Unit 4知识点 人教版七年级英语下册

这是一份Unit 4知识点 人教版七年级英语下册，共7页。
Unit4语法：祈使句1.含义：该句经常用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、建议等，谓语动词用原形，句子没有主语，句子使用感叹号或者句号 。在祈使句中,肯定句一般以动词原形开头,通常省略主语you;否定句在动词原形前加don’t。2.句子结构（1）肯定句：be或行为动词原形+其他。Listen to me, please. 请听我说。（2）否定句：Don’t+be或行为动词原形+其他。Don’t eat in the classroom. 不要在教室里吃东西。 3.句子类型（1）Be型：Be＋表语 。 Be quick!快一点！Don’t be late for class.（2）V型：行为动词+宾语（V若是不及物动词则无宾语）+其他成分。Close the door,please.请关门！ Don’t talk in class.（3）L型：Let +宾语+动词原形+其他成分。注：let后面的宾语是第一人称的时候，否定形式是在宾语后面加not。Let’s not do that again. 咱们别那样做了。 如果let的后面宾语是第三人称的时候，否定形式是在let前加助动词don’t。Don’t let them come in. 不要让他们进来。 N型: No +名词/动名词.No smoking.(5) P型: Please +动词原形+其他.Please stand up. Please don’t stand up.must和have to辨析1. 两者均可表示“必须”, must更强调说话者的主观意愿,而have to强调客观需要,意为“不得不”。如:I must go now, or I will be late.我必须现在就走,否则我会迟到。It’s too late, so I have to take a taxi. 太晚了,所以我不得不乘坐出租车。2. must一般只表示现在,没有人称和数的变化,而have to则可以用于不同的时态,有人称和数的变化。3. 两者的否定式含义大不相同。 mustn’t表示“不准;禁止”,而don’t have to表示“不必”。★注意以must开头的一般疑问句,其肯定回答用must;否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。must 表示肯定推测 He must be in the classroom.1. rules: n.规则;规章 follow/keep/obey the rules遵守规则 too many rules太多规则 too much +不可数名词 much too 太 break the rules 违反规则 make rules to help us 制定规则做某事there are a lot of rules 有许多规则2. arrive v.到达arrive/be late for class 上课迟到arrive是不及物动词，意为“到达，抵达”，若带宾语，后面需接介词，一般接at或in。(1) 到达较小的地方用at。We arrive at the school.我们到达学校。 (2) 到达较大的地方用in。 He arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。arrive 后面跟地点副词here, there, home时，不需要跟介词。arrive home 到家   arrive here 到这儿arrive late for与be late for都表示“做某事迟到”的意思。(be) on time 准时We must arrive there on time.in time及时At last, the police arrived there in time. hallway n.走廊;过道 in the hallways 在走廊里 run in the hallwayshall n.大厅;礼堂 in the dining hall 在餐厅listen to music 听音乐fight v. & n.打架;战斗 fight with sb. have a fight withfight with….. 与某人打架 School RulesDon’t arrive late for class. You must be on time.Don’t run in the hallways.Don’t eat in the classroom. You must eat in the dining hall.Don’t listen to music in class.Don’t fight.8. don’t eat in class 不要在课堂上吃东西 after class9.listen v.听;倾听.强调听的动作，后面接宾语时要加上to。listen to…听…… We should listen to the teacher carefully. 拓展：hear, listen和sound的辨析hear 意思是“听说，听到”，侧重听到的内容。 I heard someone cry in the next room last night.listen意思是“听”，侧重听的动作。 Listen! Someone is crying.听！有人在哭。sound作动词讲时是连系动词，意为“听起来”，后面跟形容词作表语。It sounds good! 听起来不错！listen to music outside（adv.) 在外面听音乐 eat outsideoutside 副词，“在外面”，反义词inside。Don’t go outside. It’s too cold. 不要到外面去，天气太冷了。2）outside介词，意为“在……外面”。There is a new car outside the house. 房子外边有一辆新车。3）outside 名词，意为“外部，外表”。The outside of the house is red. 这个房子的外部是红色的。4) outside adj.外面的 outside workers 户外工作者11. sorry adj.抱歉的;难过的;惋惜的12. wear v.穿;戴 wear a hat 戴帽子 wear the school uniform 穿校服a uniformwear, put on, dress＆inwear是动词，它的意思是“穿”，它表示状态。My father wears a T-shirt today. 