(2020-2022)中考英语真题分项汇编专题41首字母填空(含详解)

这是一份(2020-2022)中考英语真题分项汇编专题41首字母填空(含详解)，共42页。

专题41 短文填空—首字母填空

【2022年】

（一）（2022·广东广州·中考真题）
阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。
Dunbuang is a historic city in Gansu. In ancient times, Dunhuang was an important c ___46___ of trade. As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world. Here, different cultures met and influenced each other. People from f ___47___ countries did business and communicated with the local people.
If you v ___48___ Dunhuang, you will be able to see the Mogao Caves（莫高窟）. If you walk i ___49___ , you will discover some of the wonderful artworks. There are over 45,000 square metres of beautiful paintings on the cave walls, as well as thousands of statues.
Over the years, China has made great efforts to protect the Mogao Caves. Today, you can also find high-quality photos of the artworks on the Internet. People all over the world now have a c ___50___ to see Dunhuang’s treasures online.
【答案】46．(c)entre##(c)enter
47．(f)oreign
48．(v)isit
49．(i)nside
50．(c)hance
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述敦煌在古代是贸易中心，讲述在敦煌可以看到莫高窟和很多艺术作品，讲述现在人们可以在网上看到敦煌的财宝。
46．
句意：在古代，敦煌是一个重要的贸易中心。根据“an”可知用单数名词作表语。根据“As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world”及首字母提示，可知，句子讲述敦煌古代是贸易中心，用名词“center”或“centre”。故填(c)entre/(c)enter。
47．
句意：外国的人和当地的人经商和交流。名词“countries”前用形容词修饰，根据“different cultures”及首字母提示，可知句子表达外国的人，用形容词“foreign”。故填(f)oreign。
48．
句意：如果你参观敦煌，你能看到莫高窟。这是“if”引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表示将来。根据“you will be able to see the Mogao Caves”及首字母提示，可知句子表达参观敦煌，主语是“you”，动词用“visit”。故填(v)isit。
49．
句意：如果你走进去，你会发现一些完美的艺术作品。动词“walk”用副词修饰，根据“discover some of the wonderful artworks”及首字母提示，可知句子表达走进去，用“walk inside”。故填(i)nside。
50．
句意：全世界的人现在有机会在网上看到敦煌的财宝。动词“have”后缺宾语，根据“a”可知是单数名词。根据“to see Dunhuang’s treasures online” 及首字母提示，可知句子表达有机会，用“have a chance to do”。故填(c)hance。


（二）（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y____46____ , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask (潜水面罩). When he grew up, he wanted to l____47____ for new things in the ocean.
Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist (海洋生态学家). He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay a____48____.
Mr. Green studies coral reefs (珊瑚) in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t____49____. Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get i____50____ easily.
Mr. Green also studies how people’s actions can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the w____51____ that all the living things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals’ n____52____ drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p____53____ this from happening.
Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k____54____ safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k____55____ them. Only through that, can we understand the great influence humans have on these places.” Mr. Green says.
【答案】46．(y)oung
47．(l)ook
48．(a)live
49．(t)own
50．(i)njured
51．(w)ay
52．(n)umbers
53．(p)revent
54．(k)ept
55．(k)now
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要讲述了海洋生态学家格林先生意识到珊瑚礁所面临的问题以及它们的重要性，呼吁人们要先了解它们并保护它们。
46．
句意：当他年轻的时候，他喜欢游泳。was后接形容词作表语，根据“When he grew up”及首字母可知，年轻的时候喜欢游泳，young“年轻的”符合，故填(y)oung。
47．
句意：当他长大后，他想在海洋中寻找新的东西。根据“he wanted to … for new things in the ocean”及首字母可知，此处指在海洋中寻找新东西，look for“寻找”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填(l)ook。
48．
句意：他研究水下的动物和植物是如何相互联系、相互需要以维持生存的。根据“underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay”及首字母可知，水下的动植物相互维持生存，alive“活着的”，形容词作表语，故填(a)live。
49．
句意：珊瑚礁就像一个巨大的水下小镇。根据“A coral reef is like a big underwater”及首字母可知，把珊瑚礁比喻成一个巨大的小镇，town“城镇”，a修饰名词的单数形式，故填(t)own。
50．
句意：因此，美丽的珊瑚礁很容易受伤。根据“They compete for food and space there”可知，因为食物和生存的空间相互竞争，导致珊瑚礁受伤，get injured“受伤”，故填(i)njured。
51．
句意：有时人们污染水或过度捕捞，所以所有生物的连接方式已经改变。根据“the …that all the living things are joined together has been changed”及首字母可知，连接方式改变了，way“方式”。根据has可知，此空应填单数名词，故填(w)ay。
52．
句意：有些动物的数量下降了，有些动物就消失了。根据“Some animals’ … drop low, some animals just disappear”可知，有些数量少了，有些消失了，number“数量”，句子是一般现在时，drop是动词原形，故此空应填名词复数形式，故填(n)umbers。
53．
句意：格林先生想阻止这种事情发生。根据“Mr. Green wants to … this from happening”及首字母可知，想阻止这一切发生，prevent…from doing sth“阻止某事发生”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填(p)revent。
54．
句意：格林先生认为珊瑚礁里的所有生物都应该保护好。根据“They need all of their parts to work correctly”可知，珊瑚礁里的每一部分都需要正常工作，所以它们应该被保护起来，keep“保持”，be与过去分词构成被动语态结构，故填(k)ept。
55．
句意：要更好地照顾海洋家园，我们首先必须了解它们。根据“we first must…them”及“can we understand the great influence humans have on these places”可知，只有先了解珊瑚礁，才能理解人类对这些地方的巨大影响，know“了解”，情态动词must后接动词原形，故填(k)now。




（三）（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。

Erhu is one of the most important Chinese instruments. It has a history of o____51____ 1,000 years. It is said that Erhu did not get its name u____52____ the late Qing Dynasty. It has been improved gradually since it appeared. It is also c____53____ the Chinese violin because its tone is as soft and bright as the violin’s. There are many w____54____ pieces of music played by Erhu, such as The Moon Reflected on the Er-quan Spring. You can go and e____55____ the charm of them. I hope you’ll love them.
【答案】51．(o)ver
52．(u)ntil
53．(c)alled
54．(w)onderful##(w)orld-famous
55．(e)njoy##(e)xperience
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了二胡的发展历史。
51．
句意：它有一千多年的历史。根据“ It has a history of … 1,000 years”可知，此处指1000多年的历史，over“超过”，故填(o)ver。
52．
句意：据说二胡直到清末才得名。 根据“It is said that Erhu did not get its name … the late Qing Dynasty.”可知，此处用not…until表示“直到……才”，故填(u)ntil。
53．
句意：它也被称为中国小提琴，因为它的音调和小提琴一样柔和明亮。根据“It is also c… the Chinese violin”及首字母可知，二胡也被称为中国小提琴，call“称呼”，主语it与动词call之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态be done的结构，空格前已有is，故此空填过去分词，故填(c)alled。

54．
句意：用二胡演奏了许多美妙/著名的乐曲。根据“pieces of music”及首字母可知，此处指美妙的或者是著名的乐曲，wonderful“美妙的”，world-famous“著名的”，故填(w)onderful/(w)orld-famous。
55．
句意：你可以去欣赏/体验它们的魅力。此空与go构成并列关系，故此空也应填入一个动词原形，根据“the charm of them”及首字母可知，欣赏它们的魅力，enjoy“欣赏”，experience“体验”，故填(e)njoy/(e)xperience。


（四）（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）

The Grand Canal（大运河）is a man-made waterway that runs north and south in eastern China. Dating back 2,500 years and stretching 1,794 kilometers, it is among the world’s oldest and l___51___ canals. Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is located on the bank of the ancient Grand Canal in Yangzhou, one of the eight c___52___ in Jiangsu province sitting along the Grand Canal.
The museum o___53___ its doors to the public on June 16,2021. It covers an area of some 80,000 square meters. It has two structures: a four-story building in the s___54___ of a giant ship waiting to set sail, and a 100-meter-tall Tang-Dynasty-style tower.
The museum has 11 themed exhibitions（展览）. They are telling the h___55___ of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang Dynasties（581-907）, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions w___56___ they continue to be used for transport, irrigation（灌溉）and flood control. The 25.7-meter-long, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River section is c___57___ by many as the “treasure of the museum”.
So far, the museum has over 10,000 exhibits（展品）, including 20 groups of large ones, making it the best collection to show the grandness of the canal and h___58___ people changed nature.
Passing t___59___ the exhibition hall and into the antiquated（老式的）streets, visitors can see restaurants and shops along the street, as if walking in the water village on the canal during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is different from all the other m____60____ which are themed on the Grand Canal in China. Why not come and visit it yourself?
【答案】51．(l)ongest
52．(c)ities
53．(o)pened
54．(s)hape
55．(h)istory
56．(w)hile
57．(c)onsidered
58．(h)ow
59．(t)hrough
60．(m)useums
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述扬州中国运河博物馆的修建，结构和它的独特之处。
51．
句意：2500年之前建造，延伸1794千米的大运河跻身世界最古老和最长的运河。根据“oldest and”可知，用形容词最高级形成并列。根据首字母提示，可知表达最长的，用最高级“longest”。故填(l)ongest。
52．
句意：扬州中国运河博物馆位于扬州古代大运河的岸边，扬州是江苏省沿着大运河的八大城市之一。句子用“one of 复数名词”的结构，表达“最……之一”。根据“Yangzhou”，“in Jiangsu province”及首字母提示，可知表达城市，用复数名词“cities”。故填(c)ities。
53．
句意：博物馆在2021年6月16日向大众开放。句子缺谓语动词，根据“June 16,2021”可知是一般过去时，动词用过去式。根据“its doors to the public”及首字母提示，可知，句子表达打开大门，用过去式“opened”。故填(o)pened。
54．
句意：它有两部分结构，像一艘等着航行的大船的四层的建筑，和一座100米高的唐代的塔。根据“of a giant ship waiting to set sail”及首字母提示，可知，句子表达建筑的形状，用“in the shape of”。故填(s)hape。
55．
句意：它们讲述了隋朝和唐朝建造的隋唐大运河，北京到杭州的大运河和东部浙江运河的历史。定冠词“the”后用名词。根据“These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions”可知，句子表达讲述了运河的历史北京，根据首字母提示可知用名词“history”。故填(h)istory。
56．
句意：这些运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点，同时它们继续被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。根据“These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions...they continue to be used for transport, irrigation and flood control.”可知，前后句的动作是同时发生的，运河提供了丰富的历史和文化景点的同时，运河也被用于运输、灌溉和防洪。用连词while表示“与……同时”。故填(w)hile。
57．
句意：长25.7米，高8米的古汴河段被许多人认为是“博物馆的瑰宝”。句子缺谓语动词，根据“by”可知是被动结构，根据首字母提示可知句子用“be considered as”表达“被看作是……”。故填(c)onsidered。
58．
句意：到目前为止，博物馆包含了一万种展品，包括二十组大型的展品，使得它成为最好的收藏品，展示了大运河的宏大和人们怎样改变大自然。根据“people changed nature”可知后面是宾语从句，根据首字母提示，可知句子表达“怎样人们改变大自然”，用疑问词“how”引导从句。故填(h)ow。
59．
句意：穿过展览馆，进入老式的街道，游客可以看到街道两边的餐馆和商店，好像走在明清时期运河上的水村里。根据“Passing”及“the exhibition hall”可知，句子表达从展览馆内部穿过，用短语“pass through”。故填(t)hrough。
60．
句意：扬州大运河博物馆以中国的大运河为主题，和所有其他的博物馆是不同的。根据“Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum”及“which are themed on the Grand Canal”可知，此处是指其它博物馆，且需用复数形式“museums”。故填(m)useums。


（五）（2022·天津·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s____46____ library books arrive on the backs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w____47____ to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the b____48____ to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels c____49____ back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand (泰国) get books in a d____50____ way. Their “l____51____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases (金属箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that f____52____ in the area.
Indonesia (印度尼西亚) has its own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people t____53____ by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容纳) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded (交换) for new books a few weeks l____54____.
For people who live far and can’t get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books. It brings a whole w_____55_____ of information.
【答案】46．(s)o
47．(w)alk
48．(b)ooks
49．(c)ome
50．(d)ifferent
51．(l)ibraries
52．(f)all
53．(t)ravel
54．(l)ater
55．(w)orld
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了一些贫穷国家的一些特殊的运送图书的方式。
46．
句意：汽车和卡车没有用处，所以图书馆的书是骑在骆驼背上的。根据“Cars and trucks are not useful...library books arrive on the backs of camels”以及首字母可知前后两句是因果关系，前因后果，用so引导。故填(s)o。
47．
句意：两只骆驼、一个骆驼司机和一个图书管理员一起步行到村庄。根据“Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian”以及首字母并结合上文可知汽车和卡车没有用，所以他们是步行，walk“步行”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(w)alk。
48．
句意：在每个村庄，图书管理员都会搭起帐篷，向里面的孩子们展示书籍。根据“the librarian sets up the tent and shows the...to the kids inside”以及首字母可知图书管理员给孩子展示书籍，表泛指用名词复数books“书”。故填(b)ooks。
49．
句意：两周后，骆驼带着新书回来了。根据“back with new books”以及首字母可知是带着新书回来，come back“回来”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(c)ome。
50．
句意：泰国北部山区的一些人以不同的方式获取书籍。根据“Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand(泰国) get books in”以及首字母并结合下文可知泰国人获取书籍的方式也不同，修饰名词用形容词different“不同的”。故填(d)ifferent。
51．
句意：他们的“图书馆”由大象携带。根据“are carried by elephants”以及首字母可知此处指图书馆，library“图书馆”，根据are可知主语用名词复数。故填(l)ibraries。
52．
句意：金属保护书籍免受该地区的大雨影响。根据“The metal protects the books from the heavy rains”以及首字母可知是下雨，fall“落下”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(f)all。
53．
句意：大多数人乘船旅行，他们也乘船携带书籍。根据“by boat and they also carry their books by boat.”以及首字母可知是乘船旅行，travel“旅行”，句子使用一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(t)ravel。
54．
句意：成箱的书留在村子里，几周后被换成新书。根据“Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded(交换) for new books a few weeks”以及首字母可知是几周后换新书，later“之后”。故填(l)ater。
55．
句意：它带来了很多信息。根据“It brings a whole...of information”以及首字母可知是很多信息，a world of“很多”。故填(w)orld。




