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(20-22)三年中考真题英语分项汇编专题41首字母填空(含解析)
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这是一份(20-22)三年中考真题英语分项汇编专题41首字母填空(含解析),共73页。
【2022年】
(一)(2022·广东广州·中考真题)
阅读短文,根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式,每空限填一词。答卷时,要求写出完整单词。
Dunbuang is a histric city in Gansu. In ancient times, Dunhuang was an imprtant c ___46___ f trade. As the Silk Rad develped, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway t the wrld. Here, different cultures met and influenced each ther. Peple frm f ___47___ cuntries did business and cmmunicated with the lcal peple.
If yu v ___48___ Dunhuang, yu will be able t see the Mga Caves(莫高窟). If yu walk i ___49___ , yu will discver sme f the wnderful artwrks. There are ver 45,000 square metres f beautiful paintings n the cave walls, as well as thusands f statues.
Over the years, China has made great effrts t prtect the Mga Caves. Tday, yu can als find high-quality phts f the artwrks n the Internet. Peple all ver the wrld nw have a c ___50___ t see Dunhuang’s treasures nline.
【答案】46.(c)entre##(c)enter
47.(f)reign
48.(v)isit
49.(i)nside
50.(c)hance
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述敦煌在古代是贸易中心,讲述在敦煌可以看到莫高窟和很多艺术作品,讲述现在人们可以在网上看到敦煌的财宝。
46.
句意:在古代,敦煌是一个重要的贸易中心。根据“an”可知用单数名词作表语。根据“As the Silk Rad develped, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway t the wrld”及首字母提示,可知,句子讲述敦煌古代是贸易中心,用名词“center”或“centre”。故填(c)entre/(c)enter。
47.
句意:外国的人和当地的人经商和交流。名词“cuntries”前用形容词修饰,根据“different cultures”及首字母提示,可知句子表达外国的人,用形容词“freign”。故填(f)reign。
48.
句意:如果你参观敦煌,你能看到莫高窟。这是“if”引导的条件状语从句,遵循主将从现的原则,主句是一般将来时,从句是一般现在时表示将来。根据“yu will be able t see the Mga Caves”及首字母提示,可知句子表达参观敦煌,主语是“yu”,动词用“visit”。故填(v)isit。
49.
句意:如果你走进去,你会发现一些完美的艺术作品。动词“walk”用副词修饰,根据“discver sme f the wnderful artwrks”及首字母提示,可知句子表达走进去,用“walk inside”。故填(i)nside。
50.
句意:全世界的人现在有机会在网上看到敦煌的财宝。动词“have”后缺宾语,根据“a”可知是单数名词。根据“t see Dunhuang’s treasures nline” 及首字母提示,可知句子表达有机会,用“have a chance t d”。故填(c)hance。
(二)(2022·湖北武汉·中考真题)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的单词,单词的第一个字母已给出。
Erie Green has always wndered abut things that live in the cean. When he was y____46____ , he lved t swim. He liked t watch all kinds f underwater animals and plants thrugh his mask (潜水面罩). When he grew up, he wanted t l____47____ fr new things in the cean.
Tday, Mr. Green is a marine eclgist (海洋生态学家). He studies hw underwater animals and plants cnnect with each ther and need each ther t stay a____48____.
Mr. Green studies cral reefs (珊瑚) in the Pacific Ocean. A cral reef is like a big underwater t____49____. Thusands f animals and plants live there. They cmpete fr fd and space there. As a result, the beautiful cral reefs get i____50____ easily.
Mr. Green als studies hw peple’s actins can change cral reefs. Smetimes peple pllute the water r verfish, s the w____51____ that all the living things are jined tgether has been changed. If cral reefs get hurt, many animals have t find new hmes. Sme animals’ n____52____ drp lw, and sme animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants t p____53____ this frm happening.
Mr. Green believes that all living things in a cral reef shuld be k____54____ safe. “Underwater ecsystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all f their parts t wrk crrectly.” “T take better care f marine hmes, we first must k____55____ them. Only thrugh that, can we understand the great influence humans have n these places.” Mr. Green says.
【答案】46.(y)ung
47.(l)k
48.(a)live
49.(t)wn
50.(i)njured
51.(w)ay
52.(n)umbers
53.(p)revent
54.(k)ept
55.(k)nw
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了海洋生态学家格林先生意识到珊瑚礁所面临的问题以及它们的重要性,呼吁人们要先了解它们并保护它们。
46.
句意:当他年轻的时候,他喜欢游泳。was后接形容词作表语,根据“When he grew up”及首字母可知,年轻的时候喜欢游泳,yung“年轻的”符合,故填(y)ung。
47.
句意:当他长大后,他想在海洋中寻找新的东西。根据“he wanted t … fr new things in the cean”及首字母可知,此处指在海洋中寻找新东西,lk fr“寻找”,want t d sth“想要做某事”,此空应填动词原形,故填(l)k。
48.
句意:他研究水下的动物和植物是如何相互联系、相互需要以维持生存的。根据“underwater animals and plants cnnect with each ther and need each ther t stay”及首字母可知,水下的动植物相互维持生存,alive“活着的”,形容词作表语,故填(a)live。
49.
句意:珊瑚礁就像一个巨大的水下小镇。根据“A cral reef is like a big underwater”及首字母可知,把珊瑚礁比喻成一个巨大的小镇,twn“城镇”,a修饰名词的单数形式,故填(t)wn。
50.
句意:因此,美丽的珊瑚礁很容易受伤。根据“They cmpete fr fd and space there”可知,因为食物和生存的空间相互竞争,导致珊瑚礁受伤,get injured“受伤”,故填(i)njured。
51.
句意:有时人们污染水或过度捕捞,所以所有生物的连接方式已经改变。根据“the …that all the living things are jined tgether has been changed”及首字母可知,连接方式改变了,way“方式”。根据has可知,此空应填单数名词,故填(w)ay。
52.
句意:有些动物的数量下降了,有些动物就消失了。根据“Sme animals’ … drp lw, sme animals just disappear”可知,有些数量少了,有些消失了,number“数量”,句子是一般现在时,drp是动词原形,故此空应填名词复数形式,故填(n)umbers。
53.
句意:格林先生想阻止这种事情发生。根据“Mr. Green wants t … this frm happening”及首字母可知,想阻止这一切发生,prevent…frm ding sth“阻止某事发生”,want t d sth“想要做某事”,此空应填动词原形,故填(p)revent。
54.
句意:格林先生认为珊瑚礁里的所有生物都应该保护好。根据“They need all f their parts t wrk crrectly”可知,珊瑚礁里的每一部分都需要正常工作,所以它们应该被保护起来,keep“保持”,be与过去分词构成被动语态结构,故填(k)ept。
55.
句意:要更好地照顾海洋家园,我们首先必须了解它们。根据“we first must…them”及“can we understand the great influence humans have n these places”可知,只有先了解珊瑚礁,才能理解人类对这些地方的巨大影响,knw“了解”,情态动词must后接动词原形,故填(k)nw。
(三)(2022·江苏连云港·中考真题)
根据短文意思和首字母提示,写出一个完整正确的单词。
Erhu is ne f the mst imprtant Chinese instruments. It has a histry f ____51____ 1,000 years. It is said that Erhu did nt get its name u____52____ the late Qing Dynasty. It has been imprved gradually since it appeared. It is als c____53____ the Chinese vilin because its tne is as sft and bright as the vilin’s. There are many w____54____ pieces f music played by Erhu, such as The Mn Reflected n the Er-quan Spring. Yu can g and e____55____ the charm f them. I hpe yu’ll lve them.
【答案】51.()ver
52.(u)ntil
53.(c)alled
54.(w)nderful##(w)rld-famus
55.(e)njy##(e)xperience
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了二胡的发展历史。
51.
句意:它有一千多年的历史。根据“ It has a histry f … 1,000 years”可知,此处指1000多年的历史,ver“超过”,故填()ver。
52.
句意:据说二胡直到清末才得名。 根据“It is said that Erhu did nt get its name … the late Qing Dynasty.”可知,此处用nt…until表示“直到……才”,故填(u)ntil。
53.
句意:它也被称为中国小提琴,因为它的音调和小提琴一样柔和明亮。根据“It is als c… the Chinese vilin”及首字母可知,二胡也被称为中国小提琴,call“称呼”,主语it与动词call之间是被动关系,此处用被动语态be dne的结构,空格前已有is,故此空填过去分词,故填(c)alled。
54.
句意:用二胡演奏了许多美妙/著名的乐曲。根据“pieces f music”及首字母可知,此处指美妙的或者是著名的乐曲,wnderful“美妙的”,wrld-famus“著名的”,故填(w)nderful/(w)rld-famus。
55.
句意:你可以去欣赏/体验它们的魅力。此空与g构成并列关系,故此空也应填入一个动词原形,根据“the charm f them”及首字母可知,欣赏它们的魅力,enjy“欣赏”,experience“体验”,故填(e)njy/(e)xperience。
(四)(2022·江苏扬州·中考真题)
根据短文内容和首字母提示,在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整,完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词)
The Grand Canal(大运河)is a man-made waterway that runs nrth and suth in eastern China. Dating back 2,500 years and stretching 1,794 kilmeters, it is amng the wrld’s ldest and l___51___ canals. Yangzhu China Grand Canal Museum is lcated n the bank f the ancient Grand Canal in Yangzhu, ne f the eight c___52___ in Jiangsu prvince sitting alng the Grand Canal.
The museum ___53___ its drs t the public n June 16,2021. It cvers an area f sme 80,000 square meters. It has tw structures: a fur-stry building in the s___54___ f a giant ship waiting t set sail, and a 100-meter-tall Tang-Dynasty-style twer.
The museum has 11 themed exhibitins(展览). They are telling the h___55___ f the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang Dynasties(581-907), the Beijing-Hangzhu Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals ffer a wealth f histric and cultural attractins w___56___ they cntinue t be used fr transprt, irrigatin(灌溉)and fld cntrl. The 25.7-meter-lng, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River sectin is c___57___ by many as the “treasure f the museum”.
S far, the museum has ver 10,000 exhibits(展品), including 20 grups f large nes, making it the best cllectin t shw the grandness f the canal and h___58___ peple changed nature.
Passing t___59___ the exhibitin hall and int the antiquated(老式的)streets, visitrs can see restaurants and shps alng the street, as if walking in the water village n the canal during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Yangzhu China Grand Canal Museum is different frm all the ther m____60____ which are themed n the Grand Canal in China. Why nt cme and visit it yurself?
【答案】51.(l)ngest
52.(c)ities
53.()pened
54.(s)hape
55.(h)istry
56.(w)hile
57.(c)nsidered
58.(h)w
59.(t)hrugh
60.(m)useums
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述扬州中国运河博物馆的修建,结构和它的独特之处。
51.
句意:2500年之前建造,延伸1794千米的大运河跻身世界最古老和最长的运河。根据“ldest and”可知,用形容词最高级形成并列。根据首字母提示,可知表达最长的,用最高级“lngest”。故填(l)ngest。
52.
句意:扬州中国运河博物馆位于扬州古代大运河的岸边,扬州是江苏省沿着大运河的八大城市之一。句子用“ne f 复数名词”的结构,表达“最……之一”。根据“Yangzhu”,“in Jiangsu prvince”及首字母提示,可知表达城市,用复数名词“cities”。故填(c)ities。
53.
句意:博物馆在2021年6月16日向大众开放。句子缺谓语动词,根据“June 16,2021”可知是一般过去时,动词用过去式。根据“its drs t the public”及首字母提示,可知,句子表达打开大门,用过去式“pened”。故填()pened。
54.
句意:它有两部分结构,像一艘等着航行的大船的四层的建筑,和一座100米高的唐代的塔。根据“f a giant ship waiting t set sail”及首字母提示,可知,句子表达建筑的形状,用“in the shape f”。故填(s)hape。
55.
句意:它们讲述了隋朝和唐朝建造的隋唐大运河,北京到杭州的大运河和东部浙江运河的历史。定冠词“the”后用名词。根据“These canals ffer a wealth f histric and cultural attractins”可知,句子表达讲述了运河的历史北京,根据首字母提示可知用名词“histry”。故填(h)istry。
56.
句意:这些运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点,同时它们继续被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。根据“These canals ffer a wealth f histric and cultural cntinue t be used fr transprt, irrigatin and fld cntrl.”可知,前后句的动作是同时发生的,运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点的同时,运河也被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。用连词while表示“与……同时”。故填(w)hile。
57.
句意:长25.7米,高8米的古汴河段被许多人认为是“博物馆的瑰宝”。句子缺谓语动词,根据“by”可知是被动结构,根据首字母提示可知句子用“be cnsidered as”表达“被看作是……”。故填(c)nsidered。
58.
句意:到目前为止,博物馆包含了一万种展品,包括二十组大型的展品,使得它成为最好的收藏品,展示了大运河的宏大和人们怎样改变大自然。根据“peple changed nature”可知后面是宾语从句,根据首字母提示,可知句子表达“怎样人们改变大自然”,用疑问词“hw”引导从句。故填(h)w。
59.
句意:穿过展览馆,进入老式的街道,游客可以看到街道两边的餐馆和商店,好像走在明清时期运河上的水村里。根据“Passing”及“the exhibitin hall”可知,句子表达从展览馆内部穿过,用短语“pass thrugh”。故填(t)hrugh。
60.
句意:扬州大运河博物馆以中国的大运河为主题,和所有其他的博物馆是不同的。根据“Yangzhu China Grand Canal Museum”及“which are themed n the Grand Canal”可知,此处是指其它博物馆,且需用复数形式“museums”。故填(m)useums。
(五)(2022·天津·中考真题)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
In the small villages f Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, mst kids want t read bks. But n rads g t their hmes, nly miles and miles f sand. Cars and trucks are nt useful, s____46____ library bks arrive n the backs f camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the bks. Tw camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w____47____ t the villages tgether. One camel carries abut 180 kils f bks, and the ther carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shws the b____48____ t the kids inside. Tw weeks later, the camels c____49____ back with new bks.
Sme peple in the muntains f nrthern Thailand (泰国) get bks in a d____50____ way. Their “l____51____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult jurney. Because they are large, they can carry many bks in metal cases (金属箱). The metal prtects the bks frm the heavy rains that f____52____ in the area.
Indnesia (印度尼西亚) has its wn difficulties. The cuntry has ver 17,000 islands. Mst peple t____53____ by bat and they als carry their bks by bat. A library bat hlds(容纳) abut 500 bks in bxes. Bxes f bks are left in villages and are traded (交换) fr new bks a few weeks l____54____.
Fr peple wh live far and can’t get t a library, a library that cmes t them brings mre than bks. It brings a whle w_____55_____ f infrmatin.
【答案】46.(s)
47.(w)alk
48.(b)ks
49.(c)me
50.(d)ifferent
51.(l)ibraries
52.(f)all
53.(t)ravel
54.(l)ater
55.(w)rld
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了一些贫穷国家的一些特殊的运送图书的方式。
46.
句意:汽车和卡车没有用处,所以图书馆的书是骑在骆驼背上的。根据“Cars and trucks are nt bks arrive n the backs f camels”以及首字母可知前后两句是因果关系,前因后果,用s引导。故填(s)。
47.
句意:两只骆驼、一个骆驼司机和一个图书管理员一起步行到村庄。根据“Tw camels, a camel driver, and a librarian”以及首字母并结合上文可知汽车和卡车没有用,所以他们是步行,walk“步行”,句子使用一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形。故填(w)alk。
48.
句意:在每个村庄,图书管理员都会搭起帐篷,向里面的孩子们展示书籍。根据“the librarian sets up the tent and shws the kids inside”以及首字母可知图书管理员给孩子展示书籍,表泛指用名词复数bks“书”。故填(b)ks。
49.
句意:两周后,骆驼带着新书回来了。根据“back with new bks”以及首字母可知是带着新书回来,cme back“回来”,句子使用一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形。故填(c)me。
50.
句意:泰国北部山区的一些人以不同的方式获取书籍。根据“Sme peple in the muntains f nrthern Thailand(泰国) get bks in”以及首字母并结合下文可知泰国人获取书籍的方式也不同,修饰名词用形容词different“不同的”。故填(d)ifferent。
51.
句意:他们的“图书馆”由大象携带。根据“are carried by elephants”以及首字母可知此处指图书馆,library“图书馆”,根据are可知主语用名词复数。故填(l)ibraries。
52.
句意:金属保护书籍免受该地区的大雨影响。根据“The metal prtects the bks frm the heavy rains”以及首字母可知是下雨,fall“落下”,句子使用一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形。故填(f)all。
53.
