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专题13 病毒的危害及其预防-2024年中考一轮复习英语热点话题梳理题型专练(通用版)
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这是一份专题13 病毒的危害及其预防-2024年中考一轮复习英语热点话题梳理题型专练(通用版)，文件包含13病毒的危害及其预防原卷版docx、13病毒的危害及其预防解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
13.病毒的危害及其预防
一、阅读理解
1
Stmach flu is ne f the mst unpleasant f a cmmn illness. It spreads easily. That’s especially true if smene in yur family has it. A virus can cause stmach flu, but nt the same ne that causes cmmn flu. There’s n medicine t make it g away at nce. But there are sme things yu can d t stp catching it.
Yu can stp stmach flu by washing yur hands ften. Use ht water and sap t wash yur hands. Using sap is better than using nthing, but it desn’t wrk very well against stmach flu. That’s because sap can’t kill virus cmpletely.
The virus that causes stmach flu is hard t kill. Nrmal cleaners(清洁剂) wn’t always get rid f it. S mix bleach (漂白剂) with water, and use that t clean yur huse. If smene in yur family is sick, remember t clean things that persn has tuched.
Dishwashers are better at killing viruses than washing the dishes by hand. That’s because they keep the dishes htter r lnger. Many viruses can live in yur washing machine. S wash clthes with ht water and use bleach, if pssible. Yu may even run the washing machine with n clthes, just ht water and bleach. This will kill any virus in it.
If yu d get the stmach flu, drink as much water as pssible. If yu’re feeling better, dn’t return t wrk r schl right away. Yu can still spread the disease fr a few days after yu feel better. If yu have a fever, wait at least 24 hurs after it ends befre ging ut. This will help stp ther peple frm getting sick.
Stmach flu is awful, but by fllwing these tips abve, yu can keep away frm it.
1. Frm paragraph 1, we knw that ________.
A. stmach flu is a pleasant cmmn flu.
B. medicine can make stmach flu g away at nce.
C. if smene arund yu catches stmach flu, yu may catch it, t.
D. the same virus can cause stmach flu and cmmn flu.
2. What des the underline phrase “get rid f” prbably mean in paragraph 3?
A. 逃离B. 除去C. 避免D. 变糟
3. Which f the fllwing is the best t kill viruses?
A. Washing yur hands with water and sap.
B. Mixing bleach with water t clean yur huse.
C. Washing the dishes and clthes with bleach by hand.
D. Running the washing machine withut clthes, just with ht water and bleach.
4. What shuld we d after a fever ends?
A. Take as little medicine as pssible.B. Return t wrk r schl at nce.
C. Wait at least 24 hurs befre ging ut.D. G t see the dctr again.
5. Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the passage?
A. B. C. D.
2
It is a cld and dry winter mrning. When yu wake up, yu feel that yur thrat(喉咙) hurts. Yu begin t cugh (咳嗽) . Yu have a cld! Culd it just be a cmmn cld r the flu(流感) that’s been ging arund? A cld gives yu a runny nse and a cugh. But it’s usually easy t deal with. Sme peple take medicine while thers drink warm water r chicken sup. Usually yu feel better after a week. On the ther hand, the flu can be much mre dangerus. Smetimes it can make peple die.
Accrding t an American magazine, the wrst flu killed abut 50,000,000 peple frm 1918 t 1919.
Dn’t wrry. If yu get a flu vaccine (疫苗), it can stp yu frm getting the virus. Flu vaccines wrk by giving the bdy sme flu viruses. This makes yur bdy prduce antibdies (产生抗体) . S next time yu get the flu, the antibdies can help yu The flu virus changes every few years. There are s many kinds f flu and the antibdies fr ne kind f flu can’t help us against all kinds f flu. That’s why we need t get the vaccine every year.
Gd healthy habits may als help keep yu away frm a cld r flu. Washing yur hands ften helps stp yu frm getting viruses. It is als imprtant t d sme exercise and eat healthy fd.
6. The underlined wrd “virus” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.
A. 癌症B. 病毒C. 手术
7. Usually yu’ll feel better after ________ if yu have a cmmn cld.
A. three daysB. seven daysC. tw weeks
8. Accrding t the passage, ________ is the crrect rder.
a.Yur bdy gets sme flu viruses.
b.Yur bdy can fight the virus next time yu catch the flu.
c.Yu get a flu vaccine.
d.Yur bdy prduces antibdies.
A. c-a-d-bB. c-d-a-bC. a-c-d-b
9. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. In rder t get away frm the flu, we shuld have healthy habits.
B. A cld is mre serius than the flu.
C. As lng as we get a flu vaccine, we will never get the flu.
10. Which is the main idea f the passage?
A. It’s mainly abut why peple shuld get the flu vaccine every year.
B. It’s mainly abut the differences between a cld and the flu.
C. It’s mainly abut what the flu is and hw t keep away frm it.
3
11. If yu want t get a gd sleep, yu’d better ________.
A. g t bed after yu’re tiredB. g t sleep at midnight
C. fllw the bedtime rutineD. eat smething r read in bed
12. T prevent frm catching a cld r flu, it’s gd fr yu ________.
A. t wash yur face ftenB. t brush yur teeth daily
C. t get up early every mrningD. t wash all parts f yur hands ften
13. Accrding t the passage, many diseases have smething t d with ________.
A. ding little physical activityB. washing hands with cld water
C. sleeping t late smetimesD. having n ral examinatin
4
Crnavirus: what d we knw?
Read t find ut mre abut COVID-19 and the crnavirus family. We have lts f gd tips t help yu stay safe and healthy. Hw much d yu knw abut the nvel crnavirus(新型冠状病毒)? It is this virus that causes COVID-19, an acute respiratry infectius disease(急性呼吸道传染病). Crnaviruses are a large family f viruses. The wrd “crna” cmes frm Latin(拉丁文) and refers t crwns(王冠). When peple first saw a crnavirus under a micrscpe(显微镜), they fund that its spikes(刺突) lked like a crwn. That’s hw the viruses gt their name. Sme crnaviruses cause illness in humans; many thers are fund in animals, including camels, cats and bats. S far, we have fund seven kinds f crnavirus that can infect humans. Fur f them cause cmmn sicknesses, such as the flu(流感) and cmmn cld. But sme crnaviruses are mre serius. Examples include Middle East respiratry syndrme (MERS, 中东呼吸综合症) and severe acute respiratry syndrme (SARS，严重急性呼吸综合症). The nvel crnavirus, which was first fund in Wuhan, is the seventh ne.
