江西省萍乡市2024届高三下学期二模考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份江西省萍乡市2024届高三下学期二模考试英语试卷(含答案)，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
In the wrkplace, we have t deal with different peple, and the best way t d that is t find empathy t better understand them. Here are three fruit persnalities and hw best t deal with them.
Apple: hard cre, desn’t brulse easlly
Apple types are direct and dn’t suffer fls. They are fast, lgical thinkers wh lve t win and hate t lse cntrl. They’ll get a result at any cst, but see cnflict as sprt.
Managing apples:
·Have yur facts (r suffer the cnsequences)
·Always stand up t them.
·Get t the pint.
·Be fast and lgical.
·Watch and learn- they make great mentrs.
Lemn: intense and cncentrated
Lemns lve structure, detail, rder and rules. They are wrriers wh like safety, security and predictability. They lve detail and are awesme at sptting gaps in a plan. But t many rules can be frustrating t thers.
Managing lemns:
·Respect their need fr space and time; give them plenty f ntice.
·Slw yur pace if yu’re fast, quieten dwn if yu’re lud.
·Dn’t surprise them.
·Dn’t threaten their security.
·Knw yu can never give t much detail.
Banana: sweet and sft
Banana types enjy harmny in the wrkplace and shy away frm cnflict. They have lads f empathy. They are excellent in custmer service rles, yet they can irritate peple by being t nice.
When they’re t accmmdating, they can be seen as indecisive.
Managing bananas:
·Dn’t pressure them, but mtivate.
·Encurage their pinins, and listen.
·Dn’t verlad them with yur prblems.
·Prvide regular feedback pprtunities.
·Be nice-that’s all they want.
1．Which way is prper t deal with the lemn persnality?
A. Talking ludly.B. Making sme rules.
C. Thinking lgically.D. Giving mre details.
2．What des the banana persnality think f cnflict?
A. Appealing.B. Unwelcme.C. Useful.D. Harmful.
3．Wh is the text mainly intended fr?
A. Husewives.B. Students.C. Emplyees.D. Custmers.
It was a sunny winter day. I had gne up and dwn the twer when, utside the little dr at the ft, a blind man came tward me. He was a pale, thin man with dark glasses. He kept clse t the inner wall f the curtyard. On reaching the dr, he tuched it and sharply turned inside. In a mment, he disappeared up the staircase. I std still, lking at the little sign that said “T the Twer… ” I felt bliged t fllw.
I didn’t fllw clsely. I caught up with him in the ticket ffice. There I was surprised t see the attendant selling him a ticket as thugh he were any ther visitr. With the ticket in ne hand and tuching the wall with the ther, he reached the staircase leading t the hallway.
“That man is blind,” I said t the attendant, but he shwed n cncern. “He’s blind,” I repeated. He didn’t answer, lking at me vacantly.
“Perhans he wants t jump,” I said. But his chair was t cmfrtable. He didn’t stir. He still lked dwn at a crsswrd puzzle he had begun. I turned tward the staircase.
“The ticket,” the attendant said, rising frm his chair. It seemed the nly thing that culd mve him. After purchasing my ticket, I hurried up the staircase.
The man hadn’t gne as far as I imagined. After ten minutes, I apprached him. “Excuse me,” I said as plitely as I culd, “but I am very curius t knw why yu came up.”
“Yu’d never guess,” he said.
“Nt the view, I take it, r the fresh air n this winter day,” I said.
He smiled. “Cming up the stairs, ne can feel the change-the c staircase suddenly becmes quite warm, —and hw up here behind the wall there is shade, but as sn as ne ges ppsite a narrw windw ne finds the sun. In all f Siena there is n place s gd as here.”
He mved int the sunlight. Then he stepped int the shade. “Light, shade, light, shade,” he said, and seemed as pleased as a child wh, in a game f hpsctch, jumps frm square t square.
We went dwn the twer tgether. I left him, gladdened as ne can nly be by the sunlight.
4．Why did the authr fllw the blind man?
A. T ffer timely help.B. T satisfy his curisity.
C. T teach him a lessn.D. T prevent him frm climbing up.
5．What was the attendant’s attitude t visitrs?
A. Enthusiastic.B. Cncerned.C. Indifferent.D. Skeptical.
6．What encuraged the blind man t climb the twer?
A. The fresh air n the tp.B. The pleasant childhd memries.
C. The fantastic view frm the twer.D. The striking cntrast between light and shade.
7．What message des the writer want t cnvey in the text?
A. Nature is the best gift fr humanity.
B. When ne dr shuts, anther pens in life.
C. Every individual can appreciate beauty in life.
D. The disadvantaged deserve care frm the sciety.
Curisity is the driving frce behind ur develpment and even ur success. But it can als be dangerus, leading t setbacks r even dwnfalls, s why are humans s curius? D scientists even have a definitin fr this inbrn drive?
