2024北京高考冲刺英语大刷题之常考短文部分（一）

这是一份2024北京高考冲刺英语大刷题之常考短文部分（一），共28页。

(2020高二上·安庆期中) 阅读理解
Lsing a wallet is ne f thse careless acts mst f us have cme acrss, at sme pint r the ther in ur lives. While mst f us tend t mve n after murning ver the lst necessities, there are a few lucky nes wh get them back, with the help f the plice r the genersity f the persn wh finds it.
And then there is Hunter Shamatt, wh nt nly gt back his wallet but with sme added happiness that was tagged alng!
Hunter was n his way t attend his sister's wedding n a Las Vegas-bund flight when he realized that he has misplaced his wallet, smetime during the jurney. Hunter's family reached ut t the Frntier flight t enquire if smene had handed it ver t them. Unfrtunately, there was n sign f the missing wallet.
But wait. The stry was far frm ver. Just a week after Hunter's sister's wedding, he received a package in his mail. And guess what? There was his wallet! Surprisingly, the wallet was nt the nly thing that was inside the package. It als had a handwritten nte fr Hunter which turned ut t be a bnus! The piece f paper read,
"Hunter, Fund this n a Frntier flight frm Omaha t Denver — rw 12, seat F wedged between the seat and wall. Thught yu might want it back. All the best.
P.S. I runded yur cash up t an even $100, s yu culd celebrate getting yur wallet back. HAVE FUN!!!"
Mved by the tuching gesture, Hunter's mm, Jeannie Shamatt, decided t write a pst n Facebk giving a detailed descriptin f the incident. She als urged everyne t share the pst as she wuld like t meet and greet the persn behind the act f kindness, persnally.
Nw, thanks t the astnishing pwer f scial media, the pst finally reached the man behind the nte. The man was identified as Tdd Brwn and it was ne f his c-wrkers wh made sure Jeannie Shamatt's pst reaches his clleague. Jeannie turned t Facebk again t thank Brwn and his family fr restring her faith in humanity.
"I try t teach my children t d the right things in life, help peple when yu can regardless f the utcme. This stry is mre abut restring faith in peple than anything. We hear a lt f bad news but nt enugh gd news. I persnally want t thank Tdd Brwn and his wife fr restring faith that there are amazing peple ut there."
（1） Hw did Hunter Shamatt get his wallet back?
（2） What things were fund in the package?
（3） Hw did Hunter's mm feel after receiving the package?
（4） What des the authr intend t cnvey?
(2)
(2020高二上·桂林期中) 阅读理解
New App Helps Peple Remember Faces
Large gatherings such as weddings and cnferences can be scially verwhelming. Pressure t learn peple's names nly adds t the stress. A new facial-recgnitin app culd cme t the rescue, but privacy experts recmmend prceeding with cautin.
The app, called ScialRecall, cnnects names with faces via smartphne cameras and facial recgnitin, ptentially aviding the need fr frmal intrductins. "It breaks dwn these scial barriers we all have when meeting smebdy," says Barry Sandrew, wh created the app and tested it at an event attended by abut 1,000 peple.
After receiving an invitatin t dwnlad ScialRecall frm an event rganizer, the user is asked t take tw selfies and sign in via scial media. At the event, the app is active within a previusly defined gegraphical area. When a user pints his r her phne camera at an attendee's face, the app identifies the individual, displays the persn's name, and links t his r her scial media prfile. T prtect privacy, it recgnizes nly thse wh have agreed t participate. And the app's creatrs say it autmatically deletes users' data after an event.
Ann Cavukian, a privacy expert wh runs the Privacy by Design Center f Excellence praises the app's creatrs fr these prtective measures. She cautins, hwever, that when peple chse t share their persnal infrmatin with the app, they shuld knw that "there may be unintended cnsequences dwn the rad with that infrmatin being used in anther cntext that might cme back t bite yu."
The start-up has als develped a versin f the app fr individuals wh suffer frm prspagnsia, r "face blindness," a cnditin that prevents peple frm recgnizing individuals they have met. T use this app, a persn first acquires an image f smene's face, frm either the smartphne's camera r a phtgraph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spts that same face in real life, the previusly entered infrmatin is displayed. The cllected data are stred nly n a user's phne, accrding t the team behind the app.
（1） ScialRecall is used t ________.
（2） Paragraph 3 is mainly abut ________.
（3） ScialRecall helps peple with prspagnsia by ________.
（4） What can we learn abut ScialRecall frm the passage?
