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2024届浙江省温州市普通高中高三第二次适应性考试英语试题（含解析）
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这是一份2024届浙江省温州市普通高中高三第二次适应性考试英语试题（含解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，书信写作，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解
Art Gallery f NSW(New Suth Wales) Exhibitin
Luise Burgeis: Has the Day Invaded the Night r Has the Night Invaded the Day?
25 Nvember 2023-28 April 2024
Day and night, lve and rage, calm and chas. Enter a wrld f emtinal extremes in this exhibitin f the art f Luise Burgeis, ne f the mst influential artists f the past century. Brn in Paris in 1911 and living and wrking in New Yrk until her death in 2010, Burgeis is well-knwn fr her fearless explratin f human relatinships acrss a seven-decade career.
Luise Burgeis: Has the Day Invaded the Night r Has the Night Invaded the Day? reveals the extrardinary reach and intensity f Burgeis’ art, frm unfrgettable sculptures f the 1940s t her tugh yet tender weaving wrks f the 1990s and 2000s. It als reveals the psychlgical tensins that pwered her search, thrugh a dramatic presentatin in tw cntrasting exhibitin spaces. Mving frm the well-lit rms f “Day” t the darkened area f “Night”, viewers will encunter mre than 120 wrks, including many never seen befre in Australia.
Tickets can be bked nline via the exhibitin r event page n ur website, r in persn at the welcme desk at the Art Gallery. Tickets cannt be exchanged, but if smething unexpected happens that prevents yu frm attending, yu can change the date f yur reservatin in yur cnfirmatin email.
1．What d we knw abut Luise Burgeis?
A．Her art is cnservative.B．She was an emtinal artist.
C．She was raised in Paris.D．Her art explres human relatinships.
2．What des the exhibitin feature?
A．Varius themes.B．Cntrasting layut.
C．Intensive clrs.D．Extrardinary paintings.
3．What can yu d if yu can’t attend the exhibitin?
A．Reschedule the date.B．Cancel the bking.
C．Claim the mney back.D．Exchange the event.
D I think the sky is falling? Srt f.
My husband and I were recently in Egypt, where the temperature was a bit warm fr my tiny princess self. S, we left Egypt. Back hme, my dearest friends struggled with health stuff, with family craziness...
The game f life is hard, and a lt f us are playing hurt.
I ache fr the wrld but naturally I’m mstly watching the Me Mvie, where balance and strength are beginning t fail. What can we d as the creaking elevatr f age slwly arrive? The main slutin is t get utside every day, ideally with friends. Old friends — even thughts f them — are my cmfrt.
Recently I was walking alng a beach with Neshama. We g back 50 years. She is 84, shrt and strng. Every s ften, she bent dwn smewhat tentatively (踌躇地) and picked up small items int a small clth bag.
“What are yu ding?”
“I’m picking up micr litter. I try t help where I can.”
I reminded her f an ld stry. A great warhrse cmes upn a tiny sparrw (麻雀) lying n its back with its feet in the air, eyes tightly shut with effrt. The hrse asks it what it’s ding.
“I’m trying t help hld back the darkness.”
The hrse laughs ludly, “That is s funny. What d yu weigh?”
And the sparrw replies, “One des what ne can.”
This is what lder age means. We d what we can.
We cntinued ur walk. Neshama bent tentatively t pick up bits f litter and started t slip, but I caught her and we laughed. We are s physically vulnerable in lder age, but friendship makes it all a rwing machine fr the sul. We can take it, as lng as we feel and give lve, and laugh gently at urselves as we fall apart. We knw by a certain age the great lie in ur life — if yu d r achieve this r that, yu will be happy and rich. N. Lve and service make us rich.
4．What des the authr say abut her present life?
A．She leads a balanced life.B．She enjys meeting ld friends.
C．She is really int mvies.D．She struggles with family crises.
5．Why did the authr mentin the sparrw?
A．T cnfirm Neshama’s fear.B．T ffer her cmfrt.
C．T change Neshama’s mind.D．T shw her apprval.
6．What des the underlined “it” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Physical weakness.B．The great lie.
C．The rwing machine.D．The brken sul.
7．What largely determines happiness in lder age accrding t the authr?
A．Achieving imprtant life gals.B．Enjying life as yu can.
C．Living a life f lve and service.D．Lving what is being dne.
Bnbs ften frm friendly relatinships with ther bnb s in separate scial grups — the first time this has been seen in nn-human primates (灵长类). This is in line with humans, but in cntrast t chimpanzees, anther primate, which frequently kill chimps in ther grups. The findings challenge the idea that humans evlved (进化) frm vilent apes, says Surbeck at Harvard University. “This ptential t frm cperative links between different grups is nt uniquely human and it might have ccurred earlier than we thught,” he says.
Many animals cperate, but they seem t d s nly with thse within their scial circle, r in-grup. Hstile (敌对的 ) interactins between grups are cmmn amng animals, including chimpanzees, s scientists have ften assumed that hstility twards ther scial grups in humans is natural, says Samuni, als at Harvard. Hwever, humans als ften cperate with peple in different scial circles, fr example, by trading r teaching.
Bnbs are ne f ur clsest living relatives. They are less studied than chimpanzees, but are knwn t be mre peaceful, says Surbeck. T learn mre abut interactins between grups, Surbeck and Samuni bserved 31 adult bnb s frm tw scial grups in Cng ver a tw-year perid. The pair dcumented 95 encunters between the grups, which represented abut 20% f their ttal bservatin time. Unlike chimpanzees bserved in previus studies, they shwed cperatin with ut-grup members. In fact,10% f all mutual grming (梳毛) and 6% f all fd sharing ccurred amng members f different scial grups.
While bnb s that grmed thers usually gt an immediate benefit, fd sharing rarely resulted in a gift in return. This suggests that their actins were “nt just mtivated by selfish interests r immediate rewards”, Surbeck and Samuni reprt.
Otten, a researcher frm the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea f human exceptinalism” with regard t ut-grup cperatin. Otten says the bnb s that were mst cperative within their grups were the same nes that cperated mre with ut-grup members. This agrees with findings frm humans. “Schlars used t believe that in-grup ‘lve’ ges tgether with ut-grup ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that ften in-grup cperatrs are als ut-grup cperatrs,” he says.
8．What is the fcus f the study n bnbs?
A．Their scial behavir.B．Their survival skills.
C．Their evlutinary prcess.D．Their intelligence level.
9．What can be learnt abut the bnbs?
A．They are humans’ clsest relatives.B．They can be taught t cperate.
C．They interact friendly beynd grups.D．They share fd fr immediate rewards.
10．Hw was the study cnducted?
A．By cmparing different primates.B．By bserving bnbs’ interactins.
C．By listing grup members’ mtivatins.D．By analysing statistics f previus studies.
11．Hw des Otten find the study?
A．Frward-lking.B．Grundbreaking.
C．Cntrversial.D．One-sided.
Studies have shwn the mere expsure effect, als referred t as the familiarity principle, inspires ur decisins. It is a helpful psychlgical mechanism that helps us sustain ur energy and fcus ur attentin n ther things. Getting used t new things takes effrt and it can be exhausting. S unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely t buy frm cmpanies we’ve gt used t. That is why cmpanies spend s much mney n advertising and marketing and why insurance cmpanies penly charge existing custmers mre than new nes.
It’s nt the case that we nly desire things we already knw. Sme studies suggest when invited t share ur preferences, we smetimes see less familiar ptins as mre desirable. But when acting n that preference, we fall back t what we knw. This might explain why smetimes the things we want and the things we d dn’t quite match up. We might even return t cmpanies that treated us prly in the past r stay in bad relatinships.
It’s easy t paint the familiarity principle as an enemy r smething t battle as if it is smething that hlds us back frm living ur dreams. But this attitude might be verwhelming because it tends t encurage us tward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic swing that we dn’t feel ready fr. Sme articles suggest the slutin t familiarity frustratin is cmplete expsure t nvelty. While this can appear effective in the shrt run, we may nly end up replacing ne prblem with anther. It als risks verwhelm and burnut.
S what if we can wrk with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is smething we can learn t play with and enjy. It is a setting fr creativity and a pathway t expansin. We can braden the zne f familiarity bit by bit. If we think f familiarity as smething that can expand, we can cnsider changing the cnditins in and arund ur lives t make mre space fr ur preferences t take rt and grw gently. Frm here, we will start t make decisins, drawing frm an ever-deepening pl f valuable ptins.
12．What allws insurance cmpanies t charge ld custmers mre?
A．The imprved service.B．The advertising cst.
C．The familiarity principle.D．The law f the market.
13．What can be learned frm paragraph 2?
A．Our preferences affect ur decisins.
B．Familiarity tends t generate disrespect.
C．The familiarity principle is a duble-edged swrd.
D．There can be a mismatch between desires and actins.
14．What is the authr’s attitude twards the slutin in sme articles?
A．Disapprving.B．Tlerant.C．Objective.D．Reserved.
15．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Step Out Of Yur Familiarity ZneB．Spare A Thught Fr Yur Preference
C．Gently Expand Yur Familiarity ZneD．Give Pririty T The Mere Expsure Effect
Hw t Plt a Shrt Stry
A great shrt stry drps the reader int its wrld swiftly and hlds their attentin all the way thrugh. 16 It can be as simple as knwing a few key mments yu want t wrk yur way tward. Yu’ll wind up with things yu never imagined at the start. Fllw these steps t plt yur next stry.