Actually, there isn’t ne set in the stne. Psychlgists agree curisity isn’t abut satisfying an immediate need, like hunger r thirst; rather, it’s intrinsically (内在地) mtivated. Curisity cvers such large set f bebavirs that there prbably isn’t any single “curisity gene” that makes humans wnder abut and explre their envirnment. Genes and the envirnment interact in many cmplex ways t shape individuals and guide their behavir, including their curisity.
Regardless f their genetic makeup, infants have t learn an incredible amunt f infrmatin in a shrt time, and curisity is ne f the tls humans have fund t accmplish that huge task. In a classic study, a psychlgist shwed that infants between 2 mnths and 6 mnths ld grew less and less interested in a cmplex visual pattern the mre they lked at it. But curisity ften cmes with a cst. In sme situatins, the risks are lw and failure is a healthy part f grwth. Fr instance, many babies are perfectly prficient crawlers, but they decide t try walking because there’s mre t see and d when they stand upright. But this milestne cmes at a small cst. A study f 12- t 19-mnth-lds learning hw t walk dcumented that these children fell dwn a lt. Seventeen times per hur, t be exact. But walking is faster than crawling, s this mtivates expert crawlers t transitin t walking.
Smetimes, hwever, testing ut a new idea can lead t disaster. Fr instance, the Inuit peple f the Arctic regins have created incredible mdes t deal with the challenges f living in nrthern r climates, but what we frget abut are the tens f thusands f peple that tried and failed t make it in thse challenging landscapes.
8．What des the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2?
A. Curisity is hard t define.
B. Humans are nt afraid f setbacks.
C. Scientists are nt curius abut the stne.
D. Curisity isn’t the driving frce behind grwth.
9．What d psychlgists agree abut the nature f curisity?
A. Sets f behavirs guide curisity.B. Immediate needs drive curisity.
C. External factrs determine curisity.D. Genes and envirnment wrk tgether n curisity.
10．What cntributes t babies’ grwing milestnes?
A. They prefer nvelty.B. They fear failures.
C. They desire t achieve tasks.D. They make their wn decisins.
11．Why des the authr mentin the Inuit peple in the last paragraph?
A. T prve hw curisity helped them survive.
B. T shw curisity may cme with a high price.
C. T describe why Inuit peple needed curisity.
D. T shw hw Inuit peple vercame the challenges.
There is a benefit in acknwledging the fact that ur brains are brn with a negativity preference that serves t prtect us frm ptential harm. We wuld nt have lasted very lng as a species if ur ancestrs had kept ptimistic in the face f a charging tiger rather than thinking the wrst and allwing the natural respnse f fight-r-flight t kick in.
The psychlgical technique f using a negative utlk fr persnal grwth is knwn as defensive pessimism (DP). Rather than frcing neself t adpt a psitive mindset, DP fcuses n preparing fr wrst cases, thereby reducing anxiety. Let’s face it: Telling an anxius mind nt t wrry is as useless as trying nt t get wet in a rainstrm by thinking sunny thughts; better t take shelter. Many peple have used this technique in their daily lives withut giving it a name. COVID-19 gave us all a chance t practice DP as we lk precautins t decrease ur chances f becming infected.
This psychlgical mind trick is nt withut its drawbacks. Applied t ften, life can becme a series f setbacks, nly taking discmfrt in the fact that ne’s predictin f the wrst case came true. Persnal relatinships may als suffer, as the ptimists in ne’s life grw weary f the glass always being half-empty and will, at times, take t irnically singing “Dn’t wrry, be happy” as payback.
There is likely t be a day when the glass-half-empty/half-full debate is replaced by the realizatin that ptimism and pessimism dn’t ppse each ther, they supprt each ther. and trying t have ne withut the ther is like trying t have a ne-sided cin.
12．What wuld defensive pessimists d in wet weather?
A. Picture sunny days.B. Open an umbrella.
C. Feel the rainstrm.D. Run thrugh the rain.
13．The example f “COVID-19” in paragraph 2 is used t _________.
A. make a cmparisnB. prpse an argument
C. intrduce a tpicD. clarify a cncept
14．Which f the fllwing may a defensive pessimist believe?
A. Whatever will be, will be.B. Every clud has a silver lining
C. Dn’t put all yur eggs in ne basket.D. The glass is half full nt half empty.
15．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. In defense f pessimismB. The explratin f psychlgy
C. Pessimism: a ne-sided cinD. Negativity: tricky in psychlgy
二、七选五
16．Yur manager stps yu and says she needs t have a wrd abut yur perfrmance in the recent prject. She begins by praising yu fr the gd wrk yu’ve dne n the prject, and yu wnder if this is the praise that starts ff the typical “feedback sandwich”. ① _________ Say smething nice, say what yu really want t say, say smething nice again.
