中考英语一轮复习 考点详解+真题练习专项突破37 完形填空之议论文(含解析)
展开议论文一般缺乏趣味性,所以在中考中出现的频率不是很高,但是也偶有出现,因此对于这类题材的文章的特点及解题的关键考生也应该有适当的了解。
二、解题方法:
1. 完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句,一般不设空,要特别注重对首、尾句的理解,因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题,对理解全文有较大帮助。
2. 第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容,弄不清头绪,这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理,应稳定情绪,再将短文读一两遍,直到明确大意为止。
3. 做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案,这样往往只见树木不见森林。由于缺乏全局观念,极易导致连续选错。
因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空,其空白处是位于一篇文章之中,因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
4. 每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主,所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的,其他三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配,即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定,还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
5. 动笔时先易后难,先完成容易、有把握的答案,这样可以增强自信心,然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的,可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示,大胆地作出猜测。
A
(2022·辽宁沈阳·中考真题)
阅读短文,掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A man walked in the desert(沙漠)fr tw days. He ___1___ a sand strm during the trip. After the sand strm, he lst the sense f ___2___. While he was unable t hld n, he suddenly fund a small ld huse. He pulled his ___3___ bdy int the huse. There was nly sme wd inside. He walked t the crner hpelessly, but suddenly ___4___ a water pump.
Excitedly, he went t draw water(抽水), ___5___ he culdn’t pump water n matter hw hard he tried. He sat n the grund ___6___. Just at that time, he saw a small bttle with a crk(瓶塞). There was a yellw ___7___ psted n the bttle, which read, “Yu must put the water int the pump befre yu can draw water! Dn’t ___8___, befre yu leave, refill it with water!” He pulled the crk and fund the bttle was really filled with water! He culd hardly believe his ___9___.
At this mment, he thught, “If I nly think abut myself, as lng as I drink the water in the bttle, I can be ___10___ t g ut f this desert! If I d as the nte tld t put the nly water int the pump and the water can’t cme back, I will be ___11___ t death. Will I take the risk r nt?”
Finally, he made a ___12___ t d what the nte tld him and began t draw water with his shaking hands. Sure enugh, the water really ___13___!
After he drank enugh water, he filled the bttle with water. He envelped(封住)it with the crk and ___14___ his wrds after the nte, “Believe me, it’s really ___15___. Yu shuld learn t pay befre yu get it!”
1.A.metB.missedC.avidedD.expected
2.A.tuchB.tasteC.humurD.directin
3.A.lightB.tiredC.perfectD.strng
4.A.startedB.repairedC.cntrlledD.discvered
5.A.sB.rC.butD.and
6.A.sadlyB.happilyC.carefullyD.patiently
7.A.mapB.nteC.signD.mark
8.A.cryB.lieC.shutD.frget
9.A.luckB.successC.abilityD.truble
10.A.weakB.aliveC.awfulD.nervus
11.A.lnelyB.angryC.thirstyD.hungry
12.A.wishB.ruleC.messD.decisin
13.A.came utB.dried upC.cled dwnD.ran away
14.A.sentB.passedC.addedD.repeated
15.A.funnyB.usefulC.wrngD.strange
【答案】
1.A
2.D
3.B
4.D
5.C
6.A
7.B
8.D
9.A
10.B
11.C
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.B
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。通过讲述一个故事告诉我们“要得到一些东西,首先要学会付出”的道理。
【解析】
1.句意:他在旅途中遇到了沙尘暴。
met遇到;missed思念;avided避免;expected期待。根据“ sand strm during the trip.”可知,遇到了沙尘暴,故选A。
2.句意:沙尘暴过后,他失去了方向感。
tuch触摸;taste品味;humur幽默;directin方向。根据“After the sand strm, he lst the sense f...”和常识可知,沙尘暴使人失去了方向感,故选D。
3.句意:他把疲惫的身体拖进屋里。
light浅色的;tired累的;perfect完美的;strng强壮的。根据“ While he was unable t hld n”可知,他坚持不住了,所以很累,故选B。
4.句意:他绝望地走到拐角处,但突然发现了一个水泵。
started开始;repaired修理;cntrlled控制;discvered发现。根据“but water pump”可知,发现了一个水泵,故选D。
5.句意:他兴奋地去打水,但是不管怎么努力,他都打不出水来。
s因此;r或者;but但是;and和。前后两句构成转折关系,用but连接,故选C。
6.句意:他伤心地坐在地上。
sadly悲伤地;happily开心地;carefully仔细地;patiently耐心地。根据“he culdn’t pump water n matter hw hard he tried”可知,不管怎么努力,他都打不出水来,所以很伤心,故选A。
7.句意:瓶子上贴着一张黄色的纸条,上面写着:“抽水之前,必须先把水放进水泵里!”