We have the answers
Q: What is the nvel crnavirus?
A: The nvel crnavirus has nt been fund in humans befre. It was first fund in a seafd market in Wuhan. Researchers fund that it prbably came frm bats.
Q: Hw dangerus is it?
A: The nvel crnavirus can kill up t 2.1 percent f the peple it infects(感染). SARS and MERS have fatality rates(致死率) f abut 9.6 and 34.4 percent, respectively(分别的), accrding t WHO.
Q: Wh can catch this virus?
A: Elderly peple are at the highest risk(风险) f dying. Over 80 percent f deaths have been peple abve the age f 60 and ver 75 percent had chrnic diseases(慢性病). Children wh have the disease ften shw minr symptms(轻症).
Q: What are the symptms f the new disease?
A: Infected peple will have a fever, cugh and breathing difficulties. In mre severe cases, the virus can cause pneumnia(肺炎), kidney failure(肾衰竭)and death.
Q: Hw des this virus spread?
A: Crnaviruses can spread thrugh mucus drplets(粘液飞沫) (a cugh r sneeze); clse persnal cntact (tuching r shaking hands); tuching an bject with viral particles(微粒) (then tuching yur muth, nse r eyes befre washing yur hands); and rarely frm human drppings(排泄物).
Q: Hw lng is the incubatin(潜伏) perid?
A: Infected peple will shw symptms between 3 t 7 days, r 14 days at mst. But the incubatin perid can last fr as lng as 24 days.
Q: Are there any ways t prevent r treat COVID-19?
A: There is n cure(特效药) fr the virus yet. Antibitics(抗生素) are effective against bacteria, but nt viruses. Dctrs can nly try t treat the symptms and imprve the immune system(免疫系统) with medicine in rder t fight the virus.
Surce: China daily
14. The crnaviruses was named because f its ________.
A. clrB. shapeC. sizeD. symptms
15. What d we knw abut this virus?
A. Children wn’t catch this virus.
B. It is mre likely(可能性) fr elderly peple t catch the crna viruses.
C. the incubatin(潜伏) perid can last as lng as 7 days.
D. There have been sme cure(特效药) fr the virus.
16. What is the death fatality rates(致死率) f the crna virus?
A. 3.4B. 2.1C. 9.6D. 34.4
17. Which ne is nt a symptm f the new disease？
A. cughB. breathing difficultiesC. a feverD. a headache
18. The virus wn’t spread thrugh ________.
A. fd yu eat
B. mucus drplets(粘液飞沫)
C. persnal cntact
D. tuching an bject with viral particles (then tuching yur muth, nse r eyes befre washing yur hands)
5
Spring is an inviting seasn fr utdr activities. But be careful—the warm weather is als a htbed fr viruses (病毒) and disease.
This March, the influenza (流行性感冒) A (H7N9) virus hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It was reprted that by April 11 at least 35 peple had been infected (被感染的) with the H7N9 virus, and nine f them had died.
The influenza A (H7N9) virus is ne type f influenza A H7 viruses. Influenza A H7 viruses nrmally spread amng birds.
This is the first time human infectins with H7N9 viruses have been reprted in China. Earlier reprts were abut H5N1 and H1N1.
All the three viruses are influenza A viruses but they are nt the same. H7N9 and H5N1 are animal influenza viruses that culd infect peple. Hwever, H1N1 viruses can be divided int tw grups. One grup can nrmally infect peple and the ther nrmally infects animals. Als, H1N1 can spread frm human t human, but H7N9 prbably can’t, accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO).
Mst peple infected with H7N9 lked like they had the cmmn flu. Sme peple had bad pneumnia (肺炎). They suffered frm a fever, a cugh and shrtness f breath.
But dn’t be afraid-it is nt easy t be infected with the virus. One f the pssible reasns is clse cntact with sick pultry (家禽) waste. Peple may als be infected thrugh breath accrding t Natinal Health and Family Planning Cmmissin.
Here are sme tips frm the WHO that can prtect yu frm being infected.
●Wash yur hands with sap and running water befre yu eat, after yu use the tilet, and after tuching animals r animal waste.
●When cughing r sneezing cver yur muth and nse with a mask, tissue r a sleeve.
●Get a gd rest and d exercises, which will help make yur bdy strng enugh t stand up t the virus.
19. What’s the name f the influenza virus that hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang this March?
A. It is the H7N9 virus.B. It is the H5N1 virus.
C. It is the H1N1 virus.D. It is A H7 virus.
20. Hw many peple had died by April 11 accrding t the reprt?
A. Abut 35.B. Abut 9.C. Abut 44.D. Nbdy had died.
21. What’s the Chinese meaning fr “stand up t” in the last paragraph?
A. 起立B. 站着C. 抵抗D. 向上
6
If peple arund yu have had a fever recently, it may nt be COVID-19. It’s reprted that many places in China have entered int the peak (高峰) perid fr seasnal (季节性的) flu. Influenza A (甲流) is sweeping acrss the cuntry.
In the past three years, peple did things t prevent COVID-19 frm spreading, which als prevented the spreading f flu. Thus, peple’s immunity (免疫力) t the flu went dwn. Besides, the flu and COVID-19 are different viruses, s getting COVID-19 des nt prtect yu frm getting the flu, said Wu Zunyu frm the Chinese Center fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin.