Hwever, when feedback becmes such a rutine, emplyees can start t perceive psitive feedback as simply a frm f sugarcating the negatives, thus decreasing its value. Instead, psitive feedback shuld nt simply be seen as smething t cushin the negative. ② _________ Belw are three tips t help yu make psitive feedback cunt.
③ _________ When psitive and negative feedback always appear t g hand in hand, the psitives can becme devalued and ignred. Ensure there are times when psitive feedback is given fr its wn sake and resist the temptatin t ffer cnstructive criticism.
Cultivate a “grwth mindset”. Many f us tend t fcus ur praise n the end result and seeming inbrn talents. Fr example, ④ _________ Hwever, research suggests that by fcusing n the prcess f bx things are dne, we can encurage the develpment f new skills and the cntinued enhancement f talents.
Create a culture f ffering psitive feedback. Make giving psitive feedback part f yur team culture. Dn’t just wait fr special mments t give feedback. Offer infrmal psitive feedback when making small talk. ⑤ _________ Encurage peer feedback amng team members and clleagues and actively ask them fr psitive cmments n each ther’s perfrmances n tasks.
A. yu have a real talent fr rganizing events.
B. Yu knw hw the feedback sandwich ges.
C. Attempt t inject sme psitivity int negative feedback.
D. yu really put a lt f effrt int making this event a success.
E. Dn’t always fllw psitive feedback with negative feedback.
F. Feedback desn’t have t nly cme frm the higher ranks either.
G. It shuld als be delivered s as t reinfrce and encurage gd perfrmance.
三、完形填空（15空）
A mm makes mini-me tys as unique as the children wh embrace them.
Asa 1 wrker using play therapy t help children thrugh their cancer treatment, Amy wished she culd 2 her patients with dlls that bre their all-t-familiar hair lss and surgery scars.
3 Amy left welfare wrk in 2011 t start a family, she still ften thught f the kids. She said, “These kids need smething that lks like they d.” This idea had always 4 in her mind.
Then in 2020, a mm whse daughter lst a leg t amputatin (截肢) asked Amy, wh was 5 with a sewing machine, if she culd make a mini-me dl fr the girl.
After Amy 6 a pht f the legless dll n Facebk, 7 pured in fr likeness with everything frm albinism (白化病) t birthmarks. “ 8 make kids feel islated and judged,” she says, “With the dll, a child sees ‘I am nt the nly ne wh lks this way and I’m als 9 enugh t be a dll.’ ”
Amy 10 nearly 400 custm dlls at her dining-rm table, with dnrs ften cvering the 100 cst thrugh Amy’s nnprfit A Dll Like Me. The mm f three 11 making each dll herself with help frm her mther and a friend.
Fr Keagan. 2, whse rare skin cnditin has 12 him in birthmarks, Amy matched the dll’s 13 exactly. “That was the mst amazing thing,” says Keagan’s mm. A farther says, “I 14 like a baby when a dll came in the mail fr my daughter, wh was brn withut her lwer left arm. Seeing my daughter with her dll, it makes me think abut her future, nt her 15 .”
17．A. scialB. financialC. culturalD. sprt
18．A. educateB. attendC. prtectD. treat
19．A. BefreB. AfterC. OnceD. Until
20．A. shiftedB. wrkedC. stppedD. stuck
21．A. handyB. satisfiedC. bredD. careful
22．A. tkB. pstedC. remvedD. dwnladed
23．A. cmplaintsB. remarksC. rdersD. praises
24．A. FailuresB. ChangesC. SimilaritiesD. Differences
25．A. activeB. bldC. beautifulD. plain
26．A. craftedB. cllectedC. purchasedD. received
27．A. takes upB. insists nC. thinks abutD. lives n
28．A. dressedB. recgnizedC. cveredD. buried
29．A. sptsB. sizesC. shapesD. clrs
30．A. sleptB. weptC. yawnedD. laughed
31．A. ptentialsB. persnalitiesC. limitatinsD. requirements
四、短文填空
32．In frnt f a packed hall at the Kennedy Center in Washingtn, DC, n Friday, dancer Ha Ruqi① _________ (graceful) mved acrss the stage as she waved her swrd against her ppnent. Ha, playing. ② _________ herine Hua Mulan, was the star f Ningb Perfrming Arts Grup’s Chinese dance drama Mulan.
Based n the belved flklre f family devtin, lyalty and lve, Mulan tells the tale f a yung wman in ancient China wh disguises herself as a man③ _________ (take) her father’s place in the army.
This mdern interpretatin re-imagines the classic tale f the④ _________ (distinguish) female Chinese warrir Hua Mulan thrugh remarkable and cmpelling dance numbers and exquisite music, ⑤ _________ (explre) the themes f self-identity and empwerment.
Ha, a member f the China Natinal Opera and Dance Drama Theater, said there might be a thusand⑥ _________ (versin) r Mulan in a thusand peple’s eyes, but there are things cmmn t the audience⑦ _________ the cultural and gegraphical differences. “I think the lve and peace brught ut frm Mulan is understandable and acceptable bth in China and the United States,” she tld China Daily.