句意:大多数人乘船旅行,他们也乘船携带书籍。根据“by bat and they als carry their bks by bat.”以及首字母可知是乘船旅行,travel“旅行”,句子使用一般现在时,主语是复数,动词用原形。故填(t)ravel。
54.
句意:成箱的书留在村子里,几周后被换成新书。根据“Bxes f bks are left in villages and are traded(交换) fr new bks a few weeks”以及首字母可知是几周后换新书,later“之后”。故填(l)ater。
55.
句意:它带来了很多信息。根据“It brings a infrmatin”以及首字母可知是很多信息,a wrld f“很多”。故填(w)rld。
【2021年】
A
(2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题)
Ways t reduce fd waste
Fd waste is a big prblem arund the wrld. While sme peple t 1 away unwanted fd, lts f peple in ther parts f the wrld face fd shrtages.
In rder t reduce fd waste, many c 2 in the wrld like German and France have fd banks. Peple and grcery stres can give extra fd t them and they can give the fd t t 3 in need. Shanghai Oasis pened China’s first fd bank in 2015. In five years, it saved seven millin tns f fd and h 4 760,000 peple.
Many fruits and v 5 g t waste because they lk ugly. Fr example, abut 25 t 30 percent f carrts dn't make it t the stre because f their l 6 . S try t buy ugly fd next time, since it is j 7 as gd as “nrmal” fd.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling peple t 8 dishes by using the “N-1”frmula. “N” s 9 fr the number f peple in yur grup. S if yu’re in a grup f s 10 peple, yu shuld rder five dishes.
T reduce fd waste is a big task, and it needs time. Everyne can d smething t make a difference.
【答案】
1.(t)hrw
2.(c)untries
3.(t)hse
4.(h)elped
5.(v)egetables
6.(l)ks
7.(j)ust
8.()rder
9.(s)tands
10.(s)ix
【分析】
本文主要介绍了为了减少食物浪费的方法:许多国家都用食物银行来储存多余的食物;建议购买外观不好看的蔬菜和水果;中国饭店采用“N-1”公式点餐。
1.句意:当一些人扔掉不想要的食物时,世界上其他地方的很多人面临食物短缺。根据“unwanted fd, lts f peple in ther parts f the wrld face fd shrtages.”可知,此处指“扔掉”,用固定短语thrw away表示,此处是陈述事实用一般现在时,主语为yu,动词用原形。故填(t)hrw。
2.句意:为了减少食物浪费,世界上像德国和法国一样的许多国家都有食物银行。根据“like German and France ”及首字母可知,此处指“国家”,用cuntry表示,可数名词,many后跟可数名词复数,故填(c)untries。
3.句意:人们和杂货店可以给他们额外的食物,他们可以把食物给那些需要的人。根据“ need”可知,此处指那些需要的人,结合首字母可知,用代词thse指代。故填(t)hse。
4.句意:在五年内,它节省了700万吨粮食,帮助了76万人。根据“it saved seven millin tns f fd and ... 760,000 peple.”结合短文和首字母可知,食物银行是为了帮助那些食物短缺的人,help符合语境。由saved可知,此处用动词的过去式。故填(h)elped。
5.句意:许多水果和蔬菜被浪费,因为它们看起来很丑。根据下文“25 t 30 percent f carrts”和首字母v可知,此处指“vegetable蔬菜”,根据many fruits可知,此处用复数表示种类。故填(v)egetables。
6.句意:例如,大约25%到30%的胡萝卜因为长得不好看而无法进入商店。根据“because they lk ugly”可知,此处指“因为外形丑而无法进入商店”,lk“外观”符合语境,由their可知,此处用复数。故填(l)ks。
7.句意:所以下次尽量买难看的食物,因为它和“正常”食物一样好。根据语境和首字母提示可知,此处指和“正常”食物一样好,just as gd as...表示“和……同样好”。故填(j)ust。
8.句意:许多中餐馆告诉人们用“N-1”公式点菜。根据“restaurants are telling peple ”可知,此处指点餐,rder符合语境,不定式符号t后跟动词原形,故填()rder。
9.句意:“N”代表你们的人数。stand fr“代表”符合语境,主语“N”表示第三人称单数,动词用三单形式。故填(s)tands。
10.句意:所以如果你们六个人,你应该点五道菜。根据“N-1”和“yu shuld rder five dishes”可知,此处指六个人,six“六”。故填(s)ix。
B
(2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的单词,单词的第一个字母已给出
Susan is the daughter f the famus envirnmental scientist Clark. But the wman has becme an envirnmentalist n her 11 .
In 1992, the first UN Earth Summit(峰会) was held in Ri de Janeir. Thusands f peple frm arund the wrld h 12 fr it t talk abut the Earth’s tmrrw. Twelve-year-ld Susan and three f her friends frmed a grup. They raised mney t travel t Ri t a 13 the summit.
At the summit, Susan said that the state f the envirnment w 14 her a lt. “Yu dn’t knw hw t fix the hles in ur zne layer (臭氧层). Yu dn’t knw hw t bring back frests that nce g 15 where there is nw desert. If yu dn’t knw hw t fix the Earth, please stp b 16 it!” The six-minute speech silenced all the peple and made them fall int deep thinking.
After that speech, Susan began t lead “tw lives.” On the t 17 days, she was a schlchild. But during her vacatins, she s 18 internatinally abut the envirnment.
Nw, nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Ri speech. Althugh many f the wrld’s envirnmental prblems have nly becme w 19 , Susan des agree that sme things are different nw. Mre and mre peple give vice like Susan because they have realized the imprtance f the envirnment.
“Thirty years ag, I was fighting fr my tmrrw. Nw, I am fighting fr the f 20 f my sns,” says Susan, nw a mther f tw, wh has kept calling peple's attentin t climate change.
【答案】
11.()wn
12.(h)eaded
13.(a)ttend
14.(w)rried
15.(g)rew
16.(b)reaking
17.(t)ypical
18.(s)pke
19.(w)rse
20.(f)uture
【分析】
本文主要讲述了苏珊如何凭借自己的力量成为一名环保主义者的事迹。
11.句意:但这位女士凭借自己的力量成为了一名环保主义者。由前句和句中转折连词“But”可知,此句是说这位女士依靠自己成了一名环保主义者。n ne’s wn独自,为固定短语,故填()wn。
12.句意:来自世界各地的成千上万的人前往大会,讨论地球的明天。句中“it”指代联合国地球峰会,由句中“t talk abut the Earth’s tmrrw”可知,此句是说很多人前往大会。head做动词时,意为“使向……进行”,head fr前往,由句意知用一般过去时,故填(h)eaded。
13.句意:他们筹钱到里约热内卢去参加峰会。由句中“t”和“the summit”可知,这里是说参加峰会。attend参加,出席,动词,句中用动词不定式作目的状语,此处用原形,故填(a)ttend。
14.句意:在峰会上,苏珊说环境状况让她很担心。下文说的是苏珊担心的事情,所以此句是说环境状况让她担心。wrry使……担心,此句叙述的是过去的事,用一般过去时,故填(w)rried。
15.句意:你不知道如何恢复曾经生长在沙漠里的森林。由句中“frest that nce”和“where there is nw desert”可知,此句是说曾经长在沙漠里的森林。grw生长,动词,由句意知用一般过去时,故填(g)rew。
16.句意:如果你不知道如何修复地球,请停止破坏它!由前半句“If yu dn't knw hw t fix the Earth”可知,此句是说停止破坏它。break破坏,动词,stp ding sth.停止做某事,故填(b)reaking。
17.句意:在平常的日子里,她还是个小学生。由后句“But during her vacatins”可知,此句是说在平常的日子里。typical代表性的,典型的,形容词,故填(t)ypical。
18.句意:但在休假期间,她在国际上谈论了环境问题。阅读短文可知,苏珊过两种生活,在平常的日子里是学生,在假期时,她就环境问题发表国际性讲话。speak讲话,动词,由句意知用一般过去时,故填(s)pke。
19.句意:尽管世界上的许多环境问题只会变得更糟,但苏珊确实同意有些事情现在已经不同了。althugh引导的是让步状语从句,结合所给首字母“w”可知,此句是说许多环境问题变得更糟了。wrse更糟糕的,为形容词的比较级,故填(w)rse。
20.句意:现在,我正在为我儿子的未来而奋斗,”苏珊说,她现在是两个孩子的母亲,她一直在呼吁人们关注气候变化。由句中“fighting fr”和“f my sns”可知,此句是说为了孩子们的未来而奋斗。future未来,名词,the future f……的未来,故填(f)uture。
C
(2021·天津中考真题)
Electric cars may seem like a recent inventin, but they’ve been arund fr years. In the early 1900s, there were mre electric cars n the rad than there were petrl (汽油) cars. At that time, petrl was e 21 cmpared with ther fuels (燃料). W 22 petrl prices drpped and new technlgies were develped, electric cars went ut f fashin (过时). Instead, petrl cars became mre p 23 because they culd travel lnger distances (距离) withut stpping.
During the 20th century, petrl cars gt bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed mre fuel, and it c 24 mre air pllutin. Fr years, car makers didn’t wrry abut pllutin. They didn’t wrry abut the amunt f petrl cars used, e 25 . But when peple began t realise that there was nt enugh il n the earth, they asked car makers t prduce mre efficient (高效能的) and less plluting cars.
One m 26 f slving the prblem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), ne that ran partly n petrl and partly n electricity. Hybrid cars became ppular in the 2000s when petrl prices went up and the prices f hybrid cars went d 27 .
An all-electric car uses n petrl. The prblem, hwever, is that car batteries (电池) need t be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars nt s useful fr lng j 28 .
Many peple are nt p 29 with it. The gvernment and car makers are w 30 tgether t develp safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When peple have these cars in the future, a petrl statin may be a thing f the past.
【答案】
21.(e)xpensive
22.(W)hen
23.(p)pular
24.(c)aused
25.(e)ither
26.(m)ethd
27.(d)wn
28.(j)urneys
29.(p)leased
30.(w)rking
【分析】
文章讲了电动汽车的发展史。
21.句意:在那个时候,汽油和其他燃料相比是昂贵的。根据“petrl prices drpped”可知之前是很昂贵的。故填(e)xpensive。
22.句意:当汽油价格下降和新技术的发展,电动汽车不再流行。此处表示当某事发生的时候,另一件事发生了,用when引导时间状语从句。故填(W)hen。
23.句意:相反,汽油汽车变得更受欢迎,因为它们可以不停车行驶更长的距离。根据“because they culd travel lnger distances withut stpping”可知此处讲到汽油汽车的优势,应是变的受欢迎了,ppular受欢迎的,形容词作表语。故填(p)pular。
24.句意:他们需要更多的燃料,而这导致了更多的空气污染。根据“mre air pllutin”及首字母c可知此处表示引起更多污染,cause引起,再由“needed”可知用一般过去时。故填(c)aused。
25.句意:他们也不担心汽油汽车的使用量。“didn’t wrry abut”与前面重复,由此推出是也不担心,either也,用于否定句末尾。故填(e)ither。
26.句意:解决这个问题的一种方法是“混合”汽车,一种部分依靠汽油,部分依靠电力的汽车。根据“slving the prblem”可知讲解决问题的方法,结合首字母m可知用methd表示“方法”,One后接其单数形式。故填(m)ethd。
27.句意:混合动力汽车在2000年代开始流行,当时汽油价格上涨,混合动力汽车的价格下降。根据“Hybrid cars became ppular in the 2000s”可知混合汽车的价格应是下降了,g dwn下降。故填(d)wn。
28.句意:这使得电动汽车在长途旅行中不那么有用。根据“The prblem, hwever, is that car batteries need t be recharged.”可知电动汽车需要在充电,不适合长途旅行,jurney旅行,lng前没有不定冠词或其他限定词,用复数形式jurneys。故填(j)urneys。
29.句意:很多人都不满意。根据“That makes electric cars nt s useful fr lng jurneys.”可知人们是对电动汽车不能用于长途旅行这一现象不满意。be pleased with对……感到满意。故填(p)leased。
30.句意:政府和汽车制造商正在合作开发安全、便宜、有用的电动汽车。根据“t develp safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.”可知政府和汽车制造厂是一起工作,wrk工作,are后接现在分词构成现在进行时。故填(w)rking。
D
(2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题)
根据短文内容和首字母提示,在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上,完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词)
Chinese peple started t build gardens mre than 2,000 years ag. Chinese gardens are a special frm f t 31 Chinese culture and art.
At the entrance t a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stne r wall t screen(挡住)yur view. This is t give yu a pressed-in feeling, in rder t later prduce unexpected jy w 32 yu turn arund the hall t see the amazing rck frmatins(假山)and a big lake. The best e 33 is the Summer Palace.
Rck frmatins play an i 34 rle in the design f a Chinese-style garden. Withut them, a garden culd nt be cnsidered a Chinese-style garden. They are as imprtant t a Chinese-style garden as sculptures are t a Eurpean-style garden. Ge Garden in Yangzhu is famus fr i 35 Fur Seasns Rckeries(假山花园).
G 36 in the suth are mstly small in size. Chinese garden designers have used the methd f “brrwing scenery with a mirrr(镜子)” t create a sense f s 37 . A mirrr is hung ppsite a windw t take in the utside scenery. A fine example f this is Pian Shi Shan Fang, a rckery in He Garden, Yangzhu. A big mirrr is built int the wall f its west crridr. The whle garden will be s 38 in the mirrr wherever the visitrs are. A pl r a lake in a garden a 39 serves this purpse. A pl runs frm suth t nrth thrugh the garden f Pian Shi Shan Fang. East f the rckery, a man-made mn is reflected(倒映)in the p 40 .
Whatever methds used, every effrt is made t achieve the purpse f giving visitrs a sense f space in the garden.
【答案】
31.(t)raditinal
32.(w)hen
33.(e)xample
34.(i)mprtant
35.(i)ts
36.(G)ardens
37.(s)pace
38.(s)een
39.(a)ls
40.(p)l
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文,向我们介绍中国园林的特点和风格。
31.句意:中国园林是中国传统文化和艺术的一种特殊形式。根据“Chinese gardens are a special frm f t…Chinese culture and art.”和常识可知,“传统的”符合语境,作定语修饰Chinese culture and art,故填(t)raditinal。
32.句意:这是为了给你一种紧张的感觉,以便之后当你转过大厅看到惊人的岩层和一个大湖时产生意想不到的喜悦。分析“This is t give yu a pressed-in feeling, in rder t later prduce unexpected jy w…yu turn arund the hall t see the amazing rck frmatins(假山)and a big lake.”可知,“当……时”符合语境,用when引导时间状语从句,故填(w)hen。
33.句意:最好的例子就是颐和园。分析“The best e…is the Summer Palace.”可知,“例子”符合语境,此前有the best修饰,使用名词单数,故填(e)xample。
34.句意:岩层在中式园林的设计中起着重要的作用。分析“Rck frmatins play an i… rle in the design f a Chinese-style garden.”可知,“重要的”符合语境,play an imprtant rle“起到重要作用”,故填(i)mprtant。
35.句意:扬州个园以四季假山而闻名。分析“Ge Garden in Yangzhu is famus fr i…Fur Seasns Rckeries(假山花园).”可知,此处指“Ge Garden”,用it代替,作定语修饰“Fur Seasns Rckeries”,用形容词性物主代词形式,故填(i)ts。
36.句意:南方的花园大多是小的。根据“G…in the suth are mstly small in size.”和全文描述可知,“花园”符合语境,根据“are”可知,应用名词复数,故填(G)ardens。
37.句意:中国园林设计师采用“借镜取景”的方法来营造一种空间感。分析“Chinese garden designers have used the methd f ‘brrwing scenery with a mirrr(镜子)’ t create a sense f s…”可知,是营造空间感,a sense f space“一种空间感”,故填(s)pace。
38.句意:无论游客在哪里,整个花园都能映入镜子。根据“The whle garden will be s…in the mirrr wherever the visitrs are.”可知,“看到”符合语境,主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态,will be dne一般将来时的被动语态,故填(s)een。
39.句意:花园里的水池或湖泊也可以起到这个作用。根据前文和“A pl r a lake in a garden a…serves this purpse.”可知,此处表示“也”,用于句中,故填(a)ls。
40.句意:在假山的东面,有一个人造的月亮映在水池里。根据前文“A pl r a lake in a garden a…serves this purpse.”可知,“池塘”符合语境,根据“a man-made mn is reflected(倒映)in the p…”可知,此处特指表单数,故填(p)l。
E
(2021·江苏连云港市·中考真题)
Paper, zhi was a Chinese inventin. 2, 000 years ag, Chinese peple i 41 papermaking. This zhi was made 42 silk and was very expensive. Only the emperr and rich peple culd a 43 t use it. 1, 900 years ag, Cai Lun imprved the paper-making prcess.
