Unit 4 Don't eat in class.基础知识总结人教版七年级英语下册

这是一份Unit 4 Don't eat in class.基础知识总结人教版七年级英语下册，共14页。

Unit4 Don’t eat in class基础知识词形转换1.fight (v.) → fought (过去式)2.outside (adj&adv.) → inside (反义词)3.wear (v.) → wore (过去式)4.bring (v.) → brought (过去式)5.quiet(adj.) → quietly (adv.) 6.out (adv.) → in (反义词)7.dish(n.) → dishes (复数)8.before (prep.) → after (反义词)9.dirty(adj.) → clean (反义词)10.many/much(adj.) → more (比较级)11.noise(n.) → noisy (adj.)12.relax (v.) → relaxing (adj.)→ relaxed (adj.)13.read (v.) → read (过去式)→ reader (n.)14.feel(v.) → feeling (n.)→ felt (过去式)15.remember(v.) → forget (反义词)16.follow(v.) → following (adj.)17.luck(n.) → lucky (adj.)→ luckily (adv.)18.keep (v.) → kept (过去式)→ keeper (n.)19.learn (v.) → learned/learnt (过去式)→ learner (n.)重要短语和句型(be) on time 准时listen to... 听....in/after class 在课上/课下be late for 迟到be quiet 安静go out 出去do/wash the dishes 清洗餐具make breakfast 做早餐make one’s/the bed 整理床铺be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格keep one’s hair short 留短发play with sb. 和某人一起玩have fun 玩得开心make rules 制订规则follow the rules 遵守规则dinning hall 餐厅eat outside 在外面吃饭wear the school uniform 穿校服in the hallways 在走廊里good luck 好运bring sth./sb. to +地点 把某物/某人带到某地think about 考虑；思考Don’t +动词原形+其他 不要做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事leave sth. +地点状语 把某物忘在某地keep +宾语+形容词 使某物保持.....状态learn to do sth. 学会做某事have to do sth. 不得不做某事remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做了某事have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心重要知识点讲解rule 规则；规章（可数名词）相关短语follow the rules 遵守规则 break a/the rule 违反规则 make a rule 制订规则 family rules家规 school rules校规 traffic rules 交通规则 the rule(s) of.... ...的规则Everyone should follow class rules.arrive 到达（不及物动词） = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①后常接介词in或at。in后接大地点， at后接小地点；arrive后若是here, there, home等地点副词，则省略介词to。We can arrive Beijing tomorrow.He arrives at the bus stop at 7:30 every morning.I arrive home at 5:00 in the afternoon. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②拓展注；reach还有“够到”之意。同义句转换。翻译：他们总是11：30到家。 辨析on time 与in timeThe train arrives on time.The ambulance（救护车） arrives in time.listen不及物动词，强调听的动作，后接宾语时，需加介词to。listen to music 听音乐 listen to the teacher 听老师讲课Please listen carefully.拓展： hear意为“听见”，强调听的结果。I listen carefully, but I didn’t hear anything.fight = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①动词 打架；战斗 过去式是foughtfight with 和某人打架fight for 为....打架/战斗My mother tells me not to fight with others.They fight for peace. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②名词 打架；战斗have a fight (with)...（和...）打架sorry 形容词 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①对不起；抱歉的用于犯错误后或不能满足对方要求等时表示歉意。不可用在名词前作定语。Sorry, I’m late.Sorry, I can’t help. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②难过的；惋惜的I’m sorry to hear that. （常见于听力）outside = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①副词 “在外面” 反义词“inside”,意为“在里面”Don’t stay inside all the time. Let’s go outside. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②形容词 “外面的”Outside workers need warm clothes in winter. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③介词 “在...外面；向...外面”There is a red car outside the house. = 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④名词 “外部；外表”The outside of the car is red.bring及物动词，“带来；取来”bring sth./sb. to +地点 把某物/某人带到某地辨析：Please bring your book here.The girl takes the box away.I’m thirsty.Could you get me some water?辨析have to与mustMolly leave because she doesn’t feel well.I finish the work today.quiet形容词，“安静的”，在句中作定语或表语。其反义词是noisy，意为“吵闹的”；其副词形式是quietly，意为“安静地”。The old man lives in a quiet place.Don’t be noisy. You must be quiet.I close the door quietly.be quiet =keep quiet 保持安静 practice = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①及物动词 “练习；训练”后可跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。practice doing sth. 练习做某事I often practice my English in the morning.I often practice speaking English with my classmates. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②不可数名词 “练习；实践”Playing the piano needs a lot of practice.Practice makes everything.helphelp sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事He often helps his mother (to) do some housework.拓展： = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 with后跟名词或代词。I often helps her with her English. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②help oneself to... 请随便吃/喝Please help yourself to some juice. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③不可数名词 帮助Thanks for your help.before = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①介词 “在...以前”，表示时间， 反义词“after”,意为“在...之后”He usually does his homework before dinner, and watches TV after dinner. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②介词 “在...的前面”，表示位置关系，反义词是behind，意为“在...后面”Tom sits before me, and I sit behind him. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③连词 “在...以前”，引导时间状语从句。Tom must brush his teeth before he goes to bed. = 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④副词 “以前”I never met him before.辨析too many, too much 与much tooThere are too many flowers in the garden.I have too much homework today.Don’t watch TV too much.It is much too hot today.make 相关短语make one’s/the bed铺床make dumplings 包饺子 make a noise 制造噪音make friends交朋友 make rules 制订规则 make money 赚钱 make a living 谋生 make a phone call to sb.给某人打电话leave 动词 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①留下；剩下 过去式是leftleave +宾语+地点状语 把...留在某地leave sb. by oneself 把某人独自留下Don’t leave young children at home. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②忘了带；落下leave sth.+地点状语 把某物忘在某处I sometimes leave the keys at home.relax动词 “放松” 单三形式是relaxes形容词形式有两种：relaxing “令人放松的”，主语一般是物。relaxed “放松的”，主语一般是人。The film is very relaxing.He is relaxed after listening 辨析read, look, see与watch.I like reading newspapers.Look at the blackboard, please.I can see many clouds in the sky.I sometimes watch TV in the evening.辨析remember to do sth.与remember doing sth.Remember to close the door when you leave.I remember seeing her in the city.keep及物动词 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①保持keep+宾语+宾语补足语 “使...保持某种状态”（充当宾语补足语的可以是形容词、副词、动词-ing形式或介词短语）We must keep the classroom clean. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②保存 后可接时间段You can keep the book for two weeks. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③遵守 与follow同义Everyone must keep the rules.连系动词 保持 后接形容词作表语。 We should eat vegetables and fruit to keep healthy.learnlearn to do sth. 学习/学会做某事相关短语：learn from 向...学习learn ... by oneself 自学...learn about 了解learn how to do sth. 学习如何做某事have fun 玩得开心；过得愉快Have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心We have fun learning English.同义短语:have a good time, enjoy oneself重要语法讲解祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令，因其对象（主语）是第二人称，所以通常省略主语，以动词原形开头，句末使用句号或感叹号。为表示礼貌，可在句首或句末加上please。Please放在句末时，前面通常加逗号。Go and wash your hands.Be quiet, please.Be kind to your sisters.Watch your steps!Keep off the grass. 肯定式Please sit down.Be quiet.Let me help you.否定式Don’t run in the classroom.Don’t be late next time.Don’t let him go./ Let him not go.No photos.No smoking.情态动词 have to与musthave to表示客观需要做的事情，意思是“不得不”。 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①后接动词原形。You have to do your homework first. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②有人称、数和人称的变化，其单三形式是has to。She has to look after her sick mother. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③含有have to， has to 的句子需要借助助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句。Do they have to go home now?must表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句中，意思是“必须”。 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①后接动词原形。You must listen to the teacher carefully in class. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②由must开头的疑问句，肯定回答一般用must，否定回答一般用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to, 意为“不必”。—Must I hand in my homework today?—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③must的否定形式是mustn’t，表示禁止，意为“不能，不许”。You mustn’t swim here, it’s dangerous. = 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④表示肯定的推测，常用于肯定句，意为“一定”。You must be very tired.用法例句get to后接地点名词，若接here, there, home等地点副词，则省略toWe get to school at 8:00 every morning.reach及物动词，后接地点名词He always reaches his office on time.on time准时；按时指按规定时间或指定时间做某事in time及时指不迟到或在规定时间之前做某事bring带来；取来从别处带到说话者所在的地方来take带走；拿走从说话者所在的地方带到远处去。常与介词to连用，方向与bring相反。get去取指从说话处去别处取到某物后再返回到说话者处，即一个来回。have to不得不强调客观需要，有人称、数、时态的变化。don’t have to意为“不必”，相当于needn’tmust必须；一定强调说话人的主观看法，语气比较强烈。mustn’t表示“禁止”too many太多后接可数名词复数形式too much太多后接不可数名词，还可修饰动词作状语much too太much用来加强语气，too后面常接形容词或副词read读强调看书、报纸、杂志等。look看强调“看”的动作，后接宾语时，与at连用see看见强调看的结果，表示“看见”watch观看强调“观看”正在运动或变化的事物，常含有“欣赏”之意。remember to do sth.记得要做某事事情还没有做remember doing sth.记得做过某事事情已经做过Do型动词原形（+宾语）+其他成分Be型Be+表语（名词/形容词）+其他成分Let型Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分Do型Don’t+动词原形+（其他）Be型Don’t+动词原形+（其他）Let型Let+宾语+not+动词原形+（其他）或Don’t let +宾语+动词原形+（其他）No型No+名词/动名词