Lisa Richards Tney, president and chief executive fficer f the Assciatin f Perfrming Arts Prfessinals, said⑧ _________ impressed her was the true warrir spirit that Mulan displayed⑨ _________ her lve fr humanity.
The stry f Hua Mulan⑩ _________ (inspire) numerus prductins in the glbe ver centuries, including Disney’s 1998 animated film and 2020 live-actin mvie.
五、书面表达
33．你校最近开展了一次消防演练活动，请你为校英文报写一份主题为“Fcus n Fire Safety, Cherish Life”的新闻报道，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程和感受。
注意：1. 写作字数应为80个左右。
2. 参考词汇：灭火器 fireextinguishers; 消防栓 fire hydrants
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My parents were always against me wning my wn pet, afraid f the mess it wuld make r that I wuld quickly lse interest in taking care f it, but we made a cmprmise: I culd vlunteer at a lcal pet shelter n the weekends t test my sense f respnsibility and dedicatin. That was hw I first came t vlunteer at the Avndale pet shelter and—mre imprtantly—where I met my future best friend, Chclate.
One ht August afternn, my bss Charlie tld me that they were bringing in a yung black Labradr Retriever and that I’d be its primary caretaker. An hur after ur cnversatin and in came Chclate—a beautiful dg with shining brwn fur and amazing blue eyes. At abut 3 mnths ld, I expected him t be a lt mre energetic and playful, but he immediately backed and lay dwn at the back f his pen (围栏).
I asked Charlie what was the matter with him. He replied that Chclate had a genetic prblem which caused him t be brn with a shrt tail, leading ptential wners t think there was smething wrng with him; s the breeder felt that they had n chice but t give up the puppy t the shelter.
He was verlked and underappreciated. I felt very angry at the thught that an therwise healthy dg culd be thrwn away s easily. At the same time, I felt a deep sympathy fr this dg wh had been cheated ut f the lve and attentin he deserved. It was at this mment that I reslved t give Chclate as much lve and attentin as I culd while wrking as a vlunteer.
Althugh Chclate was reluctant and shy at first. eventually thrugh enugh treats and play he slwly came arund and warmed up t me. Sn enugh, whenever I came arund his pen t let him ut fr his turn f walks and play, Chclate was always excited and jumping with jy.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
As time passed by, the cnnectin between Chclate and I grew strnger and strnger.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
One day, Charlie said Chclate must find a hme sn r he wuld be remved.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据Lemn: intense and cncentrated部分中“They lve detail and are awesme at sptting gaps in a plan.(他们喜欢细节，善于发现计划中的漏洞)”可知，与柠檬型性格的人相处的恰当方法是给他们提供更多的细节。故选D。
2．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Banana: sweet and sft部分中“Banana types enjy harmny in the wrkplace and shy away frm cnflict.(香蕉型的人喜欢工作场所的和谐，回避冲突)”可知，香蕉型性格的人回避冲突，即他们认为冲突是不受欢迎的。故选B。
3．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“In the wrkplace, we have t deal with different peple, and the best way t d that is t find empathy t better understand them. Here are three fruit persnalities and hw best t deal with them.(在工作场所，我们必须与不同的人打交道，最好的方法就是找到同理心，更好地理解他们。以下三种性格，以及如何最好地处理它们)”推知，文章是写给职场人士的，即雇员。故选C。
4．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。由文章第一段“On reaching the dr, he tuched it and sharply turned inside. In a mment, he disappeared up the staircase. I std still, lking at the little sign that said ‘T the Twer… ’ I felt bliged t fllw.(一到门口，他就碰了碰门，猛地转了个身。过了一会儿，他消失在楼梯上。我站着不动，看着写着“去塔楼……”的小牌子，我觉得有必要跟着走。)”以及后文推测可知，作者跟随盲人是为了及时为他提供帮助。故选A项。