(3)
(2022高三上·旬邑月考) 阅读理解
I can prudly say that last year I brke the recrd fr the ldest persn in the wrld t ride a rller-caster. I'm 105, but I feel yunger. Even the dctr agrees I'm in gd cnditin. I'm a bit deaf and my legs feel weak, but they are the nly issue.
I rde the Twistsaurus at Flaming Land, which spins yu rund quite fast. I didn't chse t g n that. I'd have preferred a really fast ne that went upside dwn. But I was tld I culdn't ride smething like that, because my bld pressure culd drp and I might have sme danger.
I wasn't nervus — I dn't get frightened f anything. I was securely fastened, s I knew I wuldn't fall ut. The rller-caster ride went n fr three r fur minutes, and it culdn't be a better experience. And I raised a lt f mney fr the Derbyshire, Leicestershire & Rutland Air Ambulance fund, which was fantastic.
Peple were saying I'd gt a place in the Guinness Wrld Recrds. Later, smene came t present me with the certificate. I had it n the wall in my living rm, with anther ne that gt a year earlier.
My recrd-breaking ways really began a cuple f years ag, with the ice-bucket challenge. It turned ut that I was prbably the ldest persn in the wrld t d it, and the vide was very ppular. After that, I stared t think abut what else I culd d t raise mney fr different charities.
I'm nt sure if anyne admires all the fun I'm having. They just say I'm daft and that's abut it. But I've had many gd days and many exciting times. I've had a really gd life. I dn't think I've wasted any f it.
（1） Why didn't the authr chse t g n riding the Twistsaurus?
（2） Hw did the authr mst prbably react while riding the rller-caster?
（3） What d yu knw abut the authr frm Paragraph 4?
（4） What des the underlined wrd “daft” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
(4)
(2019高三上·四川期中) 阅读理解
Crprate culture is the values and beliefs a cmpany develps ver time. The rle f crprate culture is t imprve a cmpany's missin and strategies, with lng-term hpes f imprvements in a cmpany's prfit. Mstly crprate culture cmes frm a cmpany's tp management.
One rle f crprate culture is t influence emplyee behavir, hnesty, and cmpliance（服从）. A cmpany des nt have t necessarily create a direct influence fr these actins. A direct influence may be a set f written regulatins r ther plicies, and while these may be in place, the crprate culture is usually mre f an indirect influence.
While many cmpanies try t create crprate culture thrugh the use f written plicies, its rle is harder t define. The human factr has an influence n hw crprate culture is expressed. The way uppermanagement acts and reacts t varius situatins defines hw lwer-level emplyees will act, and this aspect may be mre imprtant than any written plicy.
A cmpany's crprate culture can als extend beynd the walls f the business. Cnsumers wh believe a cmpany t be hnest and frthright（直率）may be mre lyal in their buying behavir. Emplyees in a cmpany's custmer service department can als exhibit psitive crprate culture t utside individuals. In this case, the culture creates a link between the cmpany's emplyees and its custmers. Hw custmers react may be a direct result frm the cmpany's crprate culture.
Prduct quality can als be influenced by a cmpany's crprate culture. Cmpanies that fcus nly n prfits may decide t avid high-quality materials in prducts, but try t suggest that the prducts are f higher quality than they really are. This negative culture can then result in lwer brand lyalty with cnsumers.
（1） What d we knw abut crprate culture frm this passage?
（2） Which f the fllwing is mre efficient in creating crprate culture?
（3） What can we infer frm the furth paragraph?
（4） Which wrd can describe the cmpanies mentined in the last paragraph?
(5)
(2019高三上·四川期中) 阅读理解
Ec-Resrt Management
Ecturism is ften regarded as a frm f nature-based turism and has becme an imprtant alternative surce f turists. In additin t prviding the traditinal resrt-leisure prduct, it has been argued that ecturism resrt(度假村) management shuld have a particular fcus n best-practice envirnmental management. Curan Cve Resrt is such a turist attractin lcated n Suth Stradbrke Island, Australia.
Sustainable(可持续的) Practices f Curan Cve Resrt
Suth Stradbrke Island is separated frm the mainland by the Bradwater, which is hme t a wide range f plant cmmunities. Lcated n the ffshre island, the Resrt is nly accessible by means f water transprtatin. It prvides hurly ferry service frm the harbur n the mainland t and frm the island. Within the Resrt, transprt mdes include walking trails, bicycle tracks and the beach train. The receptin area is the cunter f the shp which has nt changed in 8 years at least. The accmmdatin is an ctagnal(八角形的) building. These are large rms that are clean but the equipment is ld and in sme cases just wrking. The ceiling fan nly wrks at high speed fr example. Beds are hard but clean. There is a televisin, a radi, an ld air cnditiner and a small fridge in each rm.