22. Accrding t the passage, which ne is nt mentined (被提及) abut the Symptms f influenza A?
A. Having a cugh.B. Having a headache.
C. Having a fever abve 38℃.D. Having a tthache.
23. If the fever desn’t g dwn after three days, yu shuld ________.
A. stay at hmeB. g t see a dctr
C. take the medicine by yurselvesD. take a ht shwer
24. Frm the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________.
A. the flu and COVID-19 are different viruses
B. althugh influenza A is spreading arund China, we have ways t prevent it
C. he/she will g back t schl in 24 hurs if a student catches the flu
D. if yu have had a fever recently, it must be COVID-19
25. Yu may read the passage in a/an ________.
A. newspaperB. stryC. art magazineD. sprts magazine
7
Flu easily spreads frm ne persn t anther. This is especially true t peple wh are weak. If yu are weak, yu are mre likely t catch the flu easily. D yu knw hw yu can avid flu?
Keep in gd health
The best treatment (疗法) t illness is gd health. Yu can eat everything yu want but make sure that yur diet is healthy. The healthier yu are, the better it is fr yu t avid any type f illness arund. Mst dctrs suggest plenty f fresh fruit juice and water in rder that ne can avid the flu.
Stay away frm peple with flu
If a member f the family r a friend has the flu, stay away frm him/her until he/she is well. Flu is very cmmunicable and yu can catch it by ging with the persn with the flu. Wear a mask and avid using things that the persn with the flu is using.
Exercise
Exercising will make yu strnger, which means a strnger immune (免疫的) system t. Exercise ften s that yur bdy will keep healthy. It desn't matter what kind f exercise it is. What is imprtant is that yu are making yur bdy strnger t prevent illness frm attacking yu.
Be happy
Happy peple are healthy peple. Their life is stress free, s they are mre likely t be safe frm illness. If yu are unhappy, which affects yur immune system, yu will easily get sick.
Aviding the flu is easy. Just bst (增强) yur immune system and it will take care f the rest.
26. What’s the best treatment t illness?
A. Best medicine.B. Mre exercise.C. Gd health.D. Being happy.
27. What des the underlined wrd “cmmunicable” prbably mean in Chinese?
A. 顽固的B. 无效的C. 致命的D. 传染的
28. The passage is written t ________.
A. intrduce sme ways t avid fluB. share sme facts abut immune system
C. advise peple t d mre exerciseD. describe the imprtance f health
8
29. Which f the fllwing can peple d t prevent themselves frm the flu accrding t the table?
① Wash their hands ften. ② Play sprts ften. ③ Eat healthy fd.
④ Drink enugh water. ⑤ Take sme medicine.
A. ①②④B. ②③④C. ①③⑤D. ②④⑤
30. Which f the fllwing peple may NOT be in the AT RISK grup?
A. Tim — he is ging t be 65 years ld.
B. Mary — she is a dctr in her hmetwn.
C. Tim — he culdn’t hear at the age f five.
D. Jack — his parents celebrated his secnd birthday yesterday.
31. Hw many kinds f symptms f the flu are mentined (提及) in the table?
A. Five.B. Six.C. Seven.D. Eight.
32. What can we knw frm the table?
A. Where peple shuld stay when they have the flu.
B. Hw ften a persn can get a flu vaccinatin.
C. Hw many hurs’ sleep is gd fr peple.
D. What kind f medicine peple can take when they have the flu.
33. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T make us prepare sme medicine at hme.
B. T tell us smething abut the flu vaccinatin.
C. T make us fllw sme rules in the hspital.
D. T make us knw abut the flu well.
9
It is a cld and dry winter mrning. When yu wake up, yu feel that yur thrat hurts. Yu begin t sneeze and later yu may cugh. Yu must have a cld. Wait a mment. Culd it just be a cmmn cld r the flu that’s been ging arund?
A cld gives yu a runny nse and a cugh. But it’s usually easy t deal with. Sme peple take medicine while thers have herbal tea r chicken sup. Yu feel better after a week.
On the ther hand, the flu can be much mre dangerus. It usually gives yu a fever. Smetimes it can cause death. Accrding t an American magazine, the wrst flu killed abut 50 millin peple frm 1918 t 1919.
Dn’t wrry. If yu get a flu vaccine (疫苗), it can prtect yu frm getting the virus (病毒). Flu vaccines wrk by giving the bdy a small number f flu. This causes yur bdy t develp antibdies (抗体). S next time yu get viruses, the flu, the antibdies will help yu.
The flu virus changes every few years. Therefre, there are s many types f flu, such as HINI and H5NI. The antibdies fr ne type f flu can’t help us against all types f flu. That’s why we need t get the vaccine every year.
Hwever, healthy habits may als help stp yu frm develping a cld r flu. Washing yur hands ften helps stp yu frm getting viruses. It is als imprtant t get regular exercise and eat healthy fd. All these can help yu strengthen yur immune system (免疫系统).
34. In which sectin frm a magazine can we read the passage?
A. Family Friend.B. Interest Hbbies.C. Health Illness.D. Energy Envirnment.
35. Accrding t the passage, which is TRUE f the flu?
A. It is easy t deal with.B. It desn’t give yu a fever.
C. It first happened in 1919.D. It can kill peple smetimes.
36. If yu get a flu vaccine, ________.
A. yur bdy will develp antibdies
B. yu will get a large number f flu viruses
C. it can’t prtect yu frm getting the flu virus
D. it wn’t cause yur bdy t develp antibdies
37. We need t get a flu vaccine every year because ________.
A. the flu is very dangerus
B. we prbably have a cld in winter
C. the flu virus changes every few years
D. yu dn’t need t take any medicine after that
38. What des the underlined wrd “strengthen” prbably mean in Chinese?
A. becme strngerB. get smallerC. stp being illD. start t build
二、完形填空
1
Ebla is a river in Africa. In 1976, a dangerus virus (病毒) was 39 there. The virus can cause peple t get very sick and even 40 . S peple call the virus Ebla.
Years ag, Ebla caused the wrst prblem in western Africa, and it 41 very quickly. Medical experts all ver the wrld did their best t stp Ebla and treat the peple wh were 42 .