5．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由文章第三段“He didn’t answer, lking at me vacantly.(他没有回答，茫然地看着我。)”以及第四段“He still lked dwn at a crsswrd puzzle he had begun. I turned tward the staircase.(他仍然低头看他开始玩的填字游戏。我转向楼梯。)”可知，服务人员对来访者漠不关心。故选C项。
6．答案：D
解析：细节理解题，由文章倒数第三段“He smiled. ‘Cming up the stairs, ne can feel the change-the cl staircase suddenly becmes quite warm, —and hw up here behind the wall there is shade, but as sn as ne ges ppsite a narrw windw ne finds the sun. In all f Siena there is n place s gd as here.’(他笑了。“走上楼梯，你可以感觉到变化——凉爽的楼梯突然变得相当温暖，墙后有树荫，但只要你走到一扇狭窄的窗户对面，就会发现阳光。在整个锡耶纳，没有比这里更好的地方了。”)”以及倒数第二段“Light, shade, light, shade,(光，阴影，光，阴影，)”可知，明暗之间的鲜明对比促使盲人爬上了那座塔。故选D项。
7．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“He mved int the sunlight. Then he stepped int the shade. ‘Light, shade, light, shade,’ he said, and seemed as pleased as a child wh, in a game f hpsctch, jumps frm square t square.(他走向阳光。然后他走到阴凉处。“光，阴影，光，阴影”他说，似乎很高兴，就像一个孩子在跳房子游戏中从一个广场跳到另一个广场一样。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲述了一次作者看到一个盲人买票到塔上去参观，他很好奇于是就跟上去，后来得知原来盲人是来塔上感受光影变化的，盲人也能感受到世界的美好，从而表达每个人都能欣赏生活中的美。故选C项。
8．答案：A
解析：句意猜测题。根据第一段“D scientists even have a definitin fr this inbrn drive?(科学家们对这种天生的驱动力有定义吗)”以及划线句后文“Curisity cvers such large set f bebavirs that there prbably isn’t any single “curisity gene” that makes humans wnder abut and explre their envirnment.(好奇心涵盖了如此广泛的行为，以至于可能没有任何单一的“好奇心基因”使人类好奇和探索他们的环境)”可知，好奇心涵盖了广泛的行为，很难定义。故划线句意思是“好奇心很难定义”。故选A。
9．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Genes and the envirnment interact in many cmplex ways t shape individuals and guide their behavir, including their curisity.(基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个体并指导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心)”可知，关于好奇心的本质，心理学家的共识是基因和环境共同作用于好奇心。故选D。
10．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Fr instance, many babies are perfectly prficient crawlers, but they decide t try walking because there’s mre t see and d when they stand upright. But this milestne cmes at a small cst.(例如，许多婴儿是非常熟练的爬行者，但他们决定尝试走路，因为当他们站直时，有更多的东西可以看和做。但这一里程碑的代价很小)”可知，喜欢新鲜事物促成了婴儿的成长里程碑。故选A。
11．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Smetimes, hwever, testing ut a new idea can lead t disaster. Fr instance, the Inuit peple f the Arctic regins have created incredible mdes t deal with the challenges f living in nrthern r climates, but what we frget abut are the tens f thusands f peple that tried and failed t make it in thse challenging landscapes.(然而，有时候，测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。例如，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对生活在北方气候下的挑战，但我们忘记了成千上万的人在那些充满挑战的景观中尝试并失败了)”可知，作者在最后一段提到因纽特人是为了表明好奇心可能要付出很高的代价。故选B。
12．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Let’s face it: Telling an anxius mind nt t wrry is as useless as trying nt t get wet in a rainstrm by thinking sunny thughts; better t take shelter.(让我们面对现实吧：告诉一颗焦虑的心不要担心，就像在暴风雨中试图用阳光来避免被淋湿一样没有用；最好找个地方躲起来)”可知，在潮湿的天气里，防御性悲观主义者会打开一把伞。故选B。
13．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Many peple have used this technique in their daily lives withut giving it a name. COVID-19 gave us all a chance t practice DP as we lk precautins t decrease ur chances f becming infected.(许多人在日常生活中使用这种方法，却没有给它起个名字。COVID-19为我们所有人提供了实践DP的机会，因为我们采取预防措施以减少感染的机会)”可知，第2段中的“COVID-19”示例用于澄清一个概念。故选D。
14．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Applied t ften, life can becme a series f setbacks, nly taking discmfrt in the fact that ne’s predictin f the wrst case came true.(如果过于频繁，生活就会变成一连串的挫折，只会因为自己对最坏情况的预测成真而感到不安)”可推知，防御性悲观主义者可能相信不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。故选C。