map地图;nte短笺,便条;sign标志;mark记号。根据后文“ If I d as the nte tld”可知,是一张纸条,故选B。
8.句意:别忘了,在你离开之前,再加满水!
cry哭;lie躺;shut大叫;frget忘记。根据“Dn’t..., befre yu leave, refill it with water!”可知,提醒走之前不要忘了加满水,故选D。
9.句意:他简直不敢相信自己这么幸运。
luck运气;success成功;ability能力;truble麻烦。根据“He pulled the crk and fund the bttle was really filled with water!”可知,绝境中发现一瓶水,所以很幸运,故选A。
10.句意:如果我只考虑我自己,只要我喝了瓶子里的水,我就能活着走出这片沙漠!
weak虚弱的;alive活着的;awful糟糕的;nervus紧张的。根据“as lng as I drink the water in the bttle, I can g ut f this desert”可知,只要喝了水,就能活着走出沙漠,故选B。
11.句意:如果我照纸条上说的把唯一的水倒进水泵里,水却回不来了,我会渴死的。
lnely孤独的;angry生气的;thirsty渴的;hungry饥饿的。根据“If I d as the nte tld t put the nly water int the pump and the water can’t cme back, I will death.”可知,如果把水用了,但是又打不出水,就会渴死,故选C。
12.句意:最后,他决定照纸条上说的去做,开始用颤抖的手打水。
wish希望;rule规则;mess混乱;decisin决定。根据“Finally, he made d what the nte tld him and began t draw water with his shaking hands.”可知,他决定尝试打水,故选D。
13.句意:果然,水真的出来了!
came ut出来;dried up干涸;cled dwn冷却;ran away逃离。根据“After he drank enugh water, he filled the bttle with water.”可知,水真的出来了,故选A。
14.句意:他用软木塞把它封起来,在纸条后面写上了自己的话:“相信我,这真的很有用。”
sent发送;passed通过;added添加;repeated重复。根据“ wrds after the nte”可知,又在纸条后加了话,故选C。
15.句意:他用软木塞把它封起来,在纸条后面写上了自己的话:“相信我,这真的很有用。”
funny滑稽的;useful有用的;wrng错误的;strange奇怪的。根据“Believe me, it’s really... Yu shuld learn t pay befre yu get it!”可知,纸条上的话是有用的,故选B。
B
(2022·辽宁营口·中考真题)
One day a little by asked his father, “What des the wrd ‘great’ mean? Wh are great peple and ____16____ d they becme great? “
The father asked his sn t bring tw plants and then tld him t plant ne f them ____17____ the huse and the ther utside the huse. The by did as his father said.
The father asked his sn, “Which ne f the tw plants d yu think will be ____18____ and bigger? “
The by replied, “The plant inside the huse will be safer, ____19____ it will grw bigger, while the plant utside the huse is nt safe at all. N ne will be there t ____20____ it.It may be eaten by animals.”
The father smiled and said, “Let’s wait ____21____.We will knw the answer.”
Then the by ____22____ fr study and after fur years he came back t his huse. He said t his father, “Lk, ____23____ happens t this plant inside the huse and it is safe.”
When the by went utside, he was very ____24____ t see a big tree. The by culdn’t believe his eyes. He culdn’t _____25_____ hw the plant utside was able t grw much bigger than the plant inside the huse.
