河南省南阳市重点学校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（含答案）

这是一份河南省南阳市重点学校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（含答案），共10页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，单选，U10单句填空，U11单句填空，U12单句填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解（共19小题；每小题2.5分，满分47.5分）
A
Wales is hme t sme f the UK’s mst beautiful drives. Narrw lanes crisscrss the land, meaning travel can be slw-but there’s n need t rush.
The Castal Way
This rute cvers the entire length f Cardigan Bay, and spils travelers with its remte beaches and charming seaside twns.
Cmb the sand fr fssils, shells at Aberdarn Beach, and then hit the rad, heading east tward Prthmadg. Here yu can take a heritage steam train, a relic f the regin’s mining histry, t give Snwdnia’s skyline yur undivided attentin.
The Cambrian Way
The Cambrian Way, which cuts nrth t suth thrugh the heart f Wales, is a fantastic place, thanks t its patchwrk fields, dense frests and rlling, sheep-dtted hills.
The rute becmes increasingly wild and rugh as it weaves nrth int Pwys. Spend the night in Rhayader, and yu’ll need plenty f energy fr hiking r muntain biking alng the trails.
The Nrth Wales Way
Spanning Wales’ shrt but scenic nrth cast, this rute ffers rad trippers a chance t encunter Welsh histry, language and culture in a splendid setting.
Head west thrugh the uncrwded Clwydian Hills until yu reach Ruthin, a little twn brimming with histry, where yu can see its restred castle, century spanning museum and Victrian Ruthin Gal.
Brder Cuntry
Tracing the dtted line that separates England and Wales n a map, this brder-hugging rute will take yu t sme f Wales’ mst underrated sites slwly, if yu stick t the narrw back rads.
Starting in the brder twn f Chepstw in Sutheast Wales, make yur way nrthward. Yu can stp t admire the rfless ruins f Tintern Abbey and the lesser-knwn castles Skenfrith and Grsmnt.
1. Which rute best suits peple wh enjy muntain scenery?
A. The Castal Way. B. The Cambrian Way.
C. The Nrth Wales Way. D. Brder Cuntry.
2. What is special abut The Nrth Wales Way?
A. It enables travelers t visit a castle.
B. It is an area f scenic beauty.
C. It ffers a glimpse int Welsh culture.
D. It is a crwd-free escape frm big cities.
3. What is the purpse f the article?
A. T intrduce rad trips in Wales.
B. T intrduce the Welsh landscape.
C. T tell abut Wales’ histry.
D. T advertise Wales’ turism industry.
B
A 293-millin-mile jurney f the NASA Perseverance rver (探测器) t Mars ended successfully n February 18th,2021, with a picture-perfect landing inside the Jezer Crater. The car-sized, six-wheeled rver, nicknamed Percy, is the US space agency’s biggest and mst advanced explrer t date. Its primary missin is t search fr signs f ancient micrbial (微生物的) life n Mars.
Landing n Mars is extremely tricky. The Red Planet’s gravitatinal (引力的) pull causes appraching spacecraft t g faster t high speeds, while its thin atmsphere-just ne percent that f Earth’s-des little t help slw it dwn as it appraches the surface.
The scientists had t reduce Percy’s 12,000 mph speed t a safe landing speed f less than five mph - in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle als had t be a precise 12 degrees - any steeper, and the spacecraft wuld burn up; any flatter, and it wuld get lst in space. It is n wnder that the final apprach is ften referred t as the “seven minutes f terrr”.
Upn attaining a manageable speed, Percy briefly flew ver the Martian surface t seek ut the perfect landing spt. Its cmplex map-reading system rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database t find the best lcatin.
The NASA scientists will spend the next tw mnths testing Percy’s scientific instruments. Once ready, the rver will begin t carry ut its missin.
“Perseverance is the smartest rbt ever made, but cnfirming that micrbial life nce existed carries an unusually large burden f prf,” said Lri Glaze, directr f NASA’s Planetary Science Divisin. “While we’ll learn a lt with the great instruments we have abard the rver, it may very well require the far mre well-equipped labratries and delicate instruments back here n Earth t tell us whether ur samples carry evidence that Mars nce harbred life.”