Brainstrm. Yu dn’t need t have multiple shrt stry ideas ready t g at a mment’s ntice. 17 When that idea cmes t yu, sit dwn and flesh it ut. Make nte f any characters, settings, r bits f dialgue that yu see.
18 The fundatins f yur main cnflict r theme ften frm a shrt stry’s rising actin. T create tensin and mvement, yu must knw exactly what yur character wants and what wuld prevent them frm getting it. Cnflicts can be internal r external, s imagine at what stage the reader will be meeting yur character.
Create a brief utline. Sketch ut (草拟) the flw f events yur shrt stry will cntain, including interactins between characters and key mments. Write dwn identifying characteristics. But when it cmes t drafting, pick yur mments f backstry carefully. 19
Pick a pint f view. Many shrt stries wrk well in first-persn because f their brevity (简洁). 20 If yur stry needs t be tld in secnd-persn r third-persn, that wrks, t. Regardless f which POV yu chse, it’s usually best t center that narrative arund ne main character t ensure a cnsistent read n the situatin at hand.
A．Select the right character.
B．Write ut the central cnflict.
C．All yu need is ne slid cncept.
D．But there’s n hard and fast rule saying yurs must.
E．Shrt stries allw the freedm t experiment because f their freestyle.
F．Pltting a shrt stry desn’t have t invlve a detailed list f plt pints.
G．T make the cut, a piece f infrmatin must cntribute t the stry’s central events.
二、完形填空
What I will be hsting, t be exact, is a series f meditatin retreats (冥想静修) t be held this spring. During each retreat, abut a hundred 21 will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices. Sme f them are 22 , but many have never been t India. My rle is t take care f these peple during their 23 here. Fr mst f the retreat, the participants will be in 24 . Fr sme f them, it will be the first time they’ve 25 silence as a devtinal practice, and it can be intense. Hwever, I will be the ne persn they are 26 t talk t if smething is ging wrng.
I can help them. I am s 27 t help. All the listening skills I learned as a (n) 28 bartender, all the antennas (直觉) I’ve ever develped thrughut my lifetime that have taught me hw t 29 what peple are feeling — they were all accumulated 30 I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve 31 . I am s cnsumed by 32 at their bravery. These peple have 33 their families and lives fr a few weeks t g int silent retreat with a crwd f perfect 34 in India. Nt everybdy des this in their 35 .
21．A．emplyeesB．retireesC．intervieweesD．devtees
22．A．passers-byB．ld-timesC．truble-makersD．peace-lvers
23．A．wrkB．stayC．turD．lecture
24．A．dubtB．memryC．silenceD．surprise
25．A．treatedB．interpretedC．describedD．experienced
26．A．cmmandedB．remindedC．frcedD．allwed
27．A．equippedB．mvedC．wantedD．mtivated
28．A．talkativeB．sympatheticC．aggressiveD．inncent
29．A．readB．recrdC．expressD．reveal
30．A．s thatB．nw thatC．in caseD．even if
31．A．put asideB．taken nC．turned dwnD．gt ver
32．A．guiltB．satisfactinC．wnderD．embarrassment
33．A．cntributed tB．relied nC．left behindD．prayed fr
34．A．strangersB．ppnentsC．friendsD．rmmates
35．A．jbB．adventureC．dreamD．lifetime
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nwadays, we are used t pening an app t skim public review s fr reference befre ging t a restaurant. If it has a scre f 4.8 r abve n a 5-pint scale, the restaurant 36 (guarantee) t be a gd chice; but if it is a 4 r even less, it almst always means the restaurant is s terrible that yu are likely t suffer.
In the past mnths, tpics such as “Restaurants with lw ratings may taste better” 37 (tp) the list f search terms. But 38 is essential fr everyne is the authenticity f the evaluatin. We need t analyze the reasns that lead t the present situatin 39 reflect n measures t imprve credibility and cnsumer experiences.
Fr ne thing, quite a few business runners rely s 40 (primary) n gd scres t attract cnsumers that they manipulate (操纵) ratings by buying psitive review s t increase traffic. Fr anther, sme cnsumers may g 41 their riginal intentin and give high scres because they receive free dishes r discunts when 42 (ask) t submit cmments.
43 (cncern) these phenmena, platfrms must develp richer ways fr quality players wh need mre 44 (expse) t display themselves and earn what they deserve. Meanwhile, the rating mechanism shuld include regular mnitring, strict examinatin and punitive (惩罚性的) measures t create a health y cmpetitive atmsphere. 45 , users will eventually abandn platfrms, leaving thse tricky players t their marketing game.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，暑期想在家乡(杭州)寻找外国友人结伴“城市漫步”。请通过社交媒体发布一篇帖子，内容包括：
1. 相关介绍；
2. 旅伴要求。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Jin Me fr a City Walk
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Tm culd cmmunicate well with ther peple thrugh the cmputer r even n the phne, but when it came t making public presentatins, he was hpeless. He was aware that peple at cnferences wuld cunt up the times he said such things as “what I really meant t say was” when he gt nervus.
Tm was an expert in Reality Rbtics Cmpany. His bss had asked him t d smething that he was abslutely scared abut. The next mnth he wuld be presenting n behalf f his cmpany, and there wuld be a lt f peple, and his bss, wh had never attended Tm’s presentatins, wanted t impress the audience with the innvative wrk that the cmpany was ding. Tm knew his bss’s respect fr him wuld plummet (坠落) if he said that he culd nt d it. S, he wrked like crazy n the task.
One day, he felt a great need t relax. He turned n the TV. He laughed, and smiled thrugh the first shw, making him feel a little better. But it was the secnd shw that really gt t him, where the ventrilquist (腹语术者) Arthur wrked with his dummy (假人) . This really prvided him with an inspiratin fr hw he was ging t make his much-feared presentatin a success.
The next day, he rganized a meeting f the peple that had the skills he needed, and, f curse, his bss. When he explained what he wanted t d, he culd sense that everyne was with him n this plan. But a lt f wrk had t be dne fr the bject f the plan t be cmpleted.
It was the day f the presentatin. Tm was smewhat nervus, but nwhere near t the extent that he usually was fr just such a situatin. And they had t get t their destinatin early, fr what needed t be dne had t be cmpleted befre the audience knew what was ging n.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: The much-anticipated presentatin started.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: Tm walked nt the stage, lking exactly the same as the presenter.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．A
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了即将在新南威尔士州艺术画廊举行的路易斯·布尔乔亚艺术展览的相关信息，包括展览的主题、展期、艺术家介绍、展览内容以及门票预订方式等。
1．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Brn in Paris in 1911 and living and wrking in New Yrk until her death in 2010, Burgeis is well-knwn fr her fearless explratin f human relatinships acrss a seven-decade career.( Burgeis 1911年出生于巴黎，在纽约生活和工作，直到2010年去世。在她70年的职业生涯中，她以对人际关系的大胆探索而闻名。)”和第二段“It als reveals the psychlgical tensins that pwered her search, thrugh a dramatic presentatin in tw cntrasting exhibitin spaces.(通过两个对比鲜明的展览空间的戏剧性展示，它也揭示了推动她探索的心理紧张。)”可推断，Burgeis的艺术展示了她对人际关系的探索。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It als reveals the psychlgical tensins that pwered her search, thrugh a dramatic presentatin in tw cntrasting exhibitin spaces. Mving frm the well-lit rms f “Day” t the darkened area f “Night”, viewers will encunter mre than 120 wrks, including many never seen befre in Australia.(通过两个对比鲜明的展览空间的戏剧性展示，它也揭示了推动她探索的心理紧张。从“白天”的明亮房间到“夜晚”的黑暗区域，观众将看到120多件作品，其中包括许多在澳大利亚从未见过的作品。)”可知，本次展览在布局上采用了对比的设计，即“白天”和“夜晚”两个不同主题的展区，形成了鲜明的对比。这种对比布局不仅有助于展示艺术家作品的多样性，还能够凸显出作品之间的张力和冲突，从而增强观众的观展体验。故选B。
3．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Tickets cannt be exchanged, but if smething unexpected happens that prevents yu frm attending, yu can change the date f yur reservatin in yur cnfirmatin email.(门票不能交换，但如果发生意外事件使您无法参加，您可以在确认邮件中更改预订日期。)”可知，如果订票后不能参加展览会，我们可以更改时间。故选A。
