April 2019, she became the first female referee t take charge f a Ligue 1 match, in August 2019, the first t take charge f a majr men’s Eurpean match, and in 2020, the first t fficiate a men’s UEFA Champins League match.
At the Wrld Cup,a referee might make 245 decisins in a single game, Sky Sprts estimates, and if just ne is wrng, it will be analyzed in micrscpic detail.
It culd alter the curse f a game, r even a team’s Wrld Cup-denying it a title r ensuring it prgresses n further in the turnament. “When yu make a mistake, it’s mre imprtant than if a player makes a mistake-there are mre cnsequences fr the teams,” Frappart says. “It’s als easy t say that it’s the fault f the referee and nt the fault f ur team when yu lse.”
Inevitably, female referees are carefully examined, as they straddle (跨越) tw traditinally male-dminated fields: ftball and leadership. “There are many questins invlved if she’s there because she’s a wman.” Frappart recalls when she made her debut in Ligue. “It’s nt nly in ftball. I think in every jb when yu’re a wman yu need t prve that yu have the quality and after that they let yu cntinue.” But as Frappart refereed mre matches, the stance twards her gradually changed. “Nw, it’s nt a questin f gender. It’s nw nly a questin abut cmpetencies.”
With wmen refereeing, the matches at the Qatar Wrld Cup bradcast t huge audiences wrldwide. Frappart knew it encuraged mre wmen t pick up a whistle and take mre and mre respnsibility. “S if yu have mre female referees n the TV perhaps it might make it easier fr wmen t say: ‘OK, this is pssible.’”
28．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Frappart’s life experience.B．Frappart’s achievements.
C．Frappart’s cntributins.D．Frappart’s habits.
29．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Frappart’s jb as a referee?
A．Creative and rewarding.B．Challenging but inspiring.
C．Difficult and meaningless.D．Easy but trublesme.
30．The underlined wrds “made her debut ” in paragraph 5 means _______ .
A．made a speechB．made full preparatins
C．made her first appearanceD．made a living
31．What can we learn abut Frappart?
A．The Qatar Wrld Cup drew huge audiences fr wmen refereeing.
B．It’s easy t put the blame fr teams’failures n referees.
C．Frappart impressed the wrld with cmpetencies in her first match.
D．In August 2019, Frappart was the first female referee in a Ligue 1 match.
【答案】28．B 29．B 30．C 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了执裁男子世界杯比赛的第一位女性 Frappart 的相关事迹。
28．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thrughut her career, Frappart has achieved a seemingly endless series f firsts. In April 2019, she became the first female referee t take charge f a Ligue 1 match, in August 2019, the first t take charge f a majr men’s Eurpean match, and in 2020, the first t fficiate a men’s UEFA Champins League match.(在她的职业生涯中，Frappart取得了一系列看似无穷无尽的第一。2019年4月，她成为第一位主裁判法甲比赛的女裁判；2019年8月，她成为第一位主裁判欧洲男子主要比赛的女裁判；2020年，她成为第一位主裁判欧洲男子冠军联赛比赛的女裁判)”可知，本段主要介绍Frappart的成就。故选 B。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Inevitably, female referees are carefully examined, as they straddle (跨越) tw traditinally male-dminated fields: ftball and leadership. “There are many questins invlved if she’s there because she’s a wman.”(不可避免地，女裁判会受到仔细的审查，因为她们横跨两个传统上由男性主导的领域：足球和领导力。“如果她是因为女性才去那里，那就会有很多问题。”)”可推断， Frappart 执裁男子比赛具有挑战性。根据第六段“Frappart knew it encuraged mre wmen t pick up a whistle and take mre and mre respnsibility.(Frappart知道，这鼓励了更多的女性拿起哨子，承担越来越多的责任)”可推断，Frappart的工作激励着其他女性。故选B。
30．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“In April 2019, she became the first female referee t take charge f a Ligue 1 match(2019年4月，她成为第一位主裁判法甲比赛的女裁判)”可推断，Frappart回忆起她在法甲首次亮相时的情景。由此推知，划线词组“首次露面；初次登场”之意。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Frappart says. “It’s als easy t say that it’s the fault f the referee and nt the fault f ur team when yu lse.”(Frappart说。“当你输球时，我们也很容易说这是裁判的错，而不是我们球队的错。”)”可知，人们很容易把球队的失败归咎于裁判。故选B。
9.（2023·福建莆田·统考模拟预测）
Frm the mment we are brn, we interact with the wrld thrugh mvement. We mve ur lips t smile r t talk. We extend ur hand t tuch. Hw des ur brain remember this wide range f mtins? Hw des it learn new nes? Hw des it make the calculatins necessary fr us t grab a glass f water, withut drpping it, squashing it, r missing it?