4. What is the extrardinary challenge fr the rver t land n Mars?
A. The speed reductin. B. The atmsphere analysis.
C. The lcatin search. D. The time management.
5. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Ways t find the precise entry angle.
B. Cnsequences f wrng entry degree.
C. Factrs t survive “the seven minutes”.
D. Reasns fr the necessity f speed reducing.
6. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. The space. B. The area.
C. The system. D. The surface.
7. What can be inferred frm Lri Glaze’s wrds?
A. Instruments abard the rver are nt quite reliable.
B. Perseverance is able t cllect enugh evidence needed.
C. Man still has a lng way t g t prve there was life n Mars.
D. Samples f Mars will be returned sn t the labs n the Earth.
C
Eln Musk isn’t cntent with electric cars, shting peple int rbit and ppulating Mars. He als wants t get inside yur brain.
His gal is t develp devices that can prvide treatment t neural (神经的) diseases-and that may ne day be pwerful enugh t put humanity n an equal fting with pssible future super intelligent cmputers.
Nt that it’s anywhere clse t that yet.
In a vide Friday bviusly aimed at seeking new emplyees, Musk shwed ff the secnd versin f the Neuralink, a device abut the size f a large cin. It’s designed t be put in a persn’s head. An earlier versin f the device has t be placed behind an ear like a huge hearing aid.
But the yung cmpany is far frm having a cmmercial prduct, which wuld invlve cmplex human trials and gvernmental apprval. Friday’s vide shwed three pigs. One, named Gertrude, had a Neuralink device in its brain.
Musk, a funder f bth the electric car cmpany Tesla Mtrs and the space-explratin firm SpaceX, has always been wrried abut that smarter AI machines will utwit humans. His slutin? Link ur brains t cmputers s we can keep up with r even win ver them in intelligence!
Musk urged cders (程序员), engineers and especially peple wh have actually created a prduct t apply. “Yu dn’t need t have brain experience,” he said, adding that this is smething that can be learned n the jb.
Cnnecting a brain up directly t electrnics is nt new. Dctrs have already put similar devices in brains t treat such cnditins as Parkinsn’s disease. In 2016, researchers reprted that a man regained sme mvement in his wn hand with a similar brain implant. But Musk’s prpsal ges beynd this. Neuralink wants t build n thse existing medical treatments and wrk n devices that culd link ur brains t cmputers ne day.
8. What can we learn abut the first versin f the Neuralink?
A. It is smaller than a hearing aid.
B. It can be put in a persn’s head.
C. It has t be placed behind the ear.
D. It is already available at the market.
9. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “utwit” in paragraph 6?
A. cpy B. defeat C. understand D. destry
10. What kind f candidates des Eln Musk particularly want?
A. Smene wh als wants t create the same device.
B. Dctrs wh already knw hw t treat brain diseases.
C. Peple wh have already designed sme unique prduct.
D. Engineers wh are gd at linking brains t cmputers.
11. Where is this text likely frm?
A. An advertisement. B. A test reprt.
C. A science fictin nvel. D. A news reprt.
D
On the “healthy” sectin f any breakfast menu, yu’re bund t spt an egg white melet (煎蛋卷). With n fat and just a quarter f the calries in a whle egg, the whites lk like the best chice at first glance. Nt s fast, thugh new research shws a gd reasn why yu might want t keep the ylk (蛋黄) in if yu want t get fit. Plus, frget the bad impressin that the chlesterl (胆固醇) in ylks has gtten in the past. The USDA remved limits n dietary chlesterl in its mst recent dietary guidelines. It’s all because evidence desn’t back up claims that the chlesterl yu eat has much influence n bld chlesterl levels.
In a recent study, researchers had ten yung men eat either whle eggs r egg whites after cmpleting a strength-training wrkut. Bth egg chices cntained 18 grams f prtein, and the eggs were develped with chemical markers. Thanks t them, the researchers tracked hw the men’s bdies used amin acids (氨基酸) frm the eggs and egg whites, and fund sme surprising results. Abut 65 t 70 percent f amin acids were available in the bld fr bth the whle egg and egg white grups, suggesting they’d be equally useful in building muscles. But the rest f the results didn’t back up that cnclusin.