4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C
【导语】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要描述了作者和丈夫在埃及的经历、与老朋友在海滩上散步的情景，以及通过讲述马和麻雀的故事来表达自己对生活、友情、年龄和努力的看法，强调友情、爱和服务的力量超越物质追求。
4．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“What can we d as the creaking elevatr f age slwly arrive? The main slutin is t get utside every day, ideally with friends. Old friends — even thughts f them — are my cmfrt.(随着年龄的电梯慢慢到来，我们能做些什么呢？主要的解决办法是每天出去走走，最好是和朋友一起。老朋友——哪怕只是想起他们——都是我的安慰。)”可知，作者烦恼的时候就想和朋友一起。由此可知，作者喜欢和老朋友见面。故选B。
5．
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“And the sparrw replies, “One des what ne can.”(麻雀回答说：“做自己能做的事。”)”以及倒数第二段“This is what lder age means. We d what we can.(这就是老年的含义。我们做我们能做的。)”可推测出，作者提到麻雀的故事是为了表达作者对于麻雀行为的赞同，作者认为我们做自己能做的就可以了。故选D。
6．
词句猜测题。根据划线词上一句“We are s physically vulnerable in lder age, but friendship makes it all a rwing machine fr the sul. (上了年纪，我们的身体是如此脆弱，但友谊使它成为灵魂的划船机。)”可知，划线单词“it”所指的是上了年纪后，我们的身体会脆弱。故选A。
7．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We knw by a certain age the great lie in ur life — if yu d r achieve this r that, yu will be happy and rich. N. Lve and service make us rich.(到了一定的年龄，我们就会知道生活中最大的谎言——如果你做到了或实现了这个或那个，你就会快乐和富有。不。爱和服务使我们富有。)”可知，作者认为幸福不是通过实现重要的人生目标获得的，而是通过爱和服务的生活方式来获得的。故选C。
8．A 9．C 10．B 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对倭黑猩猩的社交行为的研究。
8．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“T learn mre abut interactins between grups, Surbeck and Samuni bserved 31 adult bnb s frm tw scial grups in Cng ver a tw-year perid. (为了更多地了解群体之间的互动，苏贝克和萨穆尼在两年的时间里观察了来自刚果两个社会群体的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，倭黑猩猩的研究重点是他们的社交行为。故选A。
9．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Unlike chimpanzees bserved in previus studies, they shwed cperatin with ut-grup members. In fact,10% f all mutual grming and 6% f all fd sharing ccurred amng members f different scial grups. (与之前的研究中观察到的黑猩猩不同，它们表现出与群体外成员的合作。事实上，10%的相互梳理和6%的食物分享发生在不同社会群体的成员之间。)”可知，倭黑猩猩在团体之外进行友好的互动。故选C。
10．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“T learn mre abut interactins between grups, Surbeck and Samuni bserved 31 adult bnb s frm tw scial grups in Cng ver a tw-year perid. (为了更多地了解群体之间的互动，苏贝克和萨穆尼在两年的时间里观察了来自刚果两个社会群体的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，这项研究是通过观察倭黑猩猩的互动进行。故选B。
11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Otten, a researcher frm the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea f human exceptinalism” with regard t ut-grup cperatin. Otten says the bnb s that were mst cperative within their grups were the same nes that cperated mre with ut-grup members. This agrees with findings frm humans. “Schlars used t believe that in-grup ‘lve’ ges tgether with ut-grup ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that ften in-grup cperatrs are als ut-grup cperatrs,” he says. (来自荷兰的研究人员Otten认为这项研究“令人兴奋”，特别是因为它在群体外合作方面“挑战了人类例外论的观点”。Otten说，在群体内最合作的倭黑猩猩与群体外成员合作得更多。这与人类的研究结果一致。他说:“学者们过去认为，群体内的‘爱’与群体外的‘恨’相伴而生，但最近的研究表明，群体内的合作者往往也是群体外的合作者。”)”可知，Otten认为这项研究是开创性的。故选B。
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。
12．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shwn the mere expsure effect, als referred t as the familiarity principle, inspires ur decisins. It is a helpful psychlgical mechanism that helps us sustain ur energy and fcus ur attentin n ther things. Getting used t new things takes effrt and it can be exhausting. S unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely t buy frm cmpanies we've gt used t. That is why cmpanies spend s much mney n advertising and marketing and why insurance cmpanies penly charge existing custmers mre than new nes.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选C。
13．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s nt the case that we nly desire things we already knw. Sme studies suggest when invited t share ur preferences, we smetimes see less familiar ptins as mre desirable. But when acting n that preference, we fall back t what we knw. This might explain why smetimes the things we want and the things we d dn’t quite match up. We might even return t cmpanies that treated us prly in the past r stay in bad relatinships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系。)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选D。
14．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While this can appear effective in the shrt run, we may nly end up replacing ne prblem with anther. It als risks verwhelm and burnut.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选A。
15．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shwn the mere expsure effect, als referred t as the familiarity principle, inspires ur decisins. It is a helpful psychlgical mechanism that helps us sustain ur energy and fcus ur attentin n ther things. Getting used t new things takes effrt and it can be exhausting.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。)”以及最后一段“We can braden the zne f familiarity bit by bit. If we think f familiarity as smething that can expand, we can cnsider changing the cnditins in and arund ur lives t make mre space fr ur preferences t take rt and grw gently. Frm here, we will start t make decisins, drawing frm an ever-deepening pl f valuable ptins.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们生活中的环境，为我们的喜好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将从越来越多的有价值的选择中做出决定。)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项C“Gently Expand Yur Familiarity Zne”最能概括文章的主题，即鼓励读者在保持熟悉感的同时，逐渐扩展自己的舒适区。故选C。
16．F 17．C 18．B 19．G 20．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了策划短篇故事情节的方法。
16．上文“A great shrt stry drps the reader int its wrld swiftly and hlds their attentin all the way thrugh.(一个好的短篇故事会让读者迅速进入它的世界，并始终吸引他们的注意力)”说明一个好的短篇故事需要快速吸引读者并保持其注意力，以及下文“It can be as simple as knwing a few key mments yu want t wrk yur way tward.(它可以很简单，只要知道你想要努力实现的几个关键时刻)”说明短篇故事的情节设计可以很简单，只需要知道几个关键点，F项“策划一个短篇故事不一定要列出详细的情节要点。”符合上下文逻辑，起到了承上启下的作用。故选F。
17．上文“Yu dn’t need t have multiple shrt stry ideas ready t g at a mment's ntice.(你不需要在一瞬间就准备好多个短篇故事的想法)”以及下文“When that idea cmes t yu, sit dwn and flesh it ut.(当你想到这个想法时，坐下来把它充实起来)”说明写短篇故事不需要随时准备好多个故事想法，只要有想法出现就可以坐下来充实它，C项“你所需要的只是一个坚实的概念。”与上下文语境相符，符合题意。故选C。
18．下文“The fundatins f yur main cnflict r theme ften frm a shrt stry’s rising actin.(你的主要冲突或主题的基础通常构成短篇故事的上升情节)”说明本段谈论的是短篇故事的主要冲突或主题，B项“写出中心冲突。”引出下文内容，适合作为段落标题句。故选B。
19．上文“But when it cmes t drafting, pick yur mments f backstry carefully.(但当涉及到起草时，请仔细选择你的背景故事)”说明在创作过程中要精心挑选背景故事的内容，G项“为了切入，一条信息必须对故事的核心事件有所贡献。”进一步说明了如何选择合适的信息和背景，确保它们能够推动情节发展。故选G。
20．上文“Many shrt stries wrk well in first-persn because f their brevity (简洁).(许多短篇故事以第一人称写得很好，因为它们的简洁)”说明很多短篇故事由于其简洁性，以第一人称叙述效果很好，以及下文“If yur stry needs t be tld in secnd-persn r third-persn, that wrks, t.(如果你的故事需要用第二人称或第三人称讲述，那也行)”说明如果故事需要以第二人称或第三人称讲述也是可行的，D项“但没有硬性规定你必须这样做。”说明尽管第一人称常用且有效，但并不是唯一的选择，呼应了下文内容。故选D。
