05.主谓一致易错知识点-2024年中考英语三轮复习重难知识点梳理与突破(通用版)

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【知识梳理1】
主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配：语法一致原则 (grammatical cncrd) 、意义一致原则 (ntinal cncrd) 、就近原则 (principle f prximity)。“主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。
I. 语法一致原则
1) 当and或连接两个或三个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Tm and Mike are frm the
Bth Lucy and Lily are students.
注意： ① “A and B”指同一个人/物时 (即只用一个冠词) 谓语动词用单数形式。
The schlar and musician visits ur schl every year.
VS.The schlar and the musician visit ur schl every year.
Bread and butter(=Buttered bread) is my sn’s favur.
VS.Bth bread and butter are the necessaries f life. (两种食物）
② 如果名词由 every, each, n来修饰，即便结构上用 and连接表示并列，谓语动词用单数形式。
Every girl and every by likes ftball.
Each member and each waiter f the club is satisfied with the behavir f the bss.
2) 不定代词如either, neither, each ne, the ther, anther, anybdy, anyne, anything, smene, smebdy, smething, everyne, everybdy, everything, nbdy, n ne, nthing做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
—Is there anything wrng with yur watch? —N, there isn't.
Everyne is ready fr the sprts meeting.
Neither f the girls likes ftball.
注意：nne (f) 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
“n+名词” 作主语时谓语动词单复数由名词决定。
Nne f the peple here is a farmer.
N student is t leave the classrm during the class.
N strangers are fund within 20 meters f the science lab.
3) “A+ as well as/as much as/n less than/alng with/with/like/rather than/but/except/besides/including/ in additin t+ B” 时，表示复数意义，但谓语动词单复数只由A的单复数形式决定。
The teacher with her students was excited after the match.
Nbdy but Sam and Mike was in the classrm.
Mr. Green tgether with his wife and tw daughters is cming t Beijing.
My parents as well as I are interested in actin mvies.
4) 有的词组既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，如a lt f, lts f, plenty f,谓语动词单复数由名词决定，但是amunts f, quantities f无论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。
Plenty f water n the earth is sea water.
Amunts f water are used t water flwers.
Lts f peple have been there.
注意：a number f “大量的” VS. the number f “…的数量”
A number f trees were cut dwn.
The number f the students in ur class is 32.
5) “分数或百分数＋名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。
Tw thirds f the furniture was designed and made in Japan.
70% f the students agree with what their class teacher said just nw.
6) 主语由mre than ne …或many a …修饰，虽然表示复数意义，但主语中心语是名词单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。
Mre than ne huse has been damaged in the hurricane.
Many a student has taken part in the vluntary wrk s far.
注意： “mre than tw…”修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Mre than tw huses have been damaged in the hurricane.
7) 由 “a pair/piece/kind/series…+ f+ 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式; “pairs/pieces/kinds/series...+ f+ 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
A pair f sunglasses is lying n the table.
Fifty pairs f shes are made each day.
注意：当clthes, trusers, shrts, pants, shes, glves...单独作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
My glasses were brken s I had t buy a new ne.
Red shes belng t Alice while blue pants are mine.
【知识梳理2】
1)集体名词
常作复数的集体名词crwd, peple, plice, cattle等，
常作复数，随后的动词用复数形式；
The plice are helping a girl find her parents.
Peple there are living a happy life.
既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词family, team, grup, class, audience, gvernment, public等。如将各该名词所表示的名词视为一个整体，则动词用单数。
My family are ging n vacatin next mnth.
VS. My family is a small ne with three peple.
The gvernment is ding its best t increase prductin
VS. The gvernment have discussed the matter fr a lng time but they haven’t made a decisin yet.
The ftball team is being recgnized.
VS. The ftball team are having baths and then cming back here fe tea.
2)形复意单的名词 news等和一些学科名词 maths (mathematics), physics, plitics, ecnmics，表达
单数含义, 谓语动词用单数形式。
Physics is an imprtant subject in middle schls.
Mathematics is the study f numbers.
The news lasts abut ne hur.