When the researchers lked specifically at hw much prtein synthesis-the prcess that helps muscles repair and grw-ccurred, ne frm f egg clearly did better than the ther. “Having whle eggs immediately after exercise resulted in greater prtein synthesis than just having egg whites,” says lead study authr Nichlas Bur d in a statement.
Althugh this study was t small t be cnclusive, its cnclusin backs up whle egg benefits that nutritinists have been praising fr years. Frm their pint f view egg whites are high-prtein, lw-calrie, but the ylk cntains nearly all f an egg’s vitamins. And ne study fund that adults wh eat whle eggs in the mrning lse mre weight and bdy fat than thse wh get the same number f calries frm a bread-based breakfast. While n large studies have lked int the weight-lss benefits f whle eggs vs egg whites, there’s als n evidence that the 140 calries in tw whle large eggs shuld scare yu away. Crack n, egg lvers.
12. What’s implied in paragraph 1?
A. The whites can help peple have a gd shape.
B. The ylk’s functin is different frm the whites.
C. Peple tend t cnsider the ylk t be unhealthy.
D. The ylk has much t d with bld chlesterl levels.
13. Why were the eggs develped with chemical markers?
A. T help prcess the prteins better.
B. T make them healthier fr peple.
C. T track the amin acids during digestin
D. T help the bdy cnsume amin acids.
14. What d the findings f the recent study mainly shw?
A. Amin acids are easy t get in eggs.
B. Eating the whle egg helps build muscles.
C. The ylk f the egg is better than the white.
D. Eggs can prduce mre prteins than any ther kinds f fd.
15. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Egg Whites VS Whle Eggs
B. Egg White Omelets r Just the Ylk
C. The Crrect Way t Build Muscles
D. Unknwn Facts abut Egg White Omelets
E
The specific cultural values f a cuntry may determine whether cncern abut envirnmental issues actually leads individuals t engage in envirnmentally friendly behavirs, accrding t research published in Psychlgical Science.
Kimin Em, a psychlgical scientist f the University f Califrnia, Sant a Barbara, was inspired t investigate the links between culture, envirnmental cncern, and envirnmental actin after nticing that bth public discussin and academic research n envirnmental behavir typically fcus n peple frm Western cuntries. It is wrth nticing because Western cuntries tend t have cultural values that priritize individuals’ wn attitudes and beliefs and encurage expressin f them.
“The thery seemed t be that nce individuals are led t believe in the urgency f envirnmental issues and have strnger cncerns abut sustainability (持续性), they will change and act t address the issues,”explains Em. But this relatinship might nt hld fr individuals living in mre cllectivistic (集体主义的) scieties, which place mre emphasis n scial harmny and unifrmity than n self-expressin, Em and his team assumed.
T examine what drives envirnmental actin in individualistic and cllectivistic cultures, the researchers cnducted a study with participants frm the United States (an individualistic culture) and Japan (a cllectivistic culture). They fund envirnmental cncern was clsely cnnected with envirnmental behavir - in this case, chsing envirnmentally friendly prducts- but nly amng American participants. On the ther hand, believing that a large percentage f peple engage in envirnmentally friendly behavirs was assciated with making ec-friendly chices amng Japanese participants, but nt American participants.
The findings suggest that persnal cncerns are mre likely t mtivate peple t take envirnmental actin if they live in individualistic cuntries, while scial nrms (准则) are mre likely t drive peple t engage in envirnmentally friendly behavir if they live in cllectivistic cuntries.
“Getting citizens actively engaged is critical t addressing urgent scial challenges, such as climate change,” says Em. “Our research suggests that scientists, plicymakers, and activists need t understand hw culture shapes the psychlgical factrs f actin t develp plicies, campaigns, and interventins that address imprtant scial issues.”