21．D 22．B 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．A 30．A 31．B 32．C 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者即将主持的一系列冥想静修活动，并描述了参与者的特点、活动安排以及作者自己在其中的角色和感受。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每次静修期间，大约有一百名信徒将从世界各地来到这里，花一周到十天的时间来深化他们的冥想练习。A. emplyees雇员；B. retirees退休人员；C. interviewees被面试者；D. devtees献身者，信徒。根据空后的“will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices.”可知，空处指的是冥想静修的信徒，他们会来进行冥想练习。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们中一些是老面孔，但许多人从未去过印度。A. passers-by路人；B. ld-times旧时的、故人；C. truble-makers捣乱者；D. peace-lvers热爱和平的人。根据上下文句意可知，空处指的是这些信徒中有些是老面孔，但是大多数人都未去过印度。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的职责是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。A. wrk工作；B. stay逗留；C. tur观光；D. lecture演讲。根据上文“What I will be hsting, t be exact, is a series f meditatin retreats （冥想静修） t be held this spring. During each retreat, abut a hundred ____1____ will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices.”可知，作者是负责这次冥想静修的人，由此可知，作者应该是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在静修的大部分时间里，参与者将保持沉默。A. dubt怀疑；B. memry记忆；C. silence寂静；D. surprise惊讶、惊奇。根据下文“Fr sme f them, it will be the first time they’ve ____5____ silence as a devtinal practice, and it can be intense.”可知，在静修期间，参与者需要保持沉默。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们中的一些人来说，这将是他们第一次体验静默的禅修。A. treated对待；B. interpreted口译、翻译；C. described描述；D. experienced经历。根据空后的“as a devtinal practice”可知，他们需要经历静默的禅修。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果出了什么问题，我将是他们唯一可以倾诉的人。A. cmmanded命令；B. reminded提醒；C. frced强迫；D. allwed允许。根据上文“Fr mst f the retreat, the participants will be in ____4____.”可知，静修期间，参与者要保持沉默。由此可知，如果出了问题，他们只被允许和我诉说。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以帮助他们。我很有能力提供帮助。A. equipped装备；B. mved移动；C. wanted想要；D. mtivated激发。根据下文“All the listening skills I learned as a (n) ____8____ bartender, all the antennas （直觉） I’ve ever develped thrughut my lifetime that have taught me hw t ____9____ what peple are feeling — they were all accumulated ____10____ I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve ____11____.”可知，作者具备帮助他们的能力。故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个会产生共鸣的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. talkative健谈的；B. sympathetic有同情心的、共鸣的；C. aggressive攻击性的、有进取心的；D. inncent无辜的、清白的。根据空前“All the listening skills I learned”以及空后的“bartender”可知，作为一名调酒师需要了解顾客的感受，和顾客产生共鸣。故选B。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. read阅读、读懂；B. recrd记录；C. express表达；D. reveal揭示。根据空前的“all the antennas （直觉）”以及空后的“what peple are feeling”可知，空处指的是这些直觉能够让作者读懂人们的感受。故选A。
30．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. s that以至于、为了；B. nw that既然；C. in case以防；D. even if即使。根据空前“they were all accumulated”以及空后“I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve ____11____.”可知，空处考查目的状语从句的引导词。故选A。
31．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. put aside储存、保留；B. taken n承担、呈现；C. turned dwn调低、拒绝；D. gt ver克服。根据空前的“task”可知，这些积累是为了帮助这些人完成他们所承担的任务。故选B。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对他们的勇敢感到惊奇。A. guilt内疚、罪行；B. satisfactin满意；C. wnder奇迹、惊奇；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据空后的“at their bravery.”以及“These peple have ____13____ their families and lives fr a few weeks t g int silent retreat with a crwd f perfect ____14____ in India.”可知，作者被这些人的勇敢所折服。故选C。
33．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些人抛下了他们的家庭和生活，前往印度和一群完全陌生的人一起进行静默静修，为期几周。A. cntributed t做贡献、有助于；B. relied n依赖；C. left behind留下、抛下；D. prayed fr为……祈祷。根据上文内容可知，这些人是前来静修，也就是说他们抛下了自己的家庭和生活。故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些人抛下了他们的家庭和生活，前往印度和一群完全陌生的人一起进行静默静修，为期几周。A. strangers陌生人；B. ppnents对手、反对者；C. friends朋友；D. rmmates室友。根据上文内容可知，这些人来自世界各地，由此可知，他人对他们而言都是陌生人。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不是每个人在他们的一生中都会这样做。A. jb工作；B. adventure冒险；C. dream梦想；D. lifetime一生。根据上文可知，作者对这些人的勇气感到震惊，因为不是每个人在自己的一生中会这样做。故选D。
36．is guaranteed 37．have tpped/have been tpping 38．what 39．and 40．primarily 41．against 42．asked 43．Cnceming 44．expsure 45．Otherwise
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就消费者在选择餐厅时依赖评分作为参考这一现象展开分析，分析了导致评价不真实的原因，包括商家操纵评分和消费者因受到利益诱导而给出不真实评价的情况。
36．
考查时态和语态。句意：如果在5分制中得到4.8分或以上，那么这家餐厅肯定是一个不错的选择；但如果是4或更少，这几乎总是意味着这家餐厅太糟糕了，你可能会受到影响。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“the restaurant”，单数，和动词“guarantee”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is guaranteed。
37．
考查时态。句意：在过去的几个月里，诸如“评分低的餐厅可能味道更好”之类的话题已经成为搜索关键词的榜首。考查本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in the past mnths”可知，本句时态为现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语为“tpics”，复数，谓语动词用have。故填have tpped或have been tpping。
38．
考查主语从句。句意：但对每个人来说最重要的是评估的真实性。这里为主语从句的引导词，主语从句缺少主语，表示“物”，用连接词“what”。故填what。
39．
考查连词。句意：我们有必要分析导致现状的原因，并反思提高可信度和消费者体验的措施。空前“analyze the reasns that lead t the present situatin”和空后“reflect n measures t imprve credibility and cnsumer experiences”之间为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
40．
考查副词。句意：一方面，相当多的商家主要依靠高分来吸引消费者，他们通过购买正面评论来操纵评级来增加流量。此处修饰动词短语“rely n”，应用副词形式，作状语。故填primarily。
41．
考查介词。句意：另一方面，一些消费者可能会违背他们的初衷，给高分，因为当他们被要求提交评论时，他们会得到免费的菜肴或折扣。根据句意可知，此处使用固定短语g against，意为“违背……”。故填against。
42．
考查状语从句的省略。句意：另一方面，一些消费者可能会违背他们的初衷，给高分，因为当他们被要求提交评论时，他们会得到免费的菜肴或折扣。这里为状语从句的省略，状语从句的完整形式为“when they are asked t submit cmments”，动词“ask”和主语“they”之间为被动关系，可将they are省略。故填asked。
43．
考查介词。句意：考虑到这些现象，平台必须为那些需要更多曝光率来展示自己并获得应得回报的优质玩家开发更丰富的方式。分析句子成分以及句意可知，空处为介词，意为“考虑到……”，用cncerning；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Cncerning。
44．
考查名词。句意：考虑到这些现象，平台必须为那些需要更多曝光率来展示自己并获得应得回报的优质玩家开发更丰富的方式。此处作宾语，应用名词expsure，不可数。故填expsure。
45．
考查副词。句意：否则，用户最终会放弃平台，让那些狡猾的玩家去玩他们的营销游戏。根据句意可知，空处意为“否则、要不然”，担当状语，用副词therwise；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Otherwise。
46． Jin Me fr a City Walk
Hey, I’m Li Hua, and I have a great idea fr this summer! I’m planning a city walk in Hangzhu this summer and lking fr a freign friend t jin me! We’ll take a leisurely strll thrugh the city, admire the beautiful scenery, savr the lcal cuisine, and immerse urselves in the lcal culture. If yu’re a friendly and easyging adventurer, let’s embark n this exciting jurney tgether and create unfrgettable memries! Let’s have a great time! Cntact me nw!
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的帖文。要求通过社交媒体发布一篇帖子，在家乡(杭州)寻找外国友人结伴“城市漫步”。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
寻找：lk fr→ seek fr
品尝：savr → enjy/relish
令人兴奋的：exciting → thrilling
玩得开心：have a gd time→ enjy neself
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m planning a city walk in Hangzhu this summer and lking fr a freign friend t jin me!
拓展句：I, wh am lking fr a freign friend t jin me, am planning a city walk in Hangzhu this summer.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Hey, I’m Li Hua, and I have a great idea fr this summer!（运用了and连接的并列句）
【高分句型2】If yu’re a friendly and easyging adventurer, let’s embark n this exciting jurney tgether and create unfrgettable memries!（运用了if引导的状语从句）
47．
The much-anticipated presentatin started. The audience quieted, their curisity piqued by the unusual setup. A figure draped in shadws appeared, capturing everyne’s attentin. Tm, frm behind the scenes, cntrlled the rbt, delivering the presentatin thrugh it. The audience was spellbund, marveling at the technlgy that made it seem as if the rbt itself was talking with passin abut the cmpany’s latest innvatins in rbtics. At the end f the speech, the presenter said, “T cnclude tday’s presentatin, we’ll invite a mysterius guest here. Yu can never guess wh he is!”
Tm walked nt the stage, lking exactly the same as the presenter. The crwd erupted int applause, bth fr the technlgical prwess demnstrated and fr the clever way Tm had vercme his persnal challenge. He std beside the rbt, cnfidently cncluding the presentatin with a Q&A sessin. Tm’s bss watched frm the audience, a brad smile spreading acrss his face. The event was a majr success, nt nly fr the cmpany’s public image but als fr Tm, wh had fund a creative slutin t his greatest fear.
【导语】本篇书面表达是读后续写。本文以人物为线索展开。Tm是现实机器人公司的一名专家，他的老板要求他就公司的最新研发工作做一次公开介绍。但Tm非常不擅长公众演讲，一说话就紧张。某天，他在电视节目中看到了腹语术者用假人进行表演，获得了启发。于是，他开始和公司的同事们紧锣密鼓地准备起来。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段句首内容“万众期待的演讲开始了。”可知，第一段可以描写演讲的场景。
②由第二段句首内容“汤姆走上舞台，看上去和演讲人一模一样。”可知，第二段可以描写汤姆走上舞台后观众的反应和汤姆的感受。
2.续写线索：演讲开始—观众被迷住—邀请上舞台—掌声—结束—成功
3.词汇激活
行为类
①平静，安静：quiet/quiet dwn
②出现：appear/shw up
③引起某人的注意：capture ne’s attentin/catch ne’s attentin
情绪类
①惊叹于：marvel at/be amazed at
②自信地：cnfidently/with cnfidence
【点睛】【高分句型1】A figure draped in shadws appeared, capturing everyne’s attentin.( 运用了现在分词capturing作状语)
【高分句型2】He std beside the rbt, cnfidently cncluding the presentatin with a Q&A sessin.( 运用了现在分词cncluding作状语)
【高分句型3】The event was a majr success, nt nly fr the cmpany’s public image but als fr Tm, wh had fund a creative slutin t his greatest fear. (运用了wh引导的定语从句)
一、阅读理解
Art Gallery f NSW(New Suth Wales) Exhibitin
Luise Burgeis: Has the Day Invaded the Night r Has the Night Invaded the Day?