2）put on的意思是“穿上、戴上”，它表示动作。 It’s cold outside, put on your coat please. 3）dress 作动词时，表示“为……穿衣”后接反身代词或人，也可以不接宾语。Can you dress the baby for me? 你能帮我给孩子穿衣服吗？4）in 表示穿着的状态，后接颜色或服装。The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣服的女孩是我姐姐。The girl in hat is very beautiful. 戴帽子的女孩儿很漂亮。13.have to 客观上需要做的事情。 必须，不得不 。有人称、数、时态的变化 I have to wash my clothes. Do you have to go home now? You don’t have to clean the room.must 作为情态动词，表示“必须”、“务必”，有时还表示“一定”，起到加强语气的作用。 主观义务和必要。必须 You must come tomorrow.你（们）明天必须要来。don’t / doesn’t have to 不必 你不必在上午七点前到校。You don’t have to be school before 7:00. 他们在学校必须做什么呢？What do they have to do at school？ 我们要保持安静。We have to be quiet.在回答must引起的问句时，如果是否定的答复，可用don’t have to或needn’t (不必).Must I do sth.? Yes, you must.No, you needn’t./don’t have to.mustn't 不能，不许，禁止 You mustn't be late for school.must 表示肯定推测 He must be in the classroom.important adj.重要的 an important thing It’s important for sb. to do sth. importance n.重要性 the importance ofbring v.带来;取来 bring sth. to … 带…到... bring music player to school 带音乐播放器到学校Bring your English book to my office.把你的英语书带到我办公室里来。辨析：bring＆take bring 指往里带来, 而take 则指往外带走。1）bring指从别处将某人或者某物带到说话人所在的地方。 Please bring your family photo tomorrow. 明天请把你的全家福带过来。2）take 意为“带走，拿走”时，指把某人或者某物从说话人所在地带走。 His father often takes him to the zoo on weekends. 他爸爸周末经常带他去动物园。 quiet: adj.安静的be/keep quiet have to be quiet 不得不安静 反：noisy get noisyadv. quietlyout adv.外出 go out 外出(娱乐) 辨析：作副词时out 与outside的区别拓展：go out的用法 外出，或者指“参加社交活动，外出交际或娱乐”。Mary goes out a lot on Sundays. 每逢周日，玛丽的应酬非常多。2） 出去。Let’s go out for a walk. 让我们出去散步吧。3） 出国，移居国外。He went out to Canada two years ago. 他两年前移居加拿大了。4） 过时，不流行。例如： This kind of shoes went out last year. 这款鞋去年就过时了。1）practice v.练习，训练”，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词做宾语。 v. practice doing He practices playing the piano every day. practice the guitar 练习吉他 2）practice n.练习作，实践。是不可数名词。a lot of practice Playing the piano needs a lot of practice. 弹钢琴需要多加练习。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。dish n.碟;盘1）dish 名词，意为“碟，盘”，do the dishes 相当于wash the dishes，意为“清洗餐具”。2）dish 还可用作可数名词，意为“菜肴，一道菜”。 He likes cold dishes. 他喜欢凉菜。before prep. & adv.以前 before/after dinnerconj.在…以前 I must read a book before I can watch TV.make (one’s) bed铺床 make a noise make breakfast22. dirty : adj. 脏的 脏衣服：dirty clothes 脏盘子：dirty dishesMy room is clean, but my brother’s is dirty.23. kitchen n.厨房 in the kitchenDon’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen. 不要把脏盘子留在厨房里 Go to the kitchen to get food for sb.Arrive late to the kitchen.24.more: adj. / pron . 更多 more 是many和much 的比较级。many friends ------more friends much time-----more time更多的规则 more rules have more rulesnoisy: adj. 吵闹的 be/get noisy noisily adv.吵闹地不要吵闹。Don't be noisy.(同义句） Be quiet.noise : n. 噪声 make (a) noise 制造噪音 relax : v. 放松;休息 第三人称单数为relaxes。 You should relax yourself. I can't relax. He often relaxes for a while after working.