16. What des Em find abut previus research n envirnmental behavir?
A. Its study participants are t limited.
B. Its results need a while t be achieved.
C. It priritizes individuals’ attitudes and beliefs.
D. It draws much evidence frm public discussin.
17. Under which cnditin will a Japanese man mst likely take envirnmental actin?
A. If he sees many thers d s.
B. If he is affected by cllectivistic values.
C. If he mves t an individualistic cuntry.
D. If he wrries abut the envirnment persnally.
18. What des Em say abut their research in the last paragraph?
A. It fails t take participants’ psychlgical factrs int accunt.
B. It encurages scientists and plicymakers t make jint effrts.
C. It has a further study directin twards urgent scial challenges.
D. It prvides insights int prmting public engagement in scial issues.
19. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Scial Nrms Play a Part in Addressing Pllutin
B. Envirnmental Issues Originate frm Natinal Cultures
C. Mtivating Ec-Friendly Behavirs Depends n Cultural Values
D. Mre Envirnmental Cncerns Usually Mean Mre Green Actin
二、七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
The next time yu’re at an airprt r htel, yu might ntice a traveling grup that cnsists f yung kids, parents, and grandparents vacatining tgether. 20 But mre and mre, families tend t bring multiple generatins with them.
21 In larger grups, fr example, child-care respnsibilities can be shared acrssfamily members, allwing parents t take a break. But the real value f these trips might be hw they give relatives an pprtunity t freshen their perceptin f the peple they’ve knwn fr perhaps their entire life. Travel can take us ut f ur familiar cntexts and ffer peple a chance t see ne anther differently.
The shift tward multigeneratinal travel has a few explanatins. Fr ne, grandparents tday stay health y later in life, allwing them mre energy fr travel. 22 Plus, the average U. S. husehld has becme mre multigeneratinal. Americans are nt just traveling with grandparents in rder t spend time with them, they are traveling with them because they are mre likely t live with them in the first place. 23 Americans are taking fewer vacatin days than they did in the 1970s. They might want t make the mst f that time by including as many peple as pssible.
Whatever the reasn fr its ppularity, a multigeneratinal trip can be a rare time when yunger and lder generatins can glimpse the cmplex peple they have each becme. Away frm the family hme, lder generatins get t see their adult children as respnsible parents. Kids get t see their grandparents encunter a new envirnment. 24
A. Anther explanatin is time pressure.
B. The benefits f multigeneratinal trips are numerus.
C. Decades ag, nly wealthy families vacatined tgether.
D. A scene like this wuld have been rare a few decades ag.
E. Multigeneratinal family travel tps the list f travel trends.
F. Everyne gets t break ut f their family rles and figure ut hw t be tgether.
G. Als, big-grup accmmdatin has becme mre affrdable thrugh nline platfrms.
三、完形填空（两篇共30小题；每小题1分，满分30分）
(一)
I fund a wnderful picture f Malan karst cnes nline and presented it t the innkeeper. “Yu can’t g there,” the innkeeper 1 me. “The viewing platfrm has been clsed due t 2 that t many visitrs culd cause gelgical damage.”
Despite ur disappintment, we 3 an alternative: a seven-hur hike thrugh the “funnel frest”. Initially, we were 4 t run the risk. Hwever, I had 5 the turism mtt in the nature reserve: “If yu dn’t d it nw, yu wn’t d it in yur lifetime.” Three f ur grup 6 decided t venture int the frest. The innkeeper respnded with a knwing 7 : “Great. Bear Grylls went there.”
The next mrning, we set ff with a lcal 8 . Rain came and went three times, and befre I actually 9 t climb ver the first muntain, I had already gt wet t the skin. I was a walking 10 f mu d and water.
Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a btanist, intrducing the lcally specific plants t us, but I was hardly in the 11 . Every step sank int the muddy, sucking grund. Every lg r rck in frnt f us was a physical 12 . “One can never reach thse places withut strng willpwer,” I murmured, reciting that milleninium-ld 13 , ver and ver again.
Sinkhles and entrances t undergrund rivers kept ppping up alng ur 14 . Thinking f them leading t an unknwn wrld, I began t 15 the rad that I can cntrl even mre.
Wandering in a green chas withut any bvius landmarks is als breathtaking.
