【期中复习】译林版2020 2023-2024学年高一下册英语 专题01 省略（考点讲解）.zip

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为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
省略的种类
一. 简单句中的省略
1.省略主语:一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,主语常常省略,主要是祈使句中的yu和疑问句中的主语。
(Yu) Shw this way, please!请这边走!
(Yu) Give a lift?需要帮忙吗?
2.省略宾语:当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常省略宾语。
—D yu knw the mascts f the Beijing Winter Olympic Games?
—Of curse I knw( the mascts f the Beijing Winter Olympic Games).
——你知道北京冬奥会的吉祥物吗?——我当然知道。
3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
(There is) N smking.禁止吸烟。
(Yu cme) This way, please.请这边走。
二、并列句中的省略
在并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一个分句中相同的部分，如主语，谓语，宾语等，以使句子更加简洁明了。
He wrks as a dctr and his wife(wrks) a teacher.
他是个医生，他妻子是个老师。
My brther stayed up late and(he) managed t finish the imprtant prject.
我哥哥熬夜很晚，并且完成了一项重要的项目。
The ne side f the bard is painted red and the ther(side f the bard was painted) yellw.
这个板子的一面被粉刷成红色，另一面被粉刷成黄色。
Jim wn the first prize and Peter(wn) the secnd(prize).
吉姆赢得了一等奖，彼得赢得了二等奖。
三、复合句中的省略
1.状语从句的省略
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果主句的主语与从句的主语一致，或状语从句的主语为it, 且从句中含有be动词时，可以将状语从句的主语和be动词省略掉。
When I was driving a car t the city center, I sptted my ld friend.
→When driving a car t the city center, I sptted my ld friend.
当我开车去往市中心时，我发现了我的一个老朋友。
(状语从句的主语为I, 与主句主语一致，且从句中出现了be动词was,所以状语从句的主语和be动词可以省略掉。)
If it is necessary, I will turn t him fr sme suggestins.
→If necessary, I will turn t him fr sme suggestins.
如果有必要，我会向他求助寻求些建议的。
(状语从句的主语为it，且状语从句有be动词，所以状语从句中的it is可以省略掉。)
状语从句中省略的特殊用法
用于在as或者than引导的比较状语从句中。
He wrks harder than ther classmates wrk.→He wrks harder than ther classmates.
他比其他同学们更努力。
(than引导的比较状语从句中，可以将从句中相同的谓语动词或短语省略掉。)
He tried t finish the task as well as pssible.(as后面省略了it is)
他尽力很好得完成这个任务。
2.定语从句的省略
在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词that, which, wh, whm代替先行词作宾语时，可以省略关系代词。
例如：
①Wh was the girl that he spke t just nw?→ Wh was the girl he was spke t just nw?
刚刚他与之交谈的那个女孩是谁？
(定语从句that he spke t just nw，先行词为the girl，此处关系代词that代替先行词the girl, 在定语从句中作宾语，所以关系代词that可以省略。)
② I live near the river which I used t swim in. →I live near the river I used t swim in.
我生活在我过去游泳的那条河流旁边。
(定语从句which I used t swim in，先行词为the river，此处关系代词which代替先行词the river，在定语从句中作宾语 ，所以关系代词which可以省略。)
定语从句中省略的特殊用法
当the way在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可以省略。
I dn’t like the way in which/ that he behaves. →I dn’t like the way he behaves.
我不喜欢他行事的方式。
(定语从句in which he behaves, 先行词为the way, 先行词在定语从句中充当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。)
The way in which/that the cmpany perates is really successful.
→The way the cmpany perates is really successful.
这家公司运行的方式真的很成功。
(定语从句in which the cmpany perates,先行词为the way,先行词在定语从句中从当方式状语，所以此处关系代词可以省略。 )
3.宾语从句的省略
谓语动词后的宾语从句，由that引导时，连接词that可以省略。
He warned me(that) the danger ahead wuld threaten my life.
他警告我，前方的危险会威胁我的生命。
Everybdy knws(that) prtecting the envirnment means a lt.