【2021年】

A
（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）
Ways to reduce food waste
Food waste is a big problem around the world. While some people t 1 away unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.
In order to reduce food waste, many c 2 in the world like German and France have food banks. People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to t 3 in need. Shanghai Oasis opened China’s first food bank in 2015. In five years, it saved seven million tons of food and h 4 760,000 people.
Many fruits and v 5 go to waste because they look ugly. For example, about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their l 6 . So try to buy ugly food next time, since it is j 7 as good as “normal” food.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to o 8 dishes by using the “N-1”formula. “N” s 9 for the number of people in your group. So if you’re in a group of s 10 people, you should order five dishes.
To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. Everyone can do something to make a difference.
【答案】
1．(t)hrow
2．(c)ountries
3．(t)hose
4．(h)elped
5．(v)egetables
6．(l)ooks
7．(j)ust
8．(o)rder
9．(s)tands
10．(s)ix
【分析】
本文主要介绍了为了减少食物浪费的方法：许多国家都用食物银行来储存多余的食物；建议购买外观不好看的蔬菜和水果；中国饭店采用“N-1”公式点餐。
1．句意：当一些人扔掉不想要的食物时，世界上其他地方的很多人面临食物短缺。根据“unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.”可知，此处指“扔掉”，用固定短语throw away表示，此处是陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为you，动词用原形。故填(t)hrow。
2．句意：为了减少食物浪费，世界上像德国和法国一样的许多国家都有食物银行。根据“like German and France ”及首字母可知，此处指“国家”，用country表示，可数名词，many后跟可数名词复数，故填(c)ountries。
3．句意：人们和杂货店可以给他们额外的食物，他们可以把食物给那些需要的人。根据“...in need”可知，此处指那些需要的人，结合首字母可知，用代词those指代。故填(t)hose。
4．句意：在五年内，它节省了700万吨粮食，帮助了76万人。根据“it saved seven million tons of food and ... 760,000 people.”结合短文和首字母可知，食物银行是为了帮助那些食物短缺的人，help符合语境。由saved可知，此处用动词的过去式。故填(h)elped。
5．句意：许多水果和蔬菜被浪费，因为它们看起来很丑。根据下文“25 to 30 percent of carrots”和首字母v可知，此处指“vegetable蔬菜”，根据many fruits可知，此处用复数表示种类。故填(v)egetables。
6．句意：例如，大约25%到30%的胡萝卜因为长得不好看而无法进入商店。根据“because they look ugly”可知，此处指“因为外形丑而无法进入商店”，look“外观”符合语境，由their可知，此处用复数。故填(l)ooks。
7．句意：所以下次尽量买难看的食物，因为它和“正常”食物一样好。根据语境和首字母提示可知，此处指和“正常”食物一样好，just as good as...表示“和……同样好”。故填(j)ust。
8．句意：许多中餐馆告诉人们用“N-1”公式点菜。根据“restaurants are telling people to...dishes ”可知，此处指点餐，order符合语境，不定式符号to后跟动词原形，故填(o)rder。
9．句意：“N”代表你们的人数。stand for“代表”符合语境，主语“N”表示第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填(s)tands。
10．句意：所以如果你们六个人，你应该点五道菜。根据“N-1”和“you should order five dishes”可知，此处指六个人，six“六”。故填(s)ix。
B
（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
Susan is the daughter of the famous environmental scientist Clark. But the woman has become an environmentalist on her o 11 .
In 1992, the first UN Earth Summit(峰会) was held in Rio de Janeiro. Thousands of people from around the world h 12 for it to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow. Twelve-year-old Susan and three of her friends formed a group. They raised money to travel to Rio to a 13 the summit.
At the summit, Susan said that the state of the environment w 14 her a lot. “You don’t know how to fix the holes in our ozone layer (臭氧层). You don’t know how to bring back forests that once g 15 where there is now desert. If you don’t know how to fix the Earth, please stop b 16 it!” The six-minute speech silenced all the people and made them fall into deep thinking.
After that speech, Susan began to lead “two lives.” On the t 17 days, she was a schoolchild. But during her vacations, she s 18 internationally about the environment.
Now, nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Rio speech. Although many of the world’s environmental problems have only become w 19 , Susan does agree that some things are different now. More and more people give voice like Susan because they have realized the importance of the environment.
“Thirty years ago, I was fighting for my tomorrow. Now, I am fighting for the f 20 of my sons,” says Susan, now a mother of two, who has kept calling people's attention to climate change.
【答案】
11．(o)wn
12．(h)eaded
13．(a)ttend
14．(w)orried
15．(g)rew
16．(b)reaking
17．(t)ypical
18．(s)poke
19．(w)orse
20．(f)uture
【分析】
本文主要讲述了苏珊如何凭借自己的力量成为一名环保主义者的事迹。
11．句意：但这位女士凭借自己的力量成为了一名环保主义者。由前句和句中转折连词“But”可知，此句是说这位女士依靠自己成了一名环保主义者。on one’s own独自，为固定短语，故填(o)wn。
12．句意：来自世界各地的成千上万的人前往大会，讨论地球的明天。句中“it”指代联合国地球峰会，由句中“to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow”可知，此句是说很多人前往大会。head做动词时，意为“使向……进行”，head for前往，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(h)eaded。
13．句意：他们筹钱到里约热内卢去参加峰会。由句中“to”和“the summit”可知，这里是说参加峰会。attend参加，出席，动词，句中用动词不定式作目的状语，此处用原形，故填(a)ttend。
14．句意：在峰会上，苏珊说环境状况让她很担心。下文说的是苏珊担心的事情，所以此句是说环境状况让她担心。worry使……担心，此句叙述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，故填(w)orried。
15．句意：你不知道如何恢复曾经生长在沙漠里的森林。由句中“forest that once”和“where there is now desert”可知，此句是说曾经长在沙漠里的森林。grow生长，动词，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(g)rew。
16．句意：如果你不知道如何修复地球，请停止破坏它！由前半句“If you don't know how to fix the Earth”可知，此句是说停止破坏它。break破坏，动词，stop doing sth.停止做某事，故填(b)reaking。
17．句意：在平常的日子里，她还是个小学生。由后句“But during her vacations”可知，此句是说在平常的日子里。typical代表性的，典型的，形容词，故填(t)ypical。
18．句意：但在休假期间，她在国际上谈论了环境问题。阅读短文可知，苏珊过两种生活，在平常的日子里是学生，在假期时，她就环境问题发表国际性讲话。speak讲话，动词，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(s)poke。
19．句意：尽管世界上的许多环境问题只会变得更糟，但苏珊确实同意有些事情现在已经不同了。although引导的是让步状语从句，结合所给首字母“w”可知，此句是说许多环境问题变得更糟了。worse更糟糕的，为形容词的比较级，故填(w)orse。
20．句意：现在，我正在为我儿子的未来而奋斗，”苏珊说，她现在是两个孩子的母亲，她一直在呼吁人们关注气候变化。由句中“fighting for”和“of my sons”可知，此句是说为了孩子们的未来而奋斗。future未来，名词，the future of……的未来，故填(f)uture。
C
（2021·天津中考真题）
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e 21 compared with other fuels (燃料). W 22 petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars became more p 23 because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c 24 more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e 25 . But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m 26 of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d 27 .
An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j 28 .
Many people are not p 29 with it. The government and car makers are w 30 together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
【答案】
21．(e)xpensive
22．(W)hen
23．(p)opular
24．(c)aused
25．(e)ither
26．(m)ethod
27．(d)own
28．(j)ourneys
29．(p)leased
30．(w)orking
【分析】
文章讲了电动汽车的发展史。
21．句意：在那个时候，汽油和其他燃料相比是昂贵的。根据“petrol prices dropped”可知之前是很昂贵的。故填(e)xpensive。
22．句意：当汽油价格下降和新技术的发展，电动汽车不再流行。此处表示当某事发生的时候，另一件事发生了，用when引导时间状语从句。故填(W)hen。
23．句意：相反，汽油汽车变得更受欢迎，因为它们可以不停车行驶更长的距离。根据“because they could travel longer distances without stopping”可知此处讲到汽油汽车的优势，应是变的受欢迎了，popular受欢迎的，形容词作表语。故填(p)opular。
24．句意：他们需要更多的燃料，而这导致了更多的空气污染。根据“more air pollution”及首字母c可知此处表示引起更多污染，cause引起，再由“needed”可知用一般过去时。故填(c)aused。
25．句意：他们也不担心汽油汽车的使用量。“didn’t worry about”与前面重复，由此推出是也不担心，either也，用于否定句末尾。故填(e)ither。
26．句意：解决这个问题的一种方法是“混合”汽车，一种部分依靠汽油，部分依靠电力的汽车。根据“solving the problem”可知讲解决问题的方法，结合首字母m可知用method表示“方法”，One后接其单数形式。故填(m)ethod。
27．句意：混合动力汽车在2000年代开始流行，当时汽油价格上涨，混合动力汽车的价格下降。根据“Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s”可知混合汽车的价格应是下降了，go down下降。故填(d)own。
28．句意：这使得电动汽车在长途旅行中不那么有用。根据“The problem, however, is that car batteries need to be recharged.”可知电动汽车需要在充电，不适合长途旅行，journey旅行，long前没有不定冠词或其他限定词，用复数形式journeys。故填(j)ourneys。
29．句意：很多人都不满意。根据“That makes electric cars not so useful for long journeys.”可知人们是对电动汽车不能用于长途旅行这一现象不满意。be pleased with对……感到满意。故填(p)leased。
30．句意：政府和汽车制造商正在合作开发安全、便宜、有用的电动汽车。根据“to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.”可知政府和汽车制造厂是一起工作，work工作，are后接现在分词构成现在进行时。故填(w)orking。
D
（2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2,000 years ago. Chinese gardens are a special form of t 31 Chinese culture and art.
At the entrance to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall to screen（挡住）your view. This is to give you a pressed-in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy w 32 you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake. The best e 33 is the Summer Palace.
Rock formations play an i 34 role in the design of a Chinese-style garden. Without them, a garden could not be considered a Chinese-style garden. They are as important to a Chinese-style garden as sculptures are to a European-style garden. Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i 35 Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花园）.
G 36 in the south are mostly small in size. Chinese garden designers have used the method of “borrowing scenery with a mirror（镜子）” to create a sense of s 37 . A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the outside scenery. A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang, a rockery in He Garden, Yangzhou. A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor. The whole garden will be s 38 in the mirror wherever the visitors are. A pool or a lake in a garden a 39 serves this purpose. A pool runs from south to north through the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang. East of the rockery, a man-made moon is reflected（倒映）in the p 40 .
Whatever methods used, every effort is made to achieve the purpose of giving visitors a sense of space in the garden.
【答案】
31．(t)raditional
32．(w)hen
33．(e)xample
34．(i)mportant
35．(i)ts
36．(G)ardens
37．(s)pace
38．(s)een
39．(a)lso
40．(p)ool
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍中国园林的特点和风格。
31．句意：中国园林是中国传统文化和艺术的一种特殊形式。根据“Chinese gardens are a special form of t…Chinese culture and art.”和常识可知，“传统的”符合语境，作定语修饰Chinese culture and art，故填(t)raditional。
32．句意：这是为了给你一种紧张的感觉，以便之后当你转过大厅看到惊人的岩层和一个大湖时产生意想不到的喜悦。分析“This is to give you a pressed-in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy w…you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake.”可知，“当……时”符合语境，用when引导时间状语从句，故填(w)hen。
33．句意：最好的例子就是颐和园。分析“The best e…is the Summer Palace.”可知，“例子”符合语境，此前有the best修饰，使用名词单数，故填(e)xample。
34．句意：岩层在中式园林的设计中起着重要的作用。分析“Rock formations play an i… role in the design of a Chinese-style garden.”可知，“重要的”符合语境，play an important role“起到重要作用”，故填(i)mportant。
35．句意：扬州个园以四季假山而闻名。分析“Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i…Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花园）.”可知，此处指“Ge Garden”，用it代替，作定语修饰“Four Seasons Rockeries”，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填(i)ts。
36．句意：南方的花园大多是小的。根据“G…in the south are mostly small in size.”和全文描述可知，“花园”符合语境，根据“are”可知，应用名词复数，故填(G)ardens。
37．句意：中国园林设计师采用“借镜取景”的方法来营造一种空间感。分析“Chinese garden designers have used the method of ‘borrowing scenery with a mirror（镜子）’ to create a sense of s…”可知，是营造空间感，a sense of space“一种空间感”，故填(s)pace。
38．句意：无论游客在哪里，整个花园都能映入镜子。根据“The whole garden will be s…in the mirror wherever the visitors are.”可知，“看到”符合语境，主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态，will be done一般将来时的被动语态，故填(s)een。
39．句意：花园里的水池或湖泊也可以起到这个作用。根据前文和“A pool or a lake in a garden a…serves this purpose.”可知，此处表示“也”，用于句中，故填(a)lso。
40．句意：在假山的东面，有一个人造的月亮映在水池里。根据前文“A pool or a lake in a garden a…serves this purpose.”可知，“池塘”符合语境，根据“a man-made moon is reflected（倒映）in the p…”可知，此处特指表单数，故填(p)ool。
E
（2021·江苏连云港市·中考真题）
Paper, zhi was a Chinese invention. 2, 000 years ago, Chinese people i 41 papermaking. This zhi was made o 42 silk and was very expensive. Only the emperor and rich people could a 43 to use it. 1, 900 years ago, Cai Lun improved the paper-making process.
He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and old cloth. The improvement in paper-making spread zhi far and wide, and many different k 44 of zhi were made by Chinese people. Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper, best shows the charm of t 45 Chinese painting and calligraphy （书法）. Later, Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road.
【答案】
41．(i)nvented
42．(o)f
43．(a)fford
44．(k)inds
45．(t)raditional
【分析】
文章大意：本文讲述了纸的发展历史。2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。1900年前，蔡伦改进了造纸工艺。后来，中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸，并由丝绸之路传播到西方。
41．句意：2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。根据上文“Paper, zhi5 was a Chinese invention.”结合“2, 000 years ago, Chinese people … papermaking.”及首字母提示，可知2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。invent“发明”，动词，句子时态是一般过去时，故填(i)nvented。
42．句意：这种纸是用丝绸制成的，非常昂贵。根据“This zhi was made … silk and was very expensive.”结合首字母提示，可知此处考查固定词组be made of“由……制成”，故填(o)f。
43．句意：只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用。根据上文“was very expensive.”结合“Only the emperor and rich people could … to use it.”及首字母提示，可知纸非常昂贵，只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用，afford“买得起、负担得起”，动词，前面有情态动词could，因此这里用动词原形，故填(a)fford。
44．句意：中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸。根据“and many different … of zhi were made by Chinese people.”结合语境及首字母提示，可知中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸，different kinds of “不同种类的”，故填(k)inds。
45．句意：宣纸是一种高质量的蒲草纸，最能体现中国传统书画的魅力。根据“Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper,”结合“best shows the charm of … Chinese painting and calligraphy.”及首字母提示，可知宣纸最能体现中国传统书画的魅力，“传统的”traditional ，形容词，符合题意，故填(t)raditional。
【2020年】
2020年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题20 短文填空
考点1首字母填空
Passage 1（2020 •南通市）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Reyes Guana grew up in a poor Mexican family. He has seven brothers and sisters. His parents always had two jobs to make ends meet. At weekends, the whole f____66____ went to fields to work. When the children were young, they stayed in the car. As they grew o____67____, they worked, too.
As a boy, Guana was a “very shy” child who was very q___68___ in school. He had few friends but he had a good relationship with the school cleaner. He liked to call the friendly lady “Nike” because she usually wore Nike clothes and shoes. Nike was well organized and the boy liked h___69___ she made everything clean. He told her he wanted to be a cleaner, too. “Well, it’s good if you want to be a cleaner,” Nike said to little Guana with k___70___. “But make sure you go to college and make it as one of your steps there.”
Guana also looked up to the principal (校长) of his school. He was a tall and good-looking man. Also, he always went to someone in n____71____. The principal told the boy that his job was to help students and teachers. “Wow, when I grow up, I want to do what you’re doing.” “Well, you can do it!” the principal r___72___. Guana did get there, and the two men remain friends. The former principal is now almost 90 years old.
But b___73___ becoming a school principal, Guana followed in Nike’s footsteps and worked for three schools in Lodi, California. And being a cleaner at a school made him think about how to show respect for everyone in an organization. In Guana’s school system today, everyone is i____74____ to parties and events. Everyone is important not only the people who clean the floors or drive the buses but also the people who teach the students or lead the schools.
He never f___75___ where he came from, or how he felt. Now, Guana tells his own three children how important an education is for their lives.
本文讲述了小时候家庭贫困的瓜纳从一个学校清洁工变成学校系统的管理者的故事，告诉我们如果想要做成一件事情，并且足够努力地工作，就可以实现它。
66. family【解析】句意：周末，全家都去田里干活。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“全家人去田里干活”，family一家人，为集合名词，在句中做主语，故填family。
67. older【解析】句意：随着年龄的增长，他们也在工作。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“随着年龄的增长”，grow older意为“年龄增长”，故填older。
68. quiet【解析】句意：小时候，瓜纳是个“很害羞”的孩子，在学校里很安静。
根据“Guana was a ‘very shy’ child”，可知他在学校应该很安静，quiet安静的，是形容词，在句中作表语，故填quiet。
69. how【解析】句意：耐克很有条理，这个男孩喜欢她如何把一切都弄干净。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“喜欢她如何把一切都弄干净”，how如何，疑问词，故填how。
70. kindness【解析】句意：“耐克”和善地对小瓜纳说：“嗯，如果你想当清洁工，那很好。”。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“耐克和善地对小瓜纳说”，kindness和善，是名词，在句中作介词宾语，故填kindness。
71. need【解析】句意：而且，他总是去帮有困难的人。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“去帮有困难的人”，in need在危难中，故填need。
72. replied【解析】句意：“好吧，你能做到的!”校长回答。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“校长回答到”，reply回答，是动词，此部分是过去时叙述，所以应用reply的过去式replied，故填replied。
73. before【解析】句意：但在成为学校校长之前，瓜纳追随耐克的脚步，在加州洛迪的三所学校工作。
根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“在成为学校校长之前”，before意为“在……之前”，是连词，故填before。
74. invited【解析】句意：在瓜纳如今的学校系统中，每个人都被邀请参加聚会和活动。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“每个人都被邀请参加聚会和活动”，invite邀请，因为是被动关系，所以用invite的过去分词invited，故填invited。
75. forgets【解析】句意：他永远不会忘记自己来自何方，也不忘自己的感受。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“他永远不会忘记”，forget忘记，是动词，分析句子可知此处应该用一般现在时，主语为he，谓语动词forget用单三形式forgets，故填forgets。
Passage 2（2020 •泰州市）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。


Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes long. The same is true with poems. If we were lucky e_____71_____, we open a book and find a poem that attracts us at once. But usually we need to spend a little t_____72_____ or make a little effort to truly understand a poem. Today I’d like to talk about reading poems in ways that make the experience better.
Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it. Sometimes a poem that seems b_____73_____ on first reading becomes interesting with more reading. A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful. And sometimes you’re just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem, but l_____74_____ it touches your heart.
Keep a d_____75_____ at hand when you are reading poems. Poets like to use unusual words. Instead of skipping over (跳过) these words or trying to g____76____ their meanings, look them up.
Read aloud and listen to the poem. Reading aloud will make the poem’s rhythm clear. Besides, a poet’s reading is very helpful b_____77_____ we can understand the poem’s meanings from where the poet places emphasis (强调) or pauses (停顿).
After you finish reading a poem, take a few moments to consider w_____78_____it is saying. Sometimes its meanings are better understood t_____79_____ repeated reading. Other times they need our careful and deep thought on a poem.
It is h_____80_____ to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems, but reading practices will enrich your experience, increase your enjoyment, and deepen your understanding of any poem.
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍诗歌阅读的方法，通过阅读练习能明白诗歌的含义，并加深对诗歌的理解。
71. enough【解析】句意：如果我们足够幸运，我们打开一本书，发现一首诗立刻吸引了我们。lucky后面用副词enough，表示 “足够幸运”。故答案为enough。
72. time【解析】句意：但是通常我们需要花一点时间或一点努力才能真正地懂得一首诗。根据“spend a little”可知此处用 不可数名词time表示“花一点时间”，故答案为time。
73. boring【解析】句意：有时候一首诗第一次读看起来很无聊，多读几遍就变得有趣。根据“on first reading becomes interesting with more reading”可知此处用interesting的反义词boring表示“无聊的”。故答案为boring。
74. later【解析】句意：有时你第一次读一首诗只是情绪不太对，但是后来它会触动你的内心。根据“the first time”以及首字母提示可知此处用副词later表示“后来”。故答案为later。
75. diary【解析】句意：当你读诗的时候，随手记日记。不定冠词a后面用单数名词；此处用动词短语keep a diary表示“记日记”，故答案为diary。
76. guess【解析】句意：不要跳过这些单词或者试着猜测它们含义，去查找它们的含义。此处用try to do。根据“instead of”可知前面部分否定了跳过单词和猜测单词含义的做法，而肯定后者“look them up”。此处用动词原形guess。故答案为guess。
77. because【解析】句意：而且，一个诗人的阅读很有帮助因为我们从诗人强调和停顿的地方可以明白诗歌的含义。后面是讲述的原因，此处用连词because引导原因状语从句。故答案为because。
78. what【解析】句意：在你读完一首诗歌之后，花一点时间思考它在说什么。consider后面是宾语从句；it指的是“a poem”，此处表达“读的这首诗歌在说什么”，宾语从句的引导词用what。故答案为what。
79. through【解析】句意：有时候，通过重复阅读，诗歌的含义能更好地被理解。此处是方式状语，用介词through表示“通过”，故答案为through。
80. hard【解析】句意：很难说阅读诗歌方式是对是错，但是阅读练习会丰富你的体验，增加你的乐趣，加深你对诗歌的理解。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式“to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems”，此处表示“to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems”，根据首字母提示用形容词hard。故答案为hard。
Passage 3（2020 •徐州市）
A）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begun. Everyone was silent, waiting to see w_____61_____ would be called to read his or her article aloud. Some of us were confident and couldn’t wait to take p_____62_____ in the class activity; others were nervous. I had done my homework, but I was shy — I was a_____63_____ to speak in front of a large group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father o_____64_____ said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that i_____65_____ learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” Immediately, I raised my hand.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了写作课上作者克服恐惧心理主动回答问题的故事。
61. who【解析】句意：每个人都默不作声，等着看谁会被叫来大声朗读他或她的文章。根据语境可知，我们等着看谁会被叫起来大声朗读自己的文章，故此处应用who引导宾语从句，作宾语从句的主语。故答案为who。
62. part【解析】句意：我们中有些人很自信，迫不及待地想参加班级活动；有些人则很紧张。根据语境可知，我们中有些人迫不及待地想参加班级活动，take part in参加，固定短语。故答案为part。
63. afraid/ashamed【解析】句意：我已经做了家庭作业，但我很害羞——我不敢在一大群人面前讲话/我羞于在一大群人面前讲话。根据前文“but I was shy”可知，我做了家庭作业，但是我很害羞，羞于/害怕在很多人前讲话。be afraid/ashamed to do sth害怕/羞于做某事，固定短语。故答案为afraid/ashamed。
64. once/often【解析】句意：那一刻，我想起父亲曾经/经常说：“教室是学习的地方，它包括从课本中学习，也包括从错误中学习。”根据语境可知，那一刻我想到了父亲经常说的话/曾经说过的话，故此处应为副词once/often曾经/经常。故答案为once/often。
65. includes【解析】句意：教室是学习的地方，它包括从课本中学习，也包括从错误中学习。根据语境可知，教室是学习的地方，它包括从课本中学习，也包括从错误中学习。includ包括，动词，根据句中is可知，本句为一般现在时，主语The classroom为第三人称单数，故此处应用其单三形式。故答案为includes。
Passage 4（2020 •盐城市）
（三）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Dear Peter
I'm so excited. Guess what—it's my Dad's 40th b___71___ next week, so we’re going to London to celebrate it! Cool, uh?
We're flying over on Thursday evening. As soon as we a___72___, we’ll go on a tour of the city. We'll take a trip on the River Thames, which divides the city into two parts. This way, we can see almost every place of i___73___in London.
On F___74___morning, were going to the Tate Modern. Since it's not f___75___from our hotel, we’re going to the London Eye. I can’t w___76___to see the Houses of Parliament from up there!
Saturday is for s___77___. Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a p___78___. We’re going to Portobello Road in the morning. Then in the afternoon, we'll visit Harrods—the most famous shop in London! Dad’s not very happy about it, but I'm sure he'll e___79___it when we're there.
On Sunday morning, were going to Hyde Park, and we’re going home by p____80____in the afternoon.
It's my dream trip—and it's happening!
Hope everything’s OK with you.