1. A. answered B. tld C. fllwed D. favred
2. A. news B. matters C. cncerns D. cnclusins
3. A. wrked ut B. tk in C. set dwn D. ruled ut
4. A. unwilling B. surprised C. calm D. inspired
5. A. frgtten B. prmted C. interpreted D. nticed
6. A. shrtly B. lately C. eventually D. suddenly
7. A. taste B. tne C. smile D. sigh
8. A. btanist B. keeper C. farmer D. guide
9. A. managed B. decided C. planned D. agreed
10. A. visitr B. mixture C. lg D. stranger
11. A. eagerness B. md C. humr D. pity
12. A. cntact B. energy C. activity D. challenge
13. A. predictin B. line C. deal D. secret
14. A. rute B. landmark C. platfrm D. rck
15. A. guarantee B. ignre C. dubt D. appreciate
(二)
I’ll always remember a lessn that I learned as a by grwing up in New Yrk City. One day, when I was perhaps six years ld, I was walking with my father n a 16 street. All f a sudden, the flw f pedestrian traffic came t a stp as peple tried t 17 a large bject n the sidewalk. T my astnishment, the bject 18 t be a human being, a man lying uncnscius against a building. As we walked by, my father - the mdel f a lving, 19 gentleman-pinted t a bttle in a paper bag and tld me that the pr sul n the sidewalk just needed t sleep it ff. Then the drunken man began t murmur senselessly. My father 20 me nt t g near, saying “yu never knw hw he’ll react.”
Yet many years later I had a very different experience while visiting a market in Rangn. I had spent the previus 12 mnths traveling in 21 Asian cities, but even by thse standards this was a scene f misery (穷困). 22 desperate pverty and strng winds blwing dust 23 , the lcals had t live in the extremely ht climate with ridiculusly huge crwds. 24 a man carrying a huge bag f peanuts called ut in pain and 25 t the grund. I then witnessed an astnishing scene. Half a dzen 26 ran frm their stands t help, leaving unattended what might have been the ttality f their pssessins. One put a blanket under the man’s head; anther pened his shirt; the third ne 27 him carefully abut the pain; the furth ne 28 water; the fifth ne kept nlkers frm crwding arund t clsely; the sixth ne ran fr help. Within minutes a dctr arrived and tw ther lcals jined in t assist. The 29 culd have passed fr a final exam at a nursing schl.
I culdn’t help wndering, why peple act 30 at the similar situatin here?
16. A. silent B. crwded C. new D. remte
17. A. avid B. identify C. bserve D. apprach
18. A. brke ut B. std up C. turned ut D. grew up
19. A. strng B. caring C. hnest D. indifferent
20. A. frced B. persuaded C. warned D. allwed
21. A. pr B. wealthy C. fashinable D. dangerus
22. A. Instead f B. In spite f C. In case f D. In additin t
23. A. everywhere B. nwhere C. smewhere D. anywhere
24. A. Gradually B. Abslutely C. Immediately D. Suddenly
25. A. fell B. jumped C. rlled D. marched
26. A. beggars B. judges C. sellers D. custmers
27. A. dubted B. named C. explained D. questined
28. A. drank B. saved C. remved D. fetched
29. A. dctr B. nlkers C. perfrmance D. discvery
30. A. cnfidently B. differently C. independently D. cautiusly
四、单选（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
1. Behind last year’s Zib’s sudden fame ______ the effrts and services f the lcal gvernment, as well as a gd reputatin f lcal businesses.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
2. The exhibit als includes an interactive, immersive unit ______ visitrs may click a muse t change digital versins f the artwrk.
A. which B. where C. that D. what
3. Many stres make clth shes using machines, but Qiang sticks t the technique f making shes entirely ______ hand.
A. with B. in C. by D. at
4. ______ many difficulties in the US, Qian eventually returned t China in 1955.
A. T vercme B. Having vercme C. Overcming D. Overcme
5. She nted that cultural integratin has always been a prpsitin (主张) f the Maltese gvernment, and ______ cperatin between the tw sides shuld be based n equality.
A. the B. what C. which D. that
6. Celadn (青瓷) prduced in Lngquan, Zhejiang prvince, a technique passed dwn fr mre than 1,600 years, ______ a typical example f craftsmen’s pursuit f the perfect green glint (闪耀).
