江西省鄱阳县第一中学2024届高三下学期2月月考英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份江西省鄱阳县第一中学2024届高三下学期2月月考英语试卷(含答案)，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Majr Sprts Leagues in the US
NFL
Frmed in 1920, the Natinal Ftball League has a religius fllwing in the US and arund the wrld. It's ne f the mst prfitable leagues in the whle wrld. The NFL cnsists f 32 teams, which are sub-divided int NFC and AFC, which cmpete against each ther every year t win the Super Bwl, the halftime shw f which features majr hit musicians.
NBA
Initially frmed in 1946 as the BAA (Basketball Assciatin f America) , it merged (合并) with Natinal Basketball League in 1949 and changed its name t NBA. The Natinal Basketball Assciatin might nt be the biggest sprts league financially, but it has a larger internatinal fllwing than ther leagues. The keywrd "NBA" was amng the mst ggled keywrds in 2021, which indicates hw ppular it is in the wrld.
MLB
Baseball is cnsidered t be the natinal pastime activity f the US and the Majr League Baseball is its highest level in the cuntry. The MLB might nt be ppular as NFL in ther parts f the wrld, but internatinal supprters still make a large prtin f the ttal fanbase. Frmed in 1903, the MLB is the ldest US sprts league and nw has 30 teams, which was a merger between the Natinal League and the American League.
NHL
Funded in 1917, the Natinal Hckey League is the secnd-ldest sprts league in the US and Canada and cnsists f a ttal f 32 teams. Three f the best perfrming teams frm each divisin make it t the playffs plus tw wild card teams. All teams cmpete t win the prestigius Stanley Cup. Mst f NHL's revenue cmes frm TV and gate receipts with hckey-crazed Canadians being the primary market.
1．Which American sprts league enjys highest ppularity glbally?
A. NFL. B. NBA. C. MLB. D. NHL.
2．What can a ftball fan enjy when watching NFL?
A. Religius celebratins. B. Interactive games.
C. Internatinal cmpetitin. D. Musical perfrmances.
3．What sets NHL apart frm ther American sprts leagues?
A. The ldest histry. B. The mst teams.
C. The Canadian fanbase. D. Divisins within the league.
Henry Kissinger, ne f the cuntry's mst imprtant freign plicy thinkers fr mre than half a century, enjyed a wrldwide reputatin.
As a secretary f state and natinal security adviser t Presidents Richard Nixn and Gerald Frd, Henry Kissinger played the majr behind-the-scenes rle in building the architecture that enabled mre manageable relatins with the Sviet Unin, China, and majr Arab natins. At the same time, he was clsely assciated with sme f the mst disputed U. S. freign plicy mves in recent decades, by prmting intensive bmbing campaigns in Sutheast Asia and repeatedly turning a blind eye t human rights abuses by gvernments perceived t be supprtive f U. S. interests.
In America, the yung Kissinger wrked in a factry during the day and went t schl at night, until he was drafted int the U. S. Army. After getting ut f the army, he attended Harvard, where his 300-page undergraduate thesis titled "The Meaning f Histry" brught him t the attentin f Richard Nixn. Over the next few years, he directed ne f the bldest perids f diplmacy in U. S. histry t strengthen its negtiating psitin. In 1971, Kissinger arranged Nixn's histric visit t China.
Thugh he never wrked directly under a U. S. president again after Frd left ffice, Kissinger's influence was lng-lasting. U. S. superpwer relatins t this day still bear his imprint, and he remained a sught-after vice n internatinal affairs t the end f his life.
"There were ther great secretaries f state and a lng list f impressive histrians, but n ne wh cmbined the tw pursuits as Kissinger did, "said Richard Haass, president emeritus (荣誉退休的) f the Cuncil n Freign Relatins.
"I remember walking dwn the street in Manhattan with him, and he wuld attract a crwd like a mvie star, a rck star, "recalled David Rthkpf, wh wrked fr a time as a managing directr at Kissinger's cnsulting firm. "Everybdy, regardless f what they thught f Henry, wanted t see Henry, wanted t be with Henry.
4．Accrding t the 2nd paragraph, which wrd can best describe Kissinger?
A. Brave. B. Aggressive. C. Cntrversial. D. Devted.
5．What is TRUE abut Kissinger accrding t the passage?
A. He shared a strng friendship with Richard Nixn.
B. He demnstrated diligence in his early wrk and educatin.
C. His thesis earned him a psitin at Harvard.
D. He is the bldest negtiatr in U. S. histry.
6．What is mentined as Kissinger's majr achievement?
A. His prmtin f human rights in Sutheast Asia.
B. His academic thesis as a histrian.
C. His everlasting legacy n internatinal affairs.
D. His faithful service t President Frd.
7．Which sectin f a newspaper is the passage pssibly taken frm?