Lots of love
Cynthia
这篇短文讲述的是作者爸爸的生日快到了，他们决定去伦敦玩几天来庆祝一下。文章中介绍了他们去伦敦后的行程安排。
71. birthday【解析】句意：你猜怎么着——下周是我爸爸四十岁的生日，所以我们要去伦敦庆祝一下！根据空前40th和句中的celebrate“庆祝”可知，这里应表示“四十岁生日”，考查birthday，是一个名词。故答案为birthday。
72. arrive【解析】句意：我们一到那里，就去游览城市。根据文意可知，作者一家决定去伦敦，句中“go on a tour of the city”去这个城市游览，所以这里表示“到达那里”，考查arrive，是一个动词；短文以一般现在时和一般将来时态为主，as soon as引导的从句中应用一般现在时，动词用原形。故答案为arrive。
73. interest【解析】句意：这样，我们几乎可以看到伦敦的每一个名胜古迹。根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语place of interest，意为“名胜古迹”，interest是名词，意为“兴趣”。故答案为interest。
74. Friday【解析】句意：星期五早上，我们要去泰特现代美术馆。根据上一段“We're flying over on Thursday evening.”和下一段“Saturday is for…”可知，作者一家星期四出发，下一段提到了星期六，因此这一段说的是星期五的行程。故答案为Friday。
75. far【解析】句意：因为离我们住的旅馆不远，我们要去伦敦眼。根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语be far from…“离……远”，far是形容词，意为“远的”。故答案为far。
76. wait【解析】句意：我迫不及待地想从那里看到国会大厦！根据句意和单词的首字母可知，这里考查wait，意为“等，等待”，用于句型can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待去做某事”。故答案为wait。
77. shopping【解析】句意：星期六是购物的日子。下文“Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a…we'll visit Harrods-the most famous shop in London!”提到了买东西和伦敦最出名的商店，结合单词的首字母可知，这里考查shop，意为“购物”。空前for是介词，这里应填动名词形式。故答案为shopping。
78. present【解析】句意：妈妈建议我买一个玩具熊给我的表弟作为礼物。根据文意和常识可知，作者一家出去游玩，买东西送给表弟，当然是给他的礼物。因此这里考查的是present，是一个名词，意为“礼物”，空前有a修饰，名词用单数。故答案为present。
79. enjoy【解析】句意：爸爸对此不太高兴，但我相信他在那儿会很高兴的。句中but表示转折，现在爸爸对此不高兴，但等到了那儿他就会高兴的。结合单词首字母，这里考查enjoy，意为“喜欢”。空前he’ll是he will的缩写，后面跟动词原形，故答案为enjoy。
80. plane【解析】句意：星期天上午，我们去海德公园，下午乘飞机回家。空前by表示“乘坐（交通工具）”，结合单词的首字母可知，这里考查的是plane，意为“飞机”。故答案为plane。
Passage 5（2020 •扬州市）
根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上, 完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。
Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born. We w ____66____ whether we should move back to our home country Brazil. I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how different his life would be there.
During the ten years away from my big family and my culture, I missed the delicious foods, samba, Brazilian jujitsu(柔术), and sunny skies. My wife m____67____ our homeland too. As a musician, it would be e____68____ for her to do her work in Brazil. But in the United Kingdom, I had the funding and lab resources for my research. Would such a move be a disadvantage to my career?
A few weeks later, my brother called from Brazil, telling me that our father had passed away. The great happiness I felt about my son’s birth suddenly gave way to deep s____69____. We had no doubt it was the right time to r ____70____ to Brazil. We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and b____71____ received offers.
H ____72____, it wasn’t easy getting started with my research in Brazil. I didn’t receive any start-up funding for my lab. Now, thanks to Brazilian funding, I have a team of bright young scientists and can a____73____ expensive lab resources.
We are living the lives we wanted to live-working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and c ____74____in our home country. My son is growing up close to his cousins. I take up Brazilian jujitsu training, which I haven’t been able to do during my years a_____75_____. My wife and I feel happy to find a way home.
本文介绍作者和妻子因为家庭变故举家搬回祖国巴西的经历。
66. wondered【解析】句意：我们想知道我们是否应该搬回到我们的祖国巴西。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作谓语，表示“想知道”，可用wonder表示，根据前文“Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born.”可知，本文陈述过去的事情，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用其过去式形式。故填wondered。
67. missed【解析】句意：我的妻子也想念我们的故乡。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作谓语，表示“思念”，可用miss表示，根据前文“Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born.”可知，本文陈述过去的事情，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用其过去式形式。故填missed。
68. easier【解析】句意：作为一名音乐家，对她来说在巴西工作将会更容易。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作表语，表示“容易的，简单的”，可用easy表示，分析语境可知，此处暗含比较含义，所以用其形容词比较级形式。故填easier。
69. sadness【解析】句意：儿子出生带给我的巨大幸福突然化为深深的悲痛。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作宾语，表示“悲痛”，可用sadness表示，sadness是不可数名词，所以用其原形即可。故填sadness。
70. return【解析】句意：我们毫不怀疑这就是回到巴西的正确时间。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处表示“返回，回到”，可用return表示，用于“it is the+ adj+ time to do sth”结构中，所以用其原形即可。故填return。
71. both【解析】句意：我们申请了家乡一所大学的教授职位，并且两人都收到了录用通知。根据首字母提示和前半句“We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown”可知，此处表示“两者都”，可用both表示，指代前半句中的we，所以用其原形即可。故填both。
72. However【解析】句意：然而，在巴西开始我的研究并不容易。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中构成转折关系，表示“然而”，可用however表示，用于句首需大写首字母。故填However。
73. afford【解析】句意：现在，多亏了巴西的资助，我拥有了一个由聪明的年轻科学家组成的团队，并且能负担得起昂贵的实验室资源。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作谓语，表示“负担得起”，可用afford表示，又因为用于情态动词can之后，所以用其动词原形即可。故填afford。
74. culture【解析】句意：我们过着我们想要的生活——从事有意义的研究，感觉离我们家乡的家庭和文化更近了。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作宾语，表示“文化”，可用culture表示，culture是不可数名词，所以用其原形即可。故填culture。
75. away【解析】句意：我开始进行巴西柔术训练，这是我多年来在外面无法做到的。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作状语，表示“在外面”，可用away表示，所以用其副词形式即可。故填away。
Passage 6（2020 •镇江市）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
A man had a garden. He planted a rose and watered it c___46___. Before the rose blossomed(盛开), he noticed many thorns(刺) around the bud(花蕾) and he thought, “H___47___ can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns?” Because of this i___48___, he lost interest in this kind of plant, then he gave up watering the rose. And just b___49___ it was ready to blossom, it died.
Good qualities are just like roses. There is a rose in e___50___ spirit. The good qualities planted in us at birth, grow among the thorns — our weaknesses. Many of us look at o___51___ and we only see our weaknesses. We lose heart, thinking that n___52___ good can possibly come from us. We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die. We never realize the g___53___ of being able to find out our good qualities.
Someone may not see the rose in himself, so we need to help him d___54___ the rose. With love, we can accept a person into our life, even though we know his true weaknesses. At the same time, we should e____55____ him to face his weaknesses bravely and correct them. Then he will blossom many times.
本文是一篇说明文，把玫瑰比喻作人的优点，人们要做的是找出这些优点并呵护它们。
46. carefully【解析】句意：他种下了一朵玫瑰，并小心翼翼地为它浇水。空格处所给首字母为c。根据下文Because of this idea, he lost interest in this kind of plant可知，这个人原本对这朵玫瑰充满了兴趣，所以照料起来也是十分仔细、小心翼翼的。carefully作副词，意为“小心翼翼地”，修饰谓语watered，故答案为carefully。
47. How【解析】句意：长有这么多尖刺的植物怎么会开出美丽的花呢？空格处所给首字母为H。根据下文then he gave up watering the rose可知，玫瑰长有刺让他无法接受，故此处说的是“长有这么多尖刺的植物怎么会开出美丽的花呢？”。故答案为How。
48. idea【解析】句意：因为这个想法，他对玫瑰这种植物失去了兴趣。空格处所给首字母为i。根据上文How can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns?可知，此处说的是“因为这个想法，他对玫瑰这种植物失去了兴趣”。idea作名词，意为“想法”，空格前为指示代词this，故idea应用单数形式，故答案为idea。
49. before【解析】句意：在它准备开花前，它就枯死了。空格处所给首字母为b。根据上文then he gave up watering the rose可知，他不再给玫瑰浇水了，所以花开之前，花就枯死了。before作介词，意为“在……之前”，符合句意，故答案为before。
50. every/each/ everyone's/everybody's【解析】句意：每个人的精神世界里都有一朵玫瑰。空格处所给首字母为e。结合上下文Good qualities are just like roses和The good qualities planted in us at birth可知，一个人的好品质就像玫瑰，此处说的是“每个人的精神世界里都有一朵玫瑰”。故答案为every/ each/ everyone’s/ everybody’s。
51. ourselves【解析】句意：我们中的许多人只看到自己的弱点。空格处所给首字母为o。根据下文We lose heart, thinking that nothing good can possibly come from us可知，此处说的是“我们中的许多人只看到自己的弱点”。ourselves作反身代词，意为“我们自己”，符合句意，故答案为ourselves。
52. nothing【解析】句意：我们失去了信心，认为自己身上不会有什么好品质。空格处所给首字母为n。根据上文Many of us look at ourselves and we only see our weaknesses可知，很多人只看到了自己的缺点，故此处说的是“我们失去了信心，认为自己身上不会有什么好品质”。nothing作代词，意为“没有什么”，符合句意，故答案为nothing。
53. gift(s)【解析】句意：我们从来没有意识到自己拥有能够发现自己的优点的天赋。空格处所给首字母为g。根据上文We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die可知，人们放弃了发现培养自己的好品质，任由它们渐渐消失，故此处说的是“我们从来没有意识到自己拥有能够发现自己的优点的天赋”。gift作名词，意为“天赋”，此处无明显提示词，故名词gift可用单数或复数形式，故答案为gift(s)。
54. discover【解析】句意：所以我们需要帮助他发现自己的那朵玫瑰。空格处所给首字母为d。根据上文Someone may not see the rose in himself可知，有些人没有发现自己所拥有的玫瑰（指好品质），故此处说的是“所以我们需要帮助他发现自己的那朵玫瑰”。discover作动词，意为“发现”，且位于help sb. do sth.结构中，故答案为discover。
55. encourage【解析】句意：同时，我们应该鼓励他勇敢地面对自己的弱点并加以改正。空格处所给首字母为e。根据下文face his weaknesses bravely and correct them可知，一个人要面对自己的弱点并改正它们是需要很大的勇气的，所以要鼓励他们去这么做。故此处说的是“同时，我们应该鼓励他勇敢地面对自己的弱点并加以改正”。encourage作动词，意为“鼓励”，空格前为情态动词should，故encourage应用原形，故答案为encourage。
Passage 7（2020 •上海市）
"Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!" Henry cried loudly． "I'm not eating this!" Henry's mum and dad looked at each other．This was the second time this week that Henry had c81． about his dinner．
"We're going to let you take over dinnertime．You can pick the food and cook your meals，'Mum said．
"Good．We're going to eat good food every night!" Henry answered．
The next day，Henry sat down to write the meal p82．"We're going to have chicken tonight，and noodles tomorrow，" Henry said．
"Are we going to have anything e83．besides chicken？We need to have at least one vegetable for each meal，"，said Mum．
"We can have cabbage，"Henry said．
After he finished shopping，it was time to make his f84．meal．He believed that this would be his favourite meal．Since he had never cooked，his parents were both there to help him． "There's a lot to do，"Henry thought，as he looked at the mess in the kitchen．He was usually playing games outside while his parents were making dinner．
It took almost two hours to cook．When dinner was finally finished，Henry was tired and h85．．But he was so excited—he made dinner!
"I don't like cabbage，" cried Sophia，Henry's little sister，at the table．Henry felt quite upset．He had worked so hard on dinner，but it was i86．to get everyone happy about every part of every meal!
"I'm sorry．I didn't know this could be so hard，" Henry felt like he might cry．He began to r87．how his parents felt every time at the dinner table．
"It's 0K，Henry．You worked really hard．We' ll take back dinner responsibilities． You'll have to do it enough when you're grown up，"Dad said．
Henry felt released．He happily finished his dinner and never got angry at dinner table again．
文章主要讲Herry因对晚饭所吃的食物不满而爸妈提议以后让他自己做饭的故事。故事中，Herry按照计划好的菜单计划去购物，然后花了差不多两个小时的时间做好饭，最后他的妹妹却说不喜欢卷心菜。这时，他才意识到做大家都满意的饭菜是很难的，并意识到了每次父母吃饭时的感受，最后他得到了父母的理解并释怀了，以后再也不会在吃饭时生气了。
81．complained【解析】句意：这是亨利本周第二次抱怨他的晚餐了。考查动词。由上文“Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!...I'm not eating this!”可知，“亨利不喜欢吃肉丸——他对晚饭不满”。那么，结合首字母提示可知空格处表示“抱怨（complain）”。再根据句子结构（had+过去分词）可知，题干应用过去完成时。故答案为complained。
82．plan【解析】句意：亨利坐下来写用餐计划。考查名词。由下文“We're going to have chicken tonight，and noodles tomorrow”及首字母提示可知，上文句意为“亨利坐下来写用餐计划”，所以空格处应填plan，“计划”，名词。故答案为plan。
83．else【解析】句意：除了鸡肉，我们还吃别的吗？考查形容词。由下文“We need to have at least one vegetable for each meal”及首字母提示可知，上文句意为“除了鸡肉，我们还吃别的吗？”所以空格处应填else，“其他的”，形容词，常用于不定代词后。故答案为else。
84．first【解析】句意：他买完东西后，该是他做第一顿饭的时间了。考查序数词。根据上下文及首字母提示可知，“这是亨利第一次做饭”，所以此空应填first，“第一”，序数词。故答案为first。
85．hungry【解析】句意，当晚饭终于做好了，Herry（感到）又累又饿。考查形容词。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此空应填hungry，“饥饿的”，形容词，在句中作表语。故答案为hungry。
86．impossible【解析】句意：但要让每个人对每顿饭的每一部分都感到高兴是不可能的！考查形容词。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此空应填impossible，“不可能的”，形容词。It is/was+形容词+(for sb.)to do sth.是固定句式，意为“（对某人而言）做某事是……”。故答案为impossible。
87．realize【解析】句意：他开始意识到他父母每次吃饭时的感受。考查动词。begin to do sth.开始做某事，固定搭配。再根据句意及首字母提示可知，此空应填realize，“意识到”，动词。故答案为realize。
【点睛】
题目要求根据首字母提示填写适当的单词补全短文，考查学生对语境的理解能力及对所学词汇的把握和运用能力。做题时，应先把上下文语境或句意与首字母提示结合起来，推出所需单词，然后根据语法知识填写单词的适当形式。
Passage 8（2020 •四川攀枝花）
Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything through his whole life. W61．you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her a62．. When you are ill, she stops her work at once to look after you day and night and forgets about h63．.
When you are g64．up day by day, mother feels very happy. When you are old e65．to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on more clothes. She always stands in the wind waiting for you back f66．school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels w67．about you at home. She usually knows your study and s68．much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be seen on her f69．.
Mother is always ready to give everything she h70．to her children, but not to receive. What true love that is in the world！We will remember Mother Love forever.
本文是一篇说明文，阐述了母爱是世界上最真实、伟大的爱。并且详细阐述了在一个人成长的过程中，母爱是如何伴随着我们。
61．When【解析】句意：当你还是一个小婴儿，母亲尽可能多地照顾你。此处引导一个从句，根据首字母w，可知是表时间，用when引导，意为“当……时”，故答案为When。
62．arms【解析】句意：当你醒着时，她总是把你搂在臂弯中。此处作介词in的宾语，用名词；根据前文holds you，可知此处是arm手臂，此处用复数，表示“双臂中”，故答案为arms。
63．herself【解析】句意：当你生病了，她立刻停下工作，日日夜夜地照顾你，忘了她自己。此处作介词about的宾语，又指的是主语mother，可知用反身代词，故答案为herself。
64．growing【解析】句意：当你一天天长大，母亲非常开心。此处和其前be动词构成现在进行时be doing，可知填现在分词；根据语境和首字母g，可知是动词短语grow up长大，故答案为growing。
65．enough【解析】句意：当你年龄大到足够去上学，妈妈仍然一直照顾着你。此处修饰其前形容词old，应该用副词；根据首字母e，可知是enough足够，是副词，构成固定搭配be+adj.+enough+to do，意为“足够……做某事”，故答案为enough。
66．from【解析】句意：她总是站在风中，等你从学校回来。此处缺介词，根据首字母f，可知是from，意为“从……”，故答案为from。
67．worried【解析】句意：当你几乎不吃早餐，匆忙离开家去学校，她总是在家担心着你。此处作表语，构成固定词组feel worried about，意为“担心”，故答案为worried。