“The plant utside the huse faced fur _____26_____ and many difficulties!” the father _____27_____ t his sn why the plant utside was bigger. “The plant inside was safe, it didn’t face weather changes, and it didn’t get prper _____28_____, s it didn’t becme big.”
Here is the _____29_____ t the questin abut being great: _____30_____ a great persn, ne must have failed many times, experienced many difficulties and vercme thse difficulties. After that, he is able t becme great.
16.A.hwB.whyC.whenD.where
17.A.besidesB.ppsiteC.behindD.inside
18.A.strngerB.saferC.nicerD.weaker
19.A.butB.rC.sD.because
20.A.lk afterB.cme acrssC.take awayD.cut dwn
21.A.seriuslyB.carefullyC.activelyD.patiently
22.A.waitedB.lkedC.leftD.asked
23.A.smethingB.nthingC.everythingD.anything
24.A.excitedB.satisfiedC.pleasedD.surprised
25.A.realiseB.understandC.cnsiderD.accept
26.A.seasnsB.chancesC.yearsD.chices
27.A.smiledB.aplgizedC.turnedD.explained
28.A.prtectinB.sunlightC.careD.water
29.A.resultB.answerC.wayD.reasn
30.A.T chseB.T saveC.T findD.T becme
【答案】
16.A
17.D
18.B
19.C
20.A
21.D
22.C
23.B
24.D
25.B
26.A
27.D
28.B
29.B
30.D
【导语】
本文主要讲述了父亲通过让孩子种植两株植物的故事告诉我们:一个人必须面对并克服很多困难,他才能变得伟大。
【解析】
16.句意:谁是伟大的人,他们是如何变得伟大的?
hw如何;why为什么:when什么时间;where哪里。根据下文“a great persn, ne must have failed many times, experienced many difficulties and vercme thse difficulties. After that, he is able t becme great.”可知此处说的是如何变得伟大。故选A。
17.句意:父亲让儿子带两株植物来,让他把一株种在屋子里,另一株种在屋外。
besides而且;ppsite对立面;behind在……后面;inside在……里面。根据“The plant inside the huse”可知,一棵在房子内。故选D。
18.句意:你认为这两株植物哪个会更安全、更大?
strnger更强壮的;safer更安全的;nicer更美好的;weaker更虚弱的。根据“The plant inside the huse will be safer”以及下文可知,是在比较两株植物哪个会更安全。故选B。
19.句意:房子里面的植物会更安全,所以它会长得更大,而房子外面的植物一点都不安全。
but但是:r或者;s因此;because因为。根据句意,上文是室内的植物更安全,下文是它会长得更大,可知上下文之间为因果关系,前因后果,故用s连接。故选C。
20.句意:没有人会在那里照顾它。
lk after照顾;cme acrss偶遇;take away拿走;cut dwn砍倒。根据下文“It may be eaten by animals.”和选项可知,没有人会照顾外面的那株植物。故选A。
21.句意:让我们耐心等待吧。
seriusly严重地;carefully仔细地;actively积极地;patiently有耐心地。根据下文“wait”和“We will knw the answer.”可知,答案将来才会知道,因此需要耐心等待。故选D。
22.句意:后来男孩去上学了,四年后他回到了自己的家。
waited等待:lked看;left离开;asked询问。根据下文“he came back t his huse.”可知,四年后回到了家,说明之前是离家求学去了。故选C。
23.句意:看,这株植物在屋里平安无事,它很安全。
smething某事;nthing没有什么;everything每件事;anything任何事。根据下文“it is safe.”可知,这棵植物很安全,安然无恙,没有发生什么。故选B。
24.句意:当男孩走出去时,他很惊讶地看到一棵大树。
excited激动的;satisfied满意的;pleased高兴的;surprised惊讶的。根据下文“The by culdn't believe his eyes.”可推测,他看到一棵大树时感到非常惊讶。故选D。