Ebla ften starts with fever and headache, kind f like the flu. But it can get wrse and cause serius bleeding and breathing prblems. It’s very imprtant 43 infected (被感染的) peple t get treatment right away. Peple wh have Ebla need t be cared fr in a special way 44 the illness desn’t spread t dctrs, nurses r thers in their families.
Dctrs aren’t sure hw the 45 persn gt Ebla, but they think peple picked up the virus frm infected animals. Peple can get the virus 46 tuching an infected persn’s drps f bld. But Ebla desn’t spread thrugh fd r water like sme viruses 47 . It als desn’t travel thrugh the air like cld r flu viruses d. In areas where the Ebla virus is, anyne 48 desn’t feel well shuld get medical help immediately.
39. A. inventB. inventedC. findD. fund
40. A. dieB. deathC. dyingD. dead
41. A. spreadsB. spreadC. is spreadingD. has spread
42. A. badB. sickC. healthyD. well
43. A. fB. frC. tD. with
44. A. such thatB. s as tC. in rder tD. s that
45. A. neB. nceC. firstD. last
46. A. withB. tC. inD. by
47. A. didB. desC. dD. dne
48. A. whichB. whC. whmD. whse
2
It’s getting clder utside, and yu knw what that means—it’s time fr flu seasn. Why d peple get mre clds, flu and nw COVID-19 when it’s very cld utside?
In a new study, scientists have fund the answer. It 49 that the cld air itself damages (破坏) the immune respnse (免疫反应) in ur nses.
The nse is an imprtant part f ur bdy’s immune system. When a virus ges int the nse, the nse finds it, and the cells (细胞) there begin t 50 billins f simple cpies f themselves called extracellular vesicles (EVs).
“EVs can’t divide like cells can, but they are like little mini versins f cells 51 can kill the viruses,” Benjamin Bleier, the authr f the study frm Harvard Medical Schl, tld CBS News. “They are like little arms that grab n t the viruses as yu breathe them in.” Then, the viruses sticking t EVs will gt ut frm ur bdy in the 52 f snt (鼻涕).
Hwever, when cld weather hits, the nse’s “superpwer” becmes 53 pwerful. The study fund that when the temperature inside the nse drps by 5°C, nearly 50 percent f the billins f EVs will be taken ut f the 54 . “Cld air makes peple catch viruses mre easily because yu have lst half f yur immunity”, said Bleier.
This is 55 we shuld wear masks in winter. “Wearing masks can nt nly 56 us frm viruses, but it’s als like wearing a sweater n ur nse.” Bleier said. The warmer yu keep yur nse, the better it wrks t fight against viruses.
In the future, Bleier expects t see the 57 f medicine that build upn this new finding. Scientists may find a way t “fl the nse int 58 it has just seen a virus”, Bleier said.
49. A. cuts utB. breaks utC. turns utD. puts ut
50. A. createB. changeC. cleanD. cntrl
51. A. whB. thatC. whatD. where
52. A. shapeB. wayC. centreD. frm
53. A. mreB. lessC. veryD. much
54. A. bdyB. illnessC. trubleD. fight
55. A. whyB. whenC. whereD. what
56. A. saveB. keepC. prtectD. help
57. A. imprtanceB. intrductinC. raisingD. develpment
58. A. hpingB. thinkingC. findingD. knwing
三、书面表达
59. 今年秋季，流感病毒 (influenza virus) 在校园内蔓延，如何认识症状？如何正确地应对以便早日康复？如何在日常生活中预防传染？请你根据提示内容写一篇英语文章，介绍流感的病症和应对措施 (2-3条)。
参考词汇：get vaccinated接种疫苗
注意：1. 短文必须包括所需要点—并适当发挥；
2. 文中不得出现真实的人名和校名；
3. 词数：80左右，短文首句仅供参考，不计入总词数。
Recently, influenza virus has spread arund ur schl. Many students have the flu and even have t rest at hme.
If yu are infected (感染) by it, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Imprve n
Sleep
Gd health needs gd sleep. G t bed befre yu’re tired. Dn’t eat r read in bed. G t bed at the same time befre midnight and get up at the same time. Yur bdy likes rutine(常规) fr a gd night’s sleep.
Stay Free
f Flu
Studies shw that a cld r flu virus(病毒) can live n ur hands fr lng. S wash all parts f yur hands ften with sap and water. Fr mre ways t prevent the spread f flu, please call Health Line at 1800-848-1313.
Oral Health(口腔健康)
Visit the dentist at least nce a year. The muth is a mirrr f disease. The ral examinatin is nt nly fr the health f teeth, but the whle bdy. Fr mre f it, please visit
Fit fr Life
Studies have shwn that many diseases have smething t d with less r n physical activity. Try t d it fr 30 minutes a day, 5 days r mre a week. Fr mre infrmatin, please call Health Line at 1800-438-2000.
Hw is the virus spread?Thrugh cughs r sneezes (喷嚏).
The viruses g int the air. If smene nearby breathes them in, they culd get sick.
Hw t recver?Mst peple dn’t need t take medicine. The symptms can g away after 3 t 7 days. But if the fever desn’t g dwn after three days, g t see a dctr.
Hw can I prevent (防止) myself frm having the flu?
◆ Wash yur hands ften.
◆ Get enugh sleep, d mre exercise, and drink lts f water.
◆Get a flu vaccinatin (接种疫苗) every year if yu, r smene yu live with, is ne f the fllwing AT RISK grups:
※ children aged 6 t 35 mnths.
※ peple wh wrk at hspitals.
※ peple wh are ver 60 years ld.
Hw can I tell if I have the flu?
Yu may have the flu if yu have the fllwing symptms (症状):
◆Feeling cld
◆ Feeling very tired
◆Having a headache
◆Cughing
◆ Having a sre thrat
◆ Having a runny nse
What shuld I d if I have the flu?
◆Take sme medicine.
◆ Drink lts f water.