A. The Wrld Ahead. B. Prfile.
C. The Ecnmist Explains. D. The Wrld in Brief.
The lander (着陆器) carrying China’s first Mars rver successfully tuched dwn n the red planet early Saturday mrning Beijing Time. It is the first time China has landed a prbe n a planet ther than Earth.
Tianwen-1, cnsisting f an rbiter, a lander and a rver, was launched frm the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site n the cast f suthern China’s island prvince f Hainan n July 23, 2020. This is the first step in China’s planetary explratin f the slar system, with the purpse f cmpleting rbiting, landing and rving n the red planet in ne missin.
The name Tianwen, meaning “questins t Heaven”, cmes frm a pem written by the ancient Chinese pet Qu Yuan (abut 340-278 BC). China’s first Mars rver is named Zhurng after the gd f fire in ancient Chinese mythlgy, which eches with the Chinese name f the red planet: Huxing (the planet f fire).
Tianwen-1 was launched via a Lng March-5 rcket, China’s largest launch vehicle. Tianwen-1 has been traveling in space fr nearly 10 mnths. It has carried ut fur rbital crrectins and a deep-space maneuver. It had flwn 475 millin km and was 192 millin km frm Earth when it reached Mars rbit.
The craft’s plummet (骤降) thrugh the Martian (火星的) atmsphere, lasting abut nine minutes, was extremely cmplicated with n grund cntrl, and had t be perfrmed by the spacecraft autnmusly.
“Such a challenging attempt is characterized by a successin f cmplex activities that must be cnducted cmpletely by the spacecraft within a very shrt perid f time,” said Geng Yan, an fficial with the Lunar Explratin and Space Prgram Center f the CNSA. “What added t the difficulties was that we dn’t knw much abut the Martian atmsphere, which brught a lt f uncertainties t the missin. Each step had nly ne chance, and the actins were clsely linked. If there had been any flaw, the landing wuld have failed.”
8．What is the missin f Tianwen-1?
A. T recrd the wind speed n Mars.
B. T explre the atmsphere f Mars.
C. T search fr aliens in the slar system.
D. T accmplish three majr tasks n Mars.
9．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. The intrductin f the pet Qu Yuan.
B. The reasns fr the craft landing n Mars.
C. The rigin f tw names Tianwen and Zhurng.
D. The imprtance f ancient Chinese mythlgy.
10．What d the numbers in paragraph 4 mainly indicate?
A. The huge task f Tianwen-1.
B. The surrundings f the Mars rbit.
C. The expense f traveling in space.
D. The size f the Lng March-5 rcket.
11．What can we knw frm Geng Yan’s wrds?
A. China’s attempt t explre Mars is successful.
B. Landing n Mars is a very challenging mve.
C. Peple are enthusiastic abut explring the universe.
D. Tianwen-1 is essential t China’s space statin prgram.
Nature sanitizes arund 38 millin tns f human waste per year—equal t arund £3.2-billin-wrth f cmmercial water treatment.
Alisn Parker at Cranfield University in the UK and her clleagues lked at 48 cities in Africa, Asia, Nrth America and Suth America. They analyzed hw much human waste is prduced and where it ends up by reviewing existing data frm interviews, bservatins and direct field measurements.
The team lked at waste management nt cnnected t sewers (污水管) . This included pit latrines (坑式厕所) and septic tanks where waste is primarily cntained n-site — in a hle belw the grund fr pit latrines and in bx tanks fr septic tanks. Liquid waste frm pit latrines and septic tanks can gradually filter thrugh sil — a prcess that cleans it befre it reaches grundwater.
With 892 millin peple, mstly in lw- and middle-incme cuntries, using this type f waste management, the researchers estimate that nature safely deals with arund 38 millin tnnes f human waste per year. The team did nt lk at hw much waste is nt safely treated.
Mre than 4 billin peple dn’t have access t safe sanitatin services, with ne-third living in lw-incme cuntries. Unsafe sanitatin is respnsible fr 775,000 deaths each year. “Sanitatin that invlves the grund naturally treating waste can be part f the slutin,” says Parker. Hwever, pit latrines, septic tanks and ther natural waste management ptins nly wrk if the sil can filter the waste r if the waste dumped (倾倒) in rivers can be watered dwn safely withut causing harm t the envirnment, which is nt always the case.
12．Which f the fllwing best explains “sanitizes” underlined in paragraph 1?
A. Stres.B. Cleans.C. Srts.D. Prduces.
13．What is the research in paragraph 3 mainly fcusing n?
A. The quantity f wrldwide human waste.
B. The advantage f pit latrines and sewers.
C. The way f dealing with human waste.
D. Waste management in develped cuntries.
14．What is the limitatin f natural waste management?
A. It is very time-cnsuming.
B. It is nt accessible t pr peple.
C. It nly wrks under certain cnditins.
D. It cannt adapt t the wrsening envirnment.
15．The passage is prbably taken frm _______.