25.句意:他不明白外面的植物怎么能长得比屋子里的植物大得多。
realise意识到;understand理解;cnsider考虑;accept接受。根据“The by culdn't believe his eyes.”可知,男孩认为室内的植物会更大,结果却相反,因此他不理解。故选B。
26.句意:屋外的植物面临着四季和许多困难。
seasns季节;chances机会:years年;chices选择。根据下文“The plant inside was safe, it didn’t face weather changes, ”可知,是在和房子里的植物作对比,所以放在外的植物经历植物在室外会经历气候的变化,与这种变化相关的应是季节,故选A。
27.句意:父亲向儿子解释为什么外面的植物更大。
smiled微笑;aplgized道歉;turned转变;explained解释。根据上文“The plant utside the huse faced and many difficulties”可知是爸爸在给儿子做解释。故选D。
28.句意:里面的植物是安全的,它不会面临天气变化,也没有得到适当的阳光,所以它不会变大。
prtectin保护;sunlight阳光;care关心;water水。根据“The plant inside was safe, it didn’t face weather changes, and it didn’t get prper ”及常识可知,房子里的植物得不到充足的阳光,故选B。
29.句意:这是关于成为伟大的问题的答案。
result结果;answer答案;way方式;reasn原因。根据“ t the questin abut being great”可知,此处指问题的答案。故选B。
30.句意:要成为一个伟大的人,一定经历过许多次失败,经历过许多困难,并克服这些困难。
T chse选择;T save节省;T find发现;T becme成为。根据“Wh are great peple and d they becme great”和“After that, he is able t becme great.” 可知,此处表示要成为一个伟大的人。故选D。
C
(2022·北京房山·二模)
A Bttle f Milk
I recently heard a stry abut a very famus research scientist wh was interviewed by a newspaper reprter. He was asked why he was able t be s much mre ____31____ than the ther persn. He said that it all came frm an ___32____ with his mther when he was yung.
He tried t remve a bttle f milk frm the bridge when he lst his hld n the bttle, spilling the milk all ver the kitchen flr! Instead f ____33____ at him, his mther said, “Rbert, what a great and beautiful mess yu have made! I have never seen such a huge pl f milk. Well, the damage has already been dne. Wuld yu like t ____34____ with the milk fr a few minutes befre we clean it up?”
Indeed, Rbert played it. After a few minutes, his mther said, “Rbert, Whenever yu make a mess like this, yu have t clean it up. S we wuld use a spnge (海绵), a twel r a mp. Which d yu prefer?” He ____35____ the spnge and tgether they cleaned up the spilled milk. His mther then said, “Yu knw, what we have here is a difficult experiment in hw effectively t carry a big milk bttle with tw tiny hands. Nw, let’s ____36____ a way t carry it withut drpping it.” The little by learned that if he grasped the bttle at the tp neat the lip with bth hands, he culd carry it ____37____. The scientist then said that it was at that mment that he knew he didn’t need t be afraid t make ____38____ and he’d like t try a lt f things in different ways.
Wuldn’t it be great if all parents wuld fllw the example f Rbert’s mther?