症状
咽痛；
发热；
咳嗽；
呼吸困难；
应对措施
及时就医，多喝热水；
早睡早起，保证睡眠；
佩戴口罩，抵御病毒；
合理饮食，适度运动；
积极接种疫苗；
...
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
13.病毒的危害及其预防
一、阅读理解
1
Stmach flu is ne f the mst unpleasant f a cmmn illness. It spreads easily. That’s especially true if smene in yur family has it. A virus can cause stmach flu, but nt the same ne that causes cmmn flu. There’s n medicine t make it g away at nce. But there are sme things yu can d t stp catching it.
Yu can stp stmach flu by washing yur hands ften. Use ht water and sap t wash yur hands. Using sap is better than using nthing, but it desn’t wrk very well against stmach flu. That’s because sap can’t kill virus cmpletely.
The virus that causes stmach flu is hard t kill. Nrmal cleaners(清洁剂) wn’t always get rid f it. S mix bleach (漂白剂) with water, and use that t clean yur huse. If smene in yur family is sick, remember t clean things that persn has tuched.
Dishwashers are better at killing viruses than washing the dishes by hand. That’s because they keep the dishes htter r lnger. Many viruses can live in yur washing machine. S wash clthes with ht water and use bleach, if pssible. Yu may even run the washing machine with n clthes, just ht water and bleach. This will kill any virus in it.
If yu d get the stmach flu, drink as much water as pssible. If yu’re feeling better, dn’t return t wrk r schl right away. Yu can still spread the disease fr a few days after yu feel better. If yu have a fever, wait at least 24 hurs after it ends befre ging ut. This will help stp ther peple frm getting sick.
Stmach flu is awful, but by fllwing these tips abve, yu can keep away frm it.
1. Frm paragraph 1, we knw that ________.
A. stmach flu is a pleasant cmmn flu.
B. medicine can make stmach flu g away at nce.
C. if smene arund yu catches stmach flu, yu may catch it, t.
D. the same virus can cause stmach flu and cmmn flu.
2. What des the underline phrase “get rid f” prbably mean in paragraph 3?
A. 逃离B. 除去C. 避免D. 变糟
3. Which f the fllwing is the best t kill viruses?
A. Washing yur hands with water and sap.
B. Mixing bleach with water t clean yur huse.
C. Washing the dishes and clthes with bleach by hand.
D. Running the washing machine withut clthes, just with ht water and bleach.
4. What shuld we d after a fever ends?
A. Take as little medicine as pssible.B. Return t wrk r schl at nce.
C. Wait at least 24 hurs befre ging ut.D. G t see the dctr again.
5. Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the passage?
A. B. C. D.
2
It is a cld and dry winter mrning. When yu wake up, yu feel that yur thrat(喉咙) hurts. Yu begin t cugh (咳嗽) . Yu have a cld! Culd it just be a cmmn cld r the flu(流感) that’s been ging arund? A cld gives yu a runny nse and a cugh. But it’s usually easy t deal with. Sme peple take medicine while thers drink warm water r chicken sup. Usually yu feel better after a week. On the ther hand, the flu can be much mre dangerus. Smetimes it can make peple die.
Accrding t an American magazine, the wrst flu killed abut 50,000,000 peple frm 1918 t 1919.
Dn’t wrry. If yu get a flu vaccine (疫苗), it can stp yu frm getting the virus. Flu vaccines wrk by giving the bdy sme flu viruses. This makes yur bdy prduce antibdies (产生抗体) . S next time yu get the flu, the antibdies can help yu The flu virus changes every few years. There are s many kinds f flu and the antibdies fr ne kind f flu can’t help us against all kinds f flu. That’s why we need t get the vaccine every year.
Gd healthy habits may als help keep yu away frm a cld r flu. Washing yur hands ften helps stp yu frm getting viruses. It is als imprtant t d sme exercise and eat healthy fd.
6. The underlined wrd “virus” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.
A. 癌症B. 病毒C. 手术
7. Usually yu’ll feel better after ________ if yu have a cmmn cld.
A. three daysB. seven daysC. tw weeks
8. Accrding t the passage, ________ is the crrect rder.
a.Yur bdy gets sme flu viruses.
b.Yur bdy can fight the virus next time yu catch the flu.
c.Yu get a flu vaccine.
d.Yur bdy prduces antibdies.
A. c-a-d-bB. c-d-a-bC. a-c-d-b
9. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. In rder t get away frm the flu, we shuld have healthy habits.
B. A cld is mre serius than the flu.
C. As lng as we get a flu vaccine, we will never get the flu.
10. Which is the main idea f the passage?
A. It’s mainly abut why peple shuld get the flu vaccine every year.
B. It’s mainly abut the differences between a cld and the flu.
C. It’s mainly abut what the flu is and hw t keep away frm it.
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11. If yu want t get a gd sleep, yu’d better ________.
A. g t bed after yu’re tiredB. g t sleep at midnight
C. fllw the bedtime rutineD. eat smething r read in bed
12. T prevent frm catching a cld r flu, it’s gd fr yu ________.
A. t wash yur face ftenB. t brush yur teeth daily
C. t get up early every mrningD. t wash all parts f yur hands ften
13. Accrding t the passage, many diseases have smething t d with ________.
A. ding little physical activityB. washing hands with cld water
C. sleeping t late smetimesD. having n ral examinatin
4
Crnavirus: what d we knw?
Read t find ut mre abut COVID-19 and the crnavirus family. We have lts f gd tips t help yu stay safe and healthy. Hw much d yu knw abut the nvel crnavirus(新型冠状病毒)? It is this virus that causes COVID-19, an acute respiratry infectius disease(急性呼吸道传染病). Crnaviruses are a large family f viruses. The wrd “crna” cmes frm Latin(拉丁文) and refers t crwns(王冠). When peple first saw a crnavirus under a micrscpe(显微镜), they fund that its spikes(刺突) lked like a crwn. That’s hw the viruses gt their name. Sme crnaviruses cause illness in humans; many thers are fund in animals, including camels, cats and bats. S far, we have fund seven kinds f crnavirus that can infect humans. Fur f them cause cmmn sicknesses, such as the flu(流感) and cmmn cld. But sme crnaviruses are mre serius. Examples include Middle East respiratry syndrme (MERS, 中东呼吸综合症) and severe acute respiratry syndrme (SARS，严重急性呼吸综合症). The nvel crnavirus, which was first fund in Wuhan, is the seventh ne.