3) 某些单复数同形的名词 headquarters (总部), means (方法、手段), series (系列), species (种类), wrks
(工厂), Chinese, Japanese, sheep, dear作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要依据主语的意义来决定。
A headquarter was set up t direct the peratin.
VS.Their headquarters are in Paris.
The nly means t achieve success is t use weapns.
VS. All means have been tried ut t increase agricultural prductin.
A new species f mammal has been fund.
VS. Altgether abut 450 species f flatfish are knwn.
4)表示“一段时间”、“一笔钱”、“一段距离”、“一个数量”和“一块面积”的复数名词作主语，看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数动词形式; 表示若干个个别的单位（一个一个计算，总数超过一个）时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Six mnths is t shrt a time t learn a language well.
The banker thught that six millin was nt t much t invest in business.
Three miles was t lng a distance fr him t run.
Five hurs is needed t cmplete the wrk here.
There were six silver dllars in each f the stckings.
5)“the +形容词” 如 the ld/yung/rich/pr泛指一类人时，代表复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
【知识梳理3】
就近一致原则：r, either…r…, neither…nr…, nt nly…but als…连接的主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于离谓语较近的主语。
Nt nly Tm but als Mary and Helen are frm America.
The students r their teacher likes the new classrm.
there be, here be句型中，遵循就近原则。
There is a bk and tw pens n the desk.
There are tw pens and a bk n the desk.
知识点突破
1. There________ many students in the schl in 10 years.
A. is ging t haveB. are ging t have
C. is ging t beD. are ging t be
2. —Are yu Mr Black? ________ a letter fr yu.
—Thank yu.
A. Here areB. It has
C. Here isD. Here has
3. —Sme bread ________ n the table. Help yurself(随便吃).
—Thank yu.
A. beB. isC. are
4. —Hw many wmen dctrs are there in yur hspital, David?
—________ them ________ 123.
A. The number f; isB. A number f; isC. The number f; areD. A number f; are
5. —My gd friend Tm, tgether with his classmates, ging t visit Shenzhen.
—Will he phne yu as sn as he here?
A. are; arrivesB. are; will arriveC. is; arrivesD. is; will arrive
6. Maria ften ____ breakfast at seven ’clck.
A. drinkB. hasC. haveD. eat
7. —Let’s watch the mvie, the Battle at Lake Changjin.
—________.
A. Sunds wellB. That sund gdC. That sunds wellD. Sunds gd
8. —Has yur mther gt any cffee?
—Yes, she ________.
A. haveB. hasC. isD. are
9. Lily with her parents ______ Oxfam since tw years ag.
A. has jinedB. have jinedC. has been inD. have been in
10. —_________ she with her sister finished reading the nvel Gne with the wind?
—_________. As sn as they finish their hmewrk, they will read it carefully.
A. Hasn’t, YesB. Haven’t, NC. Haven’t, YesD. Hasn’t, N
11. Mr. Lee usually ________ fr a walk after dinner.
A. gB. gesC. is ging
12. There are trees n ____ side f the street, and ____ f the trees is still increasing(增长).
A. either; the numberB. each; a numberC. every; a numberD. bth; the number
13. There ________lts f bread and sme eggs fr breakfast at hme.
A. hasB. haveC. areD. is
14. —This pair f trusers ________ t shrt fr my daughter. D yu have a lnger pair?
—Srry, that’s all we have.
A. areB. amC. is
15. The students are having parties in the classrm. There ________ sme juice and a lt f snacks n each desk.
A. isB. areC. hasD. have
16. —A number f Chinese peple ________ interested in winter sprts.
—Yes. And the number f them ________ still grwing because f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
A. are; isB. are; areC. is; is
17. The TV news _________ very imprtant.
A. isB. areC. amD. d
18. There ________ sme bread and apples n the table.
A. areB. isC. be
19. — Tny as well as his classmates ________ ging t the cncert this weekend.
— But mre than 80 percent f the tickets ________ sld ut.