He made cheap jinzhi ut f tree bark and ld clth. The imprvement in paper-making spread zhi far and wide, and many different k 44 f zhi were made by Chinese peple. Xuan paper, a type f high quality rice paper, best shws the charm f t 45 Chinese painting and calligraphy (书法). Later, Chinese zhi spread t the West via the Chinese Silk Rad.
【答案】
41.(i)nvented
42.()f
43.(a)ffrd
44.(k)inds
45.(t)raditinal
【分析】
文章大意:本文讲述了纸的发展历史。2000年前,中国人发明了造纸术。1900年前,蔡伦改进了造纸工艺。后来,中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸,并由丝绸之路传播到西方。
41.句意:2000年前,中国人发明了造纸术。根据上文“Paper, zhi5 was a Chinese inventin.”结合“2, 000 years ag, Chinese peple … papermaking.”及首字母提示,可知2000年前,中国人发明了造纸术。invent“发明”,动词,句子时态是一般过去时,故填(i)nvented。
42.句意:这种纸是用丝绸制成的,非常昂贵。根据“This zhi was made … silk and was very expensive.”结合首字母提示,可知此处考查固定词组be made f“由……制成”,故填()f。
43.句意:只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用。根据上文“was very expensive.”结合“Only the emperr and rich peple culd … t use it.”及首字母提示,可知纸非常昂贵,只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用,affrd“买得起、负担得起”,动词,前面有情态动词culd,因此这里用动词原形,故填(a)ffrd。
44.句意:中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸。根据“and many different … f zhi were made by Chinese peple.”结合语境及首字母提示,可知中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸,different kinds f “不同种类的”,故填(k)inds。
45.句意:宣纸是一种高质量的蒲草纸,最能体现中国传统书画的魅力。根据“Xuan paper, a type f high quality rice paper,”结合“best shws the charm f … Chinese painting and calligraphy.”及首字母提示,可知宣纸最能体现中国传统书画的魅力,“传统的”traditinal ,形容词,符合题意,故填(t)raditinal。
【2020年】
2020年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题20 短文填空
考点1首字母填空
Passage 1(2020 •南通市)
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整正确的形式,使短文通顺。
Reyes Guana grew up in a pr Mexican family. He has seven brthers and sisters. His parents always had tw jbs t make ends meet. At weekends, the whle f____66____ went t fields t wrk. When the children were yung, they stayed in the car. As they grew ____67____, they wrked, t.
As a by, Guana was a “very shy” child wh was very q___68___ in schl. He had few friends but he had a gd relatinship with the schl cleaner. He liked t call the friendly lady “Nike” because she usually wre Nike clthes and shes. Nike was well rganized and the by liked h___69___ she made everything clean. He tld her he wanted t be a cleaner, t. “Well, it’s gd if yu want t be a cleaner,” Nike said t little Guana with k___70___. “But make sure yu g t cllege and make it as ne f yur steps there.”
Guana als lked up t the principal (校长) f his schl. He was a tall and gd-lking man. Als, he always went t smene in n____71____. The principal tld the by that his jb was t help students and teachers. “Ww, when I grw up, I want t d what yu’re ding.” “Well, yu can d it!” the principal r___72___. Guana did get there, and the tw men remain friends. The frmer principal is nw almst 90 years ld.
But b___73___ becming a schl principal, Guana fllwed in Nike’s ftsteps and wrked fr three schls in Ldi, Califrnia. And being a cleaner at a schl made him think abut hw t shw respect fr everyne in an rganizatin. In Guana’s schl system tday, everyne is i____74____ t parties and events. Everyne is imprtant nt nly the peple wh clean the flrs r drive the buses but als the peple wh teach the students r lead the schls.
He never f___75___ where he came frm, r hw he felt. Nw, Guana tells his wn three children hw imprtant an educatin is fr their lives.
本文讲述了小时候家庭贫困的瓜纳从一个学校清洁工变成学校系统的管理者的故事,告诉我们如果想要做成一件事情,并且足够努力地工作,就可以实现它。
66. family【解析】句意:周末,全家都去田里干活。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“全家人去田里干活”,family一家人,为集合名词,在句中做主语,故填family。
67. lder【解析】句意:随着年龄的增长,他们也在工作。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“随着年龄的增长”,grw lder意为“年龄增长”,故填lder。
68. quiet【解析】句意:小时候,瓜纳是个“很害羞”的孩子,在学校里很安静。
根据“Guana was a ‘very shy’ child”,可知他在学校应该很安静,quiet安静的,是形容词,在句中作表语,故填quiet。
69. hw【解析】句意:耐克很有条理,这个男孩喜欢她如何把一切都弄干净。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“喜欢她如何把一切都弄干净”,hw如何,疑问词,故填hw。
70. kindness【解析】句意:“耐克”和善地对小瓜纳说:“嗯,如果你想当清洁工,那很好。”。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“耐克和善地对小瓜纳说”,kindness和善,是名词,在句中作介词宾语,故填kindness。
71. need【解析】句意:而且,他总是去帮有困难的人。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“去帮有困难的人”,in need在危难中,故填need。
72. replied【解析】句意:“好吧,你能做到的!”校长回答。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“校长回答到”,reply回答,是动词,此部分是过去时叙述,所以应用reply的过去式replied,故填replied。
73. befre【解析】句意:但在成为学校校长之前,瓜纳追随耐克的脚步,在加州洛迪的三所学校工作。
根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“在成为学校校长之前”,befre意为“在……之前”,是连词,故填befre。
74. invited【解析】句意:在瓜纳如今的学校系统中,每个人都被邀请参加聚会和活动。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“每个人都被邀请参加聚会和活动”,invite邀请,因为是被动关系,所以用invite的过去分词invited,故填invited。
75. frgets【解析】句意:他永远不会忘记自己来自何方,也不忘自己的感受。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“他永远不会忘记”,frget忘记,是动词,分析句子可知此处应该用一般现在时,主语为he,谓语动词frget用单三形式frgets,故填frgets。
Passage 2(2020 •泰州市)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,补全空格内单词,使短文完整、通顺(请在答题卡上写出完整单词)。
Smetimes we fall in lve with smething at nce and smetimes it takes lng. The same is true with pems. If we were lucky e_____71_____, we pen a bk and find a pem that attracts us at nce. But usually we need t spend a little t_____72_____ r make a little effrt t truly understand a pem. Tday I’d like t talk abut reading pems in ways that make the experience better.
Reading a pem repeatedly will deepen yur understanding f it. Smetimes a pem that seems b_____73_____ n first reading becmes interesting with mre reading. A pem that feels meaningless becmes deeper and mre meaningful. And smetimes yu’re just nt in the right md the first time yu read a pem, but l_____74_____ it tuches yur heart.
Keep a d_____75_____ at hand when yu are reading pems. Pets like t use unusual wrds. Instead f skipping ver (跳过) these wrds r trying t g____76____ their meanings, lk them up.
Read alud and listen t the pem. Reading alud will make the pem’s rhythm clear. Besides, a pet’s reading is very helpful b_____77_____ we can understand the pem’s meanings frm where the pet places emphasis (强调) r pauses (停顿).
After yu finish reading a pem, take a few mments t cnsider w_____78_____it is saying. Smetimes its meanings are better understd t_____79_____ repeated reading. Other times they need ur careful and deep thught n a pem.
It is h_____80_____ t say whether there’s a right r wrng way t read pems, but reading practices will enrich yur experience, increase yur enjyment, and deepen yur understanding f any pem.
这是一篇说明文,文章介绍诗歌阅读的方法,通过阅读练习能明白诗歌的含义,并加深对诗歌的理解。
71. enugh【解析】句意:如果我们足够幸运,我们打开一本书,发现一首诗立刻吸引了我们。lucky后面用副词enugh,表示 “足够幸运”。故答案为enugh。
72. time【解析】句意:但是通常我们需要花一点时间或一点努力才能真正地懂得一首诗。根据“spend a little”可知此处用 不可数名词time表示“花一点时间”,故答案为time。
73. bring【解析】句意:有时候一首诗第一次读看起来很无聊,多读几遍就变得有趣。根据“n first reading becmes interesting with mre reading”可知此处用interesting的反义词bring表示“无聊的”。故答案为bring。
74. later【解析】句意:有时你第一次读一首诗只是情绪不太对,但是后来它会触动你的内心。根据“the first time”以及首字母提示可知此处用副词later表示“后来”。故答案为later。
75. diary【解析】句意:当你读诗的时候,随手记日记。不定冠词a后面用单数名词;此处用动词短语keep a diary表示“记日记”,故答案为diary。
76. guess【解析】句意:不要跳过这些单词或者试着猜测它们含义,去查找它们的含义。此处用try t d。根据“instead f”可知前面部分否定了跳过单词和猜测单词含义的做法,而肯定后者“lk them up”。此处用动词原形guess。故答案为guess。
77. because【解析】句意:而且,一个诗人的阅读很有帮助因为我们从诗人强调和停顿的地方可以明白诗歌的含义。后面是讲述的原因,此处用连词because引导原因状语从句。故答案为because。
78. what【解析】句意:在你读完一首诗歌之后,花一点时间思考它在说什么。cnsider后面是宾语从句;it指的是“a pem”,此处表达“读的这首诗歌在说什么”,宾语从句的引导词用what。故答案为what。
79. thrugh【解析】句意:有时候,通过重复阅读,诗歌的含义能更好地被理解。此处是方式状语,用介词thrugh表示“通过”,故答案为thrugh。
80. hard【解析】句意:很难说阅读诗歌方式是对是错,但是阅读练习会丰富你的体验,增加你的乐趣,加深你对诗歌的理解。此处it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式“t say whether there’s a right r wrng way t read pems”,此处表示“t say whether there’s a right r wrng way t read pems”,根据首字母提示用形容词hard。故答案为hard。
Passage 3(2020 •徐州市)
A)根据短文内容及首字母提示,写出所缺单词,使短文完整、通顺。
It was Mnday mrning, and the writing class had just begun. Everyne was silent, waiting t see w_____61_____ wuld be called t read his r her article alud. Sme f us were cnfident and culdn’t wait t take p_____62_____ in the class activity; thers were nervus. I had dne my hmewrk, but I was shy — I was a_____63_____ t speak in frnt f a large grup f peple. At that mment, I remembered that my father _____64_____ said, “The classrm is a place fr learning and that i_____65_____ learning frm textbks, and mistakes as well.” Immediately, I raised my hand.
本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了写作课上作者克服恐惧心理主动回答问题的故事。
61. wh【解析】句意:每个人都默不作声,等着看谁会被叫来大声朗读他或她的文章。根据语境可知,我们等着看谁会被叫起来大声朗读自己的文章,故此处应用wh引导宾语从句,作宾语从句的主语。故答案为wh。
62. part【解析】句意:我们中有些人很自信,迫不及待地想参加班级活动;有些人则很紧张。根据语境可知,我们中有些人迫不及待地想参加班级活动,take part in参加,固定短语。故答案为part。
63. afraid/ashamed【解析】句意:我已经做了家庭作业,但我很害羞——我不敢在一大群人面前讲话/我羞于在一大群人面前讲话。根据前文“but I was shy”可知,我做了家庭作业,但是我很害羞,羞于/害怕在很多人前讲话。be afraid/ashamed t d sth害怕/羞于做某事,固定短语。故答案为afraid/ashamed。
64. nce/ften【解析】句意:那一刻,我想起父亲曾经/经常说:“教室是学习的地方,它包括从课本中学习,也包括从错误中学习。”根据语境可知,那一刻我想到了父亲经常说的话/曾经说过的话,故此处应为副词nce/ften曾经/经常。故答案为nce/ften。
65. includes【解析】句意:教室是学习的地方,它包括从课本中学习,也包括从错误中学习。根据语境可知,教室是学习的地方,它包括从课本中学习,也包括从错误中学习。includ包括,动词,根据句中is可知,本句为一般现在时,主语The classrm为第三人称单数,故此处应用其单三形式。故答案为includes。
Passage 4(2020 •盐城市)
(三)根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使其意思完整。
Dear Peter
I'm s excited. Guess what—it's my Dad's 40th b___71___ next week, s we’re ging t Lndn t celebrate it! Cl, uh?
We're flying ver n Thursday evening. As sn as we a___72___, we’ll g n a tur f the city. We'll take a trip n the River Thames, which divides the city int tw parts. This way, we can see almst every place f i___73___in Lndn.
On F___74___mrning, were ging t the Tate Mdern. Since it's nt f___75___frm ur htel, we’re ging t the Lndn Eye. I can’t w___76___t see the Huses f Parliament frm up there!
Saturday is fr s___77___. Mum advises me t buy a teddy bear fr my cusin as a p___78___. We’re ging t Prtbell Rad in the mrning. Then in the afternn, we'll visit Harrds—the mst famus shp in Lndn! Dad’s nt very happy abut it, but I'm sure he'll e___79___it when we're there.
On Sunday mrning, were ging t Hyde Park, and we’re ging hme by p____80____in the afternn.
It's my dream trip—and it's happening!
Hpe everything’s OK with yu.
Lts f lve
Cynthia
这篇短文讲述的是作者爸爸的生日快到了,他们决定去伦敦玩几天来庆祝一下。文章中介绍了他们去伦敦后的行程安排。
71. birthday【解析】句意:你猜怎么着——下周是我爸爸四十岁的生日,所以我们要去伦敦庆祝一下!根据空前40th和句中的celebrate“庆祝”可知,这里应表示“四十岁生日”,考查birthday,是一个名词。故答案为birthday。
72. arrive【解析】句意:我们一到那里,就去游览城市。根据文意可知,作者一家决定去伦敦,句中“g n a tur f the city”去这个城市游览,所以这里表示“到达那里”,考查arrive,是一个动词;短文以一般现在时和一般将来时态为主,as sn as引导的从句中应用一般现在时,动词用原形。故答案为arrive。
73. interest【解析】句意:这样,我们几乎可以看到伦敦的每一个名胜古迹。根据句意可知,这里考查的是短语place f interest,意为“名胜古迹”,interest是名词,意为“兴趣”。故答案为interest。
74. Friday【解析】句意:星期五早上,我们要去泰特现代美术馆。根据上一段“We're flying ver n Thursday evening.”和下一段“Saturday is fr…”可知,作者一家星期四出发,下一段提到了星期六,因此这一段说的是星期五的行程。故答案为Friday。
75. far【解析】句意:因为离我们住的旅馆不远,我们要去伦敦眼。根据句意可知,这里考查的是短语be far frm…“离……远”,far是形容词,意为“远的”。故答案为far。
76. wait【解析】句意:我迫不及待地想从那里看到国会大厦!根据句意和单词的首字母可知,这里考查wait,意为“等,等待”,用于句型can’t wait t d sth.“迫不及待去做某事”。故答案为wait。
77. shpping【解析】句意:星期六是购物的日子。下文“Mum advises me t buy a teddy bear fr my cusin as a…we'll visit Harrds-the mst famus shp in Lndn!”提到了买东西和伦敦最出名的商店,结合单词的首字母可知,这里考查shp,意为“购物”。空前fr是介词,这里应填动名词形式。故答案为shpping。
78. present【解析】句意:妈妈建议我买一个玩具熊给我的表弟作为礼物。根据文意和常识可知,作者一家出去游玩,买东西送给表弟,当然是给他的礼物。因此这里考查的是present,是一个名词,意为“礼物”,空前有a修饰,名词用单数。故答案为present。
79. enjy【解析】句意:爸爸对此不太高兴,但我相信他在那儿会很高兴的。句中but表示转折,现在爸爸对此不高兴,但等到了那儿他就会高兴的。结合单词首字母,这里考查enjy,意为“喜欢”。空前he’ll是he will的缩写,后面跟动词原形,故答案为enjy。
80. plane【解析】句意:星期天上午,我们去海德公园,下午乘飞机回家。空前by表示“乘坐(交通工具)”,结合单词的首字母可知,这里考查的是plane,意为“飞机”。故答案为plane。
Passage 5(2020 •扬州市)
根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上, 完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。
Our lives changed tracks the day ur sn was brn. We w ____66____ whether we shuld mve back t ur hme cuntry Brazil. I remember lking dwn at ur newbrn baby and thinking abut hw different his life wuld be there.
