专题01 阅读理解（第1期）-2024届浙江高考英语模拟试题分项汇编

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It’s easy t assume that a vacatin t Bali will cst a small frtune. There are plenty f accmmdatins, fd and lcal transprtatin, and even the spas ffer massages and treatments at value prices. Hwever, yu can easily spend a week r tw in Bali fr under $2,000, withut having t sleep n the beach. Here are a few things t cnsider when planning Bali n a budget.
What is the best time t visit Bali n a budget?
If yu’re n a budget, cnsider visiting Bali during the lwer, wetter seasn, which runs frm Octber thrugh March. The crwds will be fewer, and bth htel rates and flights frm abrad are ften cheaper, except during the hliday perid between mid-December and early January, when crwds swell. The nly trade-ff fr the lwer prices is the wet seasn. This time f year isn’t always ideal fr sunbathing, and serius rainfall can make utdr activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing. That said, even during rainy seasn, it desn’t usually rain all day lng. Expect bursts f sunshine between the strms.
What is the cheapest way t get arund Bali?
The abslute cheapest way t get arund Bali is by lcal bus, but it can take a lng time. There are als turist buses, including hp-n, hp-ff ptins, that travel between different hubs acrss the island. Bali is well-served by taxis, bth f the car and mtrbike variety, and the prices tend t be affrdable by internatinal standards. Mst drivers will ffer yu a fixed rate fr full-day hires r t get frm pint A t pint B, rather than using a meter.
Remember t bargain; ding s is particularly easy when a driver is n his wn rather than at a taxi stand.
Hw much des fd cst in Bali?
If yu’re int fine dining, yu can end up spending a large chunk f yur budget n fd. Eating at the average restaurant geared twards turists is the best way t have a meal in Bali n a budget. A gd meal shuld cst yu arund 100,000 rupiah (arund $7), but if yu’re willing t subsist mstly ff f lcal specialties such as nasi greng (fried rice) and eat at lcal restaurants, yu can expect t pay arund 30,000 rupiah ($2) t get fed. Best f all, mst htels and guesthuses in Bali cme with free breakfast, and many ffer heavier ptins f ndles and meat that may keep yu full until lunch.
1．Which f the fllwing situatin can be best described by the underlined wrd trade-ff in paragraph 2?
A．Jack gt a reward after he returned the lst bag t its wner.
B．Lily spent much mney buying sme handicrafts at the lcal fair.
C．Wendy cancelled her trip in rder t prevent the spread f the virus.
D．Sam was sclded by his parents fr what he did in schl last night.
2．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．It’s better fr utdr enthusiasts t visit Bali during the ff seasn.
B．Passengers had better fix the price with drivers befre the taxi pulls ut frm the statin.
C．If n a tight budget, ne is advised t visit Bali at the end f December every year.
D．It’s relatively ecnmical t eat merely at average restaurants tailred t visitrs.
3．In which clumn f a magazine can yu mst prbably find this passage?
A．City and Transprt.B．Travel and Recreatin.
C．Nature and Envirnment.D．Fd and Health.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个去巴厘岛度假省钱的办法。
1．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“This time f year isn’t always ideal fr sunbathing, and serius rainfall can make utdr activities, such as whitewater rafting and visiting waterfalls and rice terraces, less than appealing.(每年的这个时候并不总是日光浴的理想时间，而且严重的降雨会使户外活动，如漂流、参观瀑布和梯田，没有吸引力)”可知，价格下降的原因是雨季这一代价。划线词意为“代价”。故C选项“为了防止病毒的传播，温迪取消了她的旅行”最能描述画线词，温迪以失去旅行为代价，换取防止病毒传播。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Eating at the average restaurant geared twards turists is the best way t have a meal in Bali n a budget.(要想在巴厘岛省钱，在一家面向游客的普通餐厅吃饭是最好的办法)”结合选项可知，在为游客量身定制的普通餐厅吃饭相对经济省钱。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s easy t assume that a vacatin t Bali will cst a small frtune. There are plenty f accmmdatins, fd and lcal transprtatin, and even