A. is; have beenB. are; have beenC. is; has beenD. will be; have
20. —Lk, there ________ n girls n the playgrund. —Yes, nly three ________ are playing basketball there.
A. is; by studentsB. are; bys studentsC. are; by studentsD. is; bys students
21. —Is there a hspital near here?
—Yes, ________ is. It’s ________ Bridge Street.
A. there; inB. there; nC. it; at
22. I ________ pp music and my mum ________ ld music.
A. like; likeB. likes; likesC. like; likesD. likes; like
23. There _____________ sme rain. Yu’d better take an umbrella.
A. may beB. maybeC. may be haveD. may have
24. There ________ a number f gd students in Hpe Middle Schl and they seldm _______ tday’s wrk till tmrrw.
A. is；put awayB. is； put ffC. are；put awayD. are；put ff
25. Listen! There are sme students ________ in the next classrm.
A. singingB. sangC. sing
26. —Where ________ yur ntebks?
—In the bkcase.
A. beB. amC. areD. is
27. —There ________ many freign students in her class.
—Yes. I knw tw f them are ________.
A. are; JapaneseB. is; AustralianC. are; GermanyD. is; America
28. My sccer ball ________ under the bed. Let ________ get it.
A. are; weB. are; meC. is; weD. is; me
29. There ________ a very small number f bks n science in ur schl library, and in these years the number f them ________ grwing larger and larger.
A. are; isB. is; areC. have; areD. have; is
30. ----Hw much ______ the shrts?
---- _______ ten dllars.
A. are; They’reB. is; It’sC. are; It’s
31. _____ the students in ur schl is abut 5,000, and _______ f them are bys.
A. A number f; three fifthsB. The number f; third fivesC. A number f; third fifthsD. The number f; three fifths
32. There _________ a sprts meeting next Friday.
A. will be ging tB. will g tC. is ging t haveD. is ging t be
33. The brwn trusers ________ 135 yuan. And that pair f trusers ________ 150 yuan.
A. is；isB. are；isC. are；areD. is；are
34. There ________ lts f water in the river nw.
A. isB. hasC. areD. have
35. _______ the students ________ the teacher was late, thugh it was raining heavily.
A. Bth; andB. Either; rC. Neither; nr
36. There ______ an English mvie tmrrw.
A. will haveB. is ging t beC. is ging t haveD. will has
37. —Are there any apples n the table?
—________. But there are sme ranges.
A. N, there isn’tB. Yes, they areC. Yes, there areD. N, there aren’t
38. She usually _______ silk skirts.
A. wearB. wearsC. t wearD. wearing
39. —_____ the ppulatin f the in 2005?
—It _____ abut 296 millin.
A. What is; isB. What was; wasC. Hw many was; was
40. T much wrk ___________ his __________. He had better have a gd rest.
A. leaded t, illB. leads t, illnessC. led, illD. lead t, illness
41. Mrs. Green likes carrts, but her daughter Susan ________.
A. dB. desC. dn’tD. desn’t
42. —Where ________ pandas frm?
—________ frm China.
A. are; It’sB. is; It’s
C. are; They’reD. is; They’re
43. There ________ a sprts meeting in ur schl next week.
A. will haveB. is ging t haveC. are ging t beD. is ging t be
44. — Hw much ________ the hat?
— It _________ abut five dllars.
A. am; isB. is; isC. are; isD. is; are
45. Nt nly his friends but als he _______ happy when they heard f the exciting news.
A. isB. areC. wasD. were
46. There ________ a meeting tmrrw afternn.
A. isB. areC. is ging t beD. will have
47. There _______always many visitrs in Beijing n Natinal Day.
A. areB. wereC. beD. is
48. —Mum, lk! My trusers ________ shrt. Can yu buy me a new ________?
—OK.
A. is; pairB. were; neC. are; pairD. is; ne
49. Neither Li Hua nr I ________ gd at writing.
A. amB. isC. areD. were
50. —Which wuld yu like, tea r cffee?
—Either ________ OK, but I prefer cffee ________ milk.
A. is, hasB. are, withC. is, withD. is, t