During the ten years away frm my big family and my culture, I missed the delicius fds, samba, Brazilian jujitsu(柔术), and sunny skies. My wife m____67____ ur hmeland t. As a musician, it wuld be e____68____ fr her t d her wrk in Brazil. But in the United Kingdm, I had the funding and lab resurces fr my research. Wuld such a mve be a disadvantage t my career?
A few weeks later, my brther called frm Brazil, telling me that ur father had passed away. The great happiness I felt abut my sn’s birth suddenly gave way t deep s____69____. We had n dubt it was the right time t r ____70____ t Brazil. We applied fr the prfessr psitins at a university in ur hmetwn and b____71____ received ffers.
H ____72____, it wasn’t easy getting started with my research in Brazil. I didn’t receive any start-up funding fr my lab. Nw, thanks t Brazilian funding, I have a team f bright yung scientists and can a____73____ expensive lab resurces.
We are living the lives we wanted t live-wrking n rewarding research and feeling clser t ur family and c ____74____in ur hme cuntry. My sn is grwing up clse t his cusins. I take up Brazilian jujitsu training, which I haven’t been able t d during my years a_____75_____. My wife and I feel happy t find a way hme.
本文介绍作者和妻子因为家庭变故举家搬回祖国巴西的经历。
66. wndered【解析】句意:我们想知道我们是否应该搬回到我们的祖国巴西。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处用于句中作谓语,表示“想知道”,可用wnder表示,根据前文“Our lives changed tracks the day ur sn was brn.”可知,本文陈述过去的事情,时态是一般过去时,所以此处用其过去式形式。故填wndered。
67. missed【解析】句意:我的妻子也想念我们的故乡。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处用于句中作谓语,表示“思念”,可用miss表示,根据前文“Our lives changed tracks the day ur sn was brn.”可知,本文陈述过去的事情,时态是一般过去时,所以此处用其过去式形式。故填missed。
68. easier【解析】句意:作为一名音乐家,对她来说在巴西工作将会更容易。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处用于句中作表语,表示“容易的,简单的”,可用easy表示,分析语境可知,此处暗含比较含义,所以用其形容词比较级形式。故填easier。
69. sadness【解析】句意:儿子出生带给我的巨大幸福突然化为深深的悲痛。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处用于句中作宾语,表示“悲痛”,可用sadness表示,sadness是不可数名词,所以用其原形即可。故填sadness。
70. return【解析】句意:我们毫不怀疑这就是回到巴西的正确时间。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处表示“返回,回到”,可用return表示,用于“it is the+ adj+ time t d sth”结构中,所以用其原形即可。故填return。
71. bth【解析】句意:我们申请了家乡一所大学的教授职位,并且两人都收到了录用通知。根据首字母提示和前半句“We applied fr the prfessr psitins at a university in ur hmetwn”可知,此处表示“两者都”,可用bth表示,指代前半句中的we,所以用其原形即可。故填bth。
72. Hwever【解析】句意:然而,在巴西开始我的研究并不容易。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处用于句中构成转折关系,表示“然而”,可用hwever表示,用于句首需大写首字母。故填Hwever。
73. affrd【解析】句意:现在,多亏了巴西的资助,我拥有了一个由聪明的年轻科学家组成的团队,并且能负担得起昂贵的实验室资源。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处用于句中作谓语,表示“负担得起”,可用affrd表示,又因为用于情态动词can之后,所以用其动词原形即可。故填affrd。
74. culture【解析】句意:我们过着我们想要的生活——从事有意义的研究,感觉离我们家乡的家庭和文化更近了。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处用于句中作宾语,表示“文化”,可用culture表示,culture是不可数名词,所以用其原形即可。故填culture。
75. away【解析】句意:我开始进行巴西柔术训练,这是我多年来在外面无法做到的。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此处用于句中作状语,表示“在外面”,可用away表示,所以用其副词形式即可。故填away。
Passage 6(2020 •镇江市)
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词,使短文意思完整,每空一词。
A man had a garden. He planted a rse and watered it c___46___. Befre the rse blssmed(盛开), he nticed many thrns(刺) arund the bud(花蕾) and he thught, “H___47___ can any beautiful flwer cme frm a plant with s many sharp thrns?” Because f this i___48___, he lst interest in this kind f plant, then he gave up watering the rse. And just b___49___ it was ready t blssm, it died.
Gd qualities are just like rses. There is a rse in e___50___ spirit. The gd qualities planted in us at birth, grw amng the thrns — ur weaknesses. Many f us lk at ___51___ and we nly see ur weaknesses. We lse heart, thinking that n___52___ gd can pssibly cme frm us. We give up watering the rses in us, and slwly they die. We never realize the g___53___ f being able t find ut ur gd qualities.
Smene may nt see the rse in himself, s we need t help him d___54___ the rse. With lve, we can accept a persn int ur life, even thugh we knw his true weaknesses. At the same time, we shuld e____55____ him t face his weaknesses bravely and crrect them. Then he will blssm many times.
本文是一篇说明文,把玫瑰比喻作人的优点,人们要做的是找出这些优点并呵护它们。
46. carefully【解析】句意:他种下了一朵玫瑰,并小心翼翼地为它浇水。空格处所给首字母为c。根据下文Because f this idea, he lst interest in this kind f plant可知,这个人原本对这朵玫瑰充满了兴趣,所以照料起来也是十分仔细、小心翼翼的。carefully作副词,意为“小心翼翼地”,修饰谓语watered,故答案为carefully。
47. Hw【解析】句意:长有这么多尖刺的植物怎么会开出美丽的花呢?空格处所给首字母为H。根据下文then he gave up watering the rse可知,玫瑰长有刺让他无法接受,故此处说的是“长有这么多尖刺的植物怎么会开出美丽的花呢?”。故答案为Hw。
48. idea【解析】句意:因为这个想法,他对玫瑰这种植物失去了兴趣。空格处所给首字母为i。根据上文Hw can any beautiful flwer cme frm a plant with s many sharp thrns?可知,此处说的是“因为这个想法,他对玫瑰这种植物失去了兴趣”。idea作名词,意为“想法”,空格前为指示代词this,故idea应用单数形式,故答案为idea。
49. befre【解析】句意:在它准备开花前,它就枯死了。空格处所给首字母为b。根据上文then he gave up watering the rse可知,他不再给玫瑰浇水了,所以花开之前,花就枯死了。befre作介词,意为“在……之前”,符合句意,故答案为befre。
50. every/each/ everyne's/everybdy's【解析】句意:每个人的精神世界里都有一朵玫瑰。空格处所给首字母为e。结合上下文Gd qualities are just like rses和The gd qualities planted in us at birth可知,一个人的好品质就像玫瑰,此处说的是“每个人的精神世界里都有一朵玫瑰”。故答案为every/ each/ everyne’s/ everybdy’s。
51. urselves【解析】句意:我们中的许多人只看到自己的弱点。空格处所给首字母为。根据下文We lse heart, thinking that nthing gd can pssibly cme frm us可知,此处说的是“我们中的许多人只看到自己的弱点”。urselves作反身代词,意为“我们自己”,符合句意,故答案为urselves。
52. nthing【解析】句意:我们失去了信心,认为自己身上不会有什么好品质。空格处所给首字母为n。根据上文Many f us lk at urselves and we nly see ur weaknesses可知,很多人只看到了自己的缺点,故此处说的是“我们失去了信心,认为自己身上不会有什么好品质”。nthing作代词,意为“没有什么”,符合句意,故答案为nthing。
53. gift(s)【解析】句意:我们从来没有意识到自己拥有能够发现自己的优点的天赋。空格处所给首字母为g。根据上文We give up watering the rses in us, and slwly they die可知,人们放弃了发现培养自己的好品质,任由它们渐渐消失,故此处说的是“我们从来没有意识到自己拥有能够发现自己的优点的天赋”。gift作名词,意为“天赋”,此处无明显提示词,故名词gift可用单数或复数形式,故答案为gift(s)。
54. discver【解析】句意:所以我们需要帮助他发现自己的那朵玫瑰。空格处所给首字母为d。根据上文Smene may nt see the rse in himself可知,有些人没有发现自己所拥有的玫瑰(指好品质),故此处说的是“所以我们需要帮助他发现自己的那朵玫瑰”。discver作动词,意为“发现”,且位于help sb. d sth.结构中,故答案为discver。
55. encurage【解析】句意:同时,我们应该鼓励他勇敢地面对自己的弱点并加以改正。空格处所给首字母为e。根据下文face his weaknesses bravely and crrect them可知,一个人要面对自己的弱点并改正它们是需要很大的勇气的,所以要鼓励他们去这么做。故此处说的是“同时,我们应该鼓励他勇敢地面对自己的弱点并加以改正”。encurage作动词,意为“鼓励”,空格前为情态动词shuld,故encurage应用原形,故答案为encurage。
Passage 7(2020 •上海市)
"Meatballs again?I hate meatballs!" Henry cried ludly. "I'm nt eating this!" Henry's mum and dad lked at each ther.This was the secnd time this week that Henry had c81. abut his dinner.
"We're ging t let yu take ver dinnertime.Yu can pick the fd and ck yur meals,'Mum said.
"Gd.We're ging t eat gd fd every night!" Henry answered.
The next day,Henry sat dwn t write the meal p82."We're ging t have chicken tnight,and ndles tmrrw," Henry said.
"Are we ging t have anything e83.besides chicken?We need t have at least ne vegetable fr each meal,",said Mum.
"We can have cabbage,"Henry said.
After he finished shpping,it was time t make his f84.meal.He believed that this wuld be his favurite meal.Since he had never cked,his parents were bth there t help him. "There's a lt t d,"Henry thught,as he lked at the mess in the kitchen.He was usually playing games utside while his parents were making dinner.
It tk almst tw hurs t ck.When dinner was finally finished,Henry was tired and h85..But he was s excited—he made dinner!
"I dn't like cabbage," cried Sphia,Henry's little sister,at the table.Henry felt quite upset.He had wrked s hard n dinner,but it was i86.t get everyne happy abut every part f every meal!
"I'm srry.I didn't knw this culd be s hard," Henry felt like he might cry.He began t r87.hw his parents felt every time at the dinner table.
"It's 0K,Henry.Yu wrked really hard.We' ll take back dinner respnsibilities. Yu'll have t d it enugh when yu're grwn up,"Dad said.
Henry felt released.He happily finished his dinner and never gt angry at dinner table again.
文章主要讲Herry因对晚饭所吃的食物不满而爸妈提议以后让他自己做饭的故事。故事中,Herry按照计划好的菜单计划去购物,然后花了差不多两个小时的时间做好饭,最后他的妹妹却说不喜欢卷心菜。这时,他才意识到做大家都满意的饭菜是很难的,并意识到了每次父母吃饭时的感受,最后他得到了父母的理解并释怀了,以后再也不会在吃饭时生气了。
81.cmplained【解析】句意:这是亨利本周第二次抱怨他的晚餐了。考查动词。由上文“Meatballs again?I hate meatballs!'m nt eating this!”可知,“亨利不喜欢吃肉丸——他对晚饭不满”。那么,结合首字母提示可知空格处表示“抱怨(cmplain)”。再根据句子结构(had+过去分词)可知,题干应用过去完成时。故答案为cmplained。
82.plan【解析】句意:亨利坐下来写用餐计划。考查名词。由下文“We're ging t have chicken tnight,and ndles tmrrw”及首字母提示可知,上文句意为“亨利坐下来写用餐计划”,所以空格处应填plan,“计划”,名词。故答案为plan。
83.else【解析】句意:除了鸡肉,我们还吃别的吗?考查形容词。由下文“We need t have at least ne vegetable fr each meal”及首字母提示可知,上文句意为“除了鸡肉,我们还吃别的吗?”所以空格处应填else,“其他的”,形容词,常用于不定代词后。故答案为else。
84.first【解析】句意:他买完东西后,该是他做第一顿饭的时间了。考查序数词。根据上下文及首字母提示可知,“这是亨利第一次做饭”,所以此空应填first,“第一”,序数词。故答案为first。
85.hungry【解析】句意,当晚饭终于做好了,Herry(感到)又累又饿。考查形容词。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此空应填hungry,“饥饿的”,形容词,在句中作表语。故答案为hungry。
86.impssible【解析】句意:但要让每个人对每顿饭的每一部分都感到高兴是不可能的!考查形容词。根据句意及首字母提示可知,此空应填impssible,“不可能的”,形容词。It is/was+形容词+(fr sb.)t d sth.是固定句式,意为“(对某人而言)做某事是……”。故答案为impssible。
87.realize【解析】句意:他开始意识到他父母每次吃饭时的感受。考查动词。begin t d sth.开始做某事,固定搭配。再根据句意及首字母提示可知,此空应填realize,“意识到”,动词。故答案为realize。
【点睛】
题目要求根据首字母提示填写适当的单词补全短文,考查学生对语境的理解能力及对所学词汇的把握和运用能力。做题时,应先把上下文语境或句意与首字母提示结合起来,推出所需单词,然后根据语法知识填写单词的适当形式。
Passage 8(2020 •四川攀枝花)
Mther Lve is true lve. It gives everybdy everything thrugh his whle life. W61.yu are still a baby, mther takes gd care f yu as much as pssible. In yur waking hurs she always hlds yu in her a62.. When yu are ill, she stps her wrk at nce t lk after yu day and night and frgets abut h63..
When yu are g64.up day by day, mther feels very happy. When yu are ld e65.t g t schl, mther still lks after yu all the time. On cld winter days, she always tells yu t put n mre clthes. She always stands in the wind waiting fr yu back f66.schl. When yu hurry t leave hme fr schl with little breakfast, she always feels w67.abut yu at hme. She usually knws yur study and s68.much mney n yur schl things. When yu d well at schl, the brightest smile will be seen n her f69..
Mther is always ready t give everything she h70.t her children, but nt t receive. What true lve that is in the wrld!We will remember Mther Lve frever.
本文是一篇说明文,阐述了母爱是世界上最真实、伟大的爱。并且详细阐述了在一个人成长的过程中,母爱是如何伴随着我们。
61.When【解析】句意:当你还是一个小婴儿,母亲尽可能多地照顾你。此处引导一个从句,根据首字母w,可知是表时间,用when引导,意为“当……时”,故答案为When。
62.arms【解析】句意:当你醒着时,她总是把你搂在臂弯中。此处作介词in的宾语,用名词;根据前文hlds yu,可知此处是arm手臂,此处用复数,表示“双臂中”,故答案为arms。
63.herself【解析】句意:当你生病了,她立刻停下工作,日日夜夜地照顾你,忘了她自己。此处作介词abut的宾语,又指的是主语mther,可知用反身代词,故答案为herself。
64.grwing【解析】句意:当你一天天长大,母亲非常开心。此处和其前be动词构成现在进行时be ding,可知填现在分词;根据语境和首字母g,可知是动词短语grw up长大,故答案为grwing。
65.enugh【解析】句意:当你年龄大到足够去上学,妈妈仍然一直照顾着你。此处修饰其前形容词ld,应该用副词;根据首字母e,可知是enugh足够,是副词,构成固定搭配be+adj.+enugh+t d,意为“足够……做某事”,故答案为enugh。
66.frm【解析】句意:她总是站在风中,等你从学校回来。此处缺介词,根据首字母f,可知是frm,意为“从……”,故答案为frm。
67.wrried【解析】句意:当你几乎不吃早餐,匆忙离开家去学校,她总是在家担心着你。此处作表语,构成固定词组feel wrried abut,意为“担心”,故答案为wrried。
68.spends【解析】句意:她通常知道你的学习情况,花许多钱在你的学习资料上。此处和前文knws一起作并列谓语,可知也用动词三单;根据固定搭配spend mney n sth.,意为“花费金钱在某事上”,可知用spend,主语为she,故答案为spends。
69.face【解析】句意:当你在学校表现好了,最明亮的笑容会出现在她脸上。此处作介词n的宾语,用名词;根据前文说是微笑,可知此处是face脸,是名词,空格前为her,名词用单数,故答案为face。
70.has【解析】句意:母亲总是准备把她拥有的一切给孩子,但从不奢求回报。此处作定语从句的谓语,根据宾语为everything,可知此处是have,意为“拥有”;根据主语she为三单,可知动词也用三单,故答案为has。
Passage 9(2020 •天津市)
Have yu ever heard the saying, “Hme, sweet hme’? This is just anther way f saying that it’s n56. t be hme! A lt f the peple and things we lve are at hme.
What d yu like abut being at hme?