As an ecturism-based resrt, mst f the planning and develpment f the attractin has been cncentrated n the need t c-exist with the natural envirnment f Suth Stradbrke Island t achieve sustainable develpment.
Water and Energy Management
There is grundwater at the centre f the island, which has a maximum height f 3 metres abve sea level. The water supply is recharged by rainfall and is cmmnly knwn as an freshwater aquifer(含水层). Curan Cve Island Resrt btains its water supply by tapping int this aquifer and cllecting it thrugh a pipe. In rder t narrw the water uses, all laundry activities are carried ut n the mainland. The Resrt uses LPG pwer statin rather than a fuel il statin fr its energy supply, supplemented(补充) by wind pwer, which has reduced greenhuse emissins by 70%. Ht water in the ec-cabins and fr sme f the Resrt's vehicles is slar-pwered. Water efficient fittings are als installed in shwers and tilets. Visitrs wh stay at the Resrt are encuraged t mnitr their water and energy usage by an in-huse televisin system, and are rewarded with prizes (such as a free return trip t the Resrt) accrdingly if their usage level is lw.
Evaluatin
In three years f peratin, Curan Cve Island Resrt has wn 23 internatinal and natinal awards. It has effectively implemented cntemprary envirnmental management practices. Hwever, the Resrt's grwth will eventually be limited by its carrying capacity, and quantity cntrl shuld be incrprated in the management strategy f the Resrt.
（1） In rder t achieve sustainable develpment, the Resrt .
（2） What is applied fr heating water n Curan Cve Island Resrt?
（3） Accrding t the study, in the future what shuld the Resrt fcus n?
（4） Frm the passage we can knw that Curan Cve Island Resrt .
(6)
(2020高一下·大庆开学考) 阅读理解
Many f us listen t music while we wrk, thinking that it will help us t cncentrate n the task at hand. And in fact, recent research has fund that music can have beneficial effects n creativity. When it cmes t ther areas f perfrmance, hwever, the impact f backgrund music is mre cmplicated.
The idea that listening t music when wrking is beneficial t utput prbably has its rts in the s-called “Mzart effect”. Put simply, this is the finding that spatial rtatin perfrmance(空间旋转能力) is increased immediately after listening t the music f Mzart, cmpared t n sund at all.
Hw sund affects perfrmance has been the tpic f research fr ver 40 years, and is bserved thrugh a phenmenn called the irrelevant sund effect. T study irrelevant sund effect, participants in the research are asked t cmplete a simple task which requires them t recall a series f numbers r letters in the exact rder in which they saw them. The tricky thing is being able t d this while ignring any backgrund nise.
Tw key characteristics f the irrelevant sund effect are required fr its bservatin. First, the task must require the persn t use their rehearsal abilities(复述能力), and secnd, the sund must cntain acustical variatin(声学变化). Where the sund des nt vary much acustically, the perfrmance f the task is much clser t that bserved in quiet cnditins.
The irrelevant sund effect itself cmes frm attempting t prcess tw surces f rdered infrmatin at the same time—ne frm the task and ne frm the sund. Unfrtunately, nly the frmer is required t successfully perfrm the recall task, and the effrt in ensuring that irrelevant rder infrmatin frm the sund is nt prcessed actually hinders(阻碍) this ability.
A similar cnflict is als seen when reading while in the presence f lyrical music. In this situatin, the tw surces f wrds—frm the task and the sund—are in cnflict. The cst is prer perfrmance f the task in the presence f music with lyrics.
What this all means is that whether having music playing in the backgrund helps r hinders perfrmance depends n the task and n the type f music, and nly understanding this relatinship will help peple maximize their prductivity levels.
（1） “Mzart effect” is mentined t ________.
（2） It can be inferred that participants in the research ________.
（3） Paragraph 6 is written t ________.
（4） What is the best title fr the passage?
(7)
(2019高一下·深圳期中) 阅读理解
She will face the challenges f riding a bike t schl r nt being able t climb the mnkey bars during playtime. But little Ella Peggie, wh was brn withut her left arm, will get an extrardinary pprtunity t share a life-changing bnd with her new belved pet, three-legged puppy.