25 Nvember 2023-28 April 2024
Day and night, lve and rage, calm and chas. Enter a wrld f emtinal extremes in this exhibitin f the art f Luise Burgeis, ne f the mst influential artists f the past century. Brn in Paris in 1911 and living and wrking in New Yrk until her death in 2010, Burgeis is well-knwn fr her fearless explratin f human relatinships acrss a seven-decade career.
Luise Burgeis: Has the Day Invaded the Night r Has the Night Invaded the Day? reveals the extrardinary reach and intensity f Burgeis’ art, frm unfrgettable sculptures f the 1940s t her tugh yet tender weaving wrks f the 1990s and 2000s. It als reveals the psychlgical tensins that pwered her search, thrugh a dramatic presentatin in tw cntrasting exhibitin spaces. Mving frm the well-lit rms f “Day” t the darkened area f “Night”, viewers will encunter mre than 120 wrks, including many never seen befre in Australia.
Tickets can be bked nline via the exhibitin r event page n ur website, r in persn at the welcme desk at the Art Gallery. Tickets cannt be exchanged, but if smething unexpected happens that prevents yu frm attending, yu can change the date f yur reservatin in yur cnfirmatin email.
1．What d we knw abut Luise Burgeis?
A．Her art is cnservative.B．She was an emtinal artist.
C．She was raised in Paris.D．Her art explres human relatinships.
2．What des the exhibitin feature?
A．Varius themes.B．Cntrasting layut.
C．Intensive clrs.D．Extrardinary paintings.
3．What can yu d if yu can’t attend the exhibitin?
A．Reschedule the date.B．Cancel the bking.
C．Claim the mney back.D．Exchange the event.
D I think the sky is falling? Srt f.
My husband and I were recently in Egypt, where the temperature was a bit warm fr my tiny princess self. S, we left Egypt. Back hme, my dearest friends struggled with health stuff, with family craziness...
The game f life is hard, and a lt f us are playing hurt.
I ache fr the wrld but naturally I’m mstly watching the Me Mvie, where balance and strength are beginning t fail. What can we d as the creaking elevatr f age slwly arrive? The main slutin is t get utside every day, ideally with friends. Old friends — even thughts f them — are my cmfrt.
Recently I was walking alng a beach with Neshama. We g back 50 years. She is 84, shrt and strng. Every s ften, she bent dwn smewhat tentatively (踌躇地) and picked up small items int a small clth bag.
“What are yu ding?”
“I’m picking up micr litter. I try t help where I can.”
I reminded her f an ld stry. A great warhrse cmes upn a tiny sparrw (麻雀) lying n its back with its feet in the air, eyes tightly shut with effrt. The hrse asks it what it’s ding.
“I’m trying t help hld back the darkness.”
The hrse laughs ludly, “That is s funny. What d yu weigh?”
And the sparrw replies, “One des what ne can.”
This is what lder age means. We d what we can.
We cntinued ur walk. Neshama bent tentatively t pick up bits f litter and started t slip, but I caught her and we laughed. We are s physically vulnerable in lder age, but friendship makes it all a rwing machine fr the sul. We can take it, as lng as we feel and give lve, and laugh gently at urselves as we fall apart. We knw by a certain age the great lie in ur life — if yu d r achieve this r that, yu will be happy and rich. N. Lve and service make us rich.
4．What des the authr say abut her present life?
A．She leads a balanced life.B．She enjys meeting ld friends.
C．She is really int mvies.D．She struggles with family crises.
5．Why did the authr mentin the sparrw?
A．T cnfirm Neshama’s fear.B．T ffer her cmfrt.
C．T change Neshama’s mind.D．T shw her apprval.
6．What des the underlined “it” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Physical weakness.B．The great lie.
C．The rwing machine.D．The brken sul.
7．What largely determines happiness in lder age accrding t the authr?
A．Achieving imprtant life gals.B．Enjying life as yu can.
C．Living a life f lve and service.D．Lving what is being dne.
Bnbs ften frm friendly relatinships with ther bnb s in separate scial grups — the first time this has been seen in nn-human primates (灵长类). This is in line with humans, but in cntrast t chimpanzees, anther primate, which frequently kill chimps in ther grups. The findings challenge the idea that humans evlved (进化) frm vilent apes, says Surbeck at Harvard University. “This ptential t frm cperative links between different grups is nt uniquely human and it might have ccurred earlier than we thught,” he says.
Many animals cperate, but they seem t d s nly with thse within their scial circle, r in-grup. Hstile (敌对的 ) interactins between grups are cmmn amng animals, including chimpanzees, s scientists have ften assumed that hstility twards ther scial grups in humans is natural, says Samuni, als at Harvard. Hwever, humans als ften cperate with peple in different scial circles, fr example, by trading r teaching.
Bnbs are ne f ur clsest living relatives. They are less studied than chimpanzees, but are knwn t be mre peaceful, says Surbeck. T learn mre abut interactins between grups, Surbeck and Samuni bserved 31 adult bnb s frm tw scial grups in Cng ver a tw-year perid. The pair dcumented 95 encunters between the grups, which represented abut 20% f their ttal bservatin time. Unlike chimpanzees bserved in previus studies, they shwed cperatin with ut-grup members. In fact,10% f all mutual grming (梳毛) and 6% f all fd sharing ccurred amng members f different scial grups.
While bnb s that grmed thers usually gt an immediate benefit, fd sharing rarely resulted in a gift in return. This suggests that their actins were “nt just mtivated by selfish interests r immediate rewards”, Surbeck and Samuni reprt.
Otten, a researcher frm the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea f human exceptinalism” with regard t ut-grup cperatin. Otten says the bnb s that were mst cperative within their grups were the same nes that cperated mre with ut-grup members. This agrees with findings frm humans. “Schlars used t believe that in-grup ‘lve’ ges tgether with ut-grup ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that ften in-grup cperatrs are als ut-grup cperatrs,” he says.
8．What is the fcus f the study n bnbs?
A．Their scial behavir.B．Their survival skills.
C．Their evlutinary prcess.D．Their intelligence level.
9．What can be learnt abut the bnbs?
A．They are humans’ clsest relatives.B．They can be taught t cperate.
C．They interact friendly beynd grups.D．They share fd fr immediate rewards.
10．Hw was the study cnducted?
A．By cmparing different primates.B．By bserving bnbs’ interactins.
C．By listing grup members’ mtivatins.D．By analysing statistics f previus studies.
11．Hw des Otten find the study?
A．Frward-lking.B．Grundbreaking.
C．Cntrversial.D．One-sided.
Studies have shwn the mere expsure effect, als referred t as the familiarity principle, inspires ur decisins. It is a helpful psychlgical mechanism that helps us sustain ur energy and fcus ur attentin n ther things. Getting used t new things takes effrt and it can be exhausting. S unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely t buy frm cmpanies we’ve gt used t. That is why cmpanies spend s much mney n advertising and marketing and why insurance cmpanies penly charge existing custmers mre than new nes.
It’s nt the case that we nly desire things we already knw. Sme studies suggest when invited t share ur preferences, we smetimes see less familiar ptins as mre desirable. But when acting n that preference, we fall back t what we knw. This might explain why smetimes the things we want and the things we d dn’t quite match up. We might even return t cmpanies that treated us prly in the past r stay in bad relatinships.
It’s easy t paint the familiarity principle as an enemy r smething t battle as if it is smething that hlds us back frm living ur dreams. But this attitude might be verwhelming because it tends t encurage us tward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic swing that we dn’t feel ready fr. Sme articles suggest the slutin t familiarity frustratin is cmplete expsure t nvelty. While this can appear effective in the shrt run, we may nly end up replacing ne prblem with anther. It als risks verwhelm and burnut.
S what if we can wrk with the familiarity principle instead? Familiarity is smething we can learn t play with and enjy. It is a setting fr creativity and a pathway t expansin. We can braden the zne f familiarity bit by bit. If we think f familiarity as smething that can expand, we can cnsider changing the cnditins in and arund ur lives t make mre space fr ur preferences t take rt and grw gently. Frm here, we will start t make decisins, drawing frm an ever-deepening pl f valuable ptins.
12．What allws insurance cmpanies t charge ld custmers mre?
A．The imprved service.B．The advertising cst.
C．The familiarity principle.D．The law f the market.
13．What can be learned frm paragraph 2?
A．Our preferences affect ur decisins.
B．Familiarity tends t generate disrespect.
C．The familiarity principle is a duble-edged swrd.
D．There can be a mismatch between desires and actins.
14．What is the authr’s attitude twards the slutin in sme articles?
A．Disapprving.B．Tlerant.C．Objective.D．Reserved.
15．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Step Out Of Yur Familiarity ZneB．Spare A Thught Fr Yur Preference
C．Gently Expand Yur Familiarity ZneD．Give Pririty T The Mere Expsure Effect
Hw t Plt a Shrt Stry
A great shrt stry drps the reader int its wrld swiftly and hlds their attentin all the way thrugh. 16 It can be as simple as knwing a few key mments yu want t wrk yur way tward. Yu’ll wind up with things yu never imagined at the start. Fllw these steps t plt yur next stry.
Brainstrm. Yu dn’t need t have multiple shrt stry ideas ready t g at a mment’s ntice. 17 When that idea cmes t yu, sit dwn and flesh it ut. Make nte f any characters, settings, r bits f dialgue that yu see.
18 The fundatins f yur main cnflict r theme ften frm a shrt stry’s rising actin. T create tensin and mvement, yu must knw exactly what yur character wants and what wuld prevent them frm getting it. Cnflicts can be internal r external, s imagine at what stage the reader will be meeting yur character.