31.A.handsmeB.activeC.creativeD.hnest
32.A.ideaB.experienceC.accidentD.event
33.A.lkingB.pintingC.callingD.shuting
34.A.playB.dealC.sitD.stand
35.A.checkedB.threwC.cleanedD.chse
36.A.discveredB.fllwedC.builtD.supply
37.A.easilyB.safelyC.heavilyD.strngly
38.A.inventinsB.prmiseC.mistakesD.decisin
【答案】31.C 32.B 33.D 34.A 35.D 36.A 37.B 38.C
【分析】本文讲述了一位著名的研究科学家讲述他有创造性的原因,主要是他小时候和母亲在一起的经历,在他犯错时,不是大喊,而是教导他找到解决问题的方法。他不需要害怕犯错误,他愿意用不同的方法尝试很多事情。
31.考查形容词及语境的理解。A. handsme 英俊的,B. active 积极的,C. creative创造性的,D. hnest诚实的。句意:他被问为什么他能比其他人更有创造性。根据后文的what a great and beautiful mess yu have made! I have never seen such a huge pl f milk.可知洒在地上的牛奶从来没有这样的,故表表示有创造性的,故选C。
32.考查名词及语境的理解。A. idea主意, B. experience 经验,C. accident 事故,D. event事件。句意:他说这都要源于他小时候和母亲在一起的经历。根据后文的Instead f 33 at him, his mther said,可知,此处指的是和母亲在一起的经历,故选B。
33.考查动词及语境的理解。A. lking 看,B. pinting指向,C. calling 打电话,D. shuting大喊。句意:他的母亲不是对着他大喊,而是说“罗伯特,你弄得多么漂亮的,很棒的一团糟!” 根据what a great and beautiful mess yu have made!可知,他母亲表扬他弄的团糟是漂亮的,因此不是在对着他大喊,shut at对……大喊,故选D。
34.考查动词及语境的理解。A. play 玩,B. deal 处理,C. sit坐,D. stand站。句意:你把它打扫干净之前,你可以玩那个牛奶几分钟吗?根据后文的Indeed, Rbert played it.可知此处表示玩它,play with玩……,故选A。
35.考查动词及语境的理解。A. checked 检查,B. threw扔,C. cleaned 打扫,D. chse选择。句意:他选择用海棉,他们一起把洒出的牛奶打扫干净。根据前文的S we wuld use a spnge (海绵), a twel r a mp. Which d yu prefer?可知, 此处表示从海棉,毛巾和拖把中选择,故选D。
36.考查动词及语境的理解。A. discvered发现,找到,B. fllwed跟着,C. built建造,D. supply供给。句意:现在,让我们找到一个方法,既能携带它又不掉下来。根据前文的what we have here is a difficult experiment in hw effectively t carry a big milk bttle with tw tiny hands.可知,要找到一个方法,解决用两只小手拿一大杯牛奶的方法,故选A。
37.考查副词及语境的理解。A. easily容易地,B. safely安全地,C. heavily沉重地,D. strngly强壮地。句意:那个小男孩明白了如果他双手握住瓶口,他能安全地拿着它。根据前文的let’s __ 36 a way t carry it withut drpping it可知,此处表示拿着它,不掉下来,应是安全地拿着它,故选B。
38.考查名词及语境的理解。A. inventins发明,B. prmise诺言,C. mistakes 错误,D. decisin决定。句意:这位科学家接着说,就是在那一刻,他知道他不需要害怕犯错误,他愿意用不同的方法尝试很多事情。根据be afraid t可知此处表示害怕的是犯错,make mistakes犯错。故选C。
【点睛】根据前后文的语境,认真辨析选项里的单词或短语的词义,结合词性,短语,句型,时态,语态和主谓一致,选出正确的选项。例如小题35,句意:他选择用海棉,他们一起把洒出的牛奶打扫干净。根据前文的S we wuld use a spnge (海绵), a twel r a mp. Which d yu prefer?可知, 此处表示从海棉,毛巾和拖把中选择,故选D。
D
(2022·天津滨海新·一模)
These days, sme middle schls in China are trying t d smething different.
The students chse classes accrding t their wn needs. Fr each subject, they can make a chice frm different levels (等级) f difficulty. S instead f staying in the ___39___ classrm, they g t different rms t have their lessns. And the teachers make special teaching plans fr ___40___.
There are different pinins ___41___ it.
Xia Rui, a 13-year-ld girl, said, “I really lve it. I think it’s nice that we can ___42___ classes by urselves. My English is pr. I used t be afraid t answer questins in class. I think that the gd students may ___43___ me when I make mistakes.
Nw I feel much mre relaxed.”
But her classmate Chen Gang didn’t agree. “I dn’t think it is s gd ___44___ it is difficult fr students t find where the classrms are, he said. “During the break, students can be seen here and there, running and shuting t find their ___45___.”
“I’m wrried that sme students may think they are in the lwer class ___46___ lse interest in the subject,” their math teacher, Mr Wang said. “I als ___47___ that sme parents may feel unhappy if their kids study a subject at an easy level.”