We have the answers
Q: What is the nvel crnavirus?
A: The nvel crnavirus has nt been fund in humans befre. It was first fund in a seafd market in Wuhan. Researchers fund that it prbably came frm bats.
Q: Hw dangerus is it?
A: The nvel crnavirus can kill up t 2.1 percent f the peple it infects(感染). SARS and MERS have fatality rates(致死率) f abut 9.6 and 34.4 percent, respectively(分别的), accrding t WHO.
Q: Wh can catch this virus?
A: Elderly peple are at the highest risk(风险) f dying. Over 80 percent f deaths have been peple abve the age f 60 and ver 75 percent had chrnic diseases(慢性病). Children wh have the disease ften shw minr symptms(轻症).
Q: What are the symptms f the new disease?
A: Infected peple will have a fever, cugh and breathing difficulties. In mre severe cases, the virus can cause pneumnia(肺炎), kidney failure(肾衰竭)and death.
Q: Hw des this virus spread?
A: Crnaviruses can spread thrugh mucus drplets(粘液飞沫) (a cugh r sneeze); clse persnal cntact (tuching r shaking hands); tuching an bject with viral particles(微粒) (then tuching yur muth, nse r eyes befre washing yur hands); and rarely frm human drppings(排泄物).
Q: Hw lng is the incubatin(潜伏) perid?
A: Infected peple will shw symptms between 3 t 7 days, r 14 days at mst. But the incubatin perid can last fr as lng as 24 days.
Q: Are there any ways t prevent r treat COVID-19?
A: There is n cure(特效药) fr the virus yet. Antibitics(抗生素) are effective against bacteria, but nt viruses. Dctrs can nly try t treat the symptms and imprve the immune system(免疫系统) with medicine in rder t fight the virus.
Surce: China daily
14. The crnaviruses was named because f its ________.
A. clrB. shapeC. sizeD. symptms
15. What d we knw abut this virus?
A. Children wn’t catch this virus.
B. It is mre likely(可能性) fr elderly peple t catch the crna viruses.
C. the incubatin(潜伏) perid can last as lng as 7 days.
D. There have been sme cure(特效药) fr the virus.
16. What is the death fatality rates(致死率) f the crna virus?
A. 3.4B. 2.1C. 9.6D. 34.4
17. Which ne is nt a symptm f the new disease？
A. cughB. breathing difficultiesC. a feverD. a headache
18. The virus wn’t spread thrugh ________.
A. fd yu eat
B. mucus drplets(粘液飞沫)
C. persnal cntact
D. tuching an bject with viral particles (then tuching yur muth, nse r eyes befre washing yur hands)
5
Spring is an inviting seasn fr utdr activities. But be careful—the warm weather is als a htbed fr viruses (病毒) and disease.
This March, the influenza (流行性感冒) A (H7N9) virus hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It was reprted that by April 11 at least 35 peple had been infected (被感染的) with the H7N9 virus, and nine f them had died.
The influenza A (H7N9) virus is ne type f influenza A H7 viruses. Influenza A H7 viruses nrmally spread amng birds.
This is the first time human infectins with H7N9 viruses have been reprted in China. Earlier reprts were abut H5N1 and H1N1.
All the three viruses are influenza A viruses but they are nt the same. H7N9 and H5N1 are animal influenza viruses that culd infect peple. Hwever, H1N1 viruses can be divided int tw grups. One grup can nrmally infect peple and the ther nrmally infects animals. Als, H1N1 can spread frm human t human, but H7N9 prbably can’t, accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO).
Mst peple infected with H7N9 lked like they had the cmmn flu. Sme peple had bad pneumnia (肺炎). They suffered frm a fever, a cugh and shrtness f breath.
But dn’t be afraid-it is nt easy t be infected with the virus. One f the pssible reasns is clse cntact with sick pultry (家禽) waste. Peple may als be infected thrugh breath accrding t Natinal Health and Family Planning Cmmissin.
Here are sme tips frm the WHO that can prtect yu frm being infected.
●Wash yur hands with sap and running water befre yu eat, after yu use the tilet, and after tuching animals r animal waste.
●When cughing r sneezing cver yur muth and nse with a mask, tissue r a sleeve.
●Get a gd rest and d exercises, which will help make yur bdy strng enugh t stand up t the virus.
19. What’s the name f the influenza virus that hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang this March?
A. It is the H7N9 virus.B. It is the H5N1 virus.
C. It is the H1N1 virus.D. It is A H7 virus.
20. Hw many peple had died by April 11 accrding t the reprt?
A. Abut 35.B. Abut 9.C. Abut 44.D. Nbdy had died.
21. What’s the Chinese meaning fr “stand up t” in the last paragraph?
A. 起立B. 站着C. 抵抗D. 向上
6
If peple arund yu have had a fever recently, it may nt be COVID-19. It’s reprted that many places in China have entered int the peak (高峰) perid fr seasnal (季节性的) flu. Influenza A (甲流) is sweeping acrss the cuntry.
In the past three years, peple did things t prevent COVID-19 frm spreading, which als prevented the spreading f flu. Thus, peple’s immunity (免疫力) t the flu went dwn. Besides, the flu and COVID-19 are different viruses, s getting COVID-19 des nt prtect yu frm getting the flu, said Wu Zunyu frm the Chinese Center fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin.