Technin Prfessr Jackie Schiller frm the Ruth and Bruce Rappaprt Faculty f Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neurn (单神经元) level t shed light n this mystery. They fund that calculatin happens nt just in the interactin between neurns, but within each individual neurn. It turns ut that each f these cells is nt a simple switch, but a cmplicated calculating machine.
This discvery, published recently in the Science, prmises changes nt nly t ur understanding f hw the brain wrks, but better understanding f cnditins ranging frm Parkinsn’s disease t autism. And if that isn’t enugh, these same findings are expected t advance machine learning, prviding inspiratin fr new architectures.
“We used t think f each neurn as a srt f whistle, which either rings, r desn’t,” Prf. Schiller explains. “Instead, we are lking at a pian. Its keys can be struck at the same time, r in rder, prducing an infinity (无限) f different tunes.” This cmplex music playing in ur brains is what enables us t learn and perfrm an infinity f different, cmplex and precise mvements.
These same findings can als serve as an inspiratin fr the machine learning cmmunity. Deep neural netwrks, as their name suggests, attempt t create sftware that learns and functins smewhat similarly t a human brain. Althugh their advances cnstantly make the news, these netwrks are primitive cmpared t a living brain. A better understanding f hw ur brain actually wrks can help in designing mre cmplex neural netwrks, enabling them t perfrm mre cmplex tasks.
32．Why des the authr raise the questins in paragraph 1?
A．T pursue answers.B．T raise his puzzles.
C．T intrduce the tpic.D．T share his interest
33．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The result f the research.
B．The functin f a single neurn.
C．The way the research was cnducted.
D．The aspects the discvery can be applied t.
34．What des Schiller stress in her explanatin in paragraph 4?
A．The way that neurns wrk.
B．The music that neurns play.
C．The difficulties that researchers encunter.
D．The prcess where neurns prduce memry.
35．What might be the best title fr the text?
A．Individual Neurn Wrks like a Pian
B．Calculatin Happens Between Neurns like a Machine
C．Cmplex Neural Netwrks in the Brain Enable Peple t Learn
D．The Mystery f Learning and Remembering Mvement Has Been Uncvered
【答案】32．C 33．D 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们的大脑是如何记住每一个动作的呢？它如何学习新的知识？Jackie Schiller教授和她的团队在单神经元水平上检查了大脑，揭开了谜团。
32．推理判断题。根据第一段“Frm the mment we are brn, we interact with the wrld thrugh mvement. We mve ur lips t smile r t talk. We extend ur hand t tuch. Hw des ur brain remember this wide range f mtins? Hw des it learn new nes? Hw des it make the calculatins necessary fr us t grab a glass f water, withut drpping it, squashing it, r missing it? (从我们出生的那一刻起，我们就通过运动与世界互动。我们动嘴唇是为了微笑或说话。我们伸出手去触摸。我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？它是如何学习新知识的？它是如何进行必要的计算，让我们抓起一杯水，而不掉到地上，压扁它，或者错过它？)”，第二段第一句“Technin Prfessr Jackie Schiller frm the Ruth and Bruce Rappaprt Faculty f Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neurn (单神经元) level t shed light n this mystery. (以色列理工学院鲁斯和布鲁斯·拉帕波特医学院的杰基·席勒教授和她的团队在单个神经元水平上检查了大脑，以揭示这个谜团)”可知，作者从我们日常生活中所做的动作开始，提出了几个问题，是为了引入话题——我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？故选C项。
