2024年青海省百所名校高考英语二模试卷(含解析)
展开一、阅读理解:本大题共15小题,共30分。
A
Thrughut histry,remarkable leaders have started t appear,leaving an indelible mark n their civilizatins and shaping the curse f human histry.Here are sme histrical leaders whse impact reverberated far beynd their lifetimes,leaving a lasting legacy that transfrmed the civilizatins they led.
Julius Caesar
As a brilliant military strategist and charming statesman,Caesar played a vital rle in the transfrmatin f the Rman Republic int the Rman Empire.His military cnquests,including the famus crssing f the Rubicn,expanded the Rman territries and altered the plitical landscape.Caesar's visin fr a centralized and stable Rme laid the grundwrk fr the imperial era,shaping the develpment f Western civilizatin.
Queen Elizabeth I
Queen Elizabeth I became the English thrne in the 16th century and entered a perid f cultural flurishing knwn as the Elizabethan Era.Under her rule.England saw remarkable achievements in literature,explratin and the arts,with master minds like William Shakespeare cntributing t the cultural renaissance.Elizabeth's reign nt nly strengthened England's status as a glbal pwer but als left an enduring legacy f artistic and intellectual brilliance.
Nelsn Mandela
Suth Africa in the 20th century bre witness t the transfrmative leadership f Nelsn Mandela.A symbl f resistance against apartheid(种族隔离).Mandela spent 27 years in prisn befre emerging as a unifying figure in seeking fr racial equality.Elected as Suth Africa's first Black president in 1994.Mandela made effrts t unify a divided natin.prmting frgiveness and inclusivity.
Emperr Qin Shi Huang
In ancient China,the remarkable leadership f Emperr Qin Shi Huang laid the grundwrk fr a unified and centralised state.As the first emperr f the Qin Dynasty,QinShi Huang standardised writing systems,currencies and measurements,fstering unity acrss diverse regins.Perhaps mst famusly,he initiated the cnstructin f the Great Wall f China as a defence against invasins.
1.What was Julius Caesar's majr influence? ______
A. The visin fr a military Rme.
B. The impact n Western civilizatin.
C. The fundatin f Rman Republic.
D. The expansin f the Rman landscape.
2.What did Nelsn Mandela fight fr? ______
A. Persnal right.B. Ecnmic bm.
C. Natinal pwer.D. Racial equality.
3.Wh unified the weights and measures? ______
A. Qin Shi Huang.B. Queen Elizabeth I.
C. Nelsn Mandela.D. Julius Caesar.
B
First established in 2000 t help thusands f wrking dnkeys in Israel and the Palestinian Territries,the charity Safe Haven fr Dnkeys has begun wrking with an Egyptian partner rganisatin,the Bridge Fundatin,t prvide care t the dnkeys in the ElSaf regin f Egypt.
Thusands f dnkeys and mules wrk in the brick kilns(砖窑) in Egypt,f which there are apprximately 1.000,carrying 1.4 t 1.6 tnnes f bricks and mving at an intense pace t prevent unfired bricks frm cracking in the heat.Due t a lack f expert veterinary(兽医)care,many f these animals are suffering intense pain frm harness wunds,beatings,teeth and hf issues and parasitic diseases spread by flies.
Nw a cllabratin between UK charity Safe Haven fr Dnkeys and Egyptian cmmunity develpment charity the Bridge Fundatin is prviding much-needed relief t these animals.The prject includes a mbile veterinary clinic which treats cmmn injuries and infectins and trains wners n hw t best lk after their dnkeys and mules.
Safe Haven fr Dnkeys CEO Andy Fxcrft said,"Currently,n ther animal welfare charity prvides veterinary interventins in these particular kilns,hence the need fr Safe Haven's expertise,n the grund.treating sick and injured animals and prviding training fr wners and lcal prfessinals(vets and farriers).This first year is vital as we hpe t make a lasting impact by reducing the unnecessary suffering f wrking animals.which sadly.is all t cmmn a feature in the brick kilns."
Safe Haven fr Dnkeys' wrk,which helps an estimated 10.000 animals a year.is made pssible by charitable dnatins that fund the treatment and training that they ffer.Yu can dnate at safehavenAdnkeys.rg.
4.What causes the sufferings f the dnkeys? ______
A. The needs f kilns and their wners' cruelty.
B. Lack f expert advice and fd shrtage.
C. Heavy wrk and shrtage f prper care.
D. Water shrtage and the heat f brick kilns.
5.Hw will Safe Haven fr Dnkeys help the wrking dnkeys? ______
A. Offering relief t them.B. Prviding training fr them.
C. Rescuing them frm hard wrk.D. Mnitring thse brick kilns.
6.What des Andy Fxcrft expect Safe Haven fr Dnkeys t d? ______
A. Bring abut mre prfessinal vets.
B. Treat sick and injured animals well.
C. Prvide prfessinal training fr wners.
D. Shift wrking animals' situatin lastingly.
7.What is the purpse f the last paragraph? ______
A. T call fr dnatins.B. T summarize the article.
C. T intrduce Safe Haven.D. T praise the wrk f Safe Haven.
C
Peple may frm inaccurate impressins abut us frm ur scial media psts,finds new Crnell University research that is the first t examine perceptins(认知) f ur persnalities based n nline psts.
