最新高考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】 第19讲 七选五(讲通)
展开2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼,容量大,速度快。所以,学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路,要快速地用脑思,用心听、用嘴说,用手写,才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成,重视规范的做题步骤,重视思考过程。更重要的是,做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习,重视基础知识的同时,要坚持阅读训练,促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间,重效果,扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧,任务重,需要同学们充分抢抓时间,利用时间,紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就,需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点,成功只是早晚的事!
►第19讲 七选五
(讲义)
【复习目标】
掌握七选五命题规律
掌握段首句解题策略
掌握段中句解题策略并熟知逻辑关系词
掌握段位句解题策略
【考情分析】
七选五题型词数300左右(正文词数200 左右,选项词数100左右)。选材多是社会生活和文化科技方面;具有贴近生活、新颖、体现正能量、时代性强等特点。文章结构严谨、逻辑严密、层次分明,突出对篇章结构的整体理解,侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型包括短中、段首、段尾题,其中段中题是考查的重难点。段首和段尾为辅。七个选项意义都与文章内容相关,两个选项为干扰项。
【网络构建】
知识点 一 段首题
命题规律:
段首题具有鲜明的语言特征,要么是段落标题句(主旨句),要么就是段落主题句,七选五解题时可采用先易后难的原则,而段首的这两种题型即可作为七选五解题的突破口。
题型和考查角度:
1.段落小标题:概括段落大意,特征突出,短小且语言精炼
2.段落主题句:段落主旨概括性,与其它段落承上启下
一 段落小标题
解题策略:1. 观察其它段落标题的形式。
阅读段落内容,提炼段落中心词、高频词和中心词的近义词。
选项特征:1. 其形式应和其他小标题相同。
选项语言短小精炼。
3. 多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。
二 段落主题句
主题句分两种类型。设空处在段首通常为主旨概括句,有时也可能为承上启下(过渡)句。如果设空处位于段首,要瞻前顾后找提示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案与之衔接,并结合本段内容,看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
1.主旨概括句
解题策略:认真阅读后文内容,段落的第一、二句是关键信息,查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句,有时也要参考最后一句,因为段落中常运用首尾呼应的原则,根据尾句进行验证。
选项特征:准确概括段落大意,避免以偏概全或偏离主题
2.承上启下(过渡)句
在段首设空的题有时也可能起承上启下的作用,此时既要熟悉上一段内容,又要去结合下一段内容。解题策略:做题时要联系上下文,把握逻辑关系,分析所选答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
选项特征:过渡句与段落主旨相关,且与上下文语意连贯。
【真题典例】(2023年新高考II卷)
·___19___ Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability.
A Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B. Make career plans and set gals.
C. Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.
D. Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
E. Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.
F. Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
G. Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.
知识点 二 段中题
命题规律:
段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性,注意句子之间的衔接手法,如代词、逻辑连接词等。做题时,首先要依据关键信息将选项进行排除,然后将剩下的可能答案逐一代入,达到选项和设空处的前后内容达到语意连贯及逻辑通顺,最终确定最佳选项。
解题策略:
利用结构或暗示
利用逻辑关系
一 利用结构或暗示
设空位于段中,首先阅读选项并画出关键词;然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句,画出关键词,找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案;
1. 先看选项
七选五的选项较少,并且给出的都是句子。可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号先判断该句在文章中的位置。另外,通过阅读选项,有可能找出跟其它选项表达完全不同意思的句子,这样可以直接将该选项排除。
2. 再看空前空后
由于七选五空出的是整个句子,而这些句子与句子之间,必然有一种联系,可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性,从而选择正确的答案。
3. 注意代词或定冠词
一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词,因为我们知道,代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的,然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型,这样可以迅速的确定备选选项。
【真题典例】(2023年新高考I卷)Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. ____19____ That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
4. 注意一些特殊疑问词
选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词,一定要把这句话仔细读几遍,因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的,比如对why的回答,后面要有because等表原因的词,对when的回答,后面要有表时间的状语,对where的回答,后面要有表地点的名词,对hw的回答,后面要有方式状语等。
注意选项和设空处是否为完整的句子
有时选项可能不是一个完整的句子,这样子可以在选项中圈定一些从句如if,when等开头的选项,再结合文章设空处前后的关联即可迅速判定正确选项。
二 利用逻辑关系
连词可以表现句子与句子之间的逻辑关系,通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。如一些表示转折的连词,but,Hwever,yet,thugh,nevertheless等,另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and,als,as well as,neither nr,either r,nt als,n the ne the ther hand等。
并列或递进关系
并列或递进关系是指后一句对前一句是一种顺承逻辑关系。常见的表示并列关系的标志性词语有first(ly), secnd(ly), third(ly), next/then, finally/last, first f all, fr ne thing, fr anther thing, sme ... thers ..., t begin with, t cnclude等;常见的表示递进关系的标志性词语有als, further, furthermre, likewise, similarly, mrever, in additin, what's mre, nt nly ... but als ...等。
【真题典例】(2021全年国甲卷)●Invite 5-10 peple s yu have a nice selectin. Less peple than that, and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.
● 18 . They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their “new” clthes hme.
G.Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
转折或让步关系
转折或让步关系是指后一句对前一句构成逆转逻辑关系。常见表示转折或让步关系的标志性词语有but, hwever, nevertheless, still, yet, while/thugh/althugh, r/therwise, instead, n the cntrary, in cntrast, in cmparisn, by cmparisn等。
【真题典例】(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)We all grew up hearing peple tell us t “g ut and get sme fresh air”. 36 Accrding t recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in yur camping area is gd.
E.But is fresh air really as gd fr yu as yur mther always said?