A. an interviewB. a statement
C. a health magazineD. a scientific jurnal
二、七选五
16．A sense f humr is, simply put, the ability t be amused. Mst peple have it, and are able t laugh at jkes, humrus situatins, and a variety f ther ptential surces f amusement.①
② The ability t laugh can drive away tensin, fr example, while an understanding f cmplex situatins can help peple t make gd decisins. Peple with a well-develped sense f humr appear t be happier in psychlgical studies, and sme are healthier as well, suggesting that it may just be gd fr yu.
A number f factrs influence smene's sense f humr. ③ Tddlers, fr example, tend t be highly amused by pratfalls and slapstick, while teenagers may delight in irny. As peple age and what they find funny develps and matures, they are als influenced by their educatinal level, the surrunding culture, and their religius faith. ④ Others, n the cntrary, find them disrespectful and distasteful.
Many peple believe that what a persn finds funny is smething that develps n its wn, and that yu cannt teach smene t understand why jkes, cmments, situatins, and events are funny.⑤ Children, fr example, benefit frm play and demnstratins f humr, alng with encuragements t laugh. While sme children's jkes might seem rather silly t adults, encuraging children t tell jkes and t think abut what makes things funny, can help them develp a sense f humr. Older peple can als bst this ability by paying attentin t ways in which humr manifests arund them.
A. Age is a big issue.
B. Here are sme tricks t develp sense f humr.
C. Humr appears t be a vital part f better survival.
D. Sme peple have a unique r dd sense f humr.
E. There are, hwever, things ne can d t enhance it.
F. Generally, humr is cnsidered t be crucial fr human develpment.
G. Sme Christian grups, fr example, have a deep appreciatin fr Bible jkes.
三、完形填空（15空）
One year befre Christmas, my mther gave us a used mdel ty car. My sister didn't want it, s it was all mine. I immediately set dwn t wiping it clean and plishing it t a bright ne, which turned t be a thing f 1 . I became verjyed at pssessing it. My elder sister was amazed at the newly plished, refreshing ty car, with a hint f 2 and envy in her eyes.
As planned, ur big family had a reunin n Christmas t strengthen the family bnd. I shared the 3 ty car with Alex, my yung French cusin. Eyes 4 t it, he fell in lve with it the instant he saw it. It was a rare mment t see him feeling s 5 and happy. He'd been unlucky s far in life, suffering severe, life-threatening illnesses as a child, leaving him mentally and physically stuck and the family 6 cash. Such lvely tys were 7 dreams fr him.
Seeing Alex's cnsuming thrill brught by the red car, I was seized by immense jy as well. Hwever, I was wrried he wuld 8 it fr himself. My mther als nticed Alex's fndness, asking me whether I wuld like t give it t Alex. I 9 with myself. Giving it? Hardly culd I imagine life withut the mdel car! My heart kept aching at the 10 f giving it away. I shk my head 11 . Glancing at my mther's expectant eyes, I culdn't help sbbing. Keeping it? Definitely, it wuld therwise upset Alex. Trn between the tw tugh 12 , I was ttally at a lss. Nevertheless, I culd feel my affectin t Alex. I reslved t d the 13 thing.
When parting, my mdel car went with Alex. Thugh sad t see it g, my heart 14 when I saw his smiling face. Seeing the thumbs-up frm my mther and sister, I did swell with relief, pride and jy, fr I knew it was nt a gift. It was ur 15 and lve fr him.
17．A. natureB. beautyC. useD. quality
18．A. regretB. cmplaintC. threatD. anger
19．A. cstlyB. luxuriusC. valuelessD. prized
20．A. raisedB. gluedC. rlledD. directed
21．A. wrriedB. familiarC. relievedD. stressed
22．A. relied nB. applied frC. shwed ffD. starved f
23．A. unreasnableB. inseparableC. irreplaceableD. reachable
24．A. driveB. buyC. damageD. keep
25．A. talkedB. struggledC. traded D. cmprmised
26．A. endB. sightC. prspectD. trace
27．A. vluntarilyB. determinedlyC. excitedly D. sympathetically
28．A. rdersB. testsC. linesD. chices
29．A. rightB. demandingC. shamefulD. awkward
30．A. saddenedB. sangC. yelledD. sank
31．A. genersityB. mercyC. cncernD. admiratin
四、短文填空
32．Statistics shw that there are mre than 1. 9 billin vides related t stve-biled tea n a ppular Chinese shrt vide platfrm. Stve-biled tea, a newly ① (emerge) scial activity amng yung Chinese peple, has been filling up scial media feeds in recent weeks. Usually several friends sitting arund a fire stve enjy ② smell f charcal-grilled snacks and scialize while waiting fr the tea ③ (bil) . In many ways, it is the perfect activity in the winter, ④ (warm) bdy and sul in the clder mnths.