An annlysis f nline status updates fund great difference between hw viewers saw the authrs acrss a range f persnality traits,and the authrs' self-perceptins.
Viewers rated the Internet users n average as having lwer self-esteem and being mre self-revealing,fr example.than the users rated themselves.Status updates cntaining phts,vides r links in additin t text facilitated mre accurate assessments than thse with just text.the researchers fund.
Overall,they said,the study sheds light n the dynamic prcess by which a cyber audience tries t make sense f wh we are frm islated fragments (碎片) f shared infrmatin,jintly cnstructing ur digital identity.
"The impressin peple frm abut us n scial media based n what we pst can differ frm the way we view urselves."said Qi Wang,prfessr f psychlgy and directr f the Culture &Cgnitin Lab."A mismatch between wh we are and hw peple perceive us culd influence ur ability t feel cnnected nline and the benefits f engaging in scial media interactin."
The Crnell researchers believe their study is the first t investigate audience perceptins f scial media users thrugh their psts.On platfrms,users ften share fragmentary persnal narratives while interacting with"friends"they may knw nly a little r smetimes nt at all.
Interestingly,the study fund that nline status updates generated perceptins f users that were cnsistent with cultural standards in ffline cntexts cncerning gender and ethnicity—even thugh viewers were blind t their identities.
Wang said the findings culd help develpers design interfaces that allw peple t express themselves mst authentically.
"If peple's view f us is very different frm wh we actually are,r hw we wuld like t be perceived,"Wang said,"it culd harm ur scial life and well-being."
8.What may yur nline psts lead t? ______
A. Authentic digital identity.B. Viewer's misjudgment f yu.
C. Less scial media interactin.D. Making mre nline friends.
9.Which f the fllwing will least reveal yur persnality? ______
A. A link with text.B. A pure vide pst.
C. A plain text pst.D. A text pst with phts.
10.Wh will be mst interested in these findings? ______
A. Online web viewers.B. Internet blggers.
C. Cmputer repairmen.D. Scial media develpers.
11.What des Wang think f the result f the research? ______
A. Prfitable.B. Meaningless.C. Useful.D. Unpractical.
D
A team f scientists frm Nanyang Technlgical University,Singapre ( NTUSingapre) has demnstrated that cmmunicatin amng memry-cding neurns(神经元)一nerve cells in the brain respnsible fr maintaining wrking memry—is disrupted with ageing and that this can begin in middle age.
Findings frm the study prvide new insights int the ageing prcess f the human mind.and pave the way fr therapies(治疗方法) t maintain the mental well-being f an ageing individual.
Scientists have lng studied the impact f ageing n the brain's executive functins,such as prer self-cntrl and wrking memry.While it is well established that memry can wrsen as peple age,it has nt been clear what changes ccur at the individual brain neurn level t cause this—until nw.
In lab experiments,the NTU scientists investigated hw neurns in mice f three different age grups—yung,middle age.and ld age—respnded t tasks that required memry.
The researchers shwed that cmpared t yung mice,middle-aged and ld mice required mre training sessins t learn new tasks,indicating sme decline in memry and learning abilities frm middle age.But beynd that,they als fund changes in the nerve cells f lder mice.
Using advanced ptical techniques that allw researchers t bserve multiple individual neurns and cntrl their activity,the NTU team discvered that neurns in ne part f the brain,the prefrntal crtex,shwed strng memry cding ability in yung mice.Hwever,this ability t hld memry diminishes in middle-aged and ld mice due t weakening cnnectins amng the neurns,which causes the mice t take lnger t recall and perfrm tasks.
Dr Jun Nishiyamn,Assistant Prfessr in the Neurscience and Behaviural Disrders prgramme at Duke-NUS Medical Schl said,"This research emphasises the imprtance f early,strategic interventins(干预) t cpe with cgnitive decline,prviding a vital framewrk fr future ageing research and brain health maintenance."
12.What is unknwn t scientists nw? ______
A. When memry begins t decrease.
B. Hw aging influences mental health.
C. What causes memry lss as peple age.
D. Whether memry may decrease with age.
13.Which can best replace the underlined wrd"diminishes"in paragraph 6? ______
A. stands utB. ges dwnC. cmes trueD. dies ut
14.Accrding t the research,what is key t fighting against cgnitive decline? ______
A. Strategic diet habit.B. Healthy living cnditin.
C. Early scientific preventin.D. Strengthening ageing research.
15.What is a suitable title fr the text? ______
A. Experiments cnducted t test cgnitive decline.
B. Neurns that are respnsible fr the aging prcess.
C. The imprtance f assessing the degree f memry lss.
D. The way aging weakens brain cells' ability t maintain memry.
二、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共10分。
S,if yu are ne f thse wh felt smething was missing,we recmmend rethinking yur philsphy t wrk and career.It may be time t reframe what being happy with yur career requires.The gd news is that there is a better path ut there waiting fr yu.(1) ______ .Here are sme prmpts t help yu break free frm the ld vicius cycle(恶性循环)and struggle inside fr a new virtuus ne:
Purpse inspired wrk
Is there a clear and appealing purpse t yur wrk?( 2) ______ ? Lk fr an pprtunity t wrk fr a cmpany with an inspiring purpse,r think abut starting ne f yur wn.Help further a cause
We under-estimate ur ability t d smething in additin.We can always find time fr smething we truly lve.(3) ______ .Nn-Gvernmental Organizatins always need vlunteers,new entrepreneurs always need advice,and there are many causes struggling t be heard.