因果关系
因果关系是指后一句为前一句的结果(有时也为原因)。常见的标志性词语有s, therefre, thus, cnsequently, as a result (f), s/such ... that ..., s that, result in/frm, lead t, due t, thanks t, wing t等。
【真题典例】(2020年浙江高考)My mther als encuraged me t make what I wanted. I tried making ty cars with cardbard bxes and cnstructing buildings frm leftver cardbard and bits f wd my father gave me. When my mther saw my creatins, she tld me hw creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lt abut hw t extend the life f bjects and transfrm them int smething new and useful. It was a trait (特点) thers fund helpful, and I sn had friends wh wanted t make things with me.
F.Thus, I began my lifelng interest in making things.
例证关系
例证关系是前后句的某句是为了证明或解释另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的标志性词语有fr example, fr instance, in fact/as a matter f fact, actually, in ther wrds, that is (t say)等。
【真题典例】(2021年浙江高考)“Many peple in China have limited expsure t English. 35 That said, we knw f many pstcrssing members, including Chinese, wh have actually imprved their English skills thrugh their use f pstcrssing,” Paul says.
B.That makes it extra hard t learn and practice it.
知识点三 段尾题
命题规律:
段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容,偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句,要么就是承上启下句。
题型和考查角度:
结论句:用于总结本段内容,常含有总结性的词语。
承上启下句:此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
总结概括句
解题策略:1. 做题时一要注意设空的前一句或前两三句;
2. 要注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的词语如thus, therefre, hence, s, as a result, in a wrd, in shrt, t cnclude, t sum up等;
承上启下(过渡)句
解题策略:1.在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时要考虑与下一段开头是否有衔接,认真阅读下一段的开头几句,看是否能紧密联系起来。
2.如果第一段的段尾是空白,往往是和下一段能连贯起来。
3.通常是结论、概括性语句。要注意表示总结的信号词,如therefre, as a result, hence, thus, t sum up, t cnclude, in shrt, in a wrd等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
4.与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所 讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比、转折、排比、并列、递进等关系。根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词,
【典例】
(2023届福建省高三联合测评试题)
● Send e-mails instead f traditinal mail.
Traditinal, psted mails require a lt f paper. There are als sme ther disadvantages t traditinal mail. E-mails have a few advantages, including being delivered much quicker than traditinal mail, the ability t be sent t ne persn r a larger grup, and being able t send them at any time.
A.Taking care f the Earth is everyne’s jb.
B.Yu culd use nte app r wrd prcessr t d this.
C.Using ld newspapers is a great, ec-friendly way t wrap gifts.
D.Yu culd als text r call smene as ppsed t sending traditinal mail.
E.The back f a piece f paper can be used fr things like drafts r ther ntes.
F.It takes a lt less energy t recycle paper than t make sme frm raw material.
G.Traditinal mail is perhaps ne f the mst exciting ways t hear frm smene.
考向一 段首句
(2023届辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题)
___
It’s easy t give in when yur children are lsing their tempers. But each time yu give them what they want, yu teach yur children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way t get their needs met. If yu want t raise mentally strng kids, stick t yur limits.
A.Giving in t misbehavir
B.Keeping t yur principles
C.Teach them nt t give up dreams easily
D.Kids tend t have a wide variety f emtins
E.Therefre, set limits n what yu give yur children
F.Yu may think it’s cute t spend mre mney n yur children
G.They are als mre likely t struggle with self- cnfidence issues
考向二 段中句
(2023届吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校模拟试题)
Dn’t watch r read scary cntent befre bed.
Images-frm any exciting r disturbing cntent yu watch befre bed can appear in yur dreams. 164 Reading the news media and then hpping int bed is mre likely t give rise t upsetting dreams than lking thrugh pictures frm yur last vacatin with yur family.
A.Use a white nise machine.
B.Practice stress-relieving activities.
C.A healthy sleep rutine begets sund sleep.
D.Instead, try herbal teas and ther drinks aiding sleep.
E.Hw can we reduce nightmares and imprve ur sleep?
F.During the pandemic, even ur everyday lives are lking pretty scary, t.
G.Dreams and rapid eye mvement sleep is essential fr memry imprvement.
考向三 段尾句
(2023届辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题)
Expecting Perfectin
While high expectatins are gd fr kids, setting the gal t high is likely t get the ppsite effect. Whether yu expect t much frm yur child n the sprts field, r yur academic expectatins are unreasnable, kids wh feel they can’t succeed are likely t stp trying. .
A.Giving in t misbehavir
B.Keeping t yur principles
C.Teach them nt t give up dreams easily
D.Kids tend t have a wide variety f emtins
E.Therefre, set limits n what yu give yur children
F.Yu may think it’s cute t spend mre mney n yur children
G.They are als mre likely t struggle with self- cnfidence issues
(2023年新高考I卷)
Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. ____16____ Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” ____17____ Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
(2023年新高考II卷)
·Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. ___17___
·Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. ___18___ Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. Welcme t the club;we’ve all been there. I lve taking n challenges. I nce tk up a challenge t create a painting every day fr a mnth and pst the wrks nline.
A Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B. Make career plans and set gals.
C. Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.
D. Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
E. Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.
F. Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
G. Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.
年份
卷别
段首题及题号
段中题及题号
段尾题及题号
2023
新高考I卷
0
4个;36/37/39/40题
1个;38题
2023
新高考II卷
1个;39题
3个;36/38/40题
1个;37题
2022
新高考I卷
0
4个;36/37/38/39题
1个;39题
2022
新高考II卷
1个;36题
4个;37/38/39/40题
0
2021
新高考I卷
1个;39题
4个;36/37/38/40题
0
2021
新高考II卷
1个;38题
3个;37/39/40题
1个;36题
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