拓展：1）relaxed形容词，意为“感到轻松的”，常修饰人做表语。 He is relaxed after listening to music. 听完音乐后，他感到轻松。 2）relaxing 也是形容词，意为“令人轻松的”，常用来修饰物或者事情，可以作表语也可以作定语。 It’s a relaxing trip. 这是一次令人轻松的旅行。 The film is very relaxing. 这部电影很令人放松。27. read: v. 读书 read books/newspapers/magazinesread books = do some reading 我喜欢阅读。I like reading books.28.terrible : adj. 讨厌的，可怕的 feel/be terrible My family rules are terrible.adv. terribly29. feel : 1）feel作行为动词，意为“觉得，认为”。 How do you feel today? 今天你感觉怎样? I feel that you will win. 我感觉你会赢。feel 作连系动词，意为“感觉，摸起来”，其后跟形容词作表语。feel + adj. feel happy/sad/tired I feel happy today. 我今天感觉很高兴。 Your hand feels cold. 你的手摸起来很凉。听起来sound 尝起来 taste 看起来look 闻起来smellI know how you feel.我知道你感觉如何。30.strict adj. 严格的(1) be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 Mrs. Black is strict with her children.(2) be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 Mr. Black is strict in his work.She is strict with her students and strict in her work. 31.remember : v. 记住 反义词 forget(1) remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 Remember to bring your music player to me tomorrow.Remember to turn off the lights when you leave the room.(2) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事I remember meeting the girl at a party. 32. follow : v. 遵循;跟随 follow/keep/obey the rules遵守规则v. 跟随 follow sb. to do sth.跟随某人做某事(1) Students must follow the rules at school.(2) Please follow me to go to the top of the hill.拓展：follow常见的其他用法有：1） 跟随，跟着。Please follow me. I’ll show you the way.请跟我走，我来给你带路。2） 明白，领悟。You are speaking too fast and we can’t quite follow you.你讲的太快，我们不太懂你的意思。3） 表示“沿……而行”。follow the road 沿路而行33. luck: n. 运气 幸运 good luck(to sb.) Good luck to you.adj. lucky feel lucky to do sth.adv. Luckily34. keep: v. 保持， 保留(1) keep + adj. 保持… Keep quiet. Keep healthy.(2) keep + n. + adj. 保持某物处于…状态 keep my hair short  保持头发短 keep the classroom clean35. hair n.头发;毛发 keep my hair short36. learn: v. 学习(1) learn to do sth. learn to play the piano Tom learns to play chess.David learns to swim on weekends.(2) learn from sb. 向某人学习We should learn from Lei Feng.(3) learn ... from ...从...学到.... We can learn much knowledge from our books.keep （4）learn by myself= teach oneself自学37. It’s my first day at school.38. There are a lot of rules.39. What are some of the rules?40. at my dream school41. too many rules too much water much too+adj./adv.42. run to school43. think about it44. It’s best to do sth.主题：规则Dear Tom,Thanks for your last letter. You want to know the rules in our school. Now let me tell you about them. We can’t arrive late for class. We can’t talk loudly in class. We should keep quiet. When we meet our teachers on our way, we should say hello to them. We can’t eat or drink in class, and we can’t listen to music or play games in class.I think we have too many rules. What about yours? Please write and tell me.Yours,Li Mingout副词意为“外出，出来”，其反义词为in。outside副词作副词时，意为“在外面，在户外”等，其反义词为inside。