What d yu like best abut being at hme? Maybe yu like t play with yur brthers and sisters. Maybe yu e57. staying with yur mum and dad. Maybe yu have a pet yu like t play with. Spending time with yur family is ne thing that makes being at hme special.
Yur bedrm is a58. thing that makes hme special. Yur tys, yur bks, and yur favurite things are in yur bedrm. Cnsider what yu like best abut yur rm. Is it hw it lks? Is it yur cmfrtable b59. that yu sleep n? Maybe yu like t have a q60. place t read a bk r t think abut yur day.
Mealtime can be a special time at hme. Families sit arund the table t eat the fd Mum r Dad has prepared. It’s a time t share interesting s61. abut yur day.
Hw d yu help at hme?
There are a lt f things t d t make hme a special place. Wh des the chres (家庭杂务) l62. cleaning, cking, and yardwrk (庭院劳动) at yur huse? When families wrk t63. t d the chres, it makes them easier and mre fun fr everyne. Maybe yu can h64. lay the dinner table r clear the places. Maybe yu can pull weeds (草) ut f the flwer garden. Maybe yu can water the vegetable garden r the huseplants. Think abut what yu can d, s that w65. yu cme hme every day, yu can say, “Hme, sweet hme!”
文章介绍了谚语“回家真好”,人们喜欢家里的什么,以及在家能帮忙做什么家务事等等。
56.nice【解析】句意:这只是另一种方式说回家很好!根据句意理解及前句Have yu ever heard the saying, “Hme, sweet hme”?可知,这里表达的是“回家真好”,空格表示的是“好的”,在句中作表语,所以用形容词nice,故答案为nice。
57.enjy【解析】句意:也许你喜欢和爸爸妈妈呆在一起。根据句意理解及前句Maybe yu like t play with yur brthers and sisters.可知,这里表达的是“喜欢”,英语是enjy,前句用的是一般现在时,所以这里也用一般现在时,主语是第二人称,所以动词用原形,故答案为enjy。
58.anther【解析】句意:你的卧室是另一个让家变得特别的东西。根据句意理解及前句Spending time with yur family is ne thing that makes being at hme special.可知,这里表达的是“另一个”,英语是anther,表示不确定数目的另一个,故答案为anther。
59.bed【解析】句意:这是你在上面睡的舒适的床吗?根据句意理解及空格后that yu sleep n可知,这里说的是“床”,英语是bed,而这里指的是“你睡觉的床”,所以应该用单数形式,故答案为bed。
60.quiet【解析】句意:也许你喜欢有一个安静的地方看书或思考你的一天。根据句意理解及后句t read a bk r t think abut yur day可知,这里表达的是“安静的”,英语是quiet,在句中修饰的是空格后面的名词place,故答案为quiet。
61.stries【解析】句意:现在是分享你一天中有趣故事的时候了。根据句意理解及空格前的share interesting以及空格后的abut yur day可知,这里指的是“故事”,英语是stry,是一个可数名词,所以这里应该用复数形式,表示很多有趣的故事,故答案为stries。
62.like【解析】句意:你家里的家务活是谁干的,比如打扫卫生、做饭和庭院劳动?根据句意理解及空格后面的cleaning, cking, and yardwrk可知,空格后面是举例家务,所以这里表达的是“像,比如”,英语是介词like,故答案为like。
63.tgether【解析】句意:当一家人一起做家务时……根据句意理解及后句it makes them easier and mre fun fr everyne.可知,这里表达的是“一起工作”,英语是wrk tgether,所以空格缺的是“一起”,故答案为tgether。
64.help【解析】句意:也许你可以帮忙摆好餐桌或者清洁一下。根据句意理解及后句lay the dinner table r clear the places可知,这里表达的是“帮助”,英语是help,而空格前有情态动词can,所以这里应该用动词原形,故答案为help。
65.when【解析】句意:想想你能做些什么,这样当你每天回家时,你可以说,“家,温馨的家!”根据句意理解可知,这里是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句,所以空格缺的是时间状语从句的连词,表示的是“当……时”,所以空格应该用when来引导,故答案为when。
Passage 10 (2020 •赤峰市)
Have yu ever heard the saying, “Hme, sweet hme’? This is just anther way f saying that it’s n56. t be hme! A lt f the peple and things we lve are at hme.
What d yu like abut being at hme?
What d yu like best abut being at hme? Maybe yu like t play with yur brthers and sisters. Maybe yu e57. staying with yur mum and dad. Maybe yu have a pet yu like t play with. Spending time with yur family is ne thing that makes being at hme special.
Yur bedrm is a58. thing that makes hme special. Yur tys, yur bks, and yur favurite things are in yur bedrm. Cnsider what yu like best abut yur rm. Is it hw it lks? Is it yur cmfrtable b59. that yu sleep n? Maybe yu like t have a q60. place t read a bk r t think abut yur day.
Mealtime can be a special time at hme. Families sit arund the table t eat the fd Mum r Dad has prepared. It’s a time t share interesting s61. abut yur day.
Hw d yu help at hme?
There are a lt f things t d t make hme a special place. Wh des the chres (家庭杂务) l62. cleaning, cking, and yardwrk (庭院劳动) at yur huse? When families wrk t63. t d the chres, it makes them easier and mre fun fr everyne. Maybe yu can h64. lay the dinner table r clear the places. Maybe yu can pull weeds (草) ut f the flwer garden. Maybe yu can water the vegetable garden r the huseplants. Think abut what yu can d, s that w65. yu cme hme every day, yu can say, “Hme, sweet hme!”
文章介绍了谚语“回家真好”,人们喜欢家里的什么,以及在家能帮忙做什么家务事等等。
56.nice【解析】句意:这只是另一种方式说回家很好!根据句意理解及前句Have yu ever heard the saying, “Hme, sweet hme”?可知,这里表达的是“回家真好”,空格表示的是“好的”,在句中作表语,所以用形容词nice,故答案为nice。
57.enjy【解析】句意:也许你喜欢和爸爸妈妈呆在一起。根据句意理解及前句Maybe yu like t play with yur brthers and sisters.可知,这里表达的是“喜欢”,英语是enjy,前句用的是一般现在时,所以这里也用一般现在时,主语是第二人称,所以动词用原形,故答案为enjy。
58.anther【解析】句意:你的卧室是另一个让家变得特别的东西。根据句意理解及前句Spending time with yur family is ne thing that makes being at hme special.可知,这里表达的是“另一个”,英语是anther,表示不确定数目的另一个,故答案为anther。
59.bed【解析】句意:这是你在上面睡的舒适的床吗?根据句意理解及空格后that yu sleep n可知,这里说的是“床”,英语是bed,而这里指的是“你睡觉的床”,所以应该用单数形式,故答案为bed。
60.quiet【解析】句意:也许你喜欢有一个安静的地方看书或思考你的一天。根据句意理解及后句t read a bk r t think abut yur day可知,这里表达的是“安静的”,英语是quiet,在句中修饰的是空格后面的名词place,故答案为quiet。
61.stries【解析】句意:现在是分享你一天中有趣故事的时候了。根据句意理解及空格前的share interesting以及空格后的abut yur day可知,这里指的是“故事”,英语是stry,是一个可数名词,所以这里应该用复数形式,表示很多有趣的故事,故答案为stries。
62.like【解析】句意:你家里的家务活是谁干的,比如打扫卫生、做饭和庭院劳动?根据句意理解及空格后面的cleaning, cking, and yardwrk可知,空格后面是举例家务,所以这里表达的是“像,比如”,英语是介词like,故答案为like。
63.tgether【解析】句意:当一家人一起做家务时……根据句意理解及后句it makes them easier and mre fun fr everyne.可知,这里表达的是“一起工作”,英语是wrk tgether,所以空格缺的是“一起”,故答案为tgether。
64.help【解析】句意:也许你可以帮忙摆好餐桌或者清洁一下。根据句意理解及后句lay the dinner table r clear the places可知,这里表达的是“帮助”,英语是help,而空格前有情态动词can,所以这里应该用动词原形,故答案为help。
65.when【解析】句意:想想你能做些什么,这样当你每天回家时,你可以说,“家,温馨的家!”根据句意理解可知,这里是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句,所以空格缺的是时间状语从句的连词,表示的是“当……时”,所以空格应该用when来引导,故答案为when。
Passage 11【2020•湖北省咸宁市】
短文填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处写出适当的单词,单词首字母已给出。(有的词请注意词形的变化!)
When I was a child, my mm liked t make fd fr dinner every nw and then. One night she made d___41___ after a lng, hard wrk.
That evening, my mm placed a plate f eggs, sausages and burned (烤焦的) c___42___ in frnt f my dad. I was waiting t s___43___ if anyne wuld say anything. Yet my dad just reached fr his ckies, smiled a___44___ my mm and asked me hw my day was at schl. I didn't remember what I tld him that night, b___45___ I clearly remembered watching him eat every bite f the ckies!
When I gt up frm the table that evening I heard my mm aplgize (道歡) t my dad fr b___46___ the ckies. And I will never frget what he s___47___: "Dear, I lve the burned ckies."
Later that night, I went t kiss Dad gdnight and I a___48___ him if he really liked his burned ckies. He hugged me and said: "Yur mm had a h___49___ wrk tday, and she's very tired. Besides, a little burned ckie never hurts a____50____!"
Life is f____51____ f imperfect (不完美的) things and imperfect peple. We n____52____ t learn t accept each ther's faults (过失) and enjy each ther's differences. Try t understand it and change ur mind.
这是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述作者的母亲工作辛苦一天后做饭,把饼干烧焦了,作者的父亲没有任何怨言地吃掉了每块饼干并表示喜欢烧焦的饼干。作者询问父亲是否真的喜欢烧焦的饼干,父亲认为一点烧焦的饼干不会伤害任何人。由此启发读者学会接受每个人的过失,享受每个人的不同点,试着去理解并改变自己的想法。
41. dinner 【解析】句意:一天晚上她在长时间辛苦工作之后做饭。根据“my mm liked t make fd fr dinner”及首字母提示可知此处用made dinner表示“做饭”。故答案为dinner。
42. ckies 【解析】句意:那天晚上,我妈妈放了一盘鸡蛋、烤肠和烧焦的饼干在我爸爸面前。
根据后文“my dad just reached fr his ckies”可知此处用复数名词ckies表示“饼干”。故答案为ckies。
43. see【解析】句意:我等着看是否有人会说什么。此处用wait t d表示“等着做某事”,根据首字母提示可知用动词原形see表示“看”。故答案为see。
44. at 【解析】句意:然而我爸爸只是伸向他的饼干,朝着我妈妈微笑,问我在学校怎样。此处用动词短语smile at sb.表示“向某人微笑”;此处用介词at。故答案为at。
45. but【解析】句意:我不记得我那晚告诉了他什么,但是我清晰地记得我看着他吃完每一块饼干。前后句子是转折关系,此处用连词but表示“但是”。故答案为but。
46. burning 【解析】句意:那晚当我从桌子旁起身,我听到我妈妈因为烧焦的饼干给爸爸道歉。表示“道歉”用aplgize t sb. fr sth./ding;此处介词fr后面用名词或动名词;根据前文“burned”可知此处用动名词burning表示“烧焦”。故答案为burning。
47. said 【解析】句意:我永远不会忘记我爸爸说的话:“亲爱的,我喜欢烧焦的饼干。”根据引号内容可知此处用动词表示“说”;说话是过去发生的动作,用一般过去时态,此处用动词的过去式said。故答案为said。
48. asked【解析】句意:那晚的晚些时候,我去给爸爸道晚安,我问他是否他真的喜欢烧焦的饼干。
此处缺谓语动词,句子是一般过去时态。根据“if he really liked his burned ckies”及首字母提示可知此处用动词asked表示“问”。故答案为asked。
49. hard【解析】句意:今天你妈妈工作很辛苦。根据前文“after a lng, hard wrk”以及后文“she's very tired”可知此处用短语have a hard wrk表示“工作辛苦”。故答案为hard。
50. anyne/anybdy【解析】句意:而且,一点烧焦的饼干不会伤害任何人。根据never可知是否定,此处表示“任何人”用不定代词anyne或者anybdy。故答案为anyne/anybdy。
51. full【解析】句意:生活充满着不完美的事情和不完美的人。根据首字母提示可知用短语be full f表示“充满”。故答案为full。
52. need【解析】句意:我们需要学会接受每个人的过失,享受每个人的不同点。此处缺谓语动词,根据首字母提示可知此处用need t d表示“需要”。故答案为need。
Passage 12【2020•武汉市】
阅读下面短文,在空白处写出各单词的正确形式,单词的第一个字母已给出。
Byan Slat has ne huge gal. It's a gal that culd be gd fr peple and a____51____all ver the wrld. Amazingly, it lks like he's ging t m____52____his gal.
When he was 16 Dutch engineering student Slat was n vacatin in Greece, and he started t think abut all the rubbish that is p____53____nt beaches by water. The ceans arund the wrld are all f plastic—millins f tns f plastic. Unfrtunately, plastic desn't just disappear. It takes c____54____t break dwn (分解).
The p____55____situatin f the ceans is bad and wrrying and Slat wanted t d smething t change it. S he made it a persnal gal t clean up the rubbish in the wrld's ceans.
Slat started with an idea fr an unusual m____56____t "catch" the plastic flating (漂浮) in the water using the natural energy f the cean. He left schl in 2013 t begin wrk n his prject The Ocean Cleanup. Sn, the prject r____57____a lt f attentin.
A year later, he was leading a team f 100 scientists and engineers wrking n the inventin. Slat needed mney fr this, s he started asking peple t d____58____t his prject nline and raised ver $ 2 millin!
Sn after, Slat was named a "Champin f the Earth" by the United Natins fr his meaningful and v____59____ wrk. It's the mst imprtant title the UN gives t peple helping the envirnment. The Ocean Cleanup als wn several awards (奖项) fr having ne f the best inventins f 2015. But the d_____60_____ges n fr Slat. He hpes that the ceans will be free f plastic in abut twenty r thirty years.
这是一篇记叙文,主要讲述的是柏杨·史莱特看到海上的垃圾受到启发,立下一个目标:清理全世界海洋的垃圾。他努力朝着自己的目标努力,并被誉为“地球卫士”,他的发明也获得了多个奖项。
51. animals【解析】句意:这个目标可能有利于全世界的人和动物。根据“S he made it a persnal gal t clean up the rubbish in the wrld's ceans.”可知,他的目标是清理海洋垃圾,结合所给首字母a可推断,此处表达的是:这不仅有益于人类也有益于动物,animal动物,名词复数表示泛指,故答案是animals。
52. meet【解析】句意:令人惊讶的是,他好像要实现他的目标了。根据上文说到他有一个目标以及“Amazingly”可推断,这里要表达的是要实现这个目标了,meet ne’s gal实现某人的目标,固定短语,故答案是meet。
53. pushed【解析】句意:他开始思考所有被水冲到海滩上的垃圾。根据句意和常识可知,这里指的是垃圾被水冲到海滩上,结合所给的首字母p可联想到,具有该意思单词是push;本句是一般现在时的被动语态,所以push要变成过去分词pushed,故答案是pushed。
54. centuries【解析】句意:它需要花上几个世纪才能分解。根据句型“It takes (sb.) sme time t d sth.”可知,空处填的是表示时间的词;结合常识可知,有些塑料垃圾需要几百年才可能被分解,空处缺少的信息是:几百年;根据首字母提示,符合词意的单词是century百年,因为是概数,需要用复数表泛指,故答案是centuries。
55. present【解析】句意:海洋的现状很不好,令人非常担心,于是史莱特想做点什么来改变它。根据上文“Unfrtunately, plastic desn't just disappear. It takes centuries t break dwn.”可知,这里讲的是海洋的现状很糟糕,很令人担忧,空处缺少的信息是:现在的,当前的;根据首字母提示,符合词意的单词是present,故答案是present。
56. machine【解析】句意:史莱特开始于一个想法,用一个不寻常的机器利用海洋的天然能源来“抓住”飘在水里的垃圾。根据“wrking n the inventin”和“catch”可知,这里指的是可以抓垃圾的发明,结合常识和首字母推断,这里应该是机器machine;根据空前的“an”可知,此处用单数,故答案是machine。
57. received【解析】句意:很快,这个项目受到了很多人的关注。根据句意可知,这里指的是受到了许多人的关注,结合首字母,符合词意的单词是receive,因这里讲的是过去的事情,所以用过去式received,故答案是received。
58. dnate【解析】句意:史莱特需要钱来做这个,所以他开始号召人们在网上为他的项目募捐,并筹集了超过200万美元!根据“ raised ver $ 2 millin”可知,空格处指的是募捐,结合首字母,符合词意的单词是dnate,ask sb. t d sth.要求某人做某事,t后跟动词原形,故答案是dnate。
59. valuable【解析】句意:不久之后,史莱特因其有意义且有价值的工作被联合国任命为“地球卫士”。
根据“Champin f the Earth”可知,能授予这个称号,一定是这个发明是有意义有价值的,空处应该是有价值的,valuable有价值的,故答案是valuable。
60. dream【解析】句意:但是史莱特的梦想仍在继续。根据上文可知,他已经受到肯定并获得了许多奖项,空前有个“but”,结合“He hpes that the ceans will be free f plastic in abut twenty r thirty years.”可知,他的梦想仍在继续,dream梦想,根据“ges n”可知,此处用单数,故答案是dream。
Passage 13【2020•湖北省恩施州】
A new bridge was just pened n Oct. 24, 2018. It is the Hng Kng Zhuhai-Maca Bridge( HZMB). Its cnstructin b 56. in December, 2009 and it was pened t traffic n Oct.24, 2018. It csts ver 120 billin yuan . Nw, it's the lngest crss-sea bridge in the wrld. The bridge lks l 57. the letter “Y”. It's als regarded as ne f the seven wnders f the mdern wrld.