22. Accrding t the passage, which ne is nt mentined (被提及) abut the Symptms f influenza A?
A. Having a cugh.B. Having a headache.
C. Having a fever abve 38℃.D. Having a tthache.
23. If the fever desn’t g dwn after three days, yu shuld ________.
A. stay at hmeB. g t see a dctr
C. take the medicine by yurselvesD. take a ht shwer
24. Frm the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________.
A. the flu and COVID-19 are different viruses
B. althugh influenza A is spreading arund China, we have ways t prevent it
C. he/she will g back t schl in 24 hurs if a student catches the flu
D. if yu have had a fever recently, it must be COVID-19
25. Yu may read the passage in a/an ________.
A. newspaperB. stryC. art magazineD. sprts magazine
7
Flu easily spreads frm ne persn t anther. This is especially true t peple wh are weak. If yu are weak, yu are mre likely t catch the flu easily. D yu knw hw yu can avid flu?
Keep in gd health
The best treatment (疗法) t illness is gd health. Yu can eat everything yu want but make sure that yur diet is healthy. The healthier yu are, the better it is fr yu t avid any type f illness arund. Mst dctrs suggest plenty f fresh fruit juice and water in rder that ne can avid the flu.
Stay away frm peple with flu
If a member f the family r a friend has the flu, stay away frm him/her until he/she is well. Flu is very cmmunicable and yu can catch it by ging with the persn with the flu. Wear a mask and avid using things that the persn with the flu is using.
Exercise
Exercising will make yu strnger, which means a strnger immune (免疫的) system t. Exercise ften s that yur bdy will keep healthy. It desn't matter what kind f exercise it is. What is imprtant is that yu are making yur bdy strnger t prevent illness frm attacking yu.
Be happy
Happy peple are healthy peple. Their life is stress free, s they are mre likely t be safe frm illness. If yu are unhappy, which affects yur immune system, yu will easily get sick.
Aviding the flu is easy. Just bst (增强) yur immune system and it will take care f the rest.
26. What’s the best treatment t illness?
A. Best medicine.B. Mre exercise.C. Gd health.D. Being happy.
27. What des the underlined wrd “cmmunicable” prbably mean in Chinese?
A. 顽固的B. 无效的C. 致命的D. 传染的
28. The passage is written t ________.
A. intrduce sme ways t avid fluB. share sme facts abut immune system
C. advise peple t d mre exerciseD. describe the imprtance f health
8
29. Which f the fllwing can peple d t prevent themselves frm the flu accrding t the table?
① Wash their hands ften. ② Play sprts ften. ③ Eat healthy fd.
④ Drink enugh water. ⑤ Take sme medicine.
A. ①②④B. ②③④C. ①③⑤D. ②④⑤
30. Which f the fllwing peple may NOT be in the AT RISK grup?
A. Tim — he is ging t be 65 years ld.
B. Mary — she is a dctr in her hmetwn.
C. Tim — he culdn’t hear at the age f five.
D. Jack — his parents celebrated his secnd birthday yesterday.
31. Hw many kinds f symptms f the flu are mentined (提及) in the table?
A. Five.B. Six.C. Seven.D. Eight.
32. What can we knw frm the table?
A. Where peple shuld stay when they have the flu.
B. Hw ften a persn can get a flu vaccinatin.
C. Hw many hurs’ sleep is gd fr peple.
D. What kind f medicine peple can take when they have the flu.
33. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T make us prepare sme medicine at hme.
B. T tell us smething abut the flu vaccinatin.
C. T make us fllw sme rules in the hspital.
D. T make us knw abut the flu well.
9
It is a cld and dry winter mrning. When yu wake up, yu feel that yur thrat hurts. Yu begin t sneeze and later yu may cugh. Yu must have a cld. Wait a mment. Culd it just be a cmmn cld r the flu that’s been ging arund?
A cld gives yu a runny nse and a cugh. But it’s usually easy t deal with. Sme peple take medicine while thers have herbal tea r chicken sup. Yu feel better after a week.
On the ther hand, the flu can be much mre dangerus. It usually gives yu a fever. Smetimes it can cause death. Accrding t an American magazine, the wrst flu killed abut 50 millin peple frm 1918 t 1919.
Dn’t wrry. If yu get a flu vaccine (疫苗), it can prtect yu frm getting the virus (病毒). Flu vaccines wrk by giving the bdy a small number f flu. This causes yur bdy t develp antibdies (抗体). S next time yu get viruses, the flu, the antibdies will help yu.
The flu virus changes every few years. Therefre, there are s many types f flu, such as HINI and H5NI. The antibdies fr ne type f flu can’t help us against all types f flu. That’s why we need t get the vaccine every year.
Hwever, healthy habits may als help stp yu frm develping a cld r flu. Washing yur hands ften helps stp yu frm getting viruses. It is als imprtant t get regular exercise and eat healthy fd. All these can help yu strengthen yur immune system (免疫系统).
34. In which sectin frm a magazine can we read the passage?
A. Family Friend.B. Interest Hbbies.C. Health Illness.D. Energy Envirnment.
35. Accrding t the passage, which is TRUE f the flu?
A. It is easy t deal with.B. It desn’t give yu a fever.
C. It first happened in 1919.D. It can kill peple smetimes.
36. If yu get a flu vaccine, ________.
A. yur bdy will develp antibdies
B. yu will get a large number f flu viruses
C. it can’t prtect yu frm getting the flu virus
D. it wn’t cause yur bdy t develp antibdies
37. We need t get a flu vaccine every year because ________.
A. the flu is very dangerus
B. we prbably have a cld in winter
C. the flu virus changes every few years
D. yu dn’t need t take any medicine after that
38. What des the underlined wrd “strengthen” prbably mean in Chinese?
A. becme strngerB. get smallerC. stp being illD. start t build
二、完形填空
1
Ebla is a river in Africa. In 1976, a dangerus virus (病毒) was 39 there. The virus can cause peple t get very sick and even 40 . S peple call the virus Ebla.
Years ag, Ebla caused the wrst prblem in western Africa, and it 41 very quickly. Medical experts all ver the wrld did their best t stp Ebla and treat the peple wh were 42 .