⑤ it has recently regained ppularity, cking tea n a stve actually has a lng histry in China. Stve-biled tea is derived frm an intangible cultural heritage frm suthwest China's Yunnan prvince: hutang rasted tea and a kind f hutang culture thus ⑥ (frm) arund it.
The reasn why stve-biled tea is gaining such ppularity, apart frm its embdiment f traditinal Chinese tea culture, is ⑦ (part) because f its prtrayal in the cstume televisin drama "A Dream f Splendr", which ⑧ (bradcast) last summer. The activity als shws yung peple's pursuit f a sense f ritual, with their ⑨ (lng) fr traditinal tea culture and aspiratins returning t the pastral (田园) . It als helps that turism is gradually recvering. ⑩ , stve-biled tea acts as a scial way f cmbining ancient and mdern elements, attracting many yung peple wh lve bth turism and traditinal tea culture.
五、书面表达
33．假设你是在英国的交换生李华，你希望在暑假能找一份外贸公司的实习 (internship) 工作，想要Mr. Watsn帮助你修改你的申请信和个人简历 (resume) 。请给Mr. Watsn写一封求助信，提出你的请求。信的内容需包括：
1. 写信求助的原因；
2. 希望帮忙修改的内容；
3. 表达感谢。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Watsn,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best regards,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One spring day, the wind was gentle and the sun was shining brightly. The sky was clear and blue, and the temperature was cmfrtable. It was a perfect day fr a walk utside.
Our teacher Mr. White asked us all t g ut f the classrm t enjy the natural sights and sunds f the natural wrld. But befre Ruby and I were ready t g ut t play, Cathy signed t bth f us t stp. We were the best sisters, playing tgether each time.
"Cme ver, ladies! Guess what I discvered in Mr. White's lcker, with a mysterius smile n her face, Cathy rcked a chalk bx with pieces f clrful chalk inside.
"Fabulus! Hw exciting it wuld be t write n the blackbard with it!" Ruby exclaimed with curisity and expectatin.
"But we can't d it withut ur Mr. White's permissin, "I said timidly.
"Nbdy will find it ut. If yu're a chicken, yu can stand by and just watch. Anyway, Cathy and I wuld have a try, "said Ruby. She picked ut a piece f pink chalk and started t draw a dress.
Nt t make them believe I was a chicken, I unwillingly invlved myself in the creatin f art. Sn I lst myself in the picture drawing thugh I knew we were breaking the class rule: never tuch the teachers' supplies. A mment later we drew a rainbw, a rabbit and a dinsaur respectively. Then we went n drawing many ther bjects with ur imaginatin. It was real fun.
Suddenly, I nticed the clck abve the blackbard. It pinted t 10: 28, nly tw minutes t the end f the interval. We must erase all n the blackbard befre Mr. White came back. If we were caught, we wuld be punished by ding the cleaning fr the class in the next three days.
In a hurry, I picked up an eraser and started destrying ur art pieces. As the chalk was s sticky that it left a heavy sign n the blackbard. I had t rub it carefully.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When the wrk was almst dne, the bell annuncing the beginning f class rang.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mr. White never asked abut the scratch, even never nticed it.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The Natinal Basketball Assciatin might nt be the biggest sprts league financially, but it has a larger internatinal fllwing than ther leagues.(美国国家篮球协会可能不是最有钱的体育联盟，但它比其他联盟拥有更多的国际粉丝)”可知，NBA是全球最受欢迎的。故选B。