33．主旨大意题。根据第三段“This discvery, published recently in the Science, prmises changes nt nly t ur understanding f hw the brain wrks, but better understanding f cnditins ranging frm Parkinsn’s disease t autism. And if that isn’t enugh, these same findings are expected t advance machine learning, prviding inspiratin fr new architectures. (最近发表在《科学》杂志上的这一发现，不仅有望改变我们对大脑工作方式的理解，还有望更好地理解从帕金森病到自闭症等各种疾病。如果这还不够，这些相同的发现有望推动机器学习，为新架构提供灵感)”可知，这一发现有助于我们对大脑工作方式的新的理解，还可帮助我们更好地理解各种疾病、推动机器学习，因此本段主要介绍了该发现可以应用的方面。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘We used t think f each neurn as a srt f whistle, which either rings, r desn’t,’ Prf. Schiller explains. ‘Instead, we are lking at a pian. Its keys can be struck at the same time, r in rder, prducing an infinity (无限) f different tunes.’ (席勒教授解释说：‘我们过去把每个神经元看作一种哨子，要么响，要么不响。相反，我们看到的是一架钢琴。它的琴键可以同时敲击，也可以按顺序敲击，从而产生无限不同的曲调。’)”可知，Schiller推翻了以往的对神经元的工作原理的理解，而是把神经元比喻成一架钢琴，强调的是神经元的运作方式。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Hw des ur brain remember this wide range f mtins? Hw des it learn new nes? (我们的大脑是如何记住如此广泛的动作的呢？它是如何学习新知识的？)”，第二段“Technin Prfessr Jackie Schiller frm the Ruth and Bruce Rappaprt Faculty f Medicine and her team examined the brain at a single-neurn (单神经元) level t shed light n this mystery. They fund that calculatin happens nt just in the interactin between neurns, but within each individual neurn. It turns ut that each f these cells is nt a simple switch, but a cmplicated calculating machine.(以色列理工学院鲁斯和布鲁斯·拉帕波特医学院的杰基·席勒教授和她的团队在单个神经元水平上检查了大脑，以揭示这个谜团。他们发现，计算不仅发生在神经元之间的相互作用中，而且发生在每个单独的神经元内部。事实证明，这些细胞中的每一个都不是一个简单的开关，而是一个复杂的计算机器。)”可知，科学家揭开了人脑学习和记忆动作的奥秘，“The Mystery f Learning and Remembering Mvement Has Been Uncvered (学习和记忆运动的奥秘已被揭开)”适合作本文标题。故选D项。
10.（2023·浙江宁波·统考模拟预测）
Artificial intelligence (AI) has becme a fashin wrd in recent years, and its impact n sciety is grwing rapidly. AI refers t the develpment f cmputer systems that can perfrm tasks that wuld typically require human intelligence, such as learning, prblem-slving, and decisin-making. This technlgy is transfrming every industry, frm healthcare t finance, and is expected t revlutinize the future.
One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-pwered tls can analyze vast amunts f medical data and help dctrs make mre infrmed diagnses and treatment decisins. This technlgy is particularly useful in fields such as radilgy, where AI algrithms can analyze medical images t detect abnrmalities that may be missed by human eyes.
In finance, AI is being used t analyze vast amunts f data t identify patterns and predict market trends. This technlgy can help traders make mre infrmed decisins and reduce the risks f financial lsses. Similarly, AI -pwered chatbts are being used in custmer service, helping t imprve respnse times and prvide persnalized supprt.