“In my eyes, it is gd fr bth students and teachers,” Mr Wang als said. “As teachers, we can make teaching plans mre ___48___ and the students will develp better.”
39.A.cleanB.sameC.brightD.empty
40.A.usB.himC.themD.yu
41.A.abutB.atC.frmD.with
42.A.playB.teachC.chseD.wrk
43.A.laugh atB.listen tC.lk afterD.wait fr
44.A.whetherB.becauseC.whenD.befre
45.A.parentsB.friendsC.bksD.classrms
46.A.andB.butC.tillD.r
47.A.hpeB.reprtC.cryD.wrry
48.A.slwlyB.easilyC.quietlyD.luckily
【答案】
39.B 40.C 41.A 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.D 46.A 47.D 48.B
【分析】本篇文章难度适中,主要讲述一些学校根据学生水平进行走班上课,不同的人对此有不同的观点和看法。
39.句意“所以,而不是在相同的教室,他们去不同的教室去上课”。本题考查形容词辨析。A.干净的;B.相同的;C.明亮的;D.空的。根据they g t different rms t have their lessns可知,他们去不同的班级上课,而不是在相同的班级。故选B。
40.句意“老师为他们制定特别的教学计划”。本题考查代词辨析。A.我们(人称代词宾格);B.他(人称代词宾格);C.他们(人称代词宾格);D.你,你们(人称代词宾格)。根据Fr each subject, they can make a chice frm different levels (等级) f difficulty以及句意可知,表示的是“学生”,故选C。
41.句意“关于这个有不同的看法”。本题考查介词辨析。A.关于;B.以……;C.来自;D.和。根据句意可知,表示“关于这个”。故选A。
42.句意“我认为我们可以自己选择班级,这样很好”。本题考查动词辨析。A.玩,打;B.教;C.选择;D.工作。根据The students chse classes accrding t their wn needs可知,表示学生可以自己选课,故选C。
43.句意“我认为当我犯错误时,好学生可能会嘲笑我”。本题考查动词短语辨析。A.嘲笑;B.听;C.照顾;D.等待。根据My English is pr. I used t be afraid t answer questins in class可知,我害怕在课堂上回答问题,因为我认为他们会嘲笑我,故选A。
44.句意“我不认为这是好的,因为这个对于学生来说找他们的班级在哪里很困难”。本题考查连词辨析。A.是否;B.因为;C.当……时候;D.在……之前。根据空前和空后可知,表示原因,故选B。
45.句意“在休息期间,会看到学生到处都是,跑并叫着寻找他们的教室”。本题考查名词辨析。A.父母;B.朋友;C.书;D.班级。根据“I dn’t think it is s gd ___46___ it is difficult fr students t find where the classrms are可知,表示“寻找他们的教室”,故选D。
46.句意“我担心一些学生可能认为他们在低等级的班并失去对学科的兴趣”。本题考查连词辨析。A.和;B.但是;C.直到;D.或者。根据句意可知,空前与空后表示顺承关系,表示“在低等级的班级会让学生对学科失去兴趣”,故选A。
47.句意“我也担心如果他们的孩子在一个简单的等级中学习一门学科,一些家长会感到不高兴”。本题考查动词辨析。A.希望;B.报道;C.哭;D.担心。根据“I’m wrried that sme students may think they are in the lwer class ___48___ lse interest in the subject,以及als可知,表示“也担心”,故选D。
48.句意“作为老师,我们可以更加容易地制定教学计划并且学生会发展地更好”。本题考查副词辨析。A.慢慢地;B.容易地;C.安静地;D.幸运地。根据“In my eyes, it is gd fr bth students and teachers,”可知,它对学生和老师都有好处,所以学生会很容易地制定教学计划。故选B。
【点睛】做完型填空时,首先要通读课文,明白主旨大意,然后再做题。做完型时要记住“瞻前顾后想结果”这一原则,根据上下文以及语境做题,切忌主观臆断。另外,平时还要多多积累词汇。完型填空常考名词、动词、形容词和副词等辨析。做词义辨析题时,首先要确认四个选项的含义,然后分析语境和逻辑关系,确定答案。
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