( 4) ______
As time ges by.we lse sme f ur yuthful vigur (活力).Spend sme time reminding yurself f what mattered mst t yu in yur teens and early twenties.Smetimes we put these things t ne side while we start ur careers believing we will return t them and then frget.Make 2024 the year that yu fulfil any hidden prmises t yur yuth.
Reacquaint(重新熟悉) yurself with jy
( 5) ______ .Climb Kilimanjar,learn a new language r hw t write JavnScript.Whatever it is,cmmit yurself t smething that inspires yu t make 2024 mean smething greater than the ld familiar rutines.
A.Recnnect with yur yuthful idealism
B.Set aside sme time t evaluate yur past wrk
C.Is it a jb that yu wuld like t pull yurself ut
D.Hwever,t find it,yu will need t think differently
E.Can yu link yur daily effrts t making a difference t smething imprtant
F.If yu dn't lve yur wrk,try t find smething yu can lve alngside yur jb
G.Give yurself permissin t find ne pleasure,gal,r ambitin yu will cnquer
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空:本大题共20小题,共30分。
Wrking at a htel,I had the pleasure f welcme a family f five ne Friday.As they entered,the (1) ______ child excitedly greeted me with a cheerful"hi".I always (2) ______ well-behaved children like them,as they bring a special energy and jy t the place.(3) ______ arund yung nes in my wn family,I have a talent fr understanding their (4) ______ .making interactins with them enjyable.I always like hearing abut their plans fr the weekend,and ur htel (5) ______ us t engage with yung guests.
During the check-in (6) ______ with the parents,the yungest (7) ______ annunced."It's my birthday tmrrw!"I cngratulated her and asked hw ld she wuld be."Nine!" she(8) ______ with a big smile.I was impressed by her excitement.
The mther (9) ______ they were in the area fr university visits and applicatins fr their eldest child,but didn't talk abut any (10) ______ fr the little ne.As they went up t their rm,I felt it necessary t d smething special fr the birthday girl.Thugh we culdn't(11) ______ anything extravagant(奢侈的),I decided t give her a children's (12) ______ with a ty,a chclate frm the vending machine,and a handwritten Happy Birthday (13) ______ .
I delivered the (14) ______ t the family's rm and later when they returned,the mther expressed hw (15) ______ the birthday girl was with the presents.She mentined they wuld read the bk tgether that night,which (16) ______ my heart.
After my shift (17) ______ , I didn't wrk until Mnday.Upn my return,I fund a(n)(18) ______ thank-yu letter and drawings frm the girl directed t me.The gesture nearly brught tears f (19) ______ t my eyes,knwing that a (20) ______ act f kindness had made a difference in their stay.
21.A. cleverestB. yungestC. thinnestD. tallest
22.A. bserveB. meetC. imagineD. appreciate
23.A. Ging alngB. Drpping inC. Grwing upD. Getting ut
24.A. behavirsB. strugglesC. ambitinsD. dreams
25.A. requiresB. permitsC. frcesD. encurages
26.A. prcessB. attentinC. mvementD. incident
27.A. reallyB. quicklyC. prudlyD. definitely
28.A. appearedB. repliedC. leftD. remarked
29.A. wrriedB. insistedC. arguedD. explained
30.A. placesB. surcesC. plansD. cncerns
31.A. discverB. hstC. reviseD. arrange
32.A. bkB. hatC. shirtD. picture
33.A. sngB. nteC. wishD. design
34.A. tysB. rdersC. giftsD. machines
35.A. thrilledB. cnfusedC. shckedD. frightened
36.A. ceasedB. meltedC. brkeD. beat
37.A. cameB. quitC. settledD. ended
38.A. tuchingB. interestingC. btheringD. cnvincing
39.A. reliefB. angerC. jyD. srrw
40.A. willingB. diverseC. flexibleD. simple
四、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。
41.An exhibitin f zdiac(生肖) sculptures called Peak Life and Water pened in Chengdu,Suthwest China's Sichuan Prvince n Saturday.
The 12 zdiac signs are (1) ______ ( traditinal) used in Chinese culture t mark each year.Each zdiac sign als crrespnds t twelve hurs in the day.In additin (2) ______ the traditinal calendar functin,the 12 zdiac signs are als a kind f flk custm and culture,(3) ______ reflects Chinese peple's understanding f the year.
Each sculpture (4) ______ ( base) n a single zdiac animal.Fr example,the tiny glden birds standing n the head f an x remind visitrs f birds settling n an x,( 5) ______ ( chew)the wrms they have just captured.In anther,a mnkey balances (6) ______ glden peach n its head.Fr the dragn sculpture,a glden and glrius ball (7) ______ ( flat) in frnt f the intimidating dragn.