15．答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is a benefit in acknwledging the fact that ur brains are brn with a negativity preference that serves t prtect us frm ptential harm. We wuld nt have lasted very lng as a species if ur ancestrs had kept ptimistic in the face f a charging tiger rather than thinking the wrst and allwing the natural respnse f fight-r-flight t kick in.(承认我们的大脑天生具有消极偏好这一事实是有好处的，它可以保护我们免受潜在的伤害。如果我们的祖先在面对猛虎时保持乐观，而不是往最坏的方面想，让“战或逃”的自然反应发挥作用，那么我们作为一个物种就不会存活太久)”结合文章主要解释了什么是防御性悲观主义（DP）以及防御性悲观主义给人们带来的影响。可知，A选项“为悲观主义辩护”最符合文章标题。故选A。
16．答案：①-⑤BGEAF
解析：①根据上文“She begins by praising yu fr the gd wrk yu’ve dne n the prject, and yu wnder if this is the praise that starts ff the typical “feedback sandwich”.(她一开始就称赞你在项目中做得很好，你想知道这是不是典型的“反馈三明治”的开始)”以及后文“Say smething nice, say what yu really want t say, say smething nice again.(说点好听的话，说你真正想说的话，再说点好听的话)”可知，后文具体解释了“反馈三明治”的过程，可知道反馈三明治是怎么回事。故B选项“你知道反馈三明治是怎么回事”符合语境，故选B。
②根据上文“Hwever, when feedback becmes such a rutine, emplyees can start t perceive psitive feedback as simply a frm f sugarcating the negatives, thus decreasing its value. Instead, psitive feedback shuld nt simply be seen as smething t cushin the negative.(然而，当反馈成为一种惯例时，员工会开始认为积极的反馈只是一种粉饰消极的形式，从而降低了消极反馈的价值。相反，积极的反馈不应该仅仅被看作是缓冲消极的东西)”可知，上文提到积极的反馈不应该仅仅被看作是缓冲消极的东西，本句承接上文说明积极反馈真正的作用。故G选项“它的实施也应该是为了加强和鼓励良好的表现”符合语境，故选G。
③根据本段内容“When psitive and negative feedback always appear t g hand in hand, the psitives can becme devalued and ignred. Ensure there are times when psitive feedback is given fr its wn sake and resist the temptatin t ffer cnstructive criticism.(当积极和消极的反馈总是齐头并进时，积极的东西就会被贬低和忽视。确保有时候给予积极的反馈是为了反馈本身，并抵制提供建设性批评的诱惑)”可知，后文提到了积极和消极的反馈的缺点，建议提出建设性批评，说明不要总是太在乎积极的反馈和消极的反馈。故E选项“不要总是紧跟着积极的反馈和消极的反馈”符合语境，故选E。
④根据上文“Cultivate a “grwth mindset”. Many f us tend t fcus ur praise n the end result and seeming inbrn talents.(培养“成长心态”。我们中的许多人倾向于把赞美集中在最终结果和似乎天生的才能上)”可知，本句主要是针对上文提到的“把赞美集中在最终结果和似乎天生的才能上”进行举例说明，A选项中talent对应上文talents。故A选项“你在组织活动方面很有天赋”符合语境，故选A。
⑤根据后文“Encurage peer feedback amng team members and clleagues and actively ask them fr psitive cmments n each ther’s perfrmances n tasks.(鼓励团队成员和同事之间的同伴反馈，并积极要求他们对彼此在任务中的表现给予积极的评价)”可知，同伴也可以给予反馈，说明反馈不一定来自上级。故F选项“反馈也不一定只来自高层”符合语境，故选F。
17．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名使用游戏疗法帮助儿童度过癌症治疗期的社工，艾米希望她可以用带有他们非常熟悉的脱发和手术疤痕的玩偶来治疗她的病人。A. scial社会的；B. financial经济的；C. cultural文化的；D. sprt运动。根据后文“Amy left welfare wrk”可知，艾米曾经是社工。故选A。
18．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名使用游戏疗法帮助儿童度过癌症治疗期的社工，艾米希望她可以用带有他们非常熟悉的脱发和手术疤痕的玩偶来治疗她的病人。A. educate教育；B. attend参加；C. prtect保护；D. treat治疗。根据后文“her patients with dlls”指用娃娃治疗病人。故选D。
19．答案：B
解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：艾米2011年离开福利院组建家庭后，她仍然经常想起孩子们。A. Befre在……之前；B. After在……之后；C. Once一旦；D. Until直到。引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之后”应用after。故选B。
20．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个想法一直萦绕在她的脑海里。A. shifted转移；B. wrked工作；C. stpped停止；D. stuck卡住。根据上文“This idea had always”指脑海里萦绕着这个想法，应用动词stuck。故选D。
21．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后在2020年，一位母亲的女儿因截肢失去了一条腿，她问艾米，她是否能给这个女孩做一个迷你娃娃，艾米对缝纫机很在行。A. handy手巧的；B. satisfied满意的；C. bred厌倦的；D. careful仔细的。根据后文“with a sewing machine, if she culd make a mini-me dl fr the girl”请求艾米做娃娃是因为艾米对缝纫机很在行。故选A。
22．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾米在脸书上发布了一张没有腿的娃娃的照片后，从白化病到胎记，各种各样的娃娃都纷纷订购。A. tk带走；B. psted张贴；C. remved去除；D. dwnladed下载。根据后文“a pht f the legless dll n Facebk”指在网上发布照片，应用pst。故选B。