When her mther, Brke Hdgsn, saw the ne-year-ld puppy named Snwy, she knew instantly it wuld be the perfect cmpanin fr her ne-year-ld daughter. “My heart skipped a beat when I saw Snwy nline, ”Ms. Hdgsn said. It tk just three days fr the puppy, wh recently had surgery t remve a 1eg, t find a new hme after she was sent t the animal shelter last week.
“I knew she was ging t be perfect fr Ella—they share the same age s they bth have a lng life f friendship ahead f them. I just knw that Snwy is ging t increase her cnfidence when she is grwing up. It's ging t be great fr Ella when she realizes she's different r when she's having a bad day, she will see the resemblance and knw that she's nt alne. ”
Ms. Hdgsn has been tuched by the relatinship between the pair since the lively puppy became the latest additin t the family. And she believes the caring puppy will be by Ella's side thrugh the highs and lws f her life. Ms. Hdgsn said, “Every mrning Snwy lks fr Ella first befre she runs t anyne else. It's quite a unique link. I'm just thankful that I was able t give her this dg. I just can't wait fr them t get even clser. Nt many peple are able t d this fr their children s we're very lucky t have Snwy. I can't even explain hw I feel fight nw. ”The yung mther said Snwy, wh was welcmed int the family just a week ag, has been playing a very special part t Ella's life as well as her three-year-ld brther Blake and her father, Stewart Peggie.
（1） Hw did the mther feel when she saw the three-legged puppy nline?
（2） What des the phrase “the latest additin” in the last paragraph refer t?
（3） Why did the mther welcme the dg int her family?
（4） What is prbably the best title f the text?
(8)
(2023八上·莲湖期中) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
One evening, Catherine was at hme as usual. As her1swung between what she was ging t d with her life and their dinner plans fr the evening, she was unexpectedly2by an urgent call frm her sister “Get ver here! Turn n NBC and check these guys ut. They are just like yu…” One Facebk message and a phne interview later, Catherine3herself n a bus with 8 strangers in the middle f the sweltering desert heat f Utah, picking up trash and4awareness abut zer-waste and climate change.
With a deep5f the envirnment and a desire t make a6, Catherine, Davey, and a grup f self7“envirnmental pick-up artists” went n a cast t cast rad side trash pick-up. As they walked, smetimes nly80.9 miles in an entire day, they 9 and steadily made their way acrss the United States fr three years, picking up a ttal f 201,678 punds f trash.
Catherine and Davey10with us wnderful stries f hpe and inspiratin that fueled their11t cntinue their jurney. After spending weeks silently12hw she wuld have enugh13t fly hme fr their tw-week spring break, Catherine fund a blank, unidentified envelpe14with $850 cash in the desert. Just enugh t get her hme and back. After their bus15utside f Denver, they unexpectedly gt16and arrived in Ysemite Natinal Park three weeks later, just in time fr the “Ysemite Facelift” where17frm all ver the state came tgether with a18f cleaning up trash all ver the park.
Being at the right place at the right time became almst nrmal, and they realized that much f what they 19was mre than just a cincidence. Tgether, their team learned t simply 20themselves t their task, and surrender t the jurney.
（1）
A . hands B . balance C . thughts D . psitin
（2）
A . blamed B . interrupted C . mved D . frightened
（3）
A . drpped B . cheered C . fund D . taught
（4）
A . abandning B . shaking C . raising D . hiding
（5）
A . pride B . trust C . fear D . lve
（6）
A . difference B . prmise C . mistake D . plan
（7）
A . crrected B . described C . repeated D . discvered
（8）
A . driving B . fixing C . riding D . cvering
（9）
A . slwly B . secretly C . helplessly D . frequently
（10）
A . heard B . shared C . wrte D . read
（11）
A . effrts B . csts C . prblems D . chices
（12）
A . wrrying abut B . replying t C . depending n D . meeting with
（13）
A . time B . fd C . mney D . rm
（14）
A . equipped B . supplied C . decrated D . filled
（15）
A . set ff B . brke dwn C . headed fr D . held n
（16）
A . rest B . practice C . understanding D . help
（17）
A . members B . vlunteers C . turists D . reprters
（18）
A . purpse B . questin C . decisin D . lessn
（19）
A . intrduced B . expected C . experienced D . examined
（20）
A . turn B . limit C . cmpare D . devte
(9)
(2020高二下·桂林开学考) 完形填空
The Hmeless Her
Fr many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash wuld be a surce（来源）f temptatin（诱惑）. But the 1 wuld n dubt be greater if yu were living n the streets with little fd and mney. All f this makes the actins f the hmeless Tm Smith 2 mre remarkable.