The expressins f these zdiac sculptures are vivid (8) ______ calm.Sme f them seem t be resting,cntent in their mediatin.Only the snake has its eyes pen.If yu see a (9) ______ (snake) eyes are clsed,that means it is in hibernatin(冬眠).The elegant and exquisite mdelling has delighted visitrs s much that even befre the pening ceremny f the exhibitin,sme cllectrs expressed a desire (10) ______ ( buy) the sculptures.
五、短文改错:本大题共1小题,共10分。
42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
(1)每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
(2)只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My schl is a place full f laughter r learning.Every mrning,walking thrugh the gate,I saw a warm learning envirnment.The classrms are filled in clrful psters,with bks and pencils n the desks.Students in ur schl enjy spend time in the library,are equipped with shelves f bks that transprt them t different new wrlds.The teachers here are kind and patient,always ready help us succeed.My schl is nt just the building,but it is als a cmmunity that we grw and learn tgether.I am gratefully fr all the memries and knwledges I have gained in my schl.
六、书面表达:本大题共1小题,共25分。
43.你校英文报计划举办主题为"志愿服务,互帮互助(Vlunteer t help each ther)"的征文活动。请你写一则活动通知,内容包括:
(1)介绍活动目的;
(2)说明参加要求。
注意:
(1)词数 100左右;
(2)题目已为你写好。
________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据Julius Caesar部分的Caesar's visin fr a centralized and stable Rme laid the grundwrk fr the imperial era,shaping the develpment f Western civilizatin(凯撒对中央集权和稳定罗马的愿景为帝国时代奠定了基础,塑造了西方文明的发展),可知凯撒主要对西方文明产生影响,故选B。
(2)细节理解题。根据Nelsn Mandela部分的Mandela spent 27 years in prisn befre emerging as a unifying figure in seeking fr racial equality(曼德拉在狱中度过了27年,后来成为寻求种族平等的统一人物),可知纳尔逊•曼德拉为种族平等而战,故选D。
(3)细节理解题。根据Emperr Qin Shi Huang部分的As the first emperr f the Qin Dynasty,QinShi Huang standardised writing systems,currencies and measurements,fstering unity acrss diverse regins(作为秦朝的第一位皇帝,秦始皇规范了书写系统、货币和计量,促进了不同地区的统一),可知秦始皇统一了度量衡,故选A。
这是一篇应用文,介绍了历史上几位有重要影响的领导人。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】C、A、D、A
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第三段中Thusands f dnkeys and mules wrk in the brick kilns(砖窑) in Egypt,f which there are apprximately 1.4 t 1.6 tnnes f bricks and mving at an intense pace t prevent unfired bricks frm cracking in the heat.Due t a lack f expert veterinary(兽医)care,many f these animals are suffering intense pain frm harness wunds,beatings,teeth and hf issues and parasitic diseases spread by flies.(数千头驴和骡子在埃及的砖窑中工作,其中约有1000头。它们携带1.4至1.6吨的砖块,并以惊人的速度移动,以防止未烧制的砖块在高温下破裂。由于缺乏专业的兽医护理,这些动物中的许多都因挽具伤口、殴打、牙齿和蹄问题以及苍蝇传播的寄生虫病而遭受剧烈疼痛。)可知,繁重的工作和缺乏适当的护理导致那些驴的痛苦。故选C。
(2)细节理解题。根据第三段Nw a cllabratin between UK charity Safe Haven fr Dnkeys and Egyptian cmmunity develpment charity the Bridge Fundatin is prviding much-needed relief t these animals.(现在,英国慈善机构"驴的避风港"和埃及社区发展慈善机构"桥梁基金会"正在为这些动物提供急需的救助。)可知,驴的安全避难所通过向工作的驴提供救济来帮助它们。故选A。
(3)细节理解题。根据第四段Safe Haven fr Dnkeys CEO Andy Fxcrft said,"Currently,n ther animal welfare charity prvides veterinary interventins in these particular kilns,hence the need fr Safe Haven's expertise,n the grund.treating sick and injured animals and prviding training fr wners and lcal prfessinals(vets and farriers).(驴的安全避难所首席执行官Andy Fxcrft表示:"目前,没有其他动物福利慈善机构在这些特定的窑炉中提供兽医干预,因此需要安全避难所的专业知识,在当地饲养生病和受伤的动物,并为主人和当地专业人员(兽医和蹄铁匠)提供培训。)可知,Andy Fxcrft希望"驴的安全避难所"能持久地改变工作动物的处境。故选D。
(4)写作意图题。根据最后一段Safe Haven fr Dnkeys' wrk,which helps an estimated 10.000 animals a year,is made pssible by charitable dnatins that fund the treatment and training that they ffer.Yu can dnate at safehavenAdnkeys.rg.(驴工作的避风港每年帮助大约10000只动物,这是因为慈善捐款为它们提供的培训和培训提供了资金。您可以在safehavenAdnkeys.rg上捐款。)可知,最后一段的写作意图是呼吁大家捐赠。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是慈善机构Safe Haven fr Dnkeys为在埃及砖窑劳作的驴提供庇护。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。