2．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“The NFL cnsists f 32 teams, which are sub-divided int NFC and AFC, which cmpete against each ther every year t win the Super Bwl, the halftime shw f which features majr hit musicians.(NFL由32支球队组成，分为NFC 和AFC，每年在超级碗比赛中相互竞争，中场表演由主要热门音乐家参加)”可知，球迷在观看NFL时能享受到音乐表演。故选 D。
3．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Mst f NHL's revenue cmes frm TV and gate receipts with hckey-crazed Canadians being the primary market.(NHL的大部分收入来自电视转播和门票收入，疯狂的加拿大人是主要市场)”可知，NHL与其他美国体育联盟的 区别是加拿大的粉丝群。故选C。
4．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中"As a secretary f state and natinal security adviser t Presidents Richard Nixn and Gerald Frd, Henry Kissinger played the majr behind-the-scenes rle in building the architecture that enabled mre manageable relatins with the Sviet Unin, China, and majr Arab natins. At the same time, he was clsely assciated with sme f the mst disputed U. S. freign plicy mves in recent decades, by prmting intensive bmbing campaigns in Sutheast Asia and repeatedly turning a blind eye t human rights abuses by gvernments perceived t be supprtive f U. S. interests.(作为理查德尼克松总统和杰拉尔德福特总统的 国务卿和国家安全顾问，亨利基辛格在建立与苏联、中国和主要阿拉伯国家的关系更加可控的架构方面发挥了重要的幕后作 用。与此同时，他与近几十年来美国一些最具争议的外交政策行动密切相关，比如推动在东南亚的密集轰炸行动，并一再对被 认为支持美国利益的政府侵犯人权的行为视而不见) "可知，基辛格在与苏联、中国和主要阿拉伯国家建立更加可控的关系架构 方面发挥了重要的幕后作用，但他同时也与近几十年来美国一些最具争议的外交政策行动密切相关，由此推知，他是一位有争 论的政治人物。故选C项。
5．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中"In America, the yung Kissinger wrked in a factry during the day and went t schl at night, until he was drafted int the U. S. Army.(在美国，年轻的基辛格白天在工厂工作，晚上去上学，直到他被征召入伍) "可知，基辛格年轻的时候白天在工厂工作，晚上去上学，非常勤奋，所以"He demnstrated diligence in his early wrk and educatin.(他在早期的工作和教育中表现出勤奋) "是正确的表述。故选B项。
6．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段"Thugh he never wrked directly under a U. S. president again after Frd left ffice, Kissinger's influence was lng-lasting. U. S. superpwer relatins t this day still bear his imprint, and he remained a sught-after vice n internatinal affairs t the end f his life.(尽管在福特卸任后，他再也没有直接在美国总统手下工作过，但基辛格的影响是持久的。直到今天，美国的超级大国关系仍然带有他的印记，他在国际事务中一直是一个受欢迎的声音，直到他生命的尽头) "可知，基辛格的主要成就是他在国际事务上的不朽遗产。故选C项。
7．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段"Henry Kissinger, ne f the cuntry's mst imprtant freign plicy thinkers fr mre than half a century, enjyed a wrldwide reputatin.(亨利基辛格(Henry Kissinger)是半个多世纪以来美国最重要的外交政策思想家之一，享誉全球)"和下文内容可知，文章介绍了美国外交政策思想家亨利基辛格的生平和影响，所以最可能出自报纸中的人物 简介专栏。故选B项。
8．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"This is the first step in China's planetary explratin f the slar system, with the purpse f cmpleting rbiting, landing and rving n the red planet in ne missin.(这是中国对太阳系进行行星探索 的第一步，目的是一次性完成对这颗红色星球的轨道运行、着陆和漫游任务)"可知，"天问一号"的任务是在火星上完成三项主要任务。故选D项。
9．答案：C
解析：段落大意题。根据第三段"The name Tianwen, meaning "questins t Heaven", cmes frm a pem written by the ancient Chinese pet Qu Yuan (abut 340-278 BC) .China's first Mars rver is named Zhurng after the gd f fire in ancient Chinese mythlgy, which eches with the Chinese name f the red planet: Huxing (the planet f fire)，("天问"的意思是"向天发问"，来自中国 古代诗人屈原(约公元前340-278年)写的一首诗。中国首个火星漫游者被命名为祝融，以中国 古代神话中的火神命名，这与中国的红色星球名字"火星"相呼应) "可知，第三段主要讲了天问、祝融 两个名字的由来。故选C项。
10．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中Tianwen-1 was launched via a Lng March-5 rcket, China's largest launch vehicle. Tianwen-1 has been traveling in space fr nearly 10 mnths. It has carried ut fur rbital crrectins and a deep-space maneuver. It had flwn 475 millin km and was 192 millin km frm Earth when it reached Mars rbit.(天问一号是通过长征五号火箭发射的，这 是中国最大的运载火箭。天问一号已经在太空中飞 行了近10个月。它已经进行了四次轨道修正和一次 深空飞行。它飞行了4.75亿公里，到达火星轨道时 距离地球有1.92亿公里)"可推知，第四段的数字主 要为了表明天问一号的艰巨任务。故选A项。