The HZMB is unique in many ways. It has a service life f 120 years, 20 years lnger t 58. mst bridges. It's nt nly a bridge but includes a tunnel and tw islands. In ne part, the bridge turns int a 6.7 km-lng undersea tunnel that passes thrugh tw man-made islands.
The HZMB will make it much f 59. t travel amng the three areas it cnnects. The Y-shapes bridge will cut travel t 60. between Hng Kng and Zhuhai frm three hurs t just 30 minutes.
本文主要介绍了港珠澳大桥的建立以及它的独特之处。
56.began【解析】句意:它于2009年12月开始建设,2018年10月24日正式通车。根据 it was pened t traffic n Oct.24, 2018.可知,先开始建设,然后通车,根据in December, 2009,此处用一般过去时,故填began。
57.like【解析】句意:这座大桥看起来像字母“Y”。lk like“看起来像”,故填like。
58.than【解析】句意:它的使用寿命为120年,比大多数桥梁长20年。根据lnger可知,此处是比较级,故填than。
59.faster【解析】句意:港珠澳大桥将使其连接的三个地区之间的交通更加快捷。根据后文的“The Y-shapes bridge will cut travel t 60 between Hng Kng and Zhuhai frm three hurs t just 30 minutes.”可知,这座大桥缩短了三个地区之间的旅行时间,因此更快了,根据much此处用比较级,故填faster。
60.time【解析】句意:这座Y形大桥将把香港和珠海之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到30分钟。根据“ frm three hurs t just 30 minutes.”可知,此处表示缩短了旅行时间,故填time。
【2019年】
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点1首字母填空
Passage 1(2019 •天津市)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整.每空限填一词。
The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa. faced a very big challenge(挑战).They didn't have a schl fr their kids.
Then the village elder thught f an (1)i dea . He said that there was an ld, abandned (废弃的)farmhuse. It culd be changed int classrms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. All the villagers were (2)p leased with his suggestin and started the prject immediately. The parents repaired the brken walls. Sme villagers (3)d ivided the huse int three classrms by using pieces f wd. The thers helped make desks and chairs fr the students. Still, there was much mre wrk t d. But the rains were cming. They had t (4)s tp wrking fr the schl as it was nw the best time fr them t plant.
S the children f Mhangeni decided t finish the huse by (5)t hemselves .They had t hurry as summer had ended and ther schls had already pened.They didn't want t delay(耽搁) their studies. Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).
The news abut the prject (6)s pread and many peple knew it. Tw teachers wh wrked fr the cuntry's Department f Educatin arrived t help ut. and tw freign visitrs were als tuched (感动) by the children's (7)a ctins .They dnated mney fr them t buy textbks and statinery.
After 10 days f hard wrk, the new schl was (8)r eady .The kids were very happy but a bit wrried﹣they were behind in their studies.
Besides(除…之外)this, they als faced many (9)d ifficulties .There were nt enugh classrms t hld all the students. And tw r three students had t share ne bk.
Hwever, the children are happy t study in schl﹣(10)e specially in their new schl which they helped t build. Thugh their schl might nt be mdern, their dream f having a schl near their hmes has cme true.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】非洲Mhangeni的村民面临一个严重的问题.他们村子没有学校,他们一起努力给孩子们建了一所学校,虽然学校很简陋,但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习.
1.idea 【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:村子里的老者想出来一个主意.i开头的单词,idea意见,想法.符合语境.故答案为:idea.
2.pleased 【解析】考查形容词;分析语境,此处表示:所有的村民对他的建议很满意,并开始开始了这个工厂.p开头的单词,pleased满意的,be pleased with对……满意.符合语境.故答案为:pleased.
3. divided 【解析】考查动词;分析语境,此处表示:有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室.d开头的单词,divide分开,divide……int把……分成……符合语境.根据语境,需要使用一般过去时,divide的过去式为divided.故答案为:divided.
4.stp 【解析】考查动词;分析语境,此处表示:他们不得不停止工作,因为现在对他们来说,是最好的种植的时间.s开头,stp停止,stp ding停止做.符合语境.had t后面接动词原形.故答案为:stp.
5.themselves 【解析】考查反身代词;分析语境,此处表示:所以,Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子,themselves他们自己,符合语境.故答案为:themselves.
6.spread 【解析】考查动词;此处意思为:关于这个项目的消息传播出去,很多人都知道它了.s开头,spread传播,符合语境.根据语境,此处需要用一般过去时,spread的过去式是spread.故答案为:spread.
7.actins 【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:而且,两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了.a开头的词,actin行动,可数名词,此处表示孩子们的行动,用可数名词的复数形式.故答案为:actins.
8.ready 【解析】考查形容词;分析语境,此处表示:经过10天的努力工作后,新学校已经准备好了.r开头的词,ready准备好的.符合语境.故答案为:ready.
9.difficulties 【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:除此之外,他们还面临了很多困难.d开头,difficulty困难,可数名词,前面有many,此处需要用名词复数形式.difficulty的复数形式是difficulties.故答案为:difficulties.
10.especially 【解析】考查副词;分析语境,此处表示:然而,孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里.e开头的词,especially尤其.符合语境.故答案为:especially.
【点评】此类题目,需要分析语境,并且需要熟记单词,再结合语法结构,便可得出正确答案.
Passage 2(2019 •湖北省武汉市)
阅读下面短文,在空白处写出各单词的正确形式,单词的第一个字母已给出。
It was at an exhibitin f the artist’s wrks rganized by the Red Crss. I was invited as a special g___51___t attend the exhibitin. During this perid, tw cute girls f 16 r 17 years ld came t me and asked me fr my signature(签名).
“I haven’t brught my pen. Is the p___52___kay?” Actually, I knew they wuldn’t r___53___. I just wanted t shw a well-knwn writer’s gd manners t the c___54___readers.
“Certainly,” the yung girls readily a___55___. I culd see they were very excited. Of curse, their excitement als made me feel mre pleased and satisfied. One f the girls h___56___her fine ntebk t me. I turned ver the cver f the ntebk, wrte a few wrds f encuragement n____57____and signed my name. The girl read my signature, frwned (皱眉), lked at me carefully and asked, “Aren’t yu Rbert Char?”
“N,” I tld her prudly, “I’m the authr f Alice Adams, the w___58___f tw Pulitzer Prizes.”
The yung girl turned t the ___59___,shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Mary, lend yur rubber t me.” At that mment, all my p____60____turned int a bubble (泡泡) immediately. Since then, I always warn myself: n matter hw utstanding yu are, dn’t think highly f yurself.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中,主要讲述我应邀参加红十字会举办的艺术家作品展,之前我非常的自豪和骄傲。两个小女孩找我要签名,我给其中一个女孩签完名后,女孩非常吃惊,我不是罗伯特查尔,我在那里自夸自己获得两次普利策奖。然而这个小女孩向另一个小女孩借了橡皮擦掉了我的签名。自此,作者经常警示自己:无论你多么优秀,不要过高地赞扬你自己。
51. guest 句意“我作为一个特邀嘉宾参加了这个展览”。根据句意可知,表示“特邀嘉宾”。guest客人,且根据空前a可知,用单数,故填guest。
52. pencil 句意“我没带钢笔,铅笔可以吗?”。根据Mary, lend yur rubber t me可知,一个女孩向另一个女孩借橡皮擦我的签名,所以空处表示“铅笔”。pencil铅笔,且根据is可知,用单数,故填pencil。
53. refuse 句意“事实上,我知道他们不会拒绝”。根据I just wanted t shw a well-knwn writer’s gd manners t the c___4___readers可知,我认为她们不会拒绝,我只想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为。refuse拒绝,且根据空前wuldn’t可知,用动词原形,故填refuse。
54. cmmn 句意“我仅仅想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为”。根据首字母可知,表示“普通的读者”。cmmn普通的,故填cmmn。
55. agreed 句意““当然”,这个小女孩很乐意地同意了”。根据文意可知,我没有带钢笔,所以问他们铅笔可不可以,他们同意用铅笔。agree同意,且根据全文可知,用一般过去时,故填agreed。
56. handed 句意“其中的一个小女孩将她精美的笔记本递给我”。根据文意可知,小女孩找我要签名,所以他们将本子递给我。hand递,且根据全文可知,用一般过去时,故填handed。
57. naturally 句意“我翻开笔记本的封面,自然而然地写了几个鼓励的词并且签了我的名字”。根据句意可知,表示很自然地写下几个鼓励的单词,且空处修饰动词wrte,用副词,故填naturally。
58. winner 句意“我是《寂寞芳心》的作者,两次普利策奖的获得者”。根据I tld her prudly可知,表示我很自豪地告诉他们我是两次普利策奖的获奖者。winner赢家,获奖者,都是指“我”,用单数,故填winner。
59. ther 句意“这个年轻的女孩转向另一个女孩,耸耸肩说:把你的橡皮借给我”。根据During this perid, tw cute girls f 16 r 17 years ld came t me and asked me fr my signature可知,是两个女孩,所以表示“两者中另一个”,用the ther,故填ther。
60. pride 句意“在那个时候,所有我的自豪立刻都变成了泡沫”。根据I just wanted t shw a well-knwn writer’s gd manners t the c___4___readers以及“N,” I tld her prudly可知,之前我很自豪,所以我的自豪变成了泡沫。根据空前my可知,空处用名词。pride自豪,故填pride。
Passage 3(2019 •泰州市)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,补全空格内单词,使短文完整、通顺。
Everyne knws that secnd-hand smke is as dangerus as first-hand smke. But have yu h_____71_____ f "third-hand" smke?
Third-hand smke means the pllutin left n the surfaces (表面) f things arund, l______72______ furniture r clthes. When smene smkes in a rm, pisnus particles(粒子) in tbacc (烟草) smke land n the surfaces f the furniture r his clthes, even after the cigarette (香烟) has been put ut. This can cause a great danger t yur family, e_____73_____yunger children.
Babies have nly just learned t walk. They are mre likely t be harmed by third-hand smke. This is b_____74_____ they are ften clse t surfaces f things. Such as flrs, walls and furniture where tbacc particles remain. When they t_____75_____ these surfaces, they get their hands plluted.
S, it is necessary and imprtant t say n_____76_____ t third-hand smke. T achieve this, strict r_____77_____ fr frbidding (禁止) smking inside hmes shuld be carved ut. If ne f yur family members smkes, please make sure he smkes ____78____ the huse. Get him a special jacket and hat, s nce he f_____79_____ smking, he will take them ff befre getting inside the huse. Mrever, make sure that a smker washes his hands and face, and changes his clthes befre picking up the baby.
Many times, yu cannt see the smke ding harm t yur child, but it desn't mean he r she is s_______80_______". Give up smking, r if that is nt pssible, make sure that yur lved nes, far away frm third-hand smke.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文介绍了“三手”烟的危害。“三手”烟是指:附着在家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的烟草颗粒。这会对家庭,尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。因为婴儿刚学会走路,当他们接触这些表面时,他们的手会受到污染。因此对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。应该制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。
71. heard 句意:但是你听说过“三手”烟吗?由语境和首字母提示可知,填:hear;hear f:听说。分析句子But have yu h_____71_____ f "third-hand" smke?的结构可知,本题为现在完成时的一般疑问句,其结构是:助动词has/have+动词的过去分词。故答案为:heard。
72. like 句意:第“三手”烟是指家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的污染物。由语境和首字母提示可知,填:like;like在这里用来表示举例,所以答案为:like。
73. especially 句意:这会对你的家庭,尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。由语境和首字母提示可知,填:especially;especially是个副词,表示陈述某一事实之后,列举一个具有代表性的例子,作进一步强调,其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是这种用法,用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子(yunger children),来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。故答案为:especially。
74. because 句意:这是因为它们经常接近如地板、墙壁和家具上残留着烟草颗粒的物体的表面。由语境和首字母提示可知,填:because;根据Babies have nly just learned t walk. They are mre likely t be harmed by third-hand smke. 婴儿刚学会走路。他们更有可能受到第三手烟的伤害。可知,因为婴儿刚学会走路,所以他们会扶着这些物体,因此接触的机会就多,因此会受到危害。这里解释了婴儿受到危害的原因,故答案为:because。
75. tuch 句意:当他们接触这些表面时,他们的手会受到污染。由语境和首字母提示可知,填:tuch;主句they get their hands plluted. 他们的手会受到污染。可知,本题的时态为一般现在时,因此再由when引导的时间状语从句中也用一般现在时,主语they是复数,因此谓语用动词原形。故答案为:tuch。
76. n 句意:所以,对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。由语境和首字母提示可知,填:n;say n t:对……说“不”;这里是指拒绝三手烟。故答案为:n。
77. rules 句意:为此,应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知,填:rule;根据frbidding (禁止) smking inside hmes禁止在家里吸烟,中的hmes是复数,因此前面的名词应该用复数形式。故答案为:rules。
78. utside 句意:如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的,请确保他在屋外吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知,填:utside;根据T achieve this, strict r_____77_____ fr frbidding (禁止) smking inside hmes shuld be carved ut. 应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。可知,如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的,应该是让他在屋外吸烟。故答案为:utside。
79. finished 句意:给他买一件特别的夹克和帽子,等他抽完烟,他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。由语境和首字母提示可知,填:finish;根据he will take them ff befre getting inside the huse. 他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。可知,进屋前,烟已经吸完了,因此动作是发生在过去。故用一般过去时,所以答案为:finished。
80. safe 句意:很多时候,你看不到烟对你的孩子有害,但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。由语境和首字母提示可知,填:safe;根据but表示转折,说明:尽管看不到烟对孩子的危害,但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。因此才有了下文的Give up smking, r if that is nt pssible, make sure that yur lved nes, far away frm third-hand smke. 戒烟,或者如果不可能的话,确保你所爱的人远离三手烟。所以答案为:safe。
【点睛】
英语首字母填空技巧
1. 通读短文知大意,看整体全面了解来源:
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样,首先要通读短文,了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成,只要能了解短文的大意即可,细节不理解可以跳过。因此,在解题之前通读一遍短文,目的是对文章有个全面的了解,弄清其中心思想和大意。
2. 复读短文抓信息,前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文,目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头(一般不设空)和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中,要注意上、下文的关系,这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外,要学会跳读,即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式,待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题,有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的,这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测,来确定它的词义。
3. 反复推敲多分析,慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文,对留空的句子进行全面的分析,看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读,要留心找出关键词、短语或句子,还要结合所给首字母的提示,进行填写,并注意单词的正确形式。例如:第3小题,句意:这会对你的家庭,尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。由语境和首字母提示可知,填:especially;especially是个副词,表示陈述某一事实之后,列举一个具有代表性的例子,作进一步强调,其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是这种用法,用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子(yunger children),来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。故答案为:especially。
4. 认真复查全文,把握整体和词形来源:
做完以后,再认真读一遍,检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符,文章是否通顺,前后是否呼应,有无句型结构及语法错误。
Passage 5(2019 •四川省南充市)
根据短文内容和首字母提示,把文中所缺词语补充出来,使短文完整正确(每空限填一词),并将该单词的完整形式写在答题卡相应编号后的横线上。
In sme western cuntries, sme peple dn't like the number 13 because they think 13 is an unlucky number. Fr example, they dn't like t live n the thirteenth flr. One evening, Mr. Smith asked sme friends t get t ______56______ . When all f his friends arrived, he asked them t sit at the table fr d______57______. He began t c______58______ the peple. Suddenly, he cried ut, "Oh, there are thirteen peple here!" Everyne's face lked pale e ______59______ Mr. Brwn. He said with a smile, "Dn't wn't, my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. S we have f ______60______ peple here." All f the friends became happy again. "Cngratulatins!" they said t Mr. Brwn. They all had a gd time that evening.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了在西方国家人们都不喜欢数字13,文中讲述了一个有趣的故事。
56. tgether 句意:一天晚上,史密斯先生让几个朋友聚在一起。根据文中Mr. Smith asked sme friends t可知这里是聚在一起。短语get tgether表示聚在一起。根据句意,故填tgether。
57. dinner 句意:当他所有的朋友都到了,他请他们坐在桌旁吃饭。根据One evening, 和he asked them t sit at the table可知下文是他请他们坐在桌旁吃饭。dinner晚饭。根据句意,故填dinner。
58. cunt 句意:他开始数人数。根据下文he cried ut, "Oh, there are thirteen peple here!"可知上文是说说数数字。cunt的意思是“数数”根据句意,故填cunt。
59. except 句意:除了布朗先生,每个人的脸都显得苍白。except的意思是“除了”根据下文He said with a smile, "Dn't wnt', my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. S we have f ______60______ peple here."可知这里是除了Mr. Brwn。根据题意,故填except。
60. furteen 句意:所以我们这里有14个人。根据上文Dn't wnt', my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks.可知这里是说14个人。根据句意,故填furteen。
Passage 6(2019 •江苏省连云港市)
根据短文意思和首字母提示,写出一个完整正确的单词。
Every year in early Octber, Albuquerque Internatinal Balln Festival is h _____51_____ in Albuquerque, the biggest city in New Mexic. Because f the great number f ballns, it is the wrld's 1 ______52______ ballning event. Fr mre than 30 years, guests frm all ver the wrld cme t Albuquerque in Octber t celebrate ballning. In 2018, ver 900, 000 peple a_____53_____ this event. There were ver 500 ballns in the event with ver 1,000 pilts. When h ______54______ f clrful ballns flew up high, the sky f Albuquerque became a mving cartn. It was full f clrs and special characters. It was a time when d ______55______came true and rmance filled the sky. Grwn-ups and children were amazed and jyful during the balln festival.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中,主要讲述阿尔伯克基国际气球节,成年人和孩子们在节日上玩得都很开心。
51. held 句意“每年10月份早期,阿尔伯克基国际气球节在新墨西哥州的阿尔伯克基举行”。根据句意可知,译为“举行”。hld举行,且主语Albuquerque Internatinal Balln Festival与谓语hld之间被动be dne,故填held。
52. largest 句意“由于大量的气球,这是世界上最大的气球事件”。根据Fr mre than 30 years, guests frm all ver the wrld cme t Albuquerque in Octber t celebrate ballning可知,译为最大的,用最高级,故填largest。
53. attended 句意“在2018年,超过90万人参加了这个事件”。根据句意可知,译为“参加”。attend参加,且根据in 2018可知,用一般过去时,故填attended。
54. hundreds 句意“当成百上千个五彩缤纷的气球飞向天空时,阿尔伯克基的天空变成了移动的卡通”。根据句意可知,译为“成百上千”,hundreds f成百上千的,故填hundreds。
55. dreams 句意“那是一个梦想成真、浪漫弥漫的时刻”。根据句意可知,译为“梦想成真”。dream梦想,且根据句意可知,用复数,故填dreams。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点1首字母填空
Passage 1(2019 •江苏省南京市)
请根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为(1)-(10)的相应位置上。
Chinese writing is ne f the wrld's greatest writing systems. It is mre w(1) in use than alphabetic(字母的) writing systems. Mre than half f the wrld's bks are written in Chinese, including histrical writings and nvels, alng with writings n gvernment and law.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture﹣based 1 (2) . It dates back several thusand years t the u(3) se f animal bnes and shells n which symbls were carved (刻) by ancient Chinese peple.Sme f the ancient symbls can still be seen in t (4) hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbls had becme a well﹣develped writing system, Over the years, the system develped int different frms, as it was a time when peple were d(5) gegraphically, leading t different dialects( 方言) and characters. This, hwever, c(6) under Emperr Qishihuang f the Qin Dynasty.