8~11.【答案】D、C、D、C
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据文章第一段Peple may frm inaccurate impressins abut us frm ur scial media psts,finds new Crnell University research that is the first t examine perceptins(认知) f ur persnalities based n nline psts.(康奈尔大学的一项新研究发现,人们可能会从我们的社交媒体帖子中对我们形成不准确的印象。该研究首次基于在线帖子调查了人们对我们性格的看法。)和第二段 An annlysis f nline status updates fund great difference between hw viewers saw the authrs acrss a range f persnality traits,and the authrs' self-perceptins.(对在线状态更新的分析发现,观众对作者各种性格特征的看法和作者的自我认知之间存在巨大差异。)可知你在网上的帖子会让你交到更多的网友。故答案为D。
(2)细节理解题。根据文章第三段Status updates cntaining phts,vides r links in additin t text facilitated mre accurate assessments than thse with just text,the researchers fund.(研究人员发现,除了文本之外,包含照片、视频或链接的状态更新比只有文本的状态更新更有助于进行更准确的评估。)可知一篇纯文本的帖子最不会暴露你的个性。故答案为C。
(3)细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Wang said the findings culd help develpers design interfaces that allw peple t express themselves mst authentically.(王说,这些发现可以帮助开发者设计界面,让人们最真实地表达自己。)可知社交媒体开发者对这些发现最感兴趣。故答案为D。
(4)推理判断题。根据文章最后两段Wang said the findings culd help develpers design interfaces that allw peple t express themselves mst authentically."If peple's view f us is very different frm wh we actually are,r hw we wuld like t be perceived,"Wang said,"it culd harm ur scial life and well-being."(王说,这些发现可以帮助开发者设计界面,让人们最真实地表达自己。"如果人们对我们的看法与我们的真实身份或我们希望被人如何看待的看法大相径庭,"王说,"这可能会损害我们的社会生活和福祉。")可知王认为研究的结果很有帮助。故答案为C。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了康奈尔大学的一项新研究发现,人们可能会从我们的社交媒体帖子中对我们形成不准确的印象。该研究首次基于在线帖子调查了人们对我们性格的看法。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】C、B、C、D
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第三段While it is well established that memry can wrsen as peple age,it has nt been clear what changes ccur at the individual brain neurn level t cause this—until nw.(虽然人们已经确定,随着年龄的增长,记忆力会恶化,但到目前为止,还不清楚是什么样的变化导致了这种情况。)可知,现在科学家还不知道是什么导致人们随着年龄的增长而记忆力下降。故选C。
(2)词义猜测题。根据第六段Hwever,this ability t hld memry diminishes in middle-aged and ld mice due t weakening cnnectins amng the neurns,which causes the mice t take lnger t recall and perfrm tasks.(然而,由于神经元之间的连接减弱,这种保持记忆的能力在中老年小鼠中减弱,这导致小鼠需要更长的时间来回忆和执行任务。)可知,"diminishes"意为"减弱;下降"。A.stands ut突出;B.ges dwn下降;C.cmes true成为现实;D.dies ut灭绝。故选B。
(3)细节理解题。根据最后一段This research emphasises the imprtance f early,strategic interventins(干预) t cpe with cgnitive decline,prviding a vital framewrk fr future ageing research and brain health maintenance.(这项研究强调了早期战略性干预措施应对认知能力下降的重要性,为未来的老龄化研究和大脑健康维护提供了重要框架。)可知,早期科学预防是对抗认知能力下降的关键。故选C。
(4)标题归纳题。根据全文和第一段A team f scientists frm Nanyang Technlgical University,Singapre ( NTUSingapre) has demnstrated that cmmunicatin amng memry-cding neurns(神经元)一nerve cells in the brain respnsible fr maintaining wrking memry—is disrupted with ageing and that this can begin in middle age.(新加坡南洋理工大学的一组科学家证明,记忆编码神经元之间的交流一大脑中负责维持工作记忆的神经细胞会随着年龄的增长而被破坏,这可能始于中年。)可知,文章主要介绍了从中年开始,衰老会削弱脑细胞维持记忆的能力。D项The way aging weakens brain cells' ability t maintain memry.(衰老削弱了脑细胞维持记忆的能力。)是最合适的标题。故选D。
本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了从中年开始,衰老会削弱脑细胞维持记忆的能力。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据。
16~20.【答案】D、E、F、A、G
【解析】(1)联系上文题。根据上文The gd news is that there is a better path ut there waiting fr yu(好消息是,有一条更好的路在等着你。)可知此处说的是有一条更好的路在等着你。所以"D.Hwever,t find it,yu will need t think differently然而,要找到它,你需要用不同的方式思考"符合语境。故选D。
(2)联系上文题。根据上文Is there a clear and appealing purpse t yur wrk?(你的工作是否有一个明确而吸引人的目标?)可知此处说的是你的工作状态。所以"E.Can yu link yur daily effrts t making a difference t smething imprtant你能把你每天的努力与重要的事情联系起来吗?"符合语境。故选E。