68．spends【解析】句意：她通常知道你的学习情况，花许多钱在你的学习资料上。此处和前文knows一起作并列谓语，可知也用动词三单；根据固定搭配spend money on sth.，意为“花费金钱在某事上”，可知用spend，主语为she，故答案为spends。
69．face【解析】句意：当你在学校表现好了，最明亮的笑容会出现在她脸上。此处作介词on的宾语，用名词；根据前文说是微笑，可知此处是face脸，是名词，空格前为her，名词用单数，故答案为face。
70．has【解析】句意：母亲总是准备把她拥有的一切给孩子，但从不奢求回报。此处作定语从句的谓语，根据宾语为everything，可知此处是have，意为“拥有”；根据主语she为三单，可知动词也用三单，故答案为has。
Passage 9（2020 •天津市）
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’? This is just another way of saying that it’s n56． to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home?
What do you like best about being at home? Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e57． staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a58． thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks? Is it your comfortable b59． that you sleep on? Maybe you like to have a q60． place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s61． about your day.
How do you help at home?
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭杂务) l62． cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house? When families work t63． to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h64． lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w65． you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
文章介绍了谚语“回家真好”，人们喜欢家里的什么，以及在家能帮忙做什么家务事等等。
56．nice【解析】句意：这只是另一种方式说回家很好！根据句意理解及前句Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home”?可知，这里表达的是“回家真好”，空格表示的是“好的”，在句中作表语，所以用形容词nice，故答案为nice。
57．enjoy【解析】句意：也许你喜欢和爸爸妈妈呆在一起。根据句意理解及前句Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters.可知，这里表达的是“喜欢”，英语是enjoy，前句用的是一般现在时，所以这里也用一般现在时，主语是第二人称，所以动词用原形，故答案为enjoy。
58．another【解析】句意：你的卧室是另一个让家变得特别的东西。根据句意理解及前句Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.可知，这里表达的是“另一个”，英语是another，表示不确定数目的另一个，故答案为another。
59．bed【解析】句意：这是你在上面睡的舒适的床吗？根据句意理解及空格后that you sleep on可知，这里说的是“床”，英语是bed，而这里指的是“你睡觉的床”，所以应该用单数形式，故答案为bed。
60．quiet【解析】句意：也许你喜欢有一个安静的地方看书或思考你的一天。根据句意理解及后句to read a book or to think about your day可知，这里表达的是“安静的”，英语是quiet，在句中修饰的是空格后面的名词place，故答案为quiet。
61．stories【解析】句意：现在是分享你一天中有趣故事的时候了。根据句意理解及空格前的share interesting以及空格后的about your day可知，这里指的是“故事”，英语是story，是一个可数名词，所以这里应该用复数形式，表示很多有趣的故事，故答案为stories。
62．like【解析】句意：你家里的家务活是谁干的，比如打扫卫生、做饭和庭院劳动？根据句意理解及空格后面的cleaning, cooking, and yardwork可知，空格后面是举例家务，所以这里表达的是“像，比如”，英语是介词like，故答案为like。
63．together【解析】句意：当一家人一起做家务时……根据句意理解及后句it makes them easier and more fun for everyone.可知，这里表达的是“一起工作”，英语是work together，所以空格缺的是“一起”，故答案为together。
64．help【解析】句意：也许你可以帮忙摆好餐桌或者清洁一下。根据句意理解及后句lay the dinner table or clear the places可知，这里表达的是“帮助”，英语是help，而空格前有情态动词can，所以这里应该用动词原形，故答案为help。
65．when【解析】句意：想想你能做些什么，这样当你每天回家时，你可以说，“家，温馨的家！”根据句意理解可知，这里是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句，所以空格缺的是时间状语从句的连词，表示的是“当……时”，所以空格应该用when来引导，故答案为when。
Passage 10 （2020 •赤峰市）
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’? This is just another way of saying that it’s n56． to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home?
What do you like best about being at home? Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e57． staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a58． thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks? Is it your comfortable b59． that you sleep on? Maybe you like to have a q60． place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s61． about your day.
How do you help at home?
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭杂务) l62． cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house? When families work t63． to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h64． lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w65． you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
文章介绍了谚语“回家真好”，人们喜欢家里的什么，以及在家能帮忙做什么家务事等等。
56．nice【解析】句意：这只是另一种方式说回家很好！根据句意理解及前句Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home”?可知，这里表达的是“回家真好”，空格表示的是“好的”，在句中作表语，所以用形容词nice，故答案为nice。
57．enjoy【解析】句意：也许你喜欢和爸爸妈妈呆在一起。根据句意理解及前句Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters.可知，这里表达的是“喜欢”，英语是enjoy，前句用的是一般现在时，所以这里也用一般现在时，主语是第二人称，所以动词用原形，故答案为enjoy。
58．another【解析】句意：你的卧室是另一个让家变得特别的东西。根据句意理解及前句Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.可知，这里表达的是“另一个”，英语是another，表示不确定数目的另一个，故答案为another。
59．bed【解析】句意：这是你在上面睡的舒适的床吗？根据句意理解及空格后that you sleep on可知，这里说的是“床”，英语是bed，而这里指的是“你睡觉的床”，所以应该用单数形式，故答案为bed。
60．quiet【解析】句意：也许你喜欢有一个安静的地方看书或思考你的一天。根据句意理解及后句to read a book or to think about your day可知，这里表达的是“安静的”，英语是quiet，在句中修饰的是空格后面的名词place，故答案为quiet。
61．stories【解析】句意：现在是分享你一天中有趣故事的时候了。根据句意理解及空格前的share interesting以及空格后的about your day可知，这里指的是“故事”，英语是story，是一个可数名词，所以这里应该用复数形式，表示很多有趣的故事，故答案为stories。
62．like【解析】句意：你家里的家务活是谁干的，比如打扫卫生、做饭和庭院劳动？根据句意理解及空格后面的cleaning, cooking, and yardwork可知，空格后面是举例家务，所以这里表达的是“像，比如”，英语是介词like，故答案为like。
63．together【解析】句意：当一家人一起做家务时……根据句意理解及后句it makes them easier and more fun for everyone.可知，这里表达的是“一起工作”，英语是work together，所以空格缺的是“一起”，故答案为together。
64．help【解析】句意：也许你可以帮忙摆好餐桌或者清洁一下。根据句意理解及后句lay the dinner table or clear the places可知，这里表达的是“帮助”，英语是help，而空格前有情态动词can，所以这里应该用动词原形，故答案为help。
65．when【解析】句意：想想你能做些什么，这样当你每天回家时，你可以说，“家，温馨的家！”根据句意理解可知，这里是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句，所以空格缺的是时间状语从句的连词，表示的是“当……时”，所以空格应该用when来引导，故答案为when。
Passage 11【2020•湖北省咸宁市】
短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处写出适当的单词，单词首字母已给出。(有的词请注意词形的变化！)
When I was a child, my mom liked to make food for dinner every now and then. One night she made d___41___ after a long, hard work.
That evening, my mom placed a plate of eggs, sausages and burned (烤焦的) c___42___ in front of my dad. I was waiting to s___43___ if anyone would say anything. Yet my dad just reached for his cookies, smiled a___44___ my mom and asked me how my day was at school. I didn't remember what I told him that night, b___45___ I clearly remembered watching him eat every bite of the cookies!
When I got up from the table that evening I heard my mom apologize (道歡) to my dad for b___46___ the cookies. And I will never forget what he s___47___: "Dear, I love the burned cookies."
Later that night, I went to kiss Dad goodnight and I a___48___ him if he really liked his burned cookies. He hugged me and said: "Your mom had a h___49___ work today, and she's very tired. Besides, a little burned cookie never hurts a____50____!"
Life is f____51____ of imperfect (不完美的) things and imperfect people. We n____52____ to learn to accept each other's faults (过失) and enjoy each other's differences. Try to understand it and change our mind.
这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者的母亲工作辛苦一天后做饭，把饼干烧焦了，作者的父亲没有任何怨言地吃掉了每块饼干并表示喜欢烧焦的饼干。作者询问父亲是否真的喜欢烧焦的饼干，父亲认为一点烧焦的饼干不会伤害任何人。由此启发读者学会接受每个人的过失，享受每个人的不同点，试着去理解并改变自己的想法。
41. dinner 【解析】句意：一天晚上她在长时间辛苦工作之后做饭。根据“my mom liked to make food for dinner”及首字母提示可知此处用made dinner表示“做饭”。故答案为dinner。
42. cookies 【解析】句意：那天晚上，我妈妈放了一盘鸡蛋、烤肠和烧焦的饼干在我爸爸面前。
根据后文“my dad just reached for his cookies”可知此处用复数名词cookies表示“饼干”。故答案为cookies。
43. see【解析】句意：我等着看是否有人会说什么。此处用wait to do表示“等着做某事”，根据首字母提示可知用动词原形see表示“看”。故答案为see。
44. at 【解析】句意：然而我爸爸只是伸向他的饼干，朝着我妈妈微笑，问我在学校怎样。此处用动词短语smile at sb.表示“向某人微笑”；此处用介词at。故答案为at。
45. but【解析】句意：我不记得我那晚告诉了他什么，但是我清晰地记得我看着他吃完每一块饼干。前后句子是转折关系，此处用连词but表示“但是”。故答案为but。
46. burning 【解析】句意：那晚当我从桌子旁起身，我听到我妈妈因为烧焦的饼干给爸爸道歉。表示“道歉”用apologize to sb. for sth./doing；此处介词for后面用名词或动名词；根据前文“burned”可知此处用动名词burning表示“烧焦”。故答案为burning。
47. said 【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记我爸爸说的话：“亲爱的，我喜欢烧焦的饼干。”根据引号内容可知此处用动词表示“说”；说话是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时态，此处用动词的过去式said。故答案为said。
48. asked【解析】句意：那晚的晚些时候，我去给爸爸道晚安，我问他是否他真的喜欢烧焦的饼干。
此处缺谓语动词，句子是一般过去时态。根据“if he really liked his burned cookies”及首字母提示可知此处用动词asked表示“问”。故答案为asked。
49. hard【解析】句意：今天你妈妈工作很辛苦。根据前文“after a long, hard work”以及后文“she's very tired”可知此处用短语have a hard work表示“工作辛苦”。故答案为hard。
50. anyone/anybody【解析】句意：而且，一点烧焦的饼干不会伤害任何人。根据never可知是否定，此处表示“任何人”用不定代词anyone或者anybody。故答案为anyone/anybody。
51. full【解析】句意：生活充满着不完美的事情和不完美的人。根据首字母提示可知用短语be full of表示“充满”。故答案为full。
52. need【解析】句意：我们需要学会接受每个人的过失，享受每个人的不同点。此处缺谓语动词，根据首字母提示可知此处用need to do表示“需要”。故答案为need。
Passage 12【2020•武汉市】
阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Boyan Slat has one huge goal. It's a goal that could be good for people and a____51____all over the world. Amazingly, it looks like he's going to m____52____his goal.
When he was 16 Dutch engineering student Slat was on vacation in Greece, and he started to think about all the rubbish that is p____53____onto beaches by water. The oceans around the world are all of plastic—millions of tons of plastic. Unfortunately, plastic doesn't just disappear. It takes c____54____to break down (分解).
The p____55____situation of the oceans is bad and worrying and Slat wanted to do something to change it. So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the world's oceans.
Slat started with an idea for an unusual m____56____to "catch" the plastic floating (漂浮) in the water using the natural energy of the ocean. He left school in 2013 to begin work on his project The Ocean Cleanup. Soon, the project r____57____a lot of attention.
A year later, he was leading a team of 100 scientists and engineers working on the invention. Slat needed money for this, so he started asking people to d____58____to his project online and raised over $ 2 million!
Soon after, Slat was named a "Champion of the Earth" by the United Nations for his meaningful and v____59____ work. It's the most important title the UN gives to people helping the environment. The Ocean Cleanup also won several awards (奖项) for having one of the best inventions of 2015. But the d_____60_____goes on for Slat. He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years.
这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是柏杨·史莱特看到海上的垃圾受到启发，立下一个目标：清理全世界海洋的垃圾。他努力朝着自己的目标努力，并被誉为“地球卫士”，他的发明也获得了多个奖项。
51. animals【解析】句意：这个目标可能有利于全世界的人和动物。根据“So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the world's oceans.”可知，他的目标是清理海洋垃圾，结合所给首字母a可推断，此处表达的是：这不仅有益于人类也有益于动物，animal动物，名词复数表示泛指，故答案是animals。
52. meet【解析】句意：令人惊讶的是，他好像要实现他的目标了。根据上文说到他有一个目标以及“Amazingly”可推断，这里要表达的是要实现这个目标了，meet one’s goal实现某人的目标，固定短语，故答案是meet。
53. pushed【解析】句意：他开始思考所有被水冲到海滩上的垃圾。根据句意和常识可知，这里指的是垃圾被水冲到海滩上，结合所给的首字母p可联想到，具有该意思单词是push；本句是一般现在时的被动语态，所以push要变成过去分词pushed，故答案是pushed。
54. centuries【解析】句意：它需要花上几个世纪才能分解。根据句型“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”可知，空处填的是表示时间的词；结合常识可知，有些塑料垃圾需要几百年才可能被分解，空处缺少的信息是：几百年；根据首字母提示，符合词意的单词是century百年，因为是概数，需要用复数表泛指，故答案是centuries。
55. present【解析】句意：海洋的现状很不好，令人非常担心，于是史莱特想做点什么来改变它。根据上文“Unfortunately, plastic doesn't just disappear. It takes centuries to break down.”可知，这里讲的是海洋的现状很糟糕，很令人担忧，空处缺少的信息是：现在的，当前的；根据首字母提示，符合词意的单词是present，故答案是present。
56. machine【解析】句意：史莱特开始于一个想法，用一个不寻常的机器利用海洋的天然能源来“抓住”飘在水里的垃圾。根据“working on the invention”和“catch”可知，这里指的是可以抓垃圾的发明，结合常识和首字母推断，这里应该是机器machine；根据空前的“an”可知，此处用单数，故答案是machine。
57. received【解析】句意：很快，这个项目受到了很多人的关注。根据句意可知，这里指的是受到了许多人的关注，结合首字母，符合词意的单词是receive，因这里讲的是过去的事情，所以用过去式received，故答案是received。
58. donate【解析】句意：史莱特需要钱来做这个，所以他开始号召人们在网上为他的项目募捐，并筹集了超过200万美元！根据“ raised over $ 2 million”可知，空格处指的是募捐，结合首字母，符合词意的单词是donate，ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，to后跟动词原形，故答案是donate。
59. valuable【解析】句意：不久之后，史莱特因其有意义且有价值的工作被联合国任命为“地球卫士”。
根据“Champion of the Earth”可知，能授予这个称号，一定是这个发明是有意义有价值的，空处应该是有价值的，valuable有价值的，故答案是valuable。
60. dream【解析】句意：但是史莱特的梦想仍在继续。根据上文可知，他已经受到肯定并获得了许多奖项，空前有个“but”，结合“He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years.”可知，他的梦想仍在继续，dream梦想，根据“goes on”可知，此处用单数，故答案是dream。
Passage 13【2020•湖北省恩施州】
A new bridge was just opened on Oct. 24, 2018. It is the Hong Kong Zhuhai-Macao Bridge( HZMB). Its construction b 56． in December, 2009 and it was opened to traffic on Oct.24, 2018. It costs over 120 billion yuan . Now, it's the longest cross-sea bridge in the world. The bridge looks l 57． the letter “Y”. It's also regarded as one of the seven wonders of the modern world.
The HZMB is unique in many ways. It has a service life of 120 years, 20 years longer t 58． most bridges. It's not only a bridge but includes a tunnel and two islands. In one part, the bridge turns into a 6.7 km-long undersea tunnel that passes through two man-made islands.
The HZMB will make it much f 59． to travel among the three areas it connects. The Y-shapes bridge will cut travel t 60． between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to just 30 minutes.
本文主要介绍了港珠澳大桥的建立以及它的独特之处。
56．began【解析】句意：它于2009年12月开始建设，2018年10月24日正式通车。根据 it was opened to traffic on Oct.24, 2018.可知，先开始建设，然后通车，根据in December, 2009，此处用一般过去时，故填began。
57．like【解析】句意：这座大桥看起来像字母“Y”。look like“看起来像”，故填like。
58．than【解析】句意：它的使用寿命为120年，比大多数桥梁长20年。根据longer可知，此处是比较级，故填than。
59．faster【解析】句意：港珠澳大桥将使其连接的三个地区之间的交通更加快捷。根据后文的“The Y-shapes bridge will cut travel t 　60　 between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to just 30 minutes.”可知，这座大桥缩短了三个地区之间的旅行时间，因此更快了，根据much此处用比较级，故填faster。
60．time【解析】句意：这座Y形大桥将把香港和珠海之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到30分钟。根据“ from three hours to just 30 minutes.”可知，此处表示缩短了旅行时间，故填time。