Create a brief utline. Sketch ut (草拟) the flw f events yur shrt stry will cntain, including interactins between characters and key mments. Write dwn identifying characteristics. But when it cmes t drafting, pick yur mments f backstry carefully. 19
Pick a pint f view. Many shrt stries wrk well in first-persn because f their brevity (简洁). 20 If yur stry needs t be tld in secnd-persn r third-persn, that wrks, t. Regardless f which POV yu chse, it’s usually best t center that narrative arund ne main character t ensure a cnsistent read n the situatin at hand.
A．Select the right character.
B．Write ut the central cnflict.
C．All yu need is ne slid cncept.
D．But there’s n hard and fast rule saying yurs must.
E．Shrt stries allw the freedm t experiment because f their freestyle.
F．Pltting a shrt stry desn’t have t invlve a detailed list f plt pints.
G．T make the cut, a piece f infrmatin must cntribute t the stry’s central events.
二、完形填空
What I will be hsting, t be exact, is a series f meditatin retreats (冥想静修) t be held this spring. During each retreat, abut a hundred 21 will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices. Sme f them are 22 , but many have never been t India. My rle is t take care f these peple during their 23 here. Fr mst f the retreat, the participants will be in 24 . Fr sme f them, it will be the first time they’ve 25 silence as a devtinal practice, and it can be intense. Hwever, I will be the ne persn they are 26 t talk t if smething is ging wrng.
I can help them. I am s 27 t help. All the listening skills I learned as a (n) 28 bartender, all the antennas (直觉) I’ve ever develped thrughut my lifetime that have taught me hw t 29 what peple are feeling — they were all accumulated 30 I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve 31 . I am s cnsumed by 32 at their bravery. These peple have 33 their families and lives fr a few weeks t g int silent retreat with a crwd f perfect 34 in India. Nt everybdy des this in their 35 .
21．A．emplyeesB．retireesC．intervieweesD．devtees
22．A．passers-byB．ld-timesC．truble-makersD．peace-lvers
23．A．wrkB．stayC．turD．lecture
24．A．dubtB．memryC．silenceD．surprise
25．A．treatedB．interpretedC．describedD．experienced
26．A．cmmandedB．remindedC．frcedD．allwed
27．A．equippedB．mvedC．wantedD．mtivated
28．A．talkativeB．sympatheticC．aggressiveD．inncent
29．A．readB．recrdC．expressD．reveal
30．A．s thatB．nw thatC．in caseD．even if
31．A．put asideB．taken nC．turned dwnD．gt ver
32．A．guiltB．satisfactinC．wnderD．embarrassment
33．A．cntributed tB．relied nC．left behindD．prayed fr
34．A．strangersB．ppnentsC．friendsD．rmmates
35．A．jbB．adventureC．dreamD．lifetime
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nwadays, we are used t pening an app t skim public review s fr reference befre ging t a restaurant. If it has a scre f 4.8 r abve n a 5-pint scale, the restaurant 36 (guarantee) t be a gd chice; but if it is a 4 r even less, it almst always means the restaurant is s terrible that yu are likely t suffer.
In the past mnths, tpics such as “Restaurants with lw ratings may taste better” 37 (tp) the list f search terms. But 38 is essential fr everyne is the authenticity f the evaluatin. We need t analyze the reasns that lead t the present situatin 39 reflect n measures t imprve credibility and cnsumer experiences.
Fr ne thing, quite a few business runners rely s 40 (primary) n gd scres t attract cnsumers that they manipulate (操纵) ratings by buying psitive review s t increase traffic. Fr anther, sme cnsumers may g 41 their riginal intentin and give high scres because they receive free dishes r discunts when 42 (ask) t submit cmments.
43 (cncern) these phenmena, platfrms must develp richer ways fr quality players wh need mre 44 (expse) t display themselves and earn what they deserve. Meanwhile, the rating mechanism shuld include regular mnitring, strict examinatin and punitive (惩罚性的) measures t create a health y cmpetitive atmsphere. 45 , users will eventually abandn platfrms, leaving thse tricky players t their marketing game.
四、书信写作
46．假定你是李华，暑期想在家乡(杭州)寻找外国友人结伴“城市漫步”。请通过社交媒体发布一篇帖子，内容包括：
1. 相关介绍；
2. 旅伴要求。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Jin Me fr a City Walk
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Tm culd cmmunicate well with ther peple thrugh the cmputer r even n the phne, but when it came t making public presentatins, he was hpeless. He was aware that peple at cnferences wuld cunt up the times he said such things as “what I really meant t say was” when he gt nervus.
Tm was an expert in Reality Rbtics Cmpany. His bss had asked him t d smething that he was abslutely scared abut. The next mnth he wuld be presenting n behalf f his cmpany, and there wuld be a lt f peple, and his bss, wh had never attended Tm’s presentatins, wanted t impress the audience with the innvative wrk that the cmpany was ding. Tm knew his bss’s respect fr him wuld plummet (坠落) if he said that he culd nt d it. S, he wrked like crazy n the task.
One day, he felt a great need t relax. He turned n the TV. He laughed, and smiled thrugh the first shw, making him feel a little better. But it was the secnd shw that really gt t him, where the ventrilquist (腹语术者) Arthur wrked with his dummy (假人) . This really prvided him with an inspiratin fr hw he was ging t make his much-feared presentatin a success.
The next day, he rganized a meeting f the peple that had the skills he needed, and, f curse, his bss. When he explained what he wanted t d, he culd sense that everyne was with him n this plan. But a lt f wrk had t be dne fr the bject f the plan t be cmpleted.
It was the day f the presentatin. Tm was smewhat nervus, but nwhere near t the extent that he usually was fr just such a situatin. And they had t get t their destinatin early, fr what needed t be dne had t be cmpleted befre the audience knew what was ging n.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: The much-anticipated presentatin started.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: Tm walked nt the stage, lking exactly the same as the presenter.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．A
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍了即将在新南威尔士州艺术画廊举行的路易斯·布尔乔亚艺术展览的相关信息，包括展览的主题、展期、艺术家介绍、展览内容以及门票预订方式等。
1．
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Brn in Paris in 1911 and living and wrking in New Yrk until her death in 2010, Burgeis is well-knwn fr her fearless explratin f human relatinships acrss a seven-decade career.( Burgeis 1911年出生于巴黎，在纽约生活和工作，直到2010年去世。在她70年的职业生涯中，她以对人际关系的大胆探索而闻名。)”和第二段“It als reveals the psychlgical tensins that pwered her search, thrugh a dramatic presentatin in tw cntrasting exhibitin spaces.(通过两个对比鲜明的展览空间的戏剧性展示，它也揭示了推动她探索的心理紧张。)”可推断，Burgeis的艺术展示了她对人际关系的探索。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It als reveals the psychlgical tensins that pwered her search, thrugh a dramatic presentatin in tw cntrasting exhibitin spaces. Mving frm the well-lit rms f “Day” t the darkened area f “Night”, viewers will encunter mre than 120 wrks, including many never seen befre in Australia.(通过两个对比鲜明的展览空间的戏剧性展示，它也揭示了推动她探索的心理紧张。从“白天”的明亮房间到“夜晚”的黑暗区域，观众将看到120多件作品，其中包括许多在澳大利亚从未见过的作品。)”可知，本次展览在布局上采用了对比的设计，即“白天”和“夜晚”两个不同主题的展区，形成了鲜明的对比。这种对比布局不仅有助于展示艺术家作品的多样性，还能够凸显出作品之间的张力和冲突，从而增强观众的观展体验。故选B。
3．
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Tickets cannt be exchanged, but if smething unexpected happens that prevents yu frm attending, yu can change the date f yur reservatin in yur cnfirmatin email.(门票不能交换，但如果发生意外事件使您无法参加，您可以在确认邮件中更改预订日期。)”可知，如果订票后不能参加展览会，我们可以更改时间。故选A。
4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C
【导语】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要描述了作者和丈夫在埃及的经历、与老朋友在海滩上散步的情景，以及通过讲述马和麻雀的故事来表达自己对生活、友情、年龄和努力的看法，强调友情、爱和服务的力量超越物质追求。