After sptting a 3 n the frnt seat inside a parked car with its windw dwn, he std guard in the rain fr abut tw hurs waiting fr the 4 t return.
After hurs in the cld and wet, he 5 inside and pulled the wallet ut hping t find sme ID s he culd cntact（联系）the driver, nly t 6 it cntained £400 in ntes, with anther £50 in spare change beside it.
He then tk the wallet t a nearby plice statin after 7 a nte behind t let the wner knw it was safe. When the car's wner Jhn Andersn and his clleague Carl Lawrence returned t the car—which was itself wrth £35, 000—in Glasgw city centre, they were 8 t find tw plicemen standing next t it. The plicemen tld them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 9.
The pair were later able t thank Mr. Smith fr his 10.
Mr. Andersn said：＂I culdn't believe that the guy never tk a penny. T think he is sleeping n the streets tnight 11 he culd have stlen the mney and paid fr a place t stay in. This guy has nthing and 12 he didn't take the wallet fr himself；he thught abut thers 13. It's unbelievable. It just prves there are 14 guys ut there.＂
Mr. Smith's act 15 much f the public's attentin. He als wn praise frm scial media users after Mr. Andersn 16 abut the act f kindness n Facebk.
Nw Mr. Andersn has set up an nline campaign t 17 mney fr Mr. Smith and ther hmeless peple in the area, which by yesterday had received ￡8,000. ＂I think the faith that everyne has shwn 18 him has tuched him. Peple have been appraching him in the street; he's had jb 19 and all srts,＂ Mr. Andersn cmmented.
Fr Mr. Smith, this is a pssible life-changing 20. The stry nce again tells us that ne gd turn deserves anther.
（1）
A . hpe B . aim C . urge D . effrt
（2）
A . still B . even C . ever D . nce
（3）
A . wallet B . bag C . bx D . parcel
（4）
A . partner B . clleague C . wner D . pliceman
（5）
A . turned B . hid C . stepped D . reached
（6）
A . discver B . cllect C . check D . believe
（7）
A . taking B . leaving C . reading D . writing
（8）
A . satisfied B . excited C . amused D . shcked
（9）
A . safe B . missing C . fund D . seen
（10）
A . service B . supprt C . kindness D . encuragement
（11）
A . when B . if C . where D . because
（12）
A . rather B . yet C . already D . just
（13）
A . t B . thugh C . again D . instead
（14）
A . hnest B . plite C . rich D . generus
（15）
A . gave B . paid C . cast D . drew
（16）
A . learned B . psted C . cared D . heard
（17）
A . brrw B . raise C . save D . earn
（18）
A . f B . at C . fr D . in
（19）
A . details B . changes C . ffers D . applicatins
（20）
A . lessn B . adventure C . chance D . challenge
(10)
(2020高三上·北京期中) 阅读理解
Dear Kk,
I've learned abut yu frm my amazing teacher. I think it's fun that yu can cmmunicate with us humans by using the sign language. I've spent a lt f time watching yu in different vides and lve yu frm the bttm f my heart.
It's heartbreaking t learn abut all f the cruel things dne t grillas (大猩猩). In Africa, fr example, the killers use guns t kill yur fellws fr meat. They dn't understand the influence their actins are having n grillas. Anther thing is the lss f grillas' natural hme, which is caused by the imprved infrastructure such as building rads and airprts. When we cut dwn trees, yu becme hmeless. We take away yur shelter and surces f fd, leaving yu with very little chance f survival.
Sme f my classmates are writing t the relevant departments abut these serius prblems. Hpefully these letters will make a difference during yur lifetime. Over the past three mnths, my class has been researching n grillas, and I've learned s many things. Fr example, I've learned that yu have a lt f feelings similar t mine and yu are always s careful with everything yu d. I think that yu are really wrth saving.
We've cme up with many ideas t help yu and yur fellws. One f the best ideas is t cmmunicate with the President f the Wrld Bank and have him give mre financial supprt t the rganizatins fr grillas. Anther idea is t make public laws n the killers. I als think we need t keep educating peple abut grillas.
I lve writing t yu and hpe yu can understand hw imprtant yu've becme t ur class. Wuld it be t much t ask fr a return letter?
Mike
（1） Accrding t the passage, Kk is prbably ______.
（2） What is mainly talked abut in the secnd paragraph?
（3） The authr suggests that ______.