11．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"Such a challenging attempt is characterized by a successin f cmplex activities that must be cnducted cmpletely by the spacecraft within a very shrt perid f time, "What added t the difficulties was that we dn't knw much abut the Martian atmsphere, which brught a lt f uncertainties t the missin. Each step had nly ne chance, and the actins were clsely linked. If there had been any flaw, the landing wuld have failed." ("这样一个具有挑战性的尝试的特点是一系列复杂的活动，必须在很短的时间内完全由航天器完成。我们对火星大气了解不多，这给任务带来 了很多不确定性这加大了难度。每一步都只有一次 机会，而且这些行动是紧密相连的。如果有任何缺陷，着陆就会失败。") "可推知，耿岩的话表明登陆火星是一个非常具有挑战性的举动。故选B项。
12．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的They analyzed hw much human waste was prduced and where it ended up by reviewing existing data frm interviews, bservatins and direct field measurements.可知，实验方法包括复审已存在的数据。故选B项。
13．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。第三段主要讲述坑厕和化粪池在处理人类废弃物方面的优势和劣势。 故选C项。
14．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中 的Hwever, pit latrines, septic tanks and ther natural waste management ptins nly wrk if the sils can filter the waste r if the waste dumped in rivers can be diluted safely withut causing harm t the envirnment, which is nt always the case.可知，这种自然的废弃物处 理方式只有在土壤或河流能够安全地过滤或 稀释它们而不会对环境造成破坏的情况下才オ 有效，但实际情况并非总能达到这一要求 故选C项。
15．答案：D
解析：文章出处题。通读全文内容可知，文章讲述了有关土壤在处理人类排泄物中的作 用，是关于科学研究的，故选D项。
16．答案：FCAGE
解析：①上文"A sense f humr is, simply put, the ability t be amused, Mst peple have it, and are able t laugh at jkes, humrus situatins, and a variety f ther ptential surces f amusement.(简单地说，幽默感就是被逗乐的能力。大多数人都有这种能力，并且能够在笑话、幽默的情景和各种其他潜在的娱乐来源中发笑。) "提到了幽默感的含义，选项F中Generally是关键词，总结上文内容，所以F项"一般来说，幽默被认为对人类的发展至关重要。"能承接上文，说明幽默的重要性。符合语境。故选F项。
②下文"The ability t laugh can drive away tensin, fr example, while an understanding f cmplex situatins can help peple t make gd decisins.(例如，笑的能力可以驱散紧张，而对复杂情况的理解可以帮助人们做出正确的决定。) "提到了幽默感的一些好处，所以C选项"幽默似乎是更好地生存的重要组成部分。"能引起下文，符合语境。故选C项。
③上文"A number f factrs influence smene's sense f humr.(影响一个人幽默感的因素有很多。) "提到了影响幽默感的 因素，下文"Tddlers, fr example, tend t be highly amused by pratfalls and slapstick, while teenagers may delight in irny.(例如，蹒跚学步的孩子往往会被恶作剧和闹剧逗乐，而青少年可能会喜欢讽刺。)"举例将孩子和青少年两者进行对比，说明了年龄因素，A选项中Age是关键词，与下文的年龄因素呼应后，所以A选项“年龄是个大问题。”能引起下文，符合语境。故选A项。
④上文"As peple age and what they find funny develps and matures, they are als influenced by their educatinal level, the surrunding culture, and their religius faith.(随着人们年龄的增长，他们发现有趣的东西的发展和成熟，他们也受到他们的教育水平，周围文化和宗教信仰的影响) "提到了宗教也是一个影响因素，选项G中Christian和fr example是关键词，与上文构成顺承关系，所以G选项“例如，一些基督教团体对圣经笑话有很深的欣赏。”能承接上文，举例说明。符合语境。故选G项。
⑤下文"Children, fr example, benefit frm play and demnstratins f humr, alng with encuragements t laugh. While sme children’s jkes might seem rather silly t adults, encuraging children t tell jkes and t think abut what makes things funny, can help them develp a sense f humr. Older peple can als bst this ability by paying attentin t ways in which humr manifests arund them.(例如，孩子们从游戏和幽默的展示中受益，同时鼓励他们笑。虽然有些孩子的笑话在成年人看来可能相当愚蠢，但鼓励孩子讲笑话，想想什么让事情变得有趣，可以帮助他们培养幽默感。老年人也可以通过关注周围幽默的表现方式来提高这种能力。) "通过举例说明了如何增强幽默感，选项E中enhance是关键词，与下文提到的增强幽默感呼应，所以E选项“然而，我们可 以做一些事情来增强它。”能引起下文，符合语境。故选E项。
17．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我立刻动手把它擦得干干净净，又把它擦得亮亮的，原来是一件美丽的东西。A. nature自然;B. beauty美丽，美好的事物;C. use使用;D. quality质量。根据上文"wiping it clean and plishing it t a bright ne"和下文"My elder sister was amazed at the newly plished, refreshing ty car"可知，经过作者处理后，玩具车变得崭新锃亮，成了美好的 物件。故选B项。