【2019年】
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点1首字母填空
Passage 1（2019 •天津市）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整．每空限填一词。
The villagers in Mhangeni， Africa． faced a very big challenge（挑战）．They didn't have a school for their kids．
Then the village elder thought of an （1）i　dea　． He said that there was an old， abandoned （废弃的）farmhouse． It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing（装设备）it． All the villagers were （2）p　leased　with his suggestion and started the project immediately． The parents repaired the broken walls． Some villagers （3）d　ivided　the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood． The others helped make desks and chairs for the students． Still， there was much more work to do． But the rains were coming． They had to （4）s　top　working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant．
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by （5）t　hemselves　．They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened．They didn't want to delay（耽搁） their studies． Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes（灌木）．
The news about the project （6）s　pread　and many people knew it． Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help out． and two foreign visitors were also touched （感动） by the children's （7）a　ctions　．They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery．
After 10 days of hard work， the new school was （8）r　eady　．The kids were very happy but a bit worried﹣they were behind in their studies．
Besides（除…之外）this， they also faced many （9）d　ifficulties　．There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students． And two or three students had to share one book．
However， the children are happy to study in school﹣（10）e　specially　in their new school which they helped to build． Though their school might not be modern， their dream of having a school near their homes has come true．
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】非洲Mhangeni的村民面临一个严重的问题．他们村子没有学校，他们一起努力给孩子们建了一所学校，虽然学校很简陋，但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习．
1．idea 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：村子里的老者想出来一个主意．i开头的单词，idea意见，想法．符合语境．故答案为：idea．
2．pleased 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：所有的村民对他的建议很满意，并开始开始了这个工厂．p开头的单词，pleased满意的，be pleased with对……满意．符合语境．故答案为：pleased．
3． divided 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室．d开头的单词，divide分开，divide……into把……分成……符合语境．根据语境，需要使用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided．故答案为：divided．
4．stop 【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：他们不得不停止工作，因为现在对他们来说，是最好的种植的时间．s开头，stop停止，stop doing停止做．符合语境．had to后面接动词原形．故答案为：stop．
5．themselves 【解析】考查反身代词；分析语境，此处表示：所以，Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子，themselves他们自己，符合语境．故答案为：themselves．
6．spread 【解析】考查动词；此处意思为：关于这个项目的消息传播出去，很多人都知道它了．s开头，spread传播，符合语境．根据语境，此处需要用一般过去时，spread的过去式是spread．故答案为：spread．
7．actions 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：而且，两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了．a开头的词，action行动，可数名词，此处表示孩子们的行动，用可数名词的复数形式．故答案为：actions．
8．ready 【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：经过10天的努力工作后，新学校已经准备好了．r开头的词，ready准备好的．符合语境．故答案为：ready．
9．difficulties 【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：除此之外，他们还面临了很多困难．d开头，difficulty困难，可数名词，前面有many，此处需要用名词复数形式．difficulty的复数形式是difficulties．故答案为：difficulties．
10．especially 【解析】考查副词；分析语境，此处表示：然而，孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里．e开头的词，especially尤其．符合语境．故答案为：especially．
【点评】此类题目，需要分析语境，并且需要熟记单词，再结合语法结构，便可得出正确答案．
Passage 2（2019 •湖北省武汉市）
阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
It was at an exhibition of the artist’s works organized by the Red Cross. I was invited as a special g___51___to attend the exhibition. During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature(签名).
“I haven’t brought my pen. Is the p___52___okay?” Actually, I knew they wouldn’t r___53___. I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___54___readers.
“Certainly,” the young girls readily a___55___. I could see they were very excited. Of course, their excitement also made me feel more pleased and satisfied. One of the girls h___56___her fine notebook to me. I turned over the cover of the notebook, wrote a few words of encouragement n____57____and signed my name. The girl read my signature, frowned (皱眉), looked at me carefully and asked, “Aren’t you Robert Char?”
“No,” I told her proudly, “I’m the author of Alice Adams, the w___58___of two Pulitzer Prizes.”
The young girl turned to the o___59___,shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Mary, lend your rubber to me.” At that moment, all my p____60____turned into a bubble (泡泡) immediately. Since then, I always warn myself: no matter how outstanding you are, don’t think highly of yourself.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述我应邀参加红十字会举办的艺术家作品展，之前我非常的自豪和骄傲。两个小女孩找我要签名，我给其中一个女孩签完名后，女孩非常吃惊，我不是罗伯特查尔，我在那里自夸自己获得两次普利策奖。然而这个小女孩向另一个小女孩借了橡皮擦掉了我的签名。自此，作者经常警示自己：无论你多么优秀，不要过高地赞扬你自己。
51. guest 句意“我作为一个特邀嘉宾参加了这个展览”。根据句意可知，表示“特邀嘉宾”。guest客人，且根据空前a可知，用单数，故填guest。
52. pencil 句意“我没带钢笔，铅笔可以吗？”。根据Mary, lend your rubber to me可知，一个女孩向另一个女孩借橡皮擦我的签名，所以空处表示“铅笔”。pencil铅笔，且根据is可知，用单数，故填pencil。
53. refuse 句意“事实上，我知道他们不会拒绝”。根据I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___4___readers可知，我认为她们不会拒绝，我只想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为。refuse拒绝，且根据空前wouldn’t可知，用动词原形，故填refuse。
54. common 句意“我仅仅想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为”。根据首字母可知，表示“普通的读者”。common普通的，故填common。
55. agreed 句意““当然”，这个小女孩很乐意地同意了”。根据文意可知，我没有带钢笔，所以问他们铅笔可不可以，他们同意用铅笔。agree同意，且根据全文可知，用一般过去时，故填agreed。
56. handed 句意“其中的一个小女孩将她精美的笔记本递给我”。根据文意可知，小女孩找我要签名，所以他们将本子递给我。hand递，且根据全文可知，用一般过去时，故填handed。
57. naturally 句意“我翻开笔记本的封面，自然而然地写了几个鼓励的词并且签了我的名字”。根据句意可知，表示很自然地写下几个鼓励的单词，且空处修饰动词wrote，用副词，故填naturally。
58. winner 句意“我是《寂寞芳心》的作者，两次普利策奖的获得者”。根据I told her proudly可知，表示我很自豪地告诉他们我是两次普利策奖的获奖者。winner赢家，获奖者，都是指“我”，用单数，故填winner。
59. other 句意“这个年轻的女孩转向另一个女孩，耸耸肩说：把你的橡皮借给我”。根据During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature可知，是两个女孩，所以表示“两者中另一个”，用the other，故填other。
60. pride 句意“在那个时候，所有我的自豪立刻都变成了泡沫”。根据I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___4___readers以及“No,” I told her proudly可知，之前我很自豪，所以我的自豪变成了泡沫。根据空前my可知，空处用名词。pride自豪，故填pride。
Passage 3（2019 •泰州市）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺。

Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you h_____71_____ of "third-hand" smoke?
Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces (表面) of things around, l______72______ furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco (烟草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette (香烟) has been put out. This can cause a great danger to your family, e_____73_____younger children.
Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is b_____74_____ they are often close to surfaces of things. Such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t_____75_____ these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.
So, it is necessary and important to say n_____76_____ to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict r_____77_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes o____78____ the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f_____79_____ smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby.
Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is s_______80_______". Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文介绍了“三手”烟的危害。“三手”烟是指：附着在家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的烟草颗粒。这会对家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。因为婴儿刚学会走路，当他们接触这些表面时，他们的手会受到污染。因此对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。应该制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。
71. heard 句意：但是你听说过“三手”烟吗？由语境和首字母提示可知，填：hear；hear of：听说。分析句子But have you h_____71_____ of "third-hand" smoke?的结构可知，本题为现在完成时的一般疑问句，其结构是：助动词has/have+动词的过去分词。故答案为：heard。
72. like 句意：第“三手”烟是指家具或衣服等周围物体表面上的污染物。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：like；like在这里用来表示举例，所以答案为：like。
73. especially 句意：这会对你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially；especially是个副词，表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是这种用法，用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子（younger children），来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。故答案为：especially。
74. because 句意：这是因为它们经常接近如地板、墙壁和家具上残留着烟草颗粒的物体的表面。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：because；根据Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. 婴儿刚学会走路。他们更有可能受到第三手烟的伤害。可知，因为婴儿刚学会走路，所以他们会扶着这些物体，因此接触的机会就多，因此会受到危害。这里解释了婴儿受到危害的原因，故答案为：because。
75. touch 句意：当他们接触这些表面时，他们的手会受到污染。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：touch；主句they get their hands polluted. 他们的手会受到污染。可知，本题的时态为一般现在时，因此再由when引导的时间状语从句中也用一般现在时，主语they是复数，因此谓语用动词原形。故答案为：touch。
76. no 句意：所以，对第三手烟说“不”是必要和重要的。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：no；say no to：对……说“不”；这里是指拒绝三手烟。故答案为：no。
77. rules 句意：为此，应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：rule；根据forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes禁止在家里吸烟，中的homes是复数，因此前面的名词应该用复数形式。故答案为：rules。
78. outside 句意：如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的，请确保他在屋外吸烟。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：outside；根据To achieve this, strict r_____77_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. 应制定严格的规定禁止在家里吸烟。可知，如果你的一个家庭成员有吸烟的，应该是让他在屋外吸烟。故答案为：outside。
79. finished 句意：给他买一件特别的夹克和帽子，等他抽完烟，他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：finish；根据he will take them off before getting inside the house. 他就在进屋前把它们脱掉。可知，进屋前，烟已经吸完了，因此动作是发生在过去。故用一般过去时，所以答案为：finished。
80. safe 句意：很多时候，你看不到烟对你的孩子有害，但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：safe；根据but表示转折，说明：尽管看不到烟对孩子的危害，但这并不意味着他或她是安全的。因此才有了下文的Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke. 戒烟，或者如果不可能的话，确保你所爱的人远离三手烟。所以答案为：safe。
【点睛】
英语首字母填空技巧
1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。
2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。
3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。例如：第3小题，句意：这会对你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危险。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially；especially是个副词，表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是这种用法，用especially来列举一个具有代表性的例子（younger children），来进一步强调“三手”烟的危害。故答案为：especially。
4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：
做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。
Passage 5（2019 •四川省南充市）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，把文中所缺词语补充出来，使短文完整正确（每空限填一词），并将该单词的完整形式写在答题卡相应编号后的横线上。
In some western countries, some people don't like the number 13 because they think 13 is an unlucky number. For example, they don't like to live on the thirteenth floor. One evening, Mr. Smith asked some friends to get t ______56______ . When all of his friends arrived, he asked them to sit at the table for d______57______. He began to c______58______ the people. Suddenly, he cried out, "Oh, there are thirteen people here!" Everyone's face looked pale e ______59______ Mr. Brown. He said with a smile, "Don't won't, my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. So we have f ______60______ people here." All of the friends became happy again. "Congratulations!" they said to Mr. Brown. They all had a good time that evening.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了在西方国家人们都不喜欢数字13，文中讲述了一个有趣的故事。
56. together 句意：一天晚上，史密斯先生让几个朋友聚在一起。根据文中Mr. Smith asked some friends to可知这里是聚在一起。短语get together表示聚在一起。根据句意，故填together。
57. dinner 句意：当他所有的朋友都到了，他请他们坐在桌旁吃饭。根据One evening, 和he asked them to sit at the table可知下文是他请他们坐在桌旁吃饭。dinner晚饭。根据句意，故填dinner。
58. count 句意：他开始数人数。根据下文he cried out, "Oh, there are thirteen people here!"可知上文是说说数数字。count的意思是“数数”根据句意，故填count。
59. except 句意：除了布朗先生，每个人的脸都显得苍白。except的意思是“除了”根据下文He said with a smile, "Don't wont', my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. So we have f ______60______ people here."可知这里是除了Mr. Brown。根据题意，故填except。
60. fourteen 句意：所以我们这里有14个人。根据上文Don't wont', my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks.可知这里是说14个人。根据句意，故填fourteen。
Passage 6（2019 •江苏省连云港市）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Every year in early October, Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is h _____51_____ in Albuquerque, the biggest city in New Mexico. Because of the great number of balloons, it is the world's 1 ______52______ ballooning event. For more than 30 years, guests from all over the world come to Albuquerque in October to celebrate ballooning. In 2018, over 900, 000 people a_____53_____ this event. There were over 500 balloons in the event with over 1,000 pilots. When h ______54______ of colorful balloons flew up high, the sky of Albuquerque became a moving cartoon. It was full of colors and special characters. It was a time when d ______55______came true and romance filled the sky. Grown-ups and children were amazed and joyful during the balloon festival.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述阿尔伯克基国际气球节，成年人和孩子们在节日上玩得都很开心。
51. held 句意“每年10月份早期，阿尔伯克基国际气球节在新墨西哥州的阿尔伯克基举行”。根据句意可知，译为“举行”。hold举行，且主语Albuquerque International Balloon Festival与谓语hold之间被动be done，故填held。
52. largest 句意“由于大量的气球，这是世界上最大的气球事件”。根据For more than 30 years, guests from all over the world come to Albuquerque in October to celebrate ballooning可知，译为最大的，用最高级，故填largest。
53. attended 句意“在2018年，超过90万人参加了这个事件”。根据句意可知，译为“参加”。attend参加，且根据in 2018可知，用一般过去时，故填attended。
54. hundreds 句意“当成百上千个五彩缤纷的气球飞向天空时，阿尔伯克基的天空变成了移动的卡通”。根据句意可知，译为“成百上千”，hundreds of成百上千的，故填hundreds。
55. dreams 句意“那是一个梦想成真、浪漫弥漫的时刻”。根据句意可知，译为“梦想成真”。dream梦想，且根据句意可知，用复数，故填dreams。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点1首字母填空
Passage 1（2019 •江苏省南京市）
请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为（1）-（10）的相应位置上。
Chinese writing is one of the world's greatest writing systems． It is more w（1）　 　 in use than alphabetic（字母的） writing systems． More than half of the world's books are written in Chinese， including historical writings and novels， along with writings on government and law．
At the beginning， written Chinese was a picture﹣based 1 （2）　 　． It dates back several thousand years to the u（3）　se　of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved （刻） by ancient Chinese people．Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in t （4）　 　hanzi．
By the Shang Dynasty， these symbols had become a well﹣developed writing system， Over the years， the system developed into different forms， as it was a time when people were d（5）　 　geographically， leading to different dialects（ 方言） and characters． This， however， c（6）　 　under Emperor Qishihuang of the Qin Dynasty．
Emperor Qinshihuang united（统一）the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction． That writing system was of great i（7）　 　in uniting the Chinese people and culture． Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak， they can all still c（8）　ommunicate　in writing． Written Chinese has also become an important method to c （9）　 　China's present with its past． People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times．
Today， Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture， As China plays a g（10）　 　role in the world， an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate（ 欣赏） China's culture through this amazing language． Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it goes．