Emperr Qinshihuang united(统一)the seven majr states int ne cuntry where the Chinese writing system began t develp in ne directin. That writing system was f great i(7) in uniting the Chinese peple and culture. Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak, they can all still c(8) mmunicate in writing. Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant methd t c (9) China's present with its past. Peple in mdern times can read the classic wrks which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
Tday, Chinese writing system is still an imprtant part f Chinese culture, As China plays a g(10) rle in the wrld, an increasing number f internatinal students are beginning t appreciate( 欣赏) China's culture thrugh this amazing language. Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it ges.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】文章介绍了中文写作系统历史发展。
(1)widely 考查副词.根据意思:它的使用比字母书写系统更为广泛。副词修饰动词,故填:widely。
(2)language 考查名词.根据意思:起初,书面汉语是一种基于图片的语言。填名词单数,语言language。故填:language。
(3)use 考查动词。根据意思:中国古代人在动物的骨头和贝壳上刻上符号可以追溯到几千年前。the use f...的使用,故填:use。
(4)tday's 考查所有格。根据意思:在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到一些古老的符号,今天的tday's。故填:tday's。
(5)divided 考查动词。根据意思:多年来,这个体系发展成不同的形式,就像人们被隔离的时代一样。被动语态be dne,故填divided。
(6)changed 考查动词。根据意思:然而,这在秦始皇统治下发生了变化。一般过去时态,故填changed.
(7)imprtance 考查名词。根据意思:这一写作体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。be f great imprtance 有重要意义。故填imprtance。
(8)cmmunicate 考查动词。根据意思:他们仍然可以书面交流。can后面加动词原形。故填cmmunicate。
(9)cnnect 考查动词.根据意思:书面汉语也成为把中国现在和过去联系起来的重要方法。t d不定式,故填cnnect。
(10)great 考查形容词。根据意思:中国在世界上发挥着巨大的作用,形容词修饰名词,故填great。
Passage 2(2019 •湖北省咸宁市)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处写出适当的单词,单词首字母已给出。[有的词请注意词形的变化!]
Cnfucius is the greatest teacher in Chinese histry. He was brn n S___41___28th. 511B.C. in the Kingdm f Lu. in tday’s Shandng Prvince. When he was yung, he and his mther had a hard l____42____. At the age f fifteen, he began t learn music, and he did well in it. Then he went n l___43___ther subjects. When he was thirty, he b___44___a teacher. He started his wn schl. He believed everyne shuld have a chance t get educatin whether they were r___45___r pr. He had abut, 3,000 s___46___and many f them became famus.
Chinese see Cnfucius as the greatest thinker w___47___had many wise ideas abut human nature and behavir. And he is als regarded a___48___the greatest teacher. His mst imprtant ideas are abut kindness and g___49___manners. He said yung peple shuld t____50____care f the ld. Peple shuld nt nly always think f themselves, but wrk fr ____51____. His ideas are arund in peple’s everyday life. Tday peple can still hear the ideas, and they even g far int east a____52____suth Asia.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文介绍了中国的伟大思想家——孔子。孔子生于公元前511年的鲁国。年轻时和母亲过着艰苦的生活。三十岁时当了老师。他相信每个人都应该有机会接受教育,不管他们是富人还是穷人。中国人认为孔子是最伟大的思想家。对人性和行为有很多明智的想法。他说年轻人应该照顾老人。人们不应该总是想着自己,而应该为他人工作。
41. September 句意:他出生于9月28日。公元前511年的鲁国。由语境和首字母提示可知,填September;这里是指9月28号。所以答案为:September。
42. life 句意:当他年轻时,他和他母亲过着艰苦的生活。由语境和首字母提示可知,填life;had a hard life:过着艰苦的生活。所以答案为:life。
43. learning 句意:然后他继续学习其他科目。由语境和首字母提示可知,填learn;g n ding sth.继续做某事。n是介词,后跟动名词。所以答案为:learning。
44. became 句意:他三十岁时当了老师。由语境和首字母提示可知,填becme;根据When he was thirty, 当他三十岁时。成为了老师,这一动作发生在过去,因此应该用一般过去时。故答案为:became。
45. rich 句意:他相信每个人都应该有机会接受教育,不管他们是富人还是穷人。由语境和首字母提示可知,填rich;根据后面的形容词pr“穷的”,和前面的表示选择关系的r可知,前面应该用于pr意义相反的形容词,那就是rich。语境是:不论穷人还是富人都应该有机会接受教育。故答案为:rich。
46. students 句意:他有大约3000名学生,其中许多人出名了。由语境和首字母提示可知,填student;根据数字3,000可知,后面的可数名词应该用复数,故答案为:students。
47. wh 句意:中国人认为孔子是最伟大的思想家。对人性和行为有很多明智的想法。由语境和首字母提示可知,填wh;本题考查定语从句。本题的先行词是the greatest thinker,是指人的,因此用引导词wh来引导。故答案为:wh。
48. as 句意:他也被认为是最伟大的老师。由语境和首字母提示可知,填as;regard as:视为。语境是:人们认为孔子是最伟大的老师。故答案为:as。
49. gd/great 句意:他最重要的思想是善良和礼貌。由and前面的形容词kindness可知,and 后面的词也应该是一个形容词。在结合首字母提示可知,填gd/great;是指良好的行为,即:礼貌。所以本题的答案为:gd/great。
50. take 句意:他说年轻人应该照顾老人。由语境和首字母提示可知,填take;take care f:关心,照顾。shuld是情态动词,后跟动词原形。故填:take。
51. thers 句意:人们不应该总是想着自己,而应该为他人工作。由语境和首字母提示可知,填thers;根据think f themselves想着自己,和后面的but可知,此处是指转折,语境是:人们不应该总是想着自己,而应该为他人工作。所以答案为:thers。
52. and 句意:今天,人们仍然可以听到这些想法,他们甚至深入到东亚和南亚。由语境和首字母提示可知,填and;east a__12__ suth Asia.是表示地点的,而且表示并列关系。因此用and 来连接。故答案为:and。
Passage 3(2019 •襄阳市)
阅读下面的短文,根据短文内容及首字母提示,在短文空白处填入一个恰当的词,使短文内容完整,通顺。
Mst adults find it hard t remember the things happened while they were children. Nw scientists have fund exactly when these memries d___51___.
A new study has fund that mst three-year-ld children can remember a lt f what happened t them a year e___52___,and these memries are still clear while they are 5 and 6, but by the time they are ver 7, these memries becme weaker r___53___.
Mst children by the age f 8 r 9 can nly remember 35% f their e___54___ frm under the age f 3 accrding t the new studies.
The scientists say this is because at arund this age the way we frm(形成)memries begins t change. They say that befre the age f 7 children d nt have a s___55___f time and place in their memries. In lder children, hwever, the early things they can remember becme mre adult-like in the way they are frmed. Children als have a far faster speed f f ___56___ than adults. The discveries als help t explain why children can ften have clear memries f what they have dne, b___57___ then frget them just several years later.
The children were rganized t the labratry fr the first time at the age f 3 and discussed 6 impressed(印象深刻的)things frm their past, such as the first relaxing trip with yur family, the first d___58___ accident yu met, and the first day f schl. The children then returned fr a secnd s___59___between the ages f 5 and 9 t discuss the same things. The scientists fund that between the ages f 5 and 7,the amunt(量)f memries that the children culd remember r ___60___ between 63%-72%. Hwever, between the ages f 8 t 9, the amunt f memries that the children culd remember fell t between 35%--36%.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文是说明文。对许多成年人来说,很难回忆起儿时的一些经历。一项研究表明,我们的记忆力的变化与年龄有关。
51. disappeared 考查动词。根据上文Mst adults find it hard t remember the things happened while they were children. 大多数成年人发现很难记住他们小时候发生的事情。结合Nw scientists have fund exactly when these memries d___51___. 可知是现在科学家们已经找到了这些记忆消失的确切时间。“消失”disappear,由语境可知这里时态用一般过去时,故答案填disappeared。
52. earlier 考查形容词。根据上文mst three-year-ld children can remember a lt f大多数三岁的孩子都能记住很多事情,结合首字母提示以及what happened t them a year e___52___,可知此处指的是一年前发生在他们身上的事,a year earlier“一年前”,故答案填earlier。
53. rapidly 考查副词。根据上文these memries are still clear while they are 5 and 6,这些记忆在他们5岁和6岁的时候仍然清晰,由转折词but,再结合首字母提示,可知此处句意为:但当他们超过7岁时,这些记忆会迅速减弱。“迅速地”rapidly,副词,修饰前面的动词,故答案填rapidly。
54. experience 考查名词。根据Mst children by the age f 8 r 9 can nly remember 35% f their e___54___ frm under the age f 3 accrding t the new studies. 结合语境及首字母提示:根据新的研究,大多数8岁或9岁的孩子仅仅能记住他们3岁以下35%的……。可知此处表达的是“经历、经验”,英文表达是experience,在这里用作不可数名词,故答案填experience。
55. sense 考查名词。根据They say that befre the age f 7 children d nt have a s___55___f time and place in their memries. 结合语境及首字母提示:他们说,7岁以前的孩子在记忆中没有时间和地点的……。可知此处表达的是“概念、观念”sense,前面有不定冠词a,所以用其单数形式,故答案填sense。
56. frgetting 考查动词。根据下文then frget them just several years later.几年后他们就会忘记,结合Children als have a far faster speed f f___56___ than adults.可知孩子 遗忘速度也比成年人快得多。“忘记”frget,动词,f是介词后接动词的ing形式,故答案填frgetting。
57. but 考查连词。根据上文children can ften have clear memries f what they have dne,以及then frget them just several years later. 可知前后句之间是转折关系,结合首字母提示可知应用连词but,句意为:孩子们常常对他们所做的事情有清晰的记忆,但几年后就会忘记。故答案填but。
58. dancing(本题答案不唯一,只要符合语境和题意即可。)考查动名词。根据上文 the first relaxing trip with yur family, 以及下文and the first day f schl.结合the first d___58___ accident yu met, 可推知此处句意是第一次遇见……的意外,由首字母提示可知,答案可以填“跳舞”dancing。(本题答案不唯一,只要符合语境和题意即可。)
59. sessin 考查动词。根据前面的关键词return“返回”,以及后面的t discuss the same things“去讨论同样的事情”,可知这里表达的是“开会、聚集”,secnd sessin“再次聚集、开会”,句意为:然后,孩子们在5岁到9岁之间再次返回来讨论同样的问题。故答案填sessin。
60. remained 考查动词。根据The scientists fund that between the ages f 5 and 7,the amunt(量)f memries that the children culd remember r ___60___ between 63%-72%.结合语境:科学家发现,5岁和7岁之间年龄段的孩子,能记住的记忆量……在63%-72%之间。可知此处表达的是“保持”remain,由主句中的fund可知句子时态用一般过去时,所以这里应用remain的过去式remained,故答案填remained。
【点睛】
本题为短文填空,首先要快速浏览全文,理解短文的大致意思,再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的首字母提示填写合适的词语。如,第56小题根据下文then frget them just several years later.几年后他们就会忘记,结合Children als have a far faster speed f f___56___ than adults.可知孩子的遗忘速度也比成年人快得多。“忘记”frget,动词,f是介词后接动词的ing形式,故答案填frgetting。第7小题,根据上文children can ften have clear memries f what they have dne,以及then frget them just several years later. 可知前后句之间是转折关系,结合首字母提示可知应用连词but,句意为:孩子们常常对他们所做的事情有清晰的记忆,但几年后就会忘记。故答案填but。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点1首字母填空
Passage 1(2019 •大庆市)
Fill in each blank with a prper wrd with the help f the first letter.