(3)联系上文题。根据上文We can always find time fr smething we truly lve.(我们总能找到时间做我们真正热爱的事情。)可知此处说的是找到自己真正热爱的事情。所以"F.If yu dn't lve yur wrk,try t find smething yu can lve alngside yur jb如果你不喜欢你的工作,试着在工作之外找一些你喜欢的事情"符合语境。故选F。
(4)联系下文题。根据下文Spend sme time reminding yurself f what mattered mst t yu in yur teens and early twenties.(花点时间提醒自己,在你十几岁和二十岁出头的时候,什么对你最重要。)可知此处说的是想一想年轻时候的事情。所以"A.Recnnect with yur yuthful idealism重新找回你年轻时的理想主义"符合语境。故选A。
(5)联系下文题。根据下文Climb Kilimanjar,learn a new language r hw t write JavnScript.(爬乞力马扎罗山,学习一门新语言或如何编写javascript。)可知此处说的是重新找到自己喜欢的事情。所以"G.Give yurself permissin t find ne pleasure,gal,r ambitin yu will cnquer允许自己去寻找一个你能征服的乐趣、目标或抱负"符合语境。故选G。
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一些窍门,可以帮助你摆脱旧的恶性循环,为新的良性循环而奋斗。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读,和完形填空很类似,不同的是一个选词,一个选句子。解题时,要注意上下文语境,充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词),选出最符合语境的句子。
21~40.【答案】B、D、C、A、D、A、C、B、D、C、D、A、B、C、A、B、D、A、C、D
【解析】(1)考查形容词及语境理解。A.cleverest最聪明的;B.yungest最年轻的;C.thinnest最瘦的;D.tallest最高的。句意:他们进门时,最小的孩子兴奋地跟我打招呼,欢快地说了声"嗨"。根据下文During the check-in(6)with the parents,the yungest(7)annunced."It's my birthday tmrrw!"可知,是被接待家庭的最小的孩子打了招呼。故答案为B。
(2)考查动词及语境理解。A.bserve观察;B.meet遇到;C.imagine想象;D.appreciate欣赏。句意:我总是很欣赏像他们这样表现良好的孩子,因为他们给这个地方带来了特殊的活力和欢乐。根据空后下文as they bring a special energy and jy t the place可知,表现良好的孩子能给人们带来欢乐,我很欣赏他们。故答案为D。
(3)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.Ging alng一起去;B.Drpping in顺道拜访;C.Grwing up成长起来;D.Getting ut出去。句意:人身边长大,我有理解他们行为的天赋,让与他们的互动变得愉快。根据空后下文arund yung nes in my wn family可知,在自己的家中和年轻人一起成长。故答案为C。
(4)考查名词及语境理解。A.behavirs行为;B.struggles奋斗;C.ambitins野心;D.dreams梦。句意:人身边长大,我有理解他们行为的天赋,让与他们的互动变得愉快。根据空后下文making interactins with them enjyable可知,我有理解他们行为的能力,与他们的互动变得愉快。故答案为A。
(5)考查动词及语境理解。A.requires需要;B.permits允许;C.frces强迫;D.encurages鼓励。句意:我总是喜欢听他们的周末计划,我们的酒店鼓励我们与年轻客人接触。根据空前上文I always like hearing abut their plans fr the weekend结合常识可知,我喜欢和年轻人接触,酒店也鼓励员工这么做。故答案为D。
(6)考查名词及语境理解。A.prcess过程;B.attentin注意力;C.mvement移动;D.incident事件。句意:在与父母办理入住手续的过程中,最小的孩子自豪地宣布:"明天是我的生日!"根据空前上文During the check-in可知,是在办理入住手续的过程中。故答案为A。
(7)考查副词及语境理解。A.really真实地;B.quickly快速地;C.prudly自豪地;D.definitely一定地。句意:在与父母办理入住手续的过程中,最小的孩子自豪地宣布:"明天是我的生日!"根据本段下文I was impressed by her excitement.可知,小女孩非常兴奋,所以她自豪地宣布她的生日。故答案为C。
(8)考查动词及语境理解。A.appeared出现;B.replied答复;C.left离开;D.remarked说话。句意:"九!"她满脸笑容地回答。根据空前上文I cngratulated her and asked hw ld she wuld be.可知,小女孩回答我的问题。故答案为B。
(9)考查动词及语境理解。A.wrried担心;B.insisted坚持认为;C.argued争论;D.explained解释。句意:这位母亲解释说,他们来这里是为了参观大学,并为他们的大孩子申请入学,但没有谈及对小孩子的任何计划。根据空后下文they were in the area fr university visits and applicatins fr their eldest child可知,小女孩的母亲向我解释他们一家为什么来这里。故答案为D。
(10)考查名词及语境理解。A.places地方;B.surces来源;C.plans计划;D.cncerns关心。句意:这位母亲解释说,他们来这里是为了参观大学,并为他们的大孩子申请入学,但没有谈及对小孩子的任何计划。根据空后下文As they went up t their rm,I felt it necessary t d smething special fr the birthday girl.可知,小女孩的母亲在解释时,应该没有提到关于小女孩过生日的计划,于是我觉得有必要为此做点什么。故答案为C。
(11)考查动词及语境理解。A.discver发现;B.hst举办;C.revise更正;D.arrange安排。句意:虽然我们不能安排任何奢侈的东西,但我决定给她一本带玩具的儿童书、一个自动售货机上的巧克力和一张手写的生日快乐纸条。根据空后下文anything extravagant(奢侈的),I decided t give her a children's (12)with a ty可知,我决定给小女孩一个玩具,而不是奢侈的东西,空格处应该意为"安排"。故答案为D。
(12)考查名词及语境理解。A.bk书;B.hat帽子;C.shirt衬衫;D.picture图片。句意:虽然我们不能安排任何奢侈的东西,但我决定给她一本带玩具的儿童书、一个自动售货机上的巧克力和一张手写的生日快乐纸条。根据空前上文give her a children's并结合选项可知,给小女孩一本儿童书。故答案为A。
(13)考查名词及语境理解。A.sng歌曲;B.nte便条;C.wish希望;D.design设计。句意:虽然我们不能安排任何奢侈的东西,但我决定给她一本带玩具的儿童书、一个自动售货机上的巧克力和一张手写的生日快乐纸条。根据空前上文a handwritten Happy Birthday并结合选项可知,此处指小女孩手写的生日快乐纸条。故答案为B。