23．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾米在脸书上发布了一张没有腿的娃娃的照片后，从白化病到胎记，各种各样的娃娃都纷纷订购。A. cmplaints投诉；B. remarks评论；C. rders订单；D. praises赞美。根据后文“pured in fr likeness with everything frm albinism t birthmarks”可知，照片发布后，她收到了很多订单。故选C。
24．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“差异让孩子们感到孤立和被评判，”她说，“有了洋娃娃，孩子们就会看到‘我不是唯一一个长得这样的人，我也足够漂亮，可以成为一个洋娃娃。’”A. Failures失败；B. Changes改变；C. Similarities相似性；D. Differences差异。根据上文“albinism t birthmarks”可知这些孩子有疾病或者身上有不同之处，即存在差异。故选D。
25．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“差异让孩子们感到孤立和被评判，”她说，“有了洋娃娃，孩子们就会看到‘我不是唯一一个长得这样的人，我也足够漂亮，可以成为一个洋娃娃。’”A. active活跃的；B. bld大胆的；C. beautiful美丽的；D. plain朴素的。根据后文“enugh t be a dll”指足够漂亮成为一个洋娃娃。故选C。
26．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾米在餐桌上制作了近400个定制娃娃，捐赠者通常会通过艾米的非营利组织“像我一样的娃娃”来支付100美元的费用。A. crafted精巧地制作；B. cllected收集；C. purchased购买；D. received收到。根据后文“nearly 400 custm dlls”此处指艾米制作了近400个定制娃娃，故选A。
27．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位三个孩子的母亲坚持在母亲和朋友的帮助下自己制作每个娃娃。A. takes up开始从事；B. insists n坚持；C. thinks abut谈论；D. lives n继续存在。根据后文“making each dll herself with help frm her mther and a friend”指艾米在母亲和朋友的帮助下坚持制作娃娃。故选B。
28．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于2岁的基根来说，由于罕见的皮肤状况，他身上长满了胎记，艾米和娃娃的胎记完全吻合。A. dressed穿衣；B. recgnized识别；C. cvered覆盖；D. buried埋葬。根据后文“him in birthmarks”指全身覆盖了胎记，故选C。
29．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于2岁的基根来说，由于罕见的皮肤状况，他身上长满了胎记，艾米和娃娃的胎记完全吻合。A. spts地点，斑点；B. sizes尺寸；C. shapes形状；D. clrs颜色。根据上文“him in birthmarks, Amy matched the dll’s”指基根的娃娃和他身上的胎记，即“斑点”完全吻合。故选A。
30．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位父亲说:“我女儿出生时就没有左臂，当一个洋娃娃寄给她的时候，我哭得像个婴儿。A. slept睡觉；B. wept哭泣；C. yawned打哈欠；D. laughed笑。根据后文“like a baby when a dll came in the mail fr my daughter, wh was brn withut her lwer left arm”指这位父亲被娃娃感动得哭泣。故选B。
31．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到女儿抱着她的娃娃，我想到的是她的未来，而不是她的局限。A. ptentials潜力；B. persnalities个性；C. limitatins限制；D. requirements要求。根据上文“my daughter, wh was brn withut her lwer left arm”指女儿缺少左臂的局限。故选C。
32．答案：①gracefully②the③t take④distinguished⑤explring⑥versins⑦despite⑧what⑨and⑩has inspired/has been inspiring
解析：①考查副词。句意：周五，在华盛顿肯尼迪中心拥挤的大厅前，舞者郝若琦优雅地穿过舞台，向对手挥舞着剑。修饰动词mve应用副词gracefully，故填gracefully。
②考查冠词。句意：郝饰演女主角花木兰，是宁波演艺集团中国舞剧《花木兰》的明星。此处herine特指花木兰应用定冠词。故填the。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：《花木兰》改编自脍炙人口的关于家庭奉献、忠诚和爱情的民间传说，讲述了中国古代一位年轻女子乔装男装接替父亲从军的故事。此处take在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填t take。
④考查形容词。句意：这个现代的诠释通过引人注目的舞蹈数字和精致的音乐重新想象了中国杰出女战士花木兰的经典故事，探索了自我认同和赋权的主题。修饰名词female应用形容词distinguished，故填distinguished。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意：这个现代的诠释通过引人注目的舞蹈数字和精致的音乐重新想象了中国杰出女战士花木兰的经典故事，探索了自我认同和赋权的主题。分析句子结构可知explre与逻辑主语interpretatin构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填explring。
⑥考查名词的数。句意：郝是中国国家歌舞剧院的一名成员，他说，一千人眼中可能有一千种版本的花木兰，但尽管文化和地域不同，观众还是有共同之处的。根据上文a thusand可知versin应用复数形式。故填versins。
⑦考查介词。句意：郝是中国国家歌舞剧院的一名成员，他说，一千人眼中可能有一千种版本的花木兰，但尽管文化和地域不同，观众还是有共同之处的。表示“尽管”应用介词despite。故填despite。
⑧考查宾语从句。句意：表演艺术专业协会主席兼首席执行官丽莎·理查兹·托尼说，木兰所表现出的真正的战士精神和她对人类的爱给她留下了深刻的印象。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what。故填what。
⑨考查连词。句意：表演艺术专业协会主席兼首席执行官丽莎·理查兹·托尼说，木兰所表现出的真正的战士精神和她对人类的爱给她留下了深刻的印象。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
⑩考查时态。句意：几个世纪以来，花木兰的故事激发了全球众多作品的灵感，包括迪士尼1998年的动画电影和2020年的真人电影。根据后文ver centuries可知用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语为The stry f Hua Mulan，助动词用has。故填has inspired /has been inspiring。
33．答案：In rder t enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency respnse capabilities f the students, a fire drill themed “Fcus n Fire Safety, Cherish Life” was successfully cnducted in ur schl.