A lt f peple are crazy ding shpping thrugh the Internet nw. Why is it s p___61___? There are sme r___62___ .First, mre and mre peple have their wn cmputers and their cmputers can be jined with the Internet. S it is pssible f___63___ many f them t d shpping thrugh the Internet . S___64___,shpping thrugh the Internet can save them sme m___65___and a lt f time. Third, they dn’t need t g t the shp themselves . Because f these gd facts, few peple refuse it.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】短文介绍了网上购物受欢迎的三个原因:通过电脑就可以完成网上购物,通过互联网购物可以节省一些钱和大量时间,购物者不需要自己去商店。
61. ppular 句意:为什么这么受欢迎?根据前面的句子“A lt f peple are crazy ding shpping thrugh the Internet nw”很多人都痴迷于网上购物,可知网上购物非常受欢迎,此句是询问网上购物受欢迎的原因,故答案为ppular。
62. reasns 句意:有一些原因。上句是询问原因,此句给出受欢迎的理由,根据are判断,名词要用复数形式,故答案为reasns。
63. fr 句意:因此对于他们中的许多人来说通过互联网购物是可行的。It’s +adj.+fr sb. + t d sth.是英语中常用句型,意思是“做某事对某人来说怎么样”,根据首字母提示以及句意可知,答案为fr。
64. Secnd 句意:第二,通过互联网购物可以节省他们一些钱和大量时间。根据前后的First, Third判断,此处是提出第二个理由,故答案为Secnd。
65. mney 句意:第二,通过互联网购物可以节省他们一些钱和大量时间。网上购物较便宜,可以节省一些钱,故答案为mney。
【点评】此类题目,需要分析语境,并且需要熟记单词,再结合语法结构,便可得出正确答案.
Passage 2(2019 •广元)
阅读短文,根据短文内容和首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。请将单词填写在答题卡上的相应位置。
Have yu ever heard f the train N. 6063? It links (连接) thirty-eight s___80___ alng the way frm Baji f Shanxi t Guangyuan f Sichuan. It passes by twenty-fur schls, s there are always many students taking the train. The students live in muntainus areas. And they need t take the train b___81___ schls and hmes every week. It always takes a lng time fr them t g t schl and g hme n the train. In rder t help them, the head f the train Xiang Fei decided t d smething fr the children. He and ther wrkers s___82___ several hurs turning ne f the carriages int a special student carriage. There are big desks and a library. Many kind-hearted peple gave away ___83___ 300 new bks t this library. Students can read all kinds f bks, d their hmewrk and talk with students frm ther schls n the train.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文介绍了往返于宝鸡和广元的6063次列车。它连接了38个火车站,经过24 所学校,每周经常有学生乘坐该列车往返于学校和家之间。列车长为孩子们开辟了学生专用车厢,爱心人士赠送了300多本书供他们阅读。
80. statins 句意:该次列车连接了从陕西宝鸡到四川广元的沿途38个火车站。根据第一句中“一列火车”可知连接的是火车站,由38可知是复数,故填statins。
81. between 句意:他们每周需要乘火车往返于学校和家乡之间。短语“between…and…”意为“在……和……之间”,故填between。
82. spent 句意:他和其他工人们花费了几个小时把一节车厢改成了一节学生专用车厢。短语“spend sme time ding sth.”(花费一些时间做某事),根据上文可知 过去时态,用过去式spent。
83. ver 句意:很多爱心人士给这家图书馆赠送了300多本新书。根据数字300可知是“三百多”,用介词ver。
Passage 3(2019 •南通市)
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
Nthing is impssible t a willing heart. A shrt vide abut seven peple wearing prsthetic devices(人造装置) wh t___66___ n a desert race challenge has becme ppular.
The seven disabled peple j___67___in the 108-kilmeter desert race frm May 11 t 14 in Dunhuang, Nrthwest China’s Gansu Prvince. Six f the seven had ne leg amputated(截肢),and ___68___had tw legs amputated.
Cheng Bajun, a man frm Luhe, Central China’s Henan Prvince, the duble amputee, said he never i___69___ he culd take part in the desert race. “It is great, I can d it, and yu can als. ” “It is easy t say, but walking it is h___70___. ” Cheng said. On the first day, they finished a cmplete sectin f 27 kilmeters f the race, and n the secnd day, they finished 20 kilmeters.
“My legs were painful while I was walking. We als met with a very big sandstrm n the way. But s ____71____ it was a challenge, we culd nt give up. We all encuraged each ther t cntinue. ” he said. After getting t___72___, they rested n the third day and walked n the furth.
La Tngyi walked the lngest f the grup, a distance f mre than 70 kilmeters. Team leader SunNaicheng said that they had t p___73___ thrugh depulatin (人烟稀少) areas f the Gbi Desert. He als added that team members challenged themselves and realized their d ___74___.
They are gd e ___75___fr everyne t learn frm. It’s up t yu hw far yu g. If yu dn’t try, yu will never knw.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了一段关于七个人戴着假肢参加沙漠竞赛的视频已经很流行了。告诉我们有志者事竟成。
66. tk 句意:一个关于七个人戴着假肢参加沙漠竞赛的短片已经很流行了。短语take n a desert race challenge参加挑战沙漠竞赛。这里是一般过去时态,take的过去式是tk。根据句意,故填tk。
67. jined 句意:7名残疾人参加了5月11日至14日在敦煌举行的108公里沙漠竞赛。jin in…参加……。这里是一般过去时态,jined,根据题意,故填jined。
68. thers 句意:七名患者中有六名一条腿被截肢,其他人则两条被截肢。Six f the seven had ne leg amputated(截肢)可知下文是其他的。根据句意,故填thers。
69. imagined 句意:来自中国中部河南省洛河市的双重截肢者程宝军(音)说,他从来没有想过自己能参加沙漠赛跑。这里是一般过去时态,imagine的意思是“想象”,imagine的过去式imagined。根据题意,故填imagined。
70. hard 句意:程说:“说起来容易,走起来难。”根据上文It is easy t say hard可知下文是是难的。根据句意,故填hard。
71. since 句意:我们在途中还遇到了一场很大的沙尘暴。但由于这是一个挑战,我们不能放弃。根据下文it was a challenge, we culd nt give up可知这里是表示原因,用since。根据句意,故填since。
72. tired 句意:他们累了,第三天休息,第四天走。Tired的意思是“累人的”,根据句意,故填tired。
73. pass 句意:组长孙乃成说,他们必须通过戈壁沙漠的人烟稀少的区域。根据下文thrugh depulatin (人烟稀少) areas f the Gbi Desert.可知这里是通过的意思。have t d sth.表示不得不做某事;pass意思是“通过”,根据句意,故填pass。
74. dream 句意:他还补充说,团队成员挑战自己,实现了自己的梦想。这里是说实现梦想。短语realize ne’s dream表示实现某人的梦想。根据句意,故填dream。
75. examples 句意:他们是每个人学习的好榜样。主语是They,这里表语用复数,examples的意思是“榜样”,根据句意,故填examples。
Passage 4(2019 •镇江市)
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词, 使短文意思完整, 每空一词。
As I entered an internatinal high schl, all my friends felt surprised at my shrt hair. This is because, my ld schl thinks teenage y___46___ aren’t the time fr lking pretty. Then I clured my hair blue. Fr the first time, I felt free and beautiful. This internatinal schl s___47___ t meet my needs.
I had a t___48___ educatin backgrund. I went t public schls, received nrmal (常规的) educatin and was required t fllw r___49___ like every ther student. Later, I began t wnder w___50___ this educatin was truly suitable fr me.
Hwever, in the new schl my high hpes were nt met. Fr a while, I fund myself in a surprising situatin as I faced befre. It was s___51___ the biggest challenge I faced in my educatin-the freedm t try new things. In the ld system, I was strngly advised a___52___ trying new things. But in my new schl, it wrked the ppsite way-we had many chances t try new things. But if I f___53___, I must be respnsible (负责任的) because I put myself in such risk. Finally, it led me t get int truble again.
As time went by, I started t find my ___54___ balance. In fact, nne f the educatin systems in the wrld are perfect. I am l___55___ enugh t have a chance t bring great value frm bth systems tgether. As a result, I've built a system fr myself.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】这篇短文作者讲述了他经历的两种完全不同的教育体系,他原来的学校限制学生们的自由,要求学生们遵守很多的规则,反对学生们尝试新事物;而新学校正好相反。随着时间的推移,作者也意识到没有哪种教育体系是完美的,将不同体系的价值结合在一起,形成自己的体系,作者感到自己很幸运。
46. yuth 句意:这是因为我原来的学校认为青少年时期不是好看的时候。根据句意aren't the time fr lking pretty可知,这里应指的是“青少年时期”,单词的首字母是y,由此可猜到应填yuth,意为“青年,青少年时期”。
47. seems 句意:这个国际学校好像满足了我的需要。根据句意和首字母可知,这里应填seem,意为“似乎,好像”,后面常跟动词不定式,seem t d sth.“好像做某事”。短文第一段使用的是一般现在时态,主语The internatinal schl是单数,故动词应变为三单形式,填seems。
48. terrible 句意:我的教育背景很糟糕。根据下文I went t public schls, received nrmal (常规的) educatin and was required t fllw r___4___ like every ther student. Later, I began t wnder w___5___ this educatin was truly suitable fr me.可知,作者对自己在从前的学校里接受的教育表示怀疑,不知道那种教育是不是适合“我”。结合首字母可知,这里应填terrible,“糟糕的”。
49. rules 句意:我上公立学校,接受常规的教育,像每一个其他的学生一样被要求遵守规则。根据句意fllw….“遵守…”和首字母r可知,这里应表示“遵守规则”,应用名词rule,且学生们遵守的规则是有很多的,故应填复数形式rules。
50. whether 句意:后来,我开始想知道这种教育是否真正适合我。根据句意I began t wnder…和文意可知,作者不知道这种教育是不是适合他,故这里填whether,意为“是否”,引导宾语从句。
51. surprising 句意:真的很令人吃惊,我在教育中面临的最大挑战是尝试新事物的自由。根据上句话Fr a while, I fund myself in a surprising situatin as I faced befre.可知,这里作者说的是在新学校里让他吃惊的事,故应填surprising,形容词,“令人吃惊的”,在句中作表语。
52. against 句意:在旧的体系里,我被建议说反对尝试新事物。根据文意可知,作者接受的新旧两个教育体系是不一样的,下句话But in my new schl, it wrked the ppsite way-we had many chances t try new things.“新学校鼓励学生们尝试新事物”,因此原来的学校是反对的,故这里填against,“反对,违抗”。
53. fail 句意:但是如果我失败了,我必须要负责任,因为我把自己置于这样的风险之中。根据句意I must be respnsible可知,这里表示“假如失败的话”,应用fail,是一个动词。这一段使用的是一般现在时,主语为I,故动词填原形。
54. wn 句意:随着时间的推移,我开始找到了我自己的平衡。根据文意和首字母可知,这里应填wn,意为“某人自己的”,常和形容词性物主代词搭配使用。
55. lucky 句意:我很幸运有机会将两个体系的巨大价值结合在一起。根据文意和句意t have a chance t bring great value frm bth systems tgether.可知,作者经历了两种教育体系,将他们的家长结合在一起,作者是非常幸运的。故这里应填lucky,是一个形容词,意为“幸运的”。
【点睛】
这篇短文作者通过对比他经历的两种完全相反的教育体系,告诉我们每一种教育体系都有它自己的优点和缺点,没有哪种是完美的。短文主题明确,结构清晰,文章中作者通过对比、举例的方式,使学生们更容易理解文章的内容。题型是短文填空,要求根据文意以及单词的首字母,填写适当的单词,并注意使用其正确的形式。做题时,应先通读短文,了解文章大意;然后根据首字母提示填写单词,再根据句中使用的句型、单词的作用等,变化其正确的形式。例如第4小题,根据句意fllw….“遵守…”和首字母r可知,这里应表示“遵守规则”,应用名词rule,且学生们遵守的规则是有很多的,故应填复数形式rules。再如第7小题,根据文意可知,作者接受的新旧两个教育体系是不一样的,下句话But in my new schl, it wrked the ppsite way-we had many chances t try new things.“新学校鼓励学生们尝试新事物”,因此原来的学校是反对的,故这里填against,“反对,违抗”。
Passage 5(2019 •内蒙古呼和浩特市)
Smartphnes and e-readers have becme mre cmmn in recent years. Sme peple think that the days f paper bks will be gne. But recent surveys have shwn that traditinal bks are still ppular a 71 readers.
Research cmpany Nielsen fund that in the UK, sales f e-bks are f 72 while sales f paper bks are rising. Mre surprisingly, it’s yung peple wh are buying the mst physical bks. Anther survey f university students frm the United States, Slvakia(斯洛伐克) and Japan als shwed that 92 percent f t 73 preferred papere bks.
S what is b 74 paper bk cmeback(回归)?
The mst ppular reasn given was: “ I like t hld the prduct.” It’s true that paper bks bring a very different reading experience. Slvakian students said that they liked the smell f paper bks. Other students said that they culd get a s 75 f accmplishment (成就) when they finished reading a paper bk.
Paper bks can als be very persnal bjects t lvers f reading. Many peple like t sign their name n the i 76 cver. If the cver gets bent(弯曲) r there is a stain (污点) made n the page frm cffee, all the better. The a 77 make the bk even mre persnal. It’s as if readers f paper bks make friends with them.
This “friendship” peple d 78 with bks isn’t just sentimental(情感的). Research has shwn that readers remember mre infrmatin reading frm paper bks t 79 e-bks. Peple als mre e 80 end up with headaches r sre eyes while reading e-bks.
S why nt pick up a bk and start reading?
71. a 72. f 73. t 74. b 75.s
76. i 77. a 78. d 79. t 80. e
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文作者探讨纸质图书回归的背后原因.
71. amng 考查介词.根据语境"但最近的调查显示,传统书籍仍深受读者欢迎",考虑用介词amng,意为"在…之中",故答案为 amng;
72.falling 考查动词.根据语境"尼尔森研究公司发现,在英国,电子书的销量在下降,而纸质书的销量在上升",考虑用动词fall,意为"下降",由下文are rising推断此处填-ing形式,故答案为 falling;
73.them 考查代词.根据语境"斯洛伐克和日本也显示出92%的人更喜欢平装本",考虑用代词them,意为"他们",由空前的介词f推断此处填宾格形式,故答案为 them;
74.behind 考查介词.根据语境"那么纸质图书回归的背后是什么呢?",考虑用介词behind,意为"在…后面",故答案为 behind;
75.sense 考查名词.根据语境"其他学生说,读完一本纸质书后,他们会有成就感",考虑用名词,意为"感觉",由空前的冠词a推断此处填原形,故答案为 sense;
76.inside 考查形容词.根据语境"许多人喜欢在封面上签名",考虑用形容词inside,意为"里面的",故答案为 inside;
77.accidents 考查名词.根据语境"事故使这本书更加个人化",考虑用名词accident,意为"事故",由上文举例推断此处填复数形式,故答案为 accidents;
78.develp 考查动词.根据语境"这种友谊是人们通过书本发展起来的,而不仅仅是感情用事",考虑用动词develp,意为"发展",由一般现在时推断此处填原形,故答案为 develp;
79.than 考查连词.根据语境"研究表明,比起电子书,读者更能记住从纸质书中阅读的信息",考虑用连词,意为"比",故答案为 than;
80.easily 考查副词.根据语境"在阅读电子书时,更多的人很容易患上头痛或眼睛酸痛",考虑用副词easily,意为"容易地",由空后的动词短语end up with推断此处填副词形式,故答案为 easily.
Passage 6(2019 •四川省广元市)
阅读短文,根据短文内容和首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。请将单词填写在答题卡上的相应位置。
Have yu ever heard f the train N. 6063? It links (连接) thirty-eight s 80 alng the way frm Baji f Shanxi t Guangyuan f Sichuan. It passes by twenty-fur schls, s there are always many students taking the train. The students live in muntainus areas. And they need t take the train b 81__ schls and hmes every week. It always takes a lng time fr them t g t schl and g hme n the train. In rder t help them, the head f the train Xiang Fei decided t d smething fr the children. He and ther wrkers s 82 several hurs turning ne f the carriages int a special student carriage. There are big desks and a library. Many kind-hearted peple gave away 83 300 new bks t this library. Students can read all kinds f bks, d their hmewrk and talk with students frm ther schls n the train.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】文章讲了山区孩子上学困难,社会爱心人士给与了帮助.
80. stps 考查名词.根据意思:它从山西宝鸡到四川广元一路上有三十八个站,小站是名词stp,此处是复数,故答案是:stps.
81. between 考查介词.根据意思:他们每周都要在学校和家庭之间坐火车.在..和..之间是between and.故答案是:between.
82. spent 考查动词.根据意思:他和其他工人花了几个小时把一节车厢变成了一节特殊的学生车厢.花费时间干某事spend time ding.一般过去时态,故答案是:spent.
83. ver 考查介词.根据意思:许多热心的人把300多本新书赠送给这个图书馆.多于是ver.故答案是:ver.
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