18．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:我姐姐惊讶地看着刚擦亮、焕然一新的玩具车，眼里闪着一丝懊悔和嫉妒。A. regret懊 悔;B. cmplaint抱怨;C. threat威胁;D. anger愤怒。根据上文"My sister didn't want it"和下文"envy in her eyes"可知，姐姐之前 不要的玩具车经作者处理后变了一个样，所以姐姐感到一丝懊悔。故选A项。
19．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我和我法国的小表弟亚历克斯分享了这辆珍贵的玩具车。A. cstly昂贵的;B. luxurius 奢侈的;C. valueless无价值的;D. prized珍贵的。根据第一段中"I became verjyed at pssessing it."可知，作者非常喜欢这辆玩具车，所以它非常珍贵。故选D项。
20．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:他目不转睛地盯着它，一看到它就爱上了它。A. raised提起;B. glued粘贴;C. rlled滚动;D. directed指导。根据下文"he fell in lve with it the instant he saw it"可知，表弟也非常喜欢这辆玩具车，所以目不转睛地盯着它; be glued t是固定短语，意为“全神贯注地盯着……”。故选B项。
21．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:难得看到他如此放松和快乐，这是一个难得的时刻。A. wrried担心的;B. familiar熟悉 的;C. relieved感到宽慰的，放松的;D. stressed压力的。根据下文"He'd been unlucky s far in life, suffering severe, life-threatening illnesses as a child, leaving him mentally and physically stuck"可知，表弟的生活很不幸，结合上文"Eyes4t it, ________ he fell in lve with it the instant he saw it."可推知，看到自己喜欢的玩具，表弟得到了暂时的放松和快乐。故选C项。
22．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:到目前为止，他的生活一直很不幸，小时候患有严重的、危及生命的疾病，这让他的精 神和身体都陷入困境，家里也缺钱。A. relied n依赖;B. applied fr申请;C. shwed ff炫耀;D. starved f缺乏。根据上文"He'd been unlucky s far in life, suffering severe, life-threatening illnesses"可知，表弟的生活很不幸，结合"the family _____ cash"可推知，家里应该缺钱。故选D项。
23．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如此可爱的玩具对他来说是不切实际的梦想。A. unreasnable不切实际的;B. inseparable不可分离的;C. irreplaceable不可替代的;D. reachable可达的。根据上文可知，表弟生活不幸，家里经济也不宽裕， 所以这样可爱的玩具对他来说是不切实际的梦想。故选A项。
24．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而，我担心他会把它留给自己。A. drive驾驶;B. buy购买;C. damage破坏;D. keep留下。上文"Seeing Alex's cnsuming thrill brught by the red car, I was seized by immense jy as well."讲作者看到表弟开心，自己也为他感到高兴。根据"Hwever"可知，上下文之间是转折关系，结合前文作者对这辆玩具车的喜爱可推知，作者在为表弟感到 高兴的同时，也担心失去这辆玩具车，害怕表弟把它据为己有。故选D项。
25．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:我内心挣扎。A. talked谈论;B. struggled挣扎; C. traded交易;D. cmprmised妥协。根据 下文"Giving it? Hardly culd I imagine life withut the mdel car!"可知，作者也很喜欢这辆玩具车，送还是不送，作者自己内心进行了激烈的斗争。故选B项。
26．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:一想到要把它送人，我的心就一直在痛。A. end结束; B. sigh视线;C. prspect前景，可 能性;D. trace痕迹。根据上文"My mther als nticed Alex's fndness, asking me whether I wuld like t give it t Alex."可知，妈妈让作者把心爱的玩具车送给表弟，结合"My heart kept aching"可推知，作者一想到要把它送人就感到心痛，用固定短语at the prspect f，意为"面对……的前景，一想到……的可能性"。故选C项。
27．答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意:我决然地摇了摇头。A. vluntarily自愿地;B. determinedly决然地;C. excitedly兴奋地; D. sympathetically同情地。根据上文"Hardly culd I imagine life withut the mdel car!"和下文"I culdn't help sbbing."可知，作者 舍不得自己的玩具，所以决然地摇头。故选B项。
28．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:在这两个艰难的选择之间左右为难，我完全不知所措。A. rders命令;B. tests测试;C. lines线条;D. chices选择。根据上文"Giving it? Hardly culd I imagine life withut the mdel car!"和"Keeping it? Definitely, it wuld therwise upset Alex."可知，作者在送与不送两个选择之间左右为难。故选D项。
29．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我决心做正确的事。A. right正确的;B. demanding要求高的;C. shameful可耻的;D. awkward尴尬的。根据下文"When parting, my mdel car went with Alex."可知，作者最终做出了正确的决定，把玩具送给了可怜 的表弟。故选A项。
30．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意:虽然看着它离去很难过，但当我看到他的笑脸时，我心里在唱歌，很开心。A, saddened 使悲伤; B. sang唱歌;C. yelled大喊;D. sank下沉。"Thugh sad t see it g"是让步状语从句，与主语之间有转折关系，虽然看 到玩具车离自己而去，作者感到难过，但一看到表弟的笑脸，作者心里变得很开心; my heart sings是一种比喻的说法，指“开 心”。故选B项。