4．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“What can we d as the creaking elevatr f age slwly arrive? The main slutin is t get utside every day, ideally with friends. Old friends — even thughts f them — are my cmfrt.(随着年龄的电梯慢慢到来，我们能做些什么呢？主要的解决办法是每天出去走走，最好是和朋友一起。老朋友——哪怕只是想起他们——都是我的安慰。)”可知，作者烦恼的时候就想和朋友一起。由此可知，作者喜欢和老朋友见面。故选B。
5．
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“And the sparrw replies, “One des what ne can.”(麻雀回答说：“做自己能做的事。”)”以及倒数第二段“This is what lder age means. We d what we can.(这就是老年的含义。我们做我们能做的。)”可推测出，作者提到麻雀的故事是为了表达作者对于麻雀行为的赞同，作者认为我们做自己能做的就可以了。故选D。
6．
词句猜测题。根据划线词上一句“We are s physically vulnerable in lder age, but friendship makes it all a rwing machine fr the sul. (上了年纪，我们的身体是如此脆弱，但友谊使它成为灵魂的划船机。)”可知，划线单词“it”所指的是上了年纪后，我们的身体会脆弱。故选A。
7．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“We knw by a certain age the great lie in ur life — if yu d r achieve this r that, yu will be happy and rich. N. Lve and service make us rich.(到了一定的年龄，我们就会知道生活中最大的谎言——如果你做到了或实现了这个或那个，你就会快乐和富有。不。爱和服务使我们富有。)”可知，作者认为幸福不是通过实现重要的人生目标获得的，而是通过爱和服务的生活方式来获得的。故选C。
8．A 9．C 10．B 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对倭黑猩猩的社交行为的研究。
8．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“T learn mre abut interactins between grups, Surbeck and Samuni bserved 31 adult bnb s frm tw scial grups in Cng ver a tw-year perid. (为了更多地了解群体之间的互动，苏贝克和萨穆尼在两年的时间里观察了来自刚果两个社会群体的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，倭黑猩猩的研究重点是他们的社交行为。故选A。
9．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Unlike chimpanzees bserved in previus studies, they shwed cperatin with ut-grup members. In fact,10% f all mutual grming and 6% f all fd sharing ccurred amng members f different scial grups. (与之前的研究中观察到的黑猩猩不同，它们表现出与群体外成员的合作。事实上，10%的相互梳理和6%的食物分享发生在不同社会群体的成员之间。)”可知，倭黑猩猩在团体之外进行友好的互动。故选C。
10．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“T learn mre abut interactins between grups, Surbeck and Samuni bserved 31 adult bnb s frm tw scial grups in Cng ver a tw-year perid. (为了更多地了解群体之间的互动，苏贝克和萨穆尼在两年的时间里观察了来自刚果两个社会群体的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，这项研究是通过观察倭黑猩猩的互动进行。故选B。
11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Otten, a researcher frm the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea f human exceptinalism” with regard t ut-grup cperatin. Otten says the bnb s that were mst cperative within their grups were the same nes that cperated mre with ut-grup members. This agrees with findings frm humans. “Schlars used t believe that in-grup ‘lve’ ges tgether with ut-grup ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that ften in-grup cperatrs are als ut-grup cperatrs,” he says. (来自荷兰的研究人员Otten认为这项研究“令人兴奋”，特别是因为它在群体外合作方面“挑战了人类例外论的观点”。Otten说，在群体内最合作的倭黑猩猩与群体外成员合作得更多。这与人类的研究结果一致。他说:“学者们过去认为，群体内的‘爱’与群体外的‘恨’相伴而生，但最近的研究表明，群体内的合作者往往也是群体外的合作者。”)”可知，Otten认为这项研究是开创性的。故选B。
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。
12．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shwn the mere expsure effect, als referred t as the familiarity principle, inspires ur decisins. It is a helpful psychlgical mechanism that helps us sustain ur energy and fcus ur attentin n ther things. Getting used t new things takes effrt and it can be exhausting. S unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely t buy frm cmpanies we've gt used t. That is why cmpanies spend s much mney n advertising and marketing and why insurance cmpanies penly charge existing custmers mre than new nes.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选C。
13．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s nt the case that we nly desire things we already knw. Sme studies suggest when invited t share ur preferences, we smetimes see less familiar ptins as mre desirable. But when acting n that preference, we fall back t what we knw. This might explain why smetimes the things we want and the things we d dn’t quite match up. We might even return t cmpanies that treated us prly in the past r stay in bad relatinships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系。)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选D。
14．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While this can appear effective in the shrt run, we may nly end up replacing ne prblem with anther. It als risks verwhelm and burnut.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能只是用一个问题代替另一个问题。它也有让人不堪重负和精疲力竭的风险。)”可知，这段话表明作者对文章中提出的解决方案持反对态度，认为这种解决方案可能只是暂时有效，而且可能带来新的问题和风险。因此，作者的态度是反对的。故选A。
15．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shwn the mere expsure effect, als referred t as the familiarity principle, inspires ur decisins. It is a helpful psychlgical mechanism that helps us sustain ur energy and fcus ur attentin n ther things. Getting used t new things takes effrt and it can be exhausting.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。)”以及最后一段“We can braden the zne f familiarity bit by bit. If we think f familiarity as smething that can expand, we can cnsider changing the cnditins in and arund ur lives t make mre space fr ur preferences t take rt and grw gently. Frm here, we will start t make decisins, drawing frm an ever-deepening pl f valuable ptins.(我们可以一点一点地扩大熟悉的范围。如果我们认为熟悉是一种可以扩展的东西，我们可以考虑改变我们生活中的环境，为我们的喜好提供更多的空间，让它生根发芽。从这里开始，我们将从越来越多的有价值的选择中做出决定。)”可知，文章主要讨论了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，以及如何利用这一原则进行创新和拓展。文章强调了我们可以逐步扩大熟悉的范围，通过改变生活中的条件，为我们的偏好提供更多的空间，使其能够生根并温和地成长。因此，选项C“Gently Expand Yur Familiarity Zne”最能概括文章的主题，即鼓励读者在保持熟悉感的同时，逐渐扩展自己的舒适区。故选C。
16．F 17．C 18．B 19．G 20．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了策划短篇故事情节的方法。
16．上文“A great shrt stry drps the reader int its wrld swiftly and hlds their attentin all the way thrugh.(一个好的短篇故事会让读者迅速进入它的世界，并始终吸引他们的注意力)”说明一个好的短篇故事需要快速吸引读者并保持其注意力，以及下文“It can be as simple as knwing a few key mments yu want t wrk yur way tward.(它可以很简单，只要知道你想要努力实现的几个关键时刻)”说明短篇故事的情节设计可以很简单，只需要知道几个关键点，F项“策划一个短篇故事不一定要列出详细的情节要点。”符合上下文逻辑，起到了承上启下的作用。故选F。
17．上文“Yu dn’t need t have multiple shrt stry ideas ready t g at a mment's ntice.(你不需要在一瞬间就准备好多个短篇故事的想法)”以及下文“When that idea cmes t yu, sit dwn and flesh it ut.(当你想到这个想法时，坐下来把它充实起来)”说明写短篇故事不需要随时准备好多个故事想法，只要有想法出现就可以坐下来充实它，C项“你所需要的只是一个坚实的概念。”与上下文语境相符，符合题意。故选C。
18．下文“The fundatins f yur main cnflict r theme ften frm a shrt stry’s rising actin.(你的主要冲突或主题的基础通常构成短篇故事的上升情节)”说明本段谈论的是短篇故事的主要冲突或主题，B项“写出中心冲突。”引出下文内容，适合作为段落标题句。故选B。
19．上文“But when it cmes t drafting, pick yur mments f backstry carefully.(但当涉及到起草时，请仔细选择你的背景故事)”说明在创作过程中要精心挑选背景故事的内容，G项“为了切入，一条信息必须对故事的核心事件有所贡献。”进一步说明了如何选择合适的信息和背景，确保它们能够推动情节发展。故选G。
20．上文“Many shrt stries wrk well in first-persn because f their brevity (简洁).(许多短篇故事以第一人称写得很好，因为它们的简洁)”说明很多短篇故事由于其简洁性，以第一人称叙述效果很好，以及下文“If yur stry needs t be tld in secnd-persn r third-persn, that wrks, t.(如果你的故事需要用第二人称或第三人称讲述，那也行)”说明如果故事需要以第二人称或第三人称讲述也是可行的，D项“但没有硬性规定你必须这样做。”说明尽管第一人称常用且有效，但并不是唯一的选择，呼应了下文内容。故选D。