每个人都知道保护环境很重要。
宾语从句省略的特殊性：
在并列宾语从句中，第一个that可以省略，第二个及之后的that不可以省略。
He prmised the lcal peple(that) he wuld raise sme funds and that he wuld set up a schl.
他承诺当地人他会筹集一些资金并且建立一所学校。
四、其他的省略情况
1.动词不定式的省略
动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留t。
—Wuld yu like t g with us ?
—I’m glad t g with us, but I have t finish my hmewrk.
→I’m glad t, but I have t finish my hmewrk.
--你想和我们一起去吗？--我很乐意去，但是我不得不完成作业。
The by wanted t play ftball in the street, but his mther tld him nt t play ftball in the street.
→The by wanted t play ftball in the street, but his mther tld him nt t.
2.虚拟语气中的省略
在含有were, had, shuld的if引导虚拟条件句中常可以省略if而将were, had, shuld置于句首。
If it had nt been fr the drught, the crp wuld nt have failed.
→Had it nt been fr the drught, the crp wuld nt have failed.
要不是因为那场干旱，庄家不会欠收的。
If he were absent frm the meeting, he wuld lse the pprtunity t be prmted.
→Were he absent frm the meeting, he wuld lse the pprtunity t be prmted.
如果他缺席了这个会，他会失去晋升的机会。
表“命令、要求、建议”等意义的名词性从句中用“shuld+动词原形”，shuld常可省略。
The dctr suggests that peple(shuld) d exercise fr thirty minute every day t be in gd health.
医生建议人们应该每天锻炼30分钟保持健康状态。
The general gave sldiers an rder that they(shuld) nt leave the battlefield.
将军向士兵发出命令，他们不能离开战场。
3.使用s,nt等时的省略。
在英语中,可以用s,nt或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Is he cming back tnight?他今晚回来吗?—I think s/nt.我认为会回来(不会回来)。
4.介词的省略。
一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构:
①have difficulty/truble(in) ding sth.
②be busy(in) ding sth.
③spend sme time(in) ding sth.
④stp/prevent sb.(frm) ding sth.
回答问题要简洁，并列重复须省略。
祁使主语必省略，比较than后须省略。
宾从表从that省略，主从that勿省略。
前后出现同一词，惯用习语常省略。
1.(2023北京高考)When (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
答案：seen.
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrve frests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen frm afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。
2. This discvery helped researchers cnclude that these tw drugs, when _________(take) tgether, culd lead t heart disease.
答案：taken
解析：考查状语从句的省略。句意：这一发现帮助研究人员得出结论，当这两种药物同时服用时，可能会导致心脏病。分析句子结构可知，空处省略主语the tw drags，此处表示药被服用，所以空处需用一般现在时的被动语态：are taken，此处when引导的时间状语从句，主语与宾语从句主句一致，且含有be动词，所以此处be动词和主语被省略，所以用过去分词taken。
3. Children, when_________(accmany) by their parents, are allwed t enter the stadium.
答案：accmpanied
解析：考查省略句。句意：孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。 本题考查状语从句省略，原句为Children, when they are accmpanied by their parents, are allwed t enter the stadium. 省略了 they are。所以填accmpanied。
I.单句语法填空
1.When (absrb) in painting, the artist wuld frget all the pains he suffered in his life.
2.If a persn is bleeding, always wear glves and prtective eyewear when (give) first aid care.
3. When a tmb is pened, fresh air disturbs the viruses, which, if (breathe) in, can result in illness r even death.
4. When (ask) t sing a sng, she culdn’t refuse.
5. Once (understand), the prblem is easy t slve.
6. When (crss) the rad, yu shuld be careful.
7.While (wait) fr the train，I had a lng talk with my my yunger sister abut her wrk.
8.Once (interrupt), ne will frget things easily.