31．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:是我们对他的关心和爱。A. genersity慷慨;B. mercy仁慈;C. cncern关心;D. admiratin钦佩。根据上文可知，作者把自己心爱的玩具送给了不幸的表弟，这不仅是一份礼物，更是他对表弟的关心和爱。故选C项。
32．答案：emerging；the；t bil/t be biled；warming；While/Althugh/Thugh；frmed；partly；was bradcast；lnging；Thus/Therefre/Hence
解析：①考查形容词。句意:最近几周，在中国年轻人中兴起的一种新社交活动围炉煮茶，在社交媒体上刷屏。分析句 子可知，空处应为形容词，修饰名词短语"scial activity"，作定语;emerging为形容词，表示“新兴的”，符合句意。故填 emerging。
②考查冠词。句意:通常是几个朋友围坐在火炉旁，享受着木炭烤小吃的香味，一边等待茶水煮沸，一边进行社交活动。分析句子可知，空处应为冠词，修饰名词"smell"，特指木炭烤小吃的香味，故应用定冠词the。故填the。
③考查动词不定式。句意:通常是几个朋友围坐在火炉旁，享受着木炭烤小吃的香味，一边等待茶水煮沸，一边进行 社交活动。根据"waiting fr the tea"可知，空处应用非谓语动词，作宾补;表示将要发生的动作，故应用动词不定式; bil可作 及物动词，表示“烧开、煮沸”，也可作不及物动词，表示"沸腾"，均符合句意，故可用主动形式t bil， 也可用其被动形式t be biled。故填t bil/t be biled。
④考查现在分词。句意:在许多方面，这是冬季最完美的活动，在寒冷的月份里温暖身体和灵魂。根据句中谓语动词"is"可知，空处应为非谓语动词，与"it"为主动关系，作伴随状语，故应用现在分词形式。故填warming。
⑤考查连词。句意:虽然最近重新流行起来，但在炉子上煮茶实际上在中国有着悠久的历史。分析句子和句意可知， 空处引导状语从句，表示"虽然、尽管"，故应用连词while/althugh/thugh;句首字母大写。故填While/Althugh/Thugh。
⑥考查动词时态。句意:围炉煮茶源自中国西南部云南省的一项非物质文化遗产:火塘烤茶及围绕它形成的一种火塘 文化。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词;frm可作动词，意为“形成”，根据句意，这种文化在过去形成，故应用一般过去时。故填frmed。
⑦考查副词。句意:围炉煮茶如此受欢迎的原因，除了体现了中国传统茶文化外，还有一部分原因是它在去年夏天播出的古装剧《梦华录》中的形象。分析句子可知，空处应为副词，修饰介词短语"because f"，作状语; partly为副词，表示"部分地"，符合句意。故填partly。
⑧考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:围炉煮茶如此受欢迎的原因，除了体现了中国传统茶文化外，还有一部分原因 是它在去年夏天播出的古装剧《梦华录》中的形象。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词;根据"last summer"可知，应为一般过 去时;关系代词"which"代替先行词"A Dream f Splendr"，与动词bradcast之间为被动关系，表示"《梦华录》被播出"，故应 用被动语态，且谓语为单数。故填was bradcast。
⑨考查名词。句意:这个活动也体现了年轻人对仪式感的渴望，以及他们对传统茶文化和回归田园的向往。根据"their"可知，空处应为名词，作宾语;lnging为名词，表示“渴望”，符合句意。故填lnging。
⑩考查副词。句意:因此，煮茶作为一种古今结合的社交方式，吸引了许多既热爱旅游又热爱传统茶文化的年轻人。分析句子可知，空处应为副词;根据句意，与前面的句子形成因果关系，表示"因此、所以";句首字母大写。故填 Thus/Therefre/Hence。
33．答案：
Dear Mr. Watsn,
I feel s srry t be bthering yu fr my humble request t plish my applicatin and resume if it is at yur cnvenience. This summer, I plan t apply fr an internship psitin in a freign trade cmpany, t which a well-dne applicatin letter and a resume are the key. Determined t seize the chance, I've made every effrt t perfect them.
Hwever, fr a nn-native speaker, the language barrier I believe still stands between me and the granting f the ffer. Thus, I will sincerely treasure it if yu are s kind t help me revise them in terms f the vcabulary, language style r the frmat.
Warm gratitude cntributed again, and eagerly lking frward t yur reply!
Best regards,
Li Hua
34．答案：
When the wrk was almst dne, the bell annuncing the beginning f class rang. With the students' laughter appraching, I became nervus. If they reprted it t the teacher that we were ding smething against the class rule, hw shuld we face it? Just then, I suddenly sptted a place clse t the edge f the blackbard still stained with a yellw mark. Using the side f the eraser, I tried t wipe it ff, but the next mment came a shrieking nise. The mark was gne, but the metal part f the eraser left a remarkably nticeable scratch. I was terrified, nt knwing what t d.
Mr. White never asked abut the scratch, even never nticed it. But with time ging by, I felt mre and mre uneasy. Every day I lked up sitting in the classrm, my eyes wuld invluntarily fall n the scratched surface, cheeks burning with shame. Three days later, I plucked up my curage and tld the truth t Mr. White. Patting me gently n the head, he said, “I'm glad yu admit it. In fact, I am waiting fr yur hnest cnduct. Dn't wrry abut the punishment. Actually, yu've suffered a lt since yu tried t cver the truth.”