21．D 22．B 23．B 24．C 25．D 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．A 30．A 31．B 32．C 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者即将主持的一系列冥想静修活动，并描述了参与者的特点、活动安排以及作者自己在其中的角色和感受。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每次静修期间，大约有一百名信徒将从世界各地来到这里，花一周到十天的时间来深化他们的冥想练习。A. emplyees雇员；B. retirees退休人员；C. interviewees被面试者；D. devtees献身者，信徒。根据空后的“will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices.”可知，空处指的是冥想静修的信徒，他们会来进行冥想练习。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们中一些是老面孔，但许多人从未去过印度。A. passers-by路人；B. ld-times旧时的、故人；C. truble-makers捣乱者；D. peace-lvers热爱和平的人。根据上下文句意可知，空处指的是这些信徒中有些是老面孔，但是大多数人都未去过印度。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的职责是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。A. wrk工作；B. stay逗留；C. tur观光；D. lecture演讲。根据上文“What I will be hsting, t be exact, is a series f meditatin retreats （冥想静修） t be held this spring. During each retreat, abut a hundred ____1____ will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices.”可知，作者是负责这次冥想静修的人，由此可知，作者应该是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在静修的大部分时间里，参与者将保持沉默。A. dubt怀疑；B. memry记忆；C. silence寂静；D. surprise惊讶、惊奇。根据下文“Fr sme f them, it will be the first time they’ve ____5____ silence as a devtinal practice, and it can be intense.”可知，在静修期间，参与者需要保持沉默。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们中的一些人来说，这将是他们第一次体验静默的禅修。A. treated对待；B. interpreted口译、翻译；C. described描述；D. experienced经历。根据空后的“as a devtinal practice”可知，他们需要经历静默的禅修。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果出了什么问题，我将是他们唯一可以倾诉的人。A. cmmanded命令；B. reminded提醒；C. frced强迫；D. allwed允许。根据上文“Fr mst f the retreat, the participants will be in ____4____.”可知，静修期间，参与者要保持沉默。由此可知，如果出了问题，他们只被允许和我诉说。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以帮助他们。我很有能力提供帮助。A. equipped装备；B. mved移动；C. wanted想要；D. mtivated激发。根据下文“All the listening skills I learned as a (n) ____8____ bartender, all the antennas （直觉） I’ve ever develped thrughut my lifetime that have taught me hw t ____9____ what peple are feeling — they were all accumulated ____10____ I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve ____11____.”可知，作者具备帮助他们的能力。故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个会产生共鸣的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. talkative健谈的；B. sympathetic有同情心的、共鸣的；C. aggressive攻击性的、有进取心的；D. inncent无辜的、清白的。根据空前“All the listening skills I learned”以及空后的“bartender”可知，作为一名调酒师需要了解顾客的感受，和顾客产生共鸣。故选B。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. read阅读、读懂；B. recrd记录；C. express表达；D. reveal揭示。根据空前的“all the antennas （直觉）”以及空后的“what peple are feeling”可知，空处指的是这些直觉能够让作者读懂人们的感受。故选A。
30．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. s that以至于、为了；B. nw that既然；C. in case以防；D. even if即使。根据空前“they were all accumulated”以及空后“I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve ____11____.”可知，空处考查目的状语从句的引导词。故选A。
31．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. put aside储存、保留；B. taken n承担、呈现；C. turned dwn调低、拒绝；D. gt ver克服。根据空前的“task”可知，这些积累是为了帮助这些人完成他们所承担的任务。故选B。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对他们的勇敢感到惊奇。A. guilt内疚、罪行；B. satisfactin满意；C. wnder奇迹、惊奇；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据空后的“at their bravery.”以及“These peple have ____13____ their families and lives fr a few weeks t g int silent retreat with a crwd f perfect ____14____ in India.”可知，作者被这些人的勇敢所折服。故选C。
33．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些人抛下了他们的家庭和生活，前往印度和一群完全陌生的人一起进行静默静修，为期几周。A. cntributed t做贡献、有助于；B. relied n依赖；C. left behind留下、抛下；D. prayed fr为……祈祷。根据上文内容可知，这些人是前来静修，也就是说他们抛下了自己的家庭和生活。故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些人抛下了他们的家庭和生活，前往印度和一群完全陌生的人一起进行静默静修，为期几周。A. strangers陌生人；B. ppnents对手、反对者；C. friends朋友；D. rmmates室友。根据上文内容可知，这些人来自世界各地，由此可知，他人对他们而言都是陌生人。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不是每个人在他们的一生中都会这样做。A. jb工作；B. adventure冒险；C. dream梦想；D. lifetime一生。根据上文可知，作者对这些人的勇气感到震惊，因为不是每个人在自己的一生中会这样做。故选D。
36．is guaranteed 37．have tpped/have been tpping 38．what 39．and 40．primarily 41．against 42．asked 43．Cnceming 44．expsure 45．Otherwise
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就消费者在选择餐厅时依赖评分作为参考这一现象展开分析，分析了导致评价不真实的原因，包括商家操纵评分和消费者因受到利益诱导而给出不真实评价的情况。
36．
考查时态和语态。句意：如果在5分制中得到4.8分或以上，那么这家餐厅肯定是一个不错的选择；但如果是4或更少，这几乎总是意味着这家餐厅太糟糕了，你可能会受到影响。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“the restaurant”，单数，和动词“guarantee”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is guaranteed。
37．
考查时态。句意：在过去的几个月里，诸如“评分低的餐厅可能味道更好”之类的话题已经成为搜索关键词的榜首。考查本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“in the past mnths”可知，本句时态为现在完成时或现在完成进行时；主语为“tpics”，复数，谓语动词用have。故填have tpped或have been tpping。
38．
考查主语从句。句意：但对每个人来说最重要的是评估的真实性。这里为主语从句的引导词，主语从句缺少主语，表示“物”，用连接词“what”。故填what。
39．
考查连词。句意：我们有必要分析导致现状的原因，并反思提高可信度和消费者体验的措施。空前“analyze the reasns that lead t the present situatin”和空后“reflect n measures t imprve credibility and cnsumer experiences”之间为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
40．
考查副词。句意：一方面，相当多的商家主要依靠高分来吸引消费者，他们通过购买正面评论来操纵评级来增加流量。此处修饰动词短语“rely n”，应用副词形式，作状语。故填primarily。
41．
考查介词。句意：另一方面，一些消费者可能会违背他们的初衷，给高分，因为当他们被要求提交评论时，他们会得到免费的菜肴或折扣。根据句意可知，此处使用固定短语g against，意为“违背……”。故填against。
42．
考查状语从句的省略。句意：另一方面，一些消费者可能会违背他们的初衷，给高分，因为当他们被要求提交评论时，他们会得到免费的菜肴或折扣。这里为状语从句的省略，状语从句的完整形式为“when they are asked t submit cmments”，动词“ask”和主语“they”之间为被动关系，可将they are省略。故填asked。
43．
考查介词。句意：考虑到这些现象，平台必须为那些需要更多曝光率来展示自己并获得应得回报的优质玩家开发更丰富的方式。分析句子成分以及句意可知，空处为介词，意为“考虑到……”，用cncerning；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Cncerning。
44．
考查名词。句意：考虑到这些现象，平台必须为那些需要更多曝光率来展示自己并获得应得回报的优质玩家开发更丰富的方式。此处作宾语，应用名词expsure，不可数。故填expsure。
45．
考查副词。句意：否则，用户最终会放弃平台，让那些狡猾的玩家去玩他们的营销游戏。根据句意可知，空处意为“否则、要不然”，担当状语，用副词therwise；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Otherwise。
46． Jin Me fr a City Walk
Hey, I’m Li Hua, and I have a great idea fr this summer! I’m planning a city walk in Hangzhu this summer and lking fr a freign friend t jin me! We’ll take a leisurely strll thrugh the city, admire the beautiful scenery, savr the lcal cuisine, and immerse urselves in the lcal culture. If yu’re a friendly and easyging adventurer, let’s embark n this exciting jurney tgether and create unfrgettable memries! Let’s have a great time! Cntact me nw!
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的帖文。要求通过社交媒体发布一篇帖子，在家乡(杭州)寻找外国友人结伴“城市漫步”。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
寻找：lk fr→ seek fr
品尝：savr → enjy/relish
令人兴奋的：exciting → thrilling
玩得开心：have a gd time→ enjy neself
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m planning a city walk in Hangzhu this summer and lking fr a freign friend t jin me!
拓展句：I, wh am lking fr a freign friend t jin me, am planning a city walk in Hangzhu this summer.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Hey, I’m Li Hua, and I have a great idea fr this summer!（运用了and连接的并列句）
【高分句型2】If yu’re a friendly and easyging adventurer, let’s embark n this exciting jurney tgether and create unfrgettable memries!（运用了if引导的状语从句）
47．
The much-anticipated presentatin started. The audience quieted, their curisity piqued by the unusual setup. A figure draped in shadws appeared, capturing everyne’s attentin. Tm, frm behind the scenes, cntrlled the rbt, delivering the presentatin thrugh it. The audience was spellbund, marveling at the technlgy that made it seem as if the rbt itself was talking with passin abut the cmpany’s latest innvatins in rbtics. At the end f the speech, the presenter said, “T cnclude tday’s presentatin, we’ll invite a mysterius guest here. Yu can never guess wh he is!”
Tm walked nt the stage, lking exactly the same as the presenter. The crwd erupted int applause, bth fr the technlgical prwess demnstrated and fr the clever way Tm had vercme his persnal challenge. He std beside the rbt, cnfidently cncluding the presentatin with a Q&A sessin. Tm’s bss watched frm the audience, a brad smile spreading acrss his face. The event was a majr success, nt nly fr the cmpany’s public image but als fr Tm, wh had fund a creative slutin t his greatest fear.
【导语】本篇书面表达是读后续写。本文以人物为线索展开。Tm是现实机器人公司的一名专家，他的老板要求他就公司的最新研发工作做一次公开介绍。但Tm非常不擅长公众演讲，一说话就紧张。某天，他在电视节目中看到了腹语术者用假人进行表演，获得了启发。于是，他开始和公司的同事们紧锣密鼓地准备起来。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段句首内容“万众期待的演讲开始了。”可知，第一段可以描写演讲的场景。
②由第二段句首内容“汤姆走上舞台，看上去和演讲人一模一样。”可知，第二段可以描写汤姆走上舞台后观众的反应和汤姆的感受。
2.续写线索：演讲开始—观众被迷住—邀请上舞台—掌声—结束—成功
3.词汇激活
行为类
①平静，安静：quiet/quiet dwn
②出现：appear/shw up
③引起某人的注意：capture ne’s attentin/catch ne’s attentin
情绪类
①惊叹于：marvel at/be amazed at
②自信地：cnfidently/with cnfidence
【点睛】【高分句型1】A figure draped in shadws appeared, capturing everyne’s attentin.( 运用了现在分词capturing作状语)
【高分句型2】He std beside the rbt, cnfidently cncluding the presentatin with a Q&A sessin.( 运用了现在分词cncluding作状语)
【高分句型3】The event was a majr success, nt nly fr the cmpany’s public image but als fr Tm, wh had fund a creative slutin t his greatest fear. (运用了wh引导的定语从句)
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