A. are B. being C. were D. is
7. Flk tunes and lyrics in his reginal dialect were ______ made singer-sng writer Zhang Gasng’s music stand ut.
A. what B. that C. hw D. where
8. Zhang has recrded and learned music frm flk musicians he met while travelling, as ______ means t preserve endangered flk music styles.
A. the B. these C. a D. thse
9. Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message ______ fr everyne.
A. is intended B. having intended C. which intended D. intended
10. She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility ______ saving their envirnment.
A. fr B. as C. in D. f
五、U10单句填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
11. ______ (interrupt) are ne f the wrst things t deal with while yu’re trying t get wrk dne.
12. S n behalf f the villagers’ benefit, the lcal gvernment has decided t call fr an end t the factries’ ______ (legal) behavirs.
13. With a new teaching apprach ______ (adpt), the students are becming mre and mre interested in their study.
14. Suffering severe backache, he was far frm ______ (impress) in his semi-final against Federer.
15. Sme f the mst ______ (frequent) asked questins have prvked heated discussin amng the netizens.
16. The study ______ (investigate) the impact f vilent TV prgramming n children ver the last tw years.
17. Despite difficulties he still made a reslutin ______ (prceed) with envirnmental causes.
18. He ______ (freeze) with terrr, ttally at a lss what he wuld d next.
19. ______ (appeal) t the referee des nt ften result in a decisin being changed.
20. Gvernment ______ (intervene) t regulate prices aims t lessen the destructive effects f ecnmic depressin.
六、U11单句填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
21. I am writing t make an aplgy fr any ______ (不便) caused by my children.
22. She felt ______ (羞愧) f making a mess in the bathrm.
23. I have n chice but t make ______ (投诉) abut the salesman’s rude behavir.
24. She made a New Year’s ______ (reslve) t study even harder in the cming year.
25. His sudden ______ (depart) threw the ffice int chas.
26. The public demanded that the trps ______ (撤离，退出) frm the regin.
27. The charity is busy d______ (分发，分配) fd t the earthquake victims.
28. We can draw a ______ (cnclude) frm the statistics that hmelessness is n the increase.
29. There is n denying that wrking ut regularly is ______ (benefit) t us.
30. Frtunately, the kid made a full ______ (康复) after the peratin.
七、U12单句填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
31. He prpsed that a fund ______ (establish) t raise mney.
32. The ecnmy has shwn significant ______ (imprve) ver the pa st 9 mnths.
33. The number f turists t the resrt declined ______ 10% last year.
34. I have a gd cmmand f English with a high level f ______ (accurate).
35. Tu Yuyu has devted her entire life t ______ (science) research int artemisinin.
36. ______ (instant) M Yan stepped nt the stage, the audience burst int thunderus applause.
37. On hearing the news, he ______ (vercme) with delight.
38. Children are advised t drink as much ______ (bil) water as pssible, which is favrable t their health.
39. Mzart, an internatinally recgnized musician, has a gift ______ cmpsitin.
40. Tickets are ______ (availability) free f charge frm the schl.
参考答案
一、阅读理解
A 篇 1-3 BCA B 篇 4-7 ACBC C 篇 8-11 CBCD
D 篇 12-15 CCBA E 篇 16-19 AADC
二、七选五
20-24 DBGAF
三、完形填空
（一） 1-5 BCAAD 6-10 CCDAB 11-15 BDBAD
（二） 16-20 BACBC 21-25 ADADA 26-30 CDDCB
四、单选
1-5 CBCBD 6-10 DACDA
五、U10单句填空
11. Interruptins 12. illegal 13. adpted 14. impressive 15. frequently
16. has investigated/been investigating 17. t prceed 18. frze/was frzen 19. Appealing 20. interventin
六、U11单句填空
21. incnvenience 22. ashamed 23. cmplaints 24. reslutin 25. departure
26. (shuld) withdraw/ be withdrawn 27. distributing 28. cnclusin 29. beneficial 30. recvery
七、U12单句填空
31. (shuld) be established 32. imprvement(s) 33. by 34. accuracy 35. scientific
36. Instantly 37. was vercme 38. biled 39. fr 40. available