(14)考查名词及语境理解。A.tys玩具;B.rders命令;C.gifts礼物;D.machines机器。句意:我把礼物送到了家人的房间,后来当他们回来时,母亲表达了生日女孩收到礼物时有多激动。根据空后下文t the family's rm and later when they returned,the mther expressed hw (15)the birthday girl was with the presents.可知,我送去的是为小女孩准备的生日礼物。故答案为C。
(15)考查形容词及语境理解。A.thrilled激动的;B.cnfused困惑的;C.shcked惊讶的;D.frightened害怕的。句意:我把礼物送到了家人的房间,后来当他们回来时,母亲表达了生日女孩收到礼物时有多激动。根据空后下文She mentined they wuld read the bk tgether that night可知,收到礼物后,小女孩的母亲提到他们会连夜阅读那本书,表达了他们激动的心情。故答案为A。
(16)考查动词及语境理解。A.ceased停止;B.melted融化;C.brke打破;D.beat打败。句意:她提到那天晚上他们会一起读这本书,这让我很感动。根据空前上文She mentined they wuld read the bk tgether that night可知,小女孩母女对待我送给的礼物的方式使我感动,融化了我的心。故答案为B。
(17)考查动词及语境理解。A.came来;B.quit放弃;C.settled解决;D.ended结束。句意:我轮班结束后,直到星期一才上班。根据空后下文I didn't wrk until Mnday可知,我的轮班结束了。故答案为D。
(18)考查形容词及语境理解。A.tuching令人感动的;B.interesting令人感兴趣的;C.bthering令人烦恼的;D.cnvincing令人信服的。句意:当我回来时,我发现了一封感人的感谢信,还有那个女孩送给我的画。根据空后下文thank-yu letter and drawings frm the girl directed t me可知,感谢信的内容是感人的。故答案为A。
(19)考查名词及语境理解。A.relief减轻;B.anger生气;C.jy高兴;D.srrw痛苦。句意:这一举动几乎让我喜极而泣,因为我知道一个简单的善意举动就改变了他们的生活。根据空前上文Upn my return,I fund a(n)(18)thank-yu letter and drawings frm the girl directed t me.可知,小女孩的送来的感谢信和画使我喜极而泣。故答案为C。
(20)考查形容词及语境理解。A.willing乐意的;B.diverse多种多样的;C.flexible灵活的;D.simple简单的。句意:这一举动几乎让我喜极而泣,因为我知道一个简单的善意举动就改变了他们的生活。根据上文I decided t give her a children's (12)with a ty,a chclate frm the vending machine,and a handwritten Happy Birthday (13)可知,我只是送了小女孩一份生日礼物,这是一个简单的行为。故答案为D。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述自己在酒店工作时,帮助一个住店小女孩过生日,从人际交往中微小的善意举动所获得的快乐。
解答完形填空时,首先通读文章领会大意,再根据上下文推出最佳选项,使短文意义完整。
41.【答案】traditinally
【解析】(1)考查副词。句意:在中国传统文化中,十二生肖是用来标志每一年的。used是动词,要用副词traditinally修饰作状语。故填traditinally。
(2)考查介词。句意:除了传统的历法功能外,十二生肖也是一种民俗和文化,它反映了中国人对年的理解。in additin t"除……之外",是介词短语。故填t。
(3)考查定语从句。句意:除了传统的历法功能外,十二生肖也是一种民俗和文化,它反映了中国人对年的理解。先行词a kind f flk custm and culture在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指物,用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
(4)考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:每个雕塑都是基于一个生肖动物。be based n"根据",是动词短语,因表示的是一般事实,用一般现在时,主语Each sculpture表示单数意义,be动词用is。故填is based。
(5)考查现在分词。句意:例如,站在牛头上的金色小鸟让游客想起栖息在牛身上的鸟儿,咀嚼着它们刚刚捕获的虫子。birds与chew之间是主动关系,为非谓语动词,用现在分词短语作定语。故填chewing。
(6)考查不定冠词。句意:在另一幅画中,一只猴子把一个金桃顶在头上。peach是可数名词,单数形式前加不定冠词a/an表示泛指,因glden读音以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故填a。
(7)考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:对于龙的雕塑,一个金色的、辉煌的球漂浮在威吓的龙的前面。因表示的是一般事实,要用一般现在时,主语ball是单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填flats。
(8)考查连词。句意:这些生肖雕塑的表情生动而冷静。vivid和calm之间是转折关系,用连词but连接。故填but。
(9)考查名词所有格。句意:如果你看到蛇的眼睛是闭着的,那就意味着它在冬眠。snake与eyes之间是所属关系,要用名词所有格作定语。故填snake's。
(10)考查动词不定式。句意:优雅精致的造型让参观者非常高兴,甚至在展览开幕式之前,一些收藏家就表达了购买这些雕塑的愿望。名词desire后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填t buy。
本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍一场名为"巅峰生命与水"的生肖雕塑展在中国西南部四川省成都市开幕。除了传统的历法功能外,十二生肖也是一种民俗和文化,它反映了中国人对年的理解。
在一篇200词左右的语篇(短文或对话)中留出10处空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式,所填写词语不得多于3个单词。要做好语法填空题,理解短文是解题的前提,扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础,英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充。考生须灵活运用语法知识,如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。答完后,还要通读全文,核对所填单词形式是否正确,是否符合语境。
42.【答案】My schl is a place full f laughter r learning.Every mrning,walking thrugh the gate,I saw a warm learning envirnment.The classrms are filled in clrful psters,with bks and pencils n the desks.Students in ur schl enjy spend time in the library,are equipped with shelves f bks that transprt them t different new wrlds.The teachers here are kind and patient,always ready ∧help us succeed.My schl is nt just the building,but it is als a cmmunity that we grw and learn tgether.I am gratefully fr all the memries and knwledges I have gained in my schl.