Initially, prfessinal firefighters were invited t deliver n-site explanatins and demnstrated the crrect usage f fire extinguishers and fire hydrants. Then, during the drill, the mment the alarm sunded, all students cvering their muths and nses with wet twels bent dwn lw, and prmptly evacuated t a safe area in an rderly manner accrding t the predetermined escape rute.
Thrugh this fire drill, nt nly did we acquire essential fire preventin knwledge and skills but ur fire safety awareness was further strengthened.
解析：1.词汇积累
进行：cnduct→carry ut
展示：demnstrate→shw
一……就……：the mment→instantly
获得：acquire→btain
2.句型拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In rder t enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency respnse capabilities f the students, a fire drill themed “Fcus n Fire Safety, Cherish Life” was successfully cnducted in ur schl.
拓展句：In rder t enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency respnse capabilities f the students, a fire drill, whse theme was “Fcus n Fire Safety, Cherish Life”, was successfully cnducted in ur schl.
【高分句型1】In rder t enhance the fire safety awareness and emergency respnse capabilities f the students, a fire drill themed “Fcus n Fire Safety, Cherish Life” was successfully cnducted in ur schl.（运用了过去分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】 Then, during the drill, the mment the alarm sunded, all students cvering their muths and nses with wet twels bent dwn lw, and prmptly evacuated t a safe area in an rderly manner accrding t the predetermined escape rute.（运用了the mment引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型3】Thrugh this fire drill, nt nly did we acquire essential fire preventin knwledge and skills but ur fire safety awareness was further strengthened.（运用了部分倒装）
34．答案： As time passed by, the cnnectin between Chclate and I grew strnger and strnger. The grassland f the shelter ften witnessed heartwarming and harmnius scenes where a girl and a dg chased after each ther, r curdled tgether, leisurely enjying sunshine’s caress. With my cmpany and care, Chclate’s previus shyness and timidity gave way t curisity and enthusiasm. S attached was he t me that he even bit my trusers t stp my pace when I had t head hme. Magically, whenever I apprached him, my heart wuld brim with warmth and affectin, a sense f respnsibility t prtect him rising deep dwn. Perceiving him as my best friend, I reslved t attend t him well and sheltered him frm any ptential harm.
One day, Charlie said Chclate must find a hme sn r he wuld be remved. The news struck me like a blt frm the blue, making my heart sink with deep cncern that he wuld be ruthlessly abandned again. Hwever, it suddenly struck me that I culd be Chclate’s wner. Filled with eagerness and anticipatin, I pleaded with my parents t allw me t keep Chclate. Beynd my wildest dreams, they shuld apprve f my request, telling me “Hney, yur uncnditinal lve and cntinuus devtin t Chclate eventually made us change ur riginal idea.” Nw, it is a blessing that Chclate has becme my family member and it is he that awakens me t the realizatin that nthing can be a greater delight than dedicating lve and reaping trust in reward.
解析：1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“随着时间的流逝，Chclate和我之间的联系越来越紧密”可知，第一段可描写作者和Chclate之间日常亲密相处的情景，以及作者由此非常珍视Chclate，内心产生责任感。
②由第二段首句内容“有一天，Charlie说Chclate必须尽快找到一个家，否则就会被赶走”可知，第二段可描写作者因为这个消息而非常难过，想出了自己可以收养Charlie的解决方法，并得到了父母的同意，以及作者从这段经历中得到的感悟。
2. 续写线索：作者和Chclate联系更紧密——作者和Chclate亲密相处——作者产生责任感——Chclate需要尽快找到一个家——作者收养Chclate——作者的感悟
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①追逐：chase after/run after
②回家：head hme/g hme
③照顾：attend t/take care f
④抛弃：abandn/desert
⑤改变：change/alter
⑥收获：reap/harvest/gain
情绪类
①热情：enthusiasm/passin/keenness
②担忧：cncern/wrry
③喜悦：delight/jy/happiness
[高分句型1] The grassland f the shelter ften witnessed heartwarming and harmnius scenes where a girl and a dg chased after each ther, r curdled tgether, leisurely enjying sunshine’s caress. (where引导限制性定语从句、现在分词短语作状语)
[高分句型2] S attached was he t me that he even bit my trusers t stp my pace when I had t head hme. (s…that…引导结果状语从句、when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型3] The news struck me like a blt frm the blue, making my heart sink with deep cncern that he wuld be ruthlessly abandned again. (现在分词短语作状语、that引导同位语从句)