【答案与解析】
【文章大意】文章介绍了中文写作系统历史发展。
（1）widely 考查副词．根据意思：它的使用比字母书写系统更为广泛。副词修饰动词，故填：widely。
（2）language 考查名词．根据意思：起初，书面汉语是一种基于图片的语言。填名词单数，语言language。故填：language。
（3）use 考查动词。根据意思：中国古代人在动物的骨头和贝壳上刻上符号可以追溯到几千年前。the use of...的使用，故填：use。
（4）today's 考查所有格。根据意思：在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到一些古老的符号，今天的today's。故填：today's。
（5）divided 考查动词。根据意思：多年来，这个体系发展成不同的形式，就像人们被隔离的时代一样。被动语态be done，故填divided。
（6）changed 考查动词。根据意思：然而，这在秦始皇统治下发生了变化。一般过去时态，故填changed．
（7）importance 考查名词。根据意思：这一写作体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义。be of great importance 有重要意义。故填importance。
（8）communicate 考查动词。根据意思：他们仍然可以书面交流。can后面加动词原形。故填communicate。
（9）connect 考查动词．根据意思：书面汉语也成为把中国现在和过去联系起来的重要方法。to do不定式，故填connect。
（10）great 考查形容词。根据意思：中国在世界上发挥着巨大的作用，形容词修饰名词，故填great。
Passage 2（2019 •湖北省咸宁市）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处写出适当的单词，单词首字母已给出。[有的词请注意词形的变化！]
Confucius is the greatest teacher in Chinese history. He was born on S___41___28th. 511B.C. in the Kingdom of Lu. in today’s Shandong Province. When he was young, he and his mother had a hard l____42____. At the age of fifteen, he began to learn music, and he did well in it. Then he went on l___43___other subjects. When he was thirty, he b___44___a teacher. He started his own school. He believed everyone should have a chance to get education whether they were r___45___or poor. He had about, 3,000 s___46___and many of them became famous.
Chinese see Confucius as the greatest thinker w___47___had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior. And he is also regarded a___48___the greatest teacher. His most important ideas are about kindness and g___49___manners. He said young people should t____50____care of the old. People should not only always think of themselves, but work for o____51____. His ideas are around in people’s everyday life. Today people can still hear the ideas, and they even go far into east a____52____south Asia.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文介绍了中国的伟大思想家——孔子。孔子生于公元前511年的鲁国。年轻时和母亲过着艰苦的生活。三十岁时当了老师。他相信每个人都应该有机会接受教育，不管他们是富人还是穷人。中国人认为孔子是最伟大的思想家。对人性和行为有很多明智的想法。他说年轻人应该照顾老人。人们不应该总是想着自己，而应该为他人工作。
41. September 句意：他出生于9月28日。公元前511年的鲁国。由语境和首字母提示可知，填September；这里是指9月28号。所以答案为：September。
42. life 句意：当他年轻时，他和他母亲过着艰苦的生活。由语境和首字母提示可知，填life；had a hard life：过着艰苦的生活。所以答案为：life。
43. learning 句意：然后他继续学习其他科目。由语境和首字母提示可知，填learn；go on doing sth.继续做某事。on是介词，后跟动名词。所以答案为：learning。
44. became 句意：他三十岁时当了老师。由语境和首字母提示可知，填become；根据When he was thirty, 当他三十岁时。成为了老师，这一动作发生在过去，因此应该用一般过去时。故答案为：became。
45. rich 句意：他相信每个人都应该有机会接受教育，不管他们是富人还是穷人。由语境和首字母提示可知，填rich；根据后面的形容词poor“穷的”，和前面的表示选择关系的or可知，前面应该用于poor意义相反的形容词，那就是rich。语境是：不论穷人还是富人都应该有机会接受教育。故答案为：rich。
46. students 句意：他有大约3000名学生，其中许多人出名了。由语境和首字母提示可知，填student；根据数字3,000可知，后面的可数名词应该用复数，故答案为：students。
47. who 句意：中国人认为孔子是最伟大的思想家。对人性和行为有很多明智的想法。由语境和首字母提示可知，填who；本题考查定语从句。本题的先行词是the greatest thinker，是指人的，因此用引导词who来引导。故答案为：who。
48. as 句意：他也被认为是最伟大的老师。由语境和首字母提示可知，填as；regard as：视为。语境是：人们认为孔子是最伟大的老师。故答案为：as。
49. good/great 句意：他最重要的思想是善良和礼貌。由and前面的形容词kindness可知，and 后面的词也应该是一个形容词。在结合首字母提示可知，填good/great；是指良好的行为，即：礼貌。所以本题的答案为：good/great。
50. take 句意：他说年轻人应该照顾老人。由语境和首字母提示可知，填take；take care of：关心，照顾。should是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故填：take。
51. others 句意：人们不应该总是想着自己，而应该为他人工作。由语境和首字母提示可知，填others；根据think of themselves想着自己，和后面的but可知，此处是指转折，语境是：人们不应该总是想着自己，而应该为他人工作。所以答案为：others。
52. and 句意：今天，人们仍然可以听到这些想法，他们甚至深入到东亚和南亚。由语境和首字母提示可知，填and；east a__12__ south Asia.是表示地点的，而且表示并列关系。因此用and 来连接。故答案为：and。
Passage 3（2019 •襄阳市）
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在短文空白处填入一个恰当的词，使短文内容完整，通顺。
Most adults find it hard to remember the things happened while they were children. Now scientists have found exactly when these memories d___51___.
A new study has found that most three-year-old children can remember a lot of what happened to them a year e___52___,and these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6, but by the time they are over 7, these memories become weaker r___53___.
Most children by the age of 8 or 9 can only remember 35% of their e___54___ from under the age of 3 according to the new studies.
The scientists say this is because at around this age the way we form(形成)memories begins to change. They say that before the age of 7 children do not have a s___55___of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early things they can remember become more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster speed of f ___56___ than adults. The discoveries also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of what they have done, b___57___ then forget them just several years later.
The children were organized to the laboratory for the first time at the age of 3 and discussed 6 impressed(印象深刻的)things from their past, such as the first relaxing trip with your family, the first d___58___ accident you met, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second s___59___between the ages of 5 and 9 to discuss the same things. The scientists found that between the ages of 5 and 7,the amount（量）of memories that the children could remember r ___60___ between 63%-72%. However, between the ages of 8 to 9, the amount of memories that the children could remember fell to between 35%--36%.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文是说明文。对许多成年人来说，很难回忆起儿时的一些经历。一项研究表明，我们的记忆力的变化与年龄有关。
51. disappeared 考查动词。根据上文Most adults find it hard to remember the things happened while they were children. 大多数成年人发现很难记住他们小时候发生的事情。结合Now scientists have found exactly when these memories d___51___. 可知是现在科学家们已经找到了这些记忆消失的确切时间。“消失”disappear，由语境可知这里时态用一般过去时，故答案填disappeared。
52. earlier 考查形容词。根据上文most three-year-old children can remember a lot of大多数三岁的孩子都能记住很多事情，结合首字母提示以及what happened to them a year e___52___,可知此处指的是一年前发生在他们身上的事，a year earlier“一年前”，故答案填earlier。
53. rapidly 考查副词。根据上文these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6,这些记忆在他们5岁和6岁的时候仍然清晰，由转折词but，再结合首字母提示，可知此处句意为：但当他们超过7岁时，这些记忆会迅速减弱。“迅速地”rapidly，副词，修饰前面的动词，故答案填rapidly。
54. experience 考查名词。根据Most children by the age of 8 or 9 can only remember 35% of their e___54___ from under the age of 3 according to the new studies. 结合语境及首字母提示：根据新的研究，大多数8岁或9岁的孩子仅仅能记住他们3岁以下35%的……。可知此处表达的是“经历、经验”，英文表达是experience，在这里用作不可数名词，故答案填experience。
55. sense 考查名词。根据They say that before the age of 7 children do not have a s___55___of time and place in their memories. 结合语境及首字母提示：他们说，7岁以前的孩子在记忆中没有时间和地点的……。可知此处表达的是“概念、观念”sense，前面有不定冠词a，所以用其单数形式，故答案填sense。
56. forgetting 考查动词。根据下文then forget them just several years later.几年后他们就会忘记，结合Children also have a far faster speed of f___56___ than adults.可知孩子 遗忘速度也比成年人快得多。“忘记”forget，动词，of是介词后接动词的ing形式，故答案填forgetting。
57. but 考查连词。根据上文children can often have clear memories of what they have done,以及then forget them just several years later. 可知前后句之间是转折关系，结合首字母提示可知应用连词but，句意为：孩子们常常对他们所做的事情有清晰的记忆，但几年后就会忘记。故答案填but。
58. dancing（本题答案不唯一，只要符合语境和题意即可。）考查动名词。根据上文 the first relaxing trip with your family, 以及下文and the first day of school.结合the first d___58___ accident you met, 可推知此处句意是第一次遇见……的意外，由首字母提示可知，答案可以填“跳舞”dancing。（本题答案不唯一，只要符合语境和题意即可。）
59. session 考查动词。根据前面的关键词return“返回”，以及后面的to discuss the same things“去讨论同样的事情”，可知这里表达的是“开会、聚集”，second session“再次聚集、开会”，句意为：然后，孩子们在5岁到9岁之间再次返回来讨论同样的问题。故答案填session。
60. remained 考查动词。根据The scientists found that between the ages of 5 and 7,the amount（量）of memories that the children could remember r ___60___ between 63%-72%.结合语境：科学家发现，5岁和7岁之间年龄段的孩子，能记住的记忆量……在63%-72%之间。可知此处表达的是“保持”remain，由主句中的found可知句子时态用一般过去时，所以这里应用remain的过去式remained，故答案填remained。
【点睛】
本题为短文填空，首先要快速浏览全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精读短文注意所填的词在句中的词性、时态等。然后根据句意、上下文联系、语境及所给出的首字母提示填写合适的词语。如，第56小题根据下文then forget them just several years later.几年后他们就会忘记，结合Children also have a far faster speed of f___56___ than adults.可知孩子的遗忘速度也比成年人快得多。“忘记”forget，动词，of是介词后接动词的ing形式，故答案填forgetting。第7小题，根据上文children can often have clear memories of what they have done,以及then forget them just several years later. 可知前后句之间是转折关系，结合首字母提示可知应用连词but，句意为：孩子们常常对他们所做的事情有清晰的记忆，但几年后就会忘记。故答案填but。
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
专题19 短文填空
考点1首字母填空
Passage 1（2019 •大庆市）
Fill in each blank with a proper word with the help of the first letter.
A lot of people are crazy doing shopping through the Internet now. Why is it so p___61___? There are some r___62___ .First, more and more people have their own computers and their computers can be joined with the Internet. So it is possible f___63___ many of them to do shopping through the Internet . S___64___,shopping through the Internet can save them some m___65___and a lot of time. Third, they don’t need to go to the shop themselves . Because of these good facts, few people refuse it.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】短文介绍了网上购物受欢迎的三个原因：通过电脑就可以完成网上购物，通过互联网购物可以节省一些钱和大量时间，购物者不需要自己去商店。
61. popular 句意：为什么这么受欢迎？根据前面的句子“A lot of people are crazy doing shopping through the Internet now”很多人都痴迷于网上购物，可知网上购物非常受欢迎，此句是询问网上购物受欢迎的原因，故答案为popular。
62. reasons 句意：有一些原因。上句是询问原因，此句给出受欢迎的理由，根据are判断，名词要用复数形式，故答案为reasons。
63. for 句意：因此对于他们中的许多人来说通过互联网购物是可行的。It’s +adj.+for sb. + to do sth.是英语中常用句型，意思是“做某事对某人来说怎么样”，根据首字母提示以及句意可知，答案为for。
64. Second 句意：第二，通过互联网购物可以节省他们一些钱和大量时间。根据前后的First, Third判断，此处是提出第二个理由，故答案为Second。
65. money 句意：第二，通过互联网购物可以节省他们一些钱和大量时间。网上购物较便宜，可以节省一些钱，故答案为money。
【点评】此类题目，需要分析语境，并且需要熟记单词，再结合语法结构，便可得出正确答案．
Passage 2（2019 •广元）
阅读短文，根据短文内容和首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。请将单词填写在答题卡上的相应位置。
Have you ever heard of the train No. 6063? It links (连接) thirty-eight s___80___ along the way from Baoji of Shanxi to Guangyuan of Sichuan. It passes by twenty-four schools, so there are always many students taking the train. The students live in mountainous areas. And they need to take the train b___81___ schools and homes every week. It always takes a long time for them to go to school and go home on the train. In order to help them, the head of the train Xiang Fei decided to do something for the children. He and other workers s___82___ several hours turning one of the carriages into a special student carriage. There are big desks and a library. Many kind-hearted people gave away o___83___ 300 new books to this library. Students can read all kinds of books, do their homework and talk with students from other schools on the train.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文介绍了往返于宝鸡和广元的6063次列车。它连接了38个火车站，经过24 所学校，每周经常有学生乘坐该列车往返于学校和家之间。列车长为孩子们开辟了学生专用车厢，爱心人士赠送了300多本书供他们阅读。
80. stations 句意：该次列车连接了从陕西宝鸡到四川广元的沿途38个火车站。根据第一句中“一列火车”可知连接的是火车站，由38可知是复数，故填stations。
81. between 句意：他们每周需要乘火车往返于学校和家乡之间。短语“between…and…”意为“在……和……之间”，故填between。
82. spent 句意：他和其他工人们花费了几个小时把一节车厢改成了一节学生专用车厢。短语“spend some time doing sth.”（花费一些时间做某事），根据上文可知 过去时态，用过去式spent。
83. over 句意：很多爱心人士给这家图书馆赠送了300多本新书。根据数字300可知是“三百多”，用介词over。
Passage 3（2019 •南通市）
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. A short video about seven people wearing prosthetic devices(人造装置) who t___66___ on a desert race challenge has become popular.
The seven disabled people j___67___in the 108-kilometer desert race from May 11 to 14 in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu Province. Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)，and o___68___had two legs amputated.
Cheng Baojun, a man from Luohe, Central China’s Henan Province, the double amputee, said he never i___69___ he could take part in the desert race. “It is great, I can do it, and you can also. ” “It is easy to say, but walking it is h___70___. ” Cheng said. On the first day, they finished a complete section of 27 kilometers of the race, and on the second day, they finished 20 kilometers.
“My legs were painful while I was walking. We also met with a very big sandstorm on the way. But s ____71____ it was a challenge, we could not give up. We all encouraged each other to continue. ” he said. After getting t___72___, they rested on the third day and walked on the fourth.
Lao Tongyi walked the longest of the group, a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Team leader SunNaicheng said that they had to p___73___ through depulation (人烟稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert. He also added that team members challenged themselves and realized their d ___74___.
They are good e ___75___for everyone to learn from. It’s up to you how far you go. If you don’t try, you will never know.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】这篇短文主要讲述了一段关于七个人戴着假肢参加沙漠竞赛的视频已经很流行了。告诉我们有志者事竟成。
66. took 句意：一个关于七个人戴着假肢参加沙漠竞赛的短片已经很流行了。短语take on a desert race challenge参加挑战沙漠竞赛。这里是一般过去时态，take的过去式是took。根据句意，故填took。
67. joined 句意：7名残疾人参加了5月11日至14日在敦煌举行的108公里沙漠竞赛。jion in…参加……。这里是一般过去时态，joined，根据题意，故填joined。
68. others 句意：七名患者中有六名一条腿被截肢，其他人则两条被截肢。Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)可知下文是其他的。根据句意，故填others。
69. imagined 句意：来自中国中部河南省洛河市的双重截肢者程宝军（音）说，他从来没有想过自己能参加沙漠赛跑。这里是一般过去时态，imagine的意思是“想象”，imagine的过去式imagined。根据题意，故填imagined。
70. hard 句意：程说：“说起来容易，走起来难。”根据上文It is easy to say hard可知下文是是难的。根据句意，故填hard。
71. since 句意：我们在途中还遇到了一场很大的沙尘暴。但由于这是一个挑战，我们不能放弃。根据下文it was a challenge, we could not give up可知这里是表示原因，用since。根据句意，故填since。
72. tired 句意：他们累了，第三天休息，第四天走。Tired的意思是“累人的”，根据句意，故填tired。
73. pass 句意：组长孙乃成说，他们必须通过戈壁沙漠的人烟稀少的区域。根据下文through depulation (人烟稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert.可知这里是通过的意思。have to do sth.表示不得不做某事；pass意思是“通过”，根据句意，故填pass。
74. dream 句意：他还补充说，团队成员挑战自己，实现了自己的梦想。这里是说实现梦想。短语realize one’s dream表示实现某人的梦想。根据句意，故填dream。
75. examples 句意：他们是每个人学习的好榜样。主语是They，这里表语用复数，examples的意思是“榜样”，根据句意，故填examples。
Passage 4（2019 •镇江市）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词, 使短文意思完整, 每空一词。
As I entered an international high school, all my friends felt surprised at my short hair. This is because, my old school thinks teenage y___46___ aren’t the time for looking pretty. Then I coloured my hair blue. For the first time, I felt free and beautiful. This international school s___47___ to meet my needs.
I had a t___48___ education background. I went to public schools, received normal (常规的) education and was required to follow r___49___ like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w___50___ this education was truly suitable for me.
However, in the new school my high hopes were not met. For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before. It was s___51___ the biggest challenge I faced in my education-the freedom to try new things. In the old system, I was strongly advised a___52___ trying new things. But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things. But if I f___53___, I must be responsible (负责任的) because I put myself in such risk. Finally, it led me to get into trouble again.
As time went by, I started to find my o___54___ balance. In fact, none of the education systems in the world are perfect. I am l___55___ enough to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together. As a result, I've built a system for myself.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】这篇短文作者讲述了他经历的两种完全不同的教育体系，他原来的学校限制学生们的自由，要求学生们遵守很多的规则，反对学生们尝试新事物；而新学校正好相反。随着时间的推移，作者也意识到没有哪种教育体系是完美的，将不同体系的价值结合在一起，形成自己的体系，作者感到自己很幸运。
46. youth 句意：这是因为我原来的学校认为青少年时期不是好看的时候。根据句意aren't the time for looking pretty可知，这里应指的是“青少年时期”，单词的首字母是y，由此可猜到应填youth，意为“青年，青少年时期”。
47. seems 句意：这个国际学校好像满足了我的需要。根据句意和首字母可知，这里应填seem，意为“似乎，好像”，后面常跟动词不定式，seem to do sth.“好像做某事”。短文第一段使用的是一般现在时态，主语The international school是单数，故动词应变为三单形式，填seems。
48. terrible 句意：我的教育背景很糟糕。根据下文I went to public schools, received normal (常规的) education and was required to follow r___4___ like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w___5___ this education was truly suitable for me.可知，作者对自己在从前的学校里接受的教育表示怀疑，不知道那种教育是不是适合“我”。结合首字母可知，这里应填terrible，“糟糕的”。
49. rules 句意：我上公立学校，接受常规的教育，像每一个其他的学生一样被要求遵守规则。根据句意follow….“遵守…”和首字母r可知，这里应表示“遵守规则”，应用名词rule，且学生们遵守的规则是有很多的，故应填复数形式rules。
50. whether 句意：后来，我开始想知道这种教育是否真正适合我。根据句意I began to wonder…和文意可知，作者不知道这种教育是不是适合他，故这里填whether，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句。
51. surprising 句意：真的很令人吃惊，我在教育中面临的最大挑战是尝试新事物的自由。根据上句话For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before.可知，这里作者说的是在新学校里让他吃惊的事，故应填surprising，形容词，“令人吃惊的”，在句中作表语。
52. against 句意：在旧的体系里，我被建议说反对尝试新事物。根据文意可知，作者接受的新旧两个教育体系是不一样的，下句话But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things.“新学校鼓励学生们尝试新事物”，因此原来的学校是反对的，故这里填against，“反对，违抗”。
53. fail 句意：但是如果我失败了，我必须要负责任，因为我把自己置于这样的风险之中。根据句意I must be responsible可知，这里表示“假如失败的话”，应用fail，是一个动词。这一段使用的是一般现在时，主语为I，故动词填原形。
54. own 句意：随着时间的推移，我开始找到了我自己的平衡。根据文意和首字母可知，这里应填own，意为“某人自己的”，常和形容词性物主代词搭配使用。
55. lucky 句意：我很幸运有机会将两个体系的巨大价值结合在一起。根据文意和句意to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together.可知，作者经历了两种教育体系，将他们的家长结合在一起，作者是非常幸运的。故这里应填lucky，是一个形容词，意为“幸运的”。
【点睛】
这篇短文作者通过对比他经历的两种完全相反的教育体系，告诉我们每一种教育体系都有它自己的优点和缺点，没有哪种是完美的。短文主题明确，结构清晰，文章中作者通过对比、举例的方式，使学生们更容易理解文章的内容。题型是短文填空，要求根据文意以及单词的首字母，填写适当的单词，并注意使用其正确的形式。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据首字母提示填写单词，再根据句中使用的句型、单词的作用等，变化其正确的形式。例如第4小题，根据句意follow….“遵守…”和首字母r可知，这里应表示“遵守规则”，应用名词rule，且学生们遵守的规则是有很多的，故应填复数形式rules。再如第7小题，根据文意可知，作者接受的新旧两个教育体系是不一样的，下句话But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things.“新学校鼓励学生们尝试新事物”，因此原来的学校是反对的，故这里填against，“反对，违抗”。
Passage 5（2019 •内蒙古呼和浩特市）
Smartphones and e-readers have become more common in recent years. Some people think that the days of paper books will be gone. But recent surveys have shown that traditional books are still popular a 71 readers.
Research company Nielsen found that in the UK, sales of e-books are f 72 while sales of paper books are rising. More surprisingly, it’s young people who are buying the most physical books. Another survey of university students from the United States, Slovakia(斯洛伐克) and Japan also showed that 92 percent of t 73 preferred papere books.
So what is b 74 paper book comeback(回归)?
The most popular reason given was: “ I like to hold the product.” It’s true that paper books bring a very different reading experience. Slovakian students said that they liked the smell of paper books. Other students said that they could get a s 75 of accomplishment (成就) when they finished reading a paper book.
Paper books can also be very personal objects to lovers of reading. Many people like to sign their name on the i 76 cover. If the cover gets bent(弯曲) or there is a stain (污点) made on the page from coffee, all the better. The a 77 make the book even more personal. It’s as if readers of paper books make friends with them.
This “friendship” people d 78 with books isn’t just sentimental(情感的). Research has shown that readers remember more information reading from paper books t 79 e-books. People also more e 80 end up with headaches or sore eyes while reading e-books.
So why not pick up a book and start reading?
71. a 72. f 73. t 74. b 75.s
76. i 77. a 78. d 79. t 80. e
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】本文作者探讨纸质图书回归的背后原因．
71． among 考查介词．根据语境"但最近的调查显示，传统书籍仍深受读者欢迎"，考虑用介词among，意为"在…之中"，故答案为 among；
72．falling 考查动词．根据语境"尼尔森研究公司发现，在英国，电子书的销量在下降，而纸质书的销量在上升"，考虑用动词fall，意为"下降"，由下文are rising推断此处填-ing形式，故答案为 falling；
73．them 考查代词．根据语境"斯洛伐克和日本也显示出92%的人更喜欢平装本"，考虑用代词them，意为"他们"，由空前的介词of推断此处填宾格形式，故答案为 them；
74．behind 考查介词．根据语境"那么纸质图书回归的背后是什么呢？"，考虑用介词behind，意为"在…后面"，故答案为 behind；
75．sense 考查名词．根据语境"其他学生说，读完一本纸质书后，他们会有成就感"，考虑用名词，意为"感觉"，由空前的冠词a推断此处填原形，故答案为 sense；
76．inside 考查形容词．根据语境"许多人喜欢在封面上签名"，考虑用形容词inside，意为"里面的"，故答案为 inside；
77．accidents 考查名词．根据语境"事故使这本书更加个人化"，考虑用名词accident，意为"事故"，由上文举例推断此处填复数形式，故答案为 accidents；
78．develop 考查动词．根据语境"这种友谊是人们通过书本发展起来的，而不仅仅是感情用事"，考虑用动词develop，意为"发展"，由一般现在时推断此处填原形，故答案为 develop；
79．than 考查连词．根据语境"研究表明，比起电子书，读者更能记住从纸质书中阅读的信息"，考虑用连词，意为"比"，故答案为 than；
80．easily 考查副词．根据语境"在阅读电子书时，更多的人很容易患上头痛或眼睛酸痛"，考虑用副词easily，意为"容易地"，由空后的动词短语end up with推断此处填副词形式，故答案为 easily．
Passage 6（2019 •四川省广元市）
阅读短文，根据短文内容和首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。请将单词填写在答题卡上的相应位置。
Have you ever heard of the train No. 6063? It links (连接) thirty-eight s 80 along the way from Baoji of Shanxi to Guangyuan of Sichuan. It passes by twenty-four schools, so there are always many students taking the train. The students live in mountainous areas. And they need to take the train b 81__ schools and homes every week. It always takes a long time for them to go to school and go home on the train. In order to help them, the head of the train Xiang Fei decided to do something for the children. He and other workers s 82 several hours turning one of the carriages into a special student carriage. There are big desks and a library. Many kind-hearted people gave away o 83 300 new books to this library. Students can read all kinds of books, do their homework and talk with students from other schools on the train.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】文章讲了山区孩子上学困难，社会爱心人士给与了帮助．
80. stops 考查名词．根据意思：它从山西宝鸡到四川广元一路上有三十八个站，小站是名词stop，此处是复数，故答案是：stops．
81. between 考查介词．根据意思：他们每周都要在学校和家庭之间坐火车．在．．和．．之间是between and．故答案是：between．
82. spent 考查动词．根据意思：他和其他工人花了几个小时把一节车厢变成了一节特殊的学生车厢．花费时间干某事spend time doing．一般过去时态，故答案是：spent．
83. over 考查介词．根据意思：许多热心的人把300多本新书赠送给这个图书馆．多于是over．故答案是：over．