Ebla ften starts with fever and headache, kind f like the flu. But it can get wrse and cause serius bleeding and breathing prblems. It’s very imprtant 43 infected (被感染的) peple t get treatment right away. Peple wh have Ebla need t be cared fr in a special way 44 the illness desn’t spread t dctrs, nurses r thers in their families.
Dctrs aren’t sure hw the 45 persn gt Ebla, but they think peple picked up the virus frm infected animals. Peple can get the virus 46 tuching an infected persn’s drps f bld. But Ebla desn’t spread thrugh fd r water like sme viruses 47 . It als desn’t travel thrugh the air like cld r flu viruses d. In areas where the Ebla virus is, anyne 48 desn’t feel well shuld get medical help immediately.
39. A. inventB. inventedC. findD. fund
40. A. dieB. deathC. dyingD. dead
41. A. spreadsB. spreadC. is spreadingD. has spread
42. A. badB. sickC. healthyD. well
43. A. fB. frC. tD. with
44. A. such thatB. s as tC. in rder tD. s that
45. A. neB. nceC. firstD. last
46. A. withB. tC. inD. by
47. A. didB. desC. dD. dne
48. A. whichB. whC. whmD. whse
2
It’s getting clder utside, and yu knw what that means—it’s time fr flu seasn. Why d peple get mre clds, flu and nw COVID-19 when it’s very cld utside?
In a new study, scientists have fund the answer. It 49 that the cld air itself damages (破坏) the immune respnse (免疫反应) in ur nses.
The nse is an imprtant part f ur bdy’s immune system. When a virus ges int the nse, the nse finds it, and the cells (细胞) there begin t 50 billins f simple cpies f themselves called extracellular vesicles (EVs).
“EVs can’t divide like cells can, but they are like little mini versins f cells 51 can kill the viruses,” Benjamin Bleier, the authr f the study frm Harvard Medical Schl, tld CBS News. “They are like little arms that grab n t the viruses as yu breathe them in.” Then, the viruses sticking t EVs will gt ut frm ur bdy in the 52 f snt (鼻涕).
Hwever, when cld weather hits, the nse’s “superpwer” becmes 53 pwerful. The study fund that when the temperature inside the nse drps by 5°C, nearly 50 percent f the billins f EVs will be taken ut f the 54 . “Cld air makes peple catch viruses mre easily because yu have lst half f yur immunity”, said Bleier.
This is 55 we shuld wear masks in winter. “Wearing masks can nt nly 56 us frm viruses, but it’s als like wearing a sweater n ur nse.” Bleier said. The warmer yu keep yur nse, the better it wrks t fight against viruses.
In the future, Bleier expects t see the 57 f medicine that build upn this new finding. Scientists may find a way t “fl the nse int 58 it has just seen a virus”, Bleier said.
49. A. cuts utB. breaks utC. turns utD. puts ut
50. A. createB. changeC. cleanD. cntrl
51. A. whB. thatC. whatD. where
52. A. shapeB. wayC. centreD. frm
53. A. mreB. lessC. veryD. much
54. A. bdyB. illnessC. trubleD. fight
55. A. whyB. whenC. whereD. what
56. A. saveB. keepC. prtectD. help
57. A. imprtanceB. intrductinC. raisingD. develpment
58. A. hpingB. thinkingC. findingD. knwing
三、书面表达
59. 今年秋季，流感病毒 (influenza virus) 在校园内蔓延，如何认识症状？如何正确地应对以便早日康复？如何在日常生活中预防传染？请你根据提示内容写一篇英语文章，介绍流感的病症和应对措施 (2-3条)。
参考词汇：get vaccinated接种疫苗
注意：1. 短文必须包括所需要点—并适当发挥；
2. 文中不得出现真实的人名和校名；
3. 词数：80左右，短文首句仅供参考，不计入总词数。
Recently, influenza virus has spread arund ur schl. Many students have the flu and even have t rest at hme.
If yu are infected (感染) by it, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Imprve n
Sleep
Gd health needs gd sleep. G t bed befre yu’re tired. Dn’t eat r read in bed. G t bed at the same time befre midnight and get up at the same time. Yur bdy likes rutine(常规) fr a gd night’s sleep.
Stay Free
f Flu
Studies shw that a cld r flu virus(病毒) can live n ur hands fr lng. S wash all parts f yur hands ften with sap and water. Fr mre ways t prevent the spread f flu, please call Health Line at 1800-848-1313.
Oral Health(口腔健康)
Visit the dentist at least nce a year. The muth is a mirrr f disease. The ral examinatin is nt nly fr the health f teeth, but the whle bdy. Fr mre f it, please visit
Fit fr Life
Studies have shwn that many diseases have smething t d with less r n physical activity. Try t d it fr 30 minutes a day, 5 days r mre a week. Fr mre infrmatin, please call Health Line at 1800-438-2000.
Hw is the virus spread?Thrugh cughs r sneezes (喷嚏).
The viruses g int the air. If smene nearby breathes them in, they culd get sick.
Hw t recver?Mst peple dn’t need t take medicine. The symptms can g away after 3 t 7 days. But if the fever desn’t g dwn after three days, g t see a dctr.
Hw can I prevent (防止) myself frm having the flu?
◆ Wash yur hands ften.
◆ Get enugh sleep, d mre exercise, and drink lts f water.
◆Get a flu vaccinatin (接种疫苗) every year if yu, r smene yu live with, is ne f the fllwing AT RISK grups:
※ children aged 6 t 35 mnths.
※ peple wh wrk at hspitals.
※ peple wh are ver 60 years ld.
Hw can I tell if I have the flu?
Yu may have the flu if yu have the fllwing symptms (症状):
◆Feeling cld
◆ Feeling very tired
◆Having a headache
◆Cughing
◆ Having a sre thrat
◆ Having a runny nse
What shuld I d if I have the flu?
◆Take sme medicine.
◆ Drink lts f water.
症状
咽痛；
发热；
咳嗽；
呼吸困难；
应对措施
及时就医，多喝热水；
早睡早起，保证睡眠；
佩戴口罩，抵御病毒；
合理饮食，适度运动；
积极接种疫苗；
...
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