As the use f AI grws, cncerns abut jb displacement have als arisen. Sme fear that AI-pwered machines and rbts will replace human wrkers, leading t mass unemplyment. While this is a pssibility, it is als imprtant t nte that AI will create new jbs in fields such as data analysis, sftware develpment, and rbtics.
Anther majr cncern abut Al is the ptential fr bias and discriminatin. AI algrithms are nly as gd as the data they are trained n, and if that data cntains biases, the algrithms will als be biased. This issue is particularly cncerning in fields such as criminal justice, where AI-pwered systems are being used t make decisins abut sentencing. If these algrithms are biased, they culd make existing inequalities cntinue in the criminal justice system.
Despite these cncerns, the benefits f AI are numerus and undeniable. Hwever, t ensure that these benefits are accessible t all and t address cncerns abut bias and discriminatin, it is crucial t cntinue researching and develping mral AI.
36．Al utweighs humans in healthcare in that it .
A．stps financial risks.B．ensures precise judgement.
C．recgnizes market tendency.D．ffers persnalized services.
37．What is ne f the majr cncerns f AI?
A．New jbs will be unavailable.B．Algrithms will be ut f date.
C．Unfairness may arise in criminal justice system.D．A large number f human wrkers will be laid ff.
38．Hw des the writer mainly develp this text?
A．By stating facts and citing qutes.
B．By shwing different ideas and giving reasns.
C．By presenting influences and listing examples.
D．By cmparing research results and ffering suggestins.
39．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Artificial Intelligence: Becming a Fashin Wrd
B．Artificial Intelligence: Revlutinizing the Future
C．Artificial Intelligence: Bettering Decisin Making
D．Artificial Intelligence: Imprving Human Abilities
【答案】36．B 37．D 38．C 39．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能在医疗保健和金融的影响以及人们对人工智能的担忧。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One area where AI is making significant strides is healthcare. AI-pwered tls can analyze vast amunts f medical data and help dctrs make mre infrmed diagnses and treatment decisins.(人工智能正在取得重大进展的一个领域是医疗保健。人工智能驱动的工具可以分析大量的医疗数据，并帮助医生做出更知情的诊断和治疗决定)”可知，在医疗保健方面，人工智能的重要性超过了人类，因为它确保了准确的判断。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据第四段“Sme fear that AI-pwered machines and rbts will replace human wrkers, leading t mass unemplyment.(一些人担心，人工智能驱动的机器和机器人将取代人类工人，导致大规模失业)”可知，人工智能的主要关注点之一是大量的人类工人将被解雇。故选D。
38．推理判断题。根据第一段“This technlgy is transfrming every industry, frm healthcare t finance, and is expected t revlutinize the future.(这项技术正在改变从医疗保健到金融的每个行业，预计将彻底改变未来)”；第二段“This technlgy is particularly useful in fields such as radilgy, where AI algrithms can analyze medical images t detect abnrmalities that may be missed by human eyes.(该技术在放射学等领域尤其有用，在这些领域，人工智能算法可以分析医学图像，以检测人眼可能错过的异常)”结合文章分别论述了人工智能在医疗保健和金融行业的影响，可推知，作者通过展示影响和列举例子来展开文章。故选C。
39．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI) has becme a fashin wrd in recent years, and its impact n sciety is grwing rapidly. AI refers t the develpment f cmputer systems that can perfrm tasks that wuld typically require human intelligence, such as learning, prblem-slving, and decisin-making. This technlgy is transfrming every industry, frm healthcare t finance, and is expected t revlutinize the future.(人工智能近年来已经成为一个时尚词汇，它对社会的影响正在迅速增长。人工智能是指开发计算机系统，可以执行通常需要人类智能的任务，如学习、解决问题和决策。这项技术正在改变从医疗保健到金融的每个行业，预计将彻底改变未来)”结合文章主要说明了人工智能在医疗保健和金融的影响以及人们对人工智能的担忧。故B选项“人工智能：变革未来”符合文章标题。故选B。
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