详解:
1.考查连词。句意:我的学校是一个充满欢笑和学习的地方。根据句意可知,laughter与learning之间为并列关系,而非选择关系,故应用连词and。故r改为and。
2.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:每天早上,穿过大门,我看到了一个温暖的学习环境。根据时间状语every mrning可知,句子是在陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时,主语为I,谓语动词应用原形。故saw改为see。
3.考查介词。句意:教室里摆满了五颜六色的海报,桌子上放着书和铅笔。be filled with"充满",固定短语。故in改为with。
4.考查动名词。句意:我们学校的学生喜欢在图书馆度过时光,图书馆配备的书架上的各种书可以把他们带到不同的新世界。enjy ding sth"喜欢做某事",故此处应用动名词作宾语。故spend改为spending。
5.考查句子结构。句意:我们学校的学生喜欢在图书馆度过时光,图书馆配备的书架上的各种书可以把他们带到不同的新世界。分析句子结构可知,此处为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词the library,be动词are多余。故去掉are。
6.考查动词不定式。句意:这里的老师善良而有耐心,随时准备帮助我们取得成功。(be)ready t d sth"准备好做某事",固定用法。故ready后加t。
7.考查冠词。句意:我的学校不仅仅是一座建筑,也是一个我们共同成长和学习的社区。结合句意可知,此处泛指"一座建筑",应用不定冠词,且building是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。故the改为a。
8.考查定语从句关系词。句意:我的学校不仅仅是一座建筑,也是一个我们共同成长和学习的社区。分析可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为a cmmunity,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where引导。故that改为where。
9.考查形容词。句意:我非常感激我在学校里获得的所有回忆和知识。分析可知,此处作表语,应用形容词grateful。故gratefully改为grateful。
10.考查不可数名词。句意:我非常感激我在学校里获得的所有回忆和知识。knwledge"知识"为不可数名词,没有复数形式。故knwledges改为knwledge。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文,文章介绍了作者的学校及学校生活。
短文改错时要注意以下几点:1.快速阅读,整体把握短文大意;2.重视语境以及上下文的关系;3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。
43.【答案】 Welcme t ur essay cntest!
In rder t prmte the spirit f vlunteerism and mutual assistance amng students,ur schl newspaper is planning t hld an English essay cntest themed "Vlunteer t help each ther".【高分句型一】The purpse f this activity is t encurage students t share their vlunteering experiences,inspiring thers t participate in cmmunity service.【高分句型二】(介绍活动目的)
Welcme all students t participate in the cmpetitin.The entries shuld be written in English and reflect persnal experiences r viewpints related t vlunteer wrk.The paper is abut 500 wrds lng and shuld be submitted befre April 20,2024.(说明参加要求)
Let's jin hands and make a psitive impact n ur cmmunity thrugh vlunteer service.(发出倡议)
Thank yu fr yur attentin and lk frward t yur active participatin!(表达感谢)
【解析】高分句型一:In rder t prmte the spirit f vlunteerism and mutual assistance amng students,ur schl newspaper is planning t hld an English essay cntest themed "Vlunteer t help each ther".
翻译:为了弘扬学生的志愿精神和互帮互助精神,我们校报计划举办一场以"志愿者互助"为主题的英语征文比赛。
分析:本句运用了过去分词短语themed "Vlunteer t help each ther"作后置定语。
高分句型二:The purpse f this activity is t encurage students t share their vlunteering experiences,inspiring thers t participate in cmmunity service.
翻译:这项活动的目的是鼓励学生分享他们的义工经验,鼓励其他人参与社区服务。
分析:本句运用了现在分词短语inspiring thers t participate in cmmunity service作状语。
写作步骤:
第一步:审题,确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点,避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步:拟定提纲;叙述得体,布局谋篇;巧妙过渡,完美结尾。
第三步:遣词造句,套用句型,上下衔接,地道表达,行文成篇。
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