9. There are sme health prblems that, when nt (treat) in time, can becme bigger nes later n.
10. It is said that he drwned when he fell int a river while (try) t take hld f the reflectin f the Mn.
11. When (cmpare) different cultures, we ften pay attentin nly t the differences withut nticing the many similarities.
12. Once (pur), water can’t be taken back.
13. A burst f laughter made him (straight) himself and lk arund.
14.When (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.(所给词的适当形式填空)
15. Thugh (discnnect), the phne serves a surprising purpse: helping peple speak ut what they feel embarrassed t say in frnt f thers.
16. Yu’d better take the price, the quality and s n int cnsideratin when (buy).
17. She hurriedly left the rm as if (anger).
18. Be careful with such things. If , yu’ll drp them.
19. The prfessr paused as if (expect) his students t ask questins n the pint he had just made.
20. Thugh (warn) again and again, the yung man still drve after drinking, leading t his being fined.
21. When (ask) a questin in class, yu shuldn’t keep silent but actively answer it.
22. While (head) fr the frest, I heard a cry fr help.
23. Yu shuld stay where yu are, unless (ask) t leave.
24. Thugh (defeat), he still felt happy.
25. Yu’ve prbably heard that mst Canadians want gvernments t d mre n climate. That’s what tw-thirds f the public tell pllsters when (ask).
26. I hpe it will be fine this Sunday. If , we’ll g fr an uting.
27. Thugh (face) great pressure, the speakers bravely vercame it.
28. They face a lt f challenges when (try) t get fd.
29. Music and art, when (use) in hspitals, help t imprve the cnditins f patients by reducing stress, anxiety and bld pressure.
30. It sunds like smething is wrng with the car’s engine. If , we’d better take it t the garage immediately.
II.完成句子
1. 与同事互动时，诚实是必不可少的；没有诚实，尊重就无法获得，专业关系也会受到损害。
, hnesty is essential fr respect and psitive prfessinal relatinships. Withut hnesty, respect is nt earned and prfessinal relatinships suffer.
2. 总而言之，出国留学有助于塑造人格，增加人们对文化多样性的了解，同时增强中国的实力，为大家打造一个共同的未来。
All in all, studying abrad helps t build character and increase peple’s understanding f diversity while China and building a shared future fr all.
3. 当我一个人在街上走的时候，我听见有人在后边叫我的名字。
, I heard my name called frm behind.
4. 她站在门口，好像在等人似的。(as if)
She std at the gate .
5. 爬山时，我们享受到了温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。(状语从句的省略)
, we enjyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.
6. 孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。
Children, by their parents, are allwed t enter the stadium.
7. 你应该按要求完成家庭作业。
Yu shuld finish the hmewrk .
8. 当他专心致志工作的时候经常会废寝忘食。
When wrk, which he ften was, he wuld frget all abut eating r sleeping.
9. 当问到他的意见时，他默不作声。(状语从句的省略)
, he remained silent.
10. 你最好在旅行的时候带张地图，这样你就不会迷路了。(省略结构)
Yu’d better take a map with yu s that yu wn’t get lst.
11. 如果这项维修工作不完成的话，当暴风雨来临时会造成巨大的损失。
The repair, , will cause great lss a strm cmes.
12. 如果不加以控制，这些不良习惯会在他们成年后导致更严重的有害习惯。
These bad habits, , culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults.
III. 句型转换
1. Yu shuld stay where yu are unless yu are asked t leave.(状语从句的省略)
→ Yu shuld stay where yu are .
2. If I were given mre time, I culd have dne it better.
= mre time, I culd have dne it better.
3. The winters in Hangzhu are nt s mild as they are in Guangzhu.(改为省略句)
→The winters in Hangzhu are nt s mild as Guangzhu.
4. If it is s, I hpe yu will have a wnderful time.(改为省略句)
→ , I hpe yu will have a wnderful time.
5. He wn’t attend the party even if he is invited.
→ He wn’t attend the party .(同义句转换)
6. Mistakes, if there are any, shuld be crrected.
→ Mistakes, , shuld be crrected.(同义句转换)
7. When he was in America, he made many friends with students frm different cuntries.
→ , he made many friends with students frm different cuntries.(同义句转换)
8. If nt well rganized, the meeting will be a failure.(将句子中省略的部分补全)