最新高考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】 第16讲 阅读理解推理判断题(讲通)
展开2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼,容量大,速度快。所以,学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路,要快速地用脑思,用心听、用嘴说,用手写,才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成,重视规范的做题步骤,重视思考过程。更重要的是,做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习,重视基础知识的同时,要坚持阅读训练,促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间,重效果,扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧,任务重,需要同学们充分抢抓时间,利用时间,紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就,需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点,成功只是早晚的事!
►第16讲 推理判断题
(讲义)
【复习目标】
熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
明确命题规律和提问方式
掌握不同题型的解题方法
掌握阅读理解高频同义词转换
【考情分析】
近三年新高考阅读理解推理判断理题细目表
【网络构建】
推理判断题概述
命题规律:
推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面,是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,进行逻辑推理,对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知,推断题呈不断上升的趋势,且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力,难度比之前有所增加。
预计2024年高考推理判断题仍旧占比7题左右。
题型和考查角度:
1.高频考点:隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
2.低频考点:文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。
预计2024年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中, 更是侧重对推理判断题的考查。
错误原因:
1. 主观臆断
2. 缺乏逻辑
3. 过度推理
4. 缺乏常识
选项特征 :
知识点 一 隐含推断类
锁定关键词:
根据题干关键词infer(推断),suggest(表明,暗示),cnclude(得出结论), indicate(暗示,象征), imply(暗示), assume(假定,设想)迅速确定题型
解题指导:
浏览选项,首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项
抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理:在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后,要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断;
整合全文/段信息进行推断:有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上,整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断,才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文,避免主观臆断。
【真题典例】
(2023年新高考I卷B篇)
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
27. What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse.D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
知识点 二 观点态度类
锁定关键词:
根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等,如attitude(态度),utstanding( 优秀的,突出的),disagree(不同意),hpefully(有希望的),against(反对), in favr f(赞成), 迅速确定题型。
解题指导:
认真审题,明确“谁对谁”的态度,明确答题方向
关注段落首尾句,推断文章和段落主题,确定观点
注意作者或文中人物的措辞
分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思,切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点;
牢记观点态度的常见词语
【真题典例】(2023年新高考II卷D篇)
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
知识点 三 写作意图类
锁定关键词:
根据题干关键词purpse(目的),intend t(打算),want t tell us ...(想要告诉我们),write this passage t(写这篇文章为了)迅速确定题型。
解题指导:
根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图;
根据文体推断写作意图
记叙文:通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言,且往往有一定的哲理性,所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开(t tell a stry, t entertain readers, t share an experience...);
应用文:文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍,使用具有明显倾向性的语言(t sell, t attract, t persuade, t prmte...)
说明文:其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握,应找准主题句(t intrduce, t explain, t infrm, t make cmparisns...);
议论文:一般开头提出某论点,中间进行论证,最后得出结论,写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
【真题典例】
(2023年新高考II卷B篇)
Over the years Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
26. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
知识点 四 文章出处或写作对象类
锁定关键词:
根据设题方式迅速确定题型:
This passage wuld be mst likely t be fund in .
The passage is prbably taken frm .
Where des this text prbably cme frm?
Which sectin f a magazine is this passage prbably taken frm?
The text is intended fr .
解题指导:
根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象
根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题
广告:语言简洁鲜明,有亮点;
报刊:时事性强,分不同板块,高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主;
杂志:覆盖生活各个层面,更贴近幕后,更贴近生活;
产品说明书:对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍;
药品说明:说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等;
网络:文体不限,找到click here,dwnlad,uplad,link,muse, surf等网络标志
【真题典例】
1.(2023年新高考II卷C篇)
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins.
8. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.D. A review f mdern paintings.
(2023年新高考I卷A篇)
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
21.Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A.A textbk.B.An exam paper.C.A curse plan.D.An academic article.
考向一 隐含推断题
(2023届福建省厦门一中高三二模试题C篇)
T much time spent n gaming, smartphnes and watching televisin is linked t heightened levels and diagnses (诊断) f anxiety r depressin in children as yung as age 2, accrding t a new study.
What d we knw abut Twenge and Campbell’s study accrding t paragraph 2?
A.It requires further research.
B.It brings children less cmfrt.
C.It needs greater ability t finish.
D.It generates mre public cncern.
考向二 观点态度题
There are times when yu are at a critical crssrads with a student and the rad yu chse will make all the difference. I knew at that mment the right thing t d was t kneel dwn next t her chair, and sftly say, “Yu’re right, Laura. I have used my wrds unwisely and unkindly. Will yu frgive me?” She lked me in the eye and simply said, “Yes, I frgive yu, Mrs. Ekre. I’m srry, t.”
Which wrds can best describe the writer?
A.Caring but stubbrn.B.Tlerant and pen-minded.
C.Strict and changeable.D.Sincere and flexible.
考向三 写作意图题
(2023届湖南省九校联盟第二次联考英语试题)
“Hw beautiful the jasmine (茉莉花) is! A sweet smell cvers the budding twigs. S fragrant, s white, admired by all lips.” The famed Chinese flk sng Jasmine Flwer has reached a glbal audience with its beautiful meldy and lyrics. Equally ppular is the traditinally made Jasmine tea, whse elegant fragrance and mellw taste fascinate cuntless tea drinkers.
What is the authr’s purpse f quting the sng Jasmine Flwer?
A.T tell us nt t neglect the sng.
B.T shw the ppularity f the sng.
C.T intrduce the tpic—Jasmine tea.
D.T clarify the rigin f Jasmine tea.
考向四 文章出处或写作对象题
(2023届湖北省华中师范大学附中二检试题)
●Hw t Enter:
1. Select hw many images yu want t enter.
2. Fllw the check-ut prcess t pay the entry fee.
3. Select yur images and uplad; click here t start.
If pssible, please name each image with yur name and the categry yu are submitting like this:
“FirstName-LastName-Categry. jpg”
●Deadline: March 31, 2023
Where can yu see this text prbably?
A.In a phtgraphy magazine.B.In a phtgraphy guidebk
C.On a website.D.In an iPhne manual bk.
(2023年新高考I卷A篇)
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
21. What is an advantage f MacBike?
A. It gives children a discunt.B. It ffers many types f bikes.
C. It rganizes free cycle turs.D. It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
2.(2023年新高考I卷C篇)
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
30. What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?
A. Theretical mdels.B. Statistical methds.
C. Practical examples.D. Histrical analyses.
卷别
年份
2023
2022
2021
新高考I卷
7
6
6
新高考II卷
7
4
2
正确选项特征
例句
同义替换
对原文句子中的关键词进行替换,成为正确选项
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化
把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化,设置为答案。
词性或语态的变化
改变原文重点词性或语态,给考生制造了某些障碍。
干扰项特征
例句
张冠李戴
为原文内容,但与题目文不对题,不符合题目要求。
偷梁换柱
在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。
正误参半
选项内容 部分正确,部分错误。
颠倒是非
与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。
无中生有
符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。
扩缩范围
以偏概全或以全概偏如:almst, all, nearly, never, cmpletely, 等绝对词与文章意义不符。
观点态度
例词
支持肯定
psitive (积极的)、supprtive (支持的)、ptimistic (乐观的)
humrus(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的);
中立
neutral (中立的)、bjective(客观的)、nt mentined(未提及的)、
uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的);
否定反对
negative(否定的)、suspicius/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的)
critical(批评的)、disappinted(失望的)、disapprving(不赞成的)。
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