2024北京高考冲刺英语大刷题之常考短文部分（三）

这是一份2024北京高考冲刺英语大刷题之常考短文部分（三），共9页。

(2019·海淀模拟) 阅读理解
Science is finally beginning t embrace animals wh were, fr a lng time, cnsidered secnd-class citizens.
As Annie Ptts f Canterbury University has nted, chickens distinguish amng ne hundred chicken faces and recgnize familiar individuals even after mnths f separatin. When given prblems t slve, they reasn: hens trained t pick clred buttns smetimes chse t give up an immediate fd reward fr a slightly later (and better) ne. Healthy hens may aid friends, and murn when thse friend die.
Pigs respnd meaningful t human symbls. When a research team led by Candace Crney at Penn State University carried wden blcks marked with X and O symbls arund pigs, nly the O carriers ffered fd t the animals. The pigs sn ignred the X carriers in favr f the O's. Then the team switched frm real-life bjects t T-shirts printed with X r O symbls. Still, the pigs walked nly tward the O-shirted peple: they had transferred their knwledge t a tw-dimensinal frmat, a nt incnsiderable feat f reasning.
I've been guilty f prejudiced expectatins, myself. At the start f my career almst fur decades ag, I was firmly cnvinced that mnkeys and apes ut-think and ut-feel ther animals. They're ther primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals frm ur wn mammalian(哺乳动物的) class. Fairly sn, I came t see that alng with ur clsest living relatives, whales t are masters f cultural learning, and elephants express prfund jy and murning with their scial cmpanins. Lng-term studies in the wild n these mammals helped t fuel a viewpint shift in ur sciety: the public n lnger s easily accepts mnkeys made t underg painful prcedure kin labratries, elephants frced t perfrm in circuses, and dlphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, thugh, as I began t braden ut even further and explre the inner lives f fish, chickens, pigs, gats, and cws, I started t wnder: Will the new science f "fd animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revlutin in terms f wh we eat? In ther wrds, will ur ethics start t catch up with the develpment f ur science?
Animal activists are already there, f curse, cmmitted t nt eating these animals. But what abut the rest f us? Can paying attentin t the thinking and feeling f these animals lead us t make changes in wh we eat?
（1） Accrding t Annie Ptts, hens have the ability f_____________.
（2） The research int pigs shws that pigs___________.
（3） Paragraph 4 is mainly abut________.
（4） What might be the best title fr the passage?
(2)
(2018高二上·深圳期中) 阅读理解
The Basics f Math—Made Clear
Basic Math intrduces students t the basic cncepts f mathematics, as well as the fundamentals f mre tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed t prvide students with an understanding f arithmetic and t prepare them fr Algebra(代数) and beynd.
The lessns in Basic Math cver every basic aspect f arithmetic. They als lk int expnents(指数), the rder f peratins, and square rts. In additin t learning hw t perfrm varius mathematical peratins, students discver why these peratins wrk, hw a particular mathematical tpic relates t ther branches f mathematics, and hw these peratins can be used practically.
Basic Math starts frm the relatively easier cncepts and gradually mves n t the mre trublesme nes, s as t allw fr steady and sure understanding f the material by students. The lectures ffer students the chance t “make sense” f mathematical knwledge that may have seemed s frightening. They als help students prepare fr cllege mathematics and vercme their anxiety abut this amazing—and cmpletely understandable—field f study.
By the cnclusin f the curse, students will have imprved their understanding f basic math. They will be able t clear away the mystery(神秘性) f mathematics and face their studies with mre cnfidence than they ever imagined. In additin, they will strengthen their ability t accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.
Prfessr H. Siegel, hnred by Kentucky Educatinal Televisin as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devted teacher and has a gift fr explaining mathematical cncepts in ways that make them seem clear and bvius. Frm the basic cncrete ideas t the mre abstract prblems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.
With a PhD in Mathematics Educatin frm Gergia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizna Cllege. His curses include varius make-up classes and a number f lectures fr future primary schl teachers.
If the curse fails t prvide cmplete satisfactin t yu, yu can easily exchange it fr any ther curse that we ffer. Or yu can get yur mney back.
（1） What des the curse Basic Math mainly cver?
（2） What benefits can students expect frm Basic Math?
（3） What can we learn abut Prfessr H. Siegel?
（4） Where is the passage mst likely t have been taken frm?
(3)
(2018高二上·南昌月考) 阅读理解
Prudly reading my wrds, I glanced arund the rm, nly t find my classmates bearing big smiles n their faces and tears in their eyes. Cnfused, I glanced tward my stne-faced teacher. Having n chice, I slwly raised the reprt I had slaved ver, hping t hide myself. “What culd be causing everyne t act this way?”
Quickly, I flashed back t the day Miss Lancelt gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new schl. It seemed simple: g n the Internet and find infrmatin abut a man named Gerge Washingtn. Since my idea f histry came frm an ancient teacher in my hme cuntry, I had never heard f that name befre. As I searched the name f this fellw, it became evident that there were tw peple bearing the same name wh lked cmpletely different! One invented hundreds f uses fr peanuts, while the ther led sme srt f army acrss America. I stared at the screen, wndering which ne my teacher meant. I called my grandfather fr a glden piece f advice; flip (掷) a cin. Heads—the cmmander, and tails—the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my reprt wuld be abut the great man wh invented peanut butter, Gerge Washingtn Carver.
Weeks later, standing befre this unfriendly mass, I was ttally lst. Oh well, I lwered the paper and sat dwn at my desk,burningt find ut what I had dne wrng. As a classmate began his reprt, it all became clear, “My reprt is n Gerge Washingtn, the man wh started the American Revlutin.” The whle wrld became quite! Hw culd I knw that she meant that Gerge Washingtn?
Obviusly, my grade was awful. Heartbrken but fearless, I decided t turn this arund. I talked t Miss Lancelt, but she insisted: N re-ds; n new grade. I felt that the punishment was nt justified, and I believed I deserved a secnd chance. Cnsequently, I threw myself heartily int my wrk fr the rest f the schl year. Ten mnths later, that chance unflded as I fund myself sitting in the headmaster's ffice with my grandfather, nw having an entirely different cnversatin. I smiled and flashed back t the embarrassing mment at the beginning f the year as the headmaster infrmed me f my ptin t skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!
（1） What did the authr's classmates think abut his reprt?
（2） Why was the authr cnfused abut the task?
（3） The underlined wrd “burning” in Para. 3 prbably means _______.
（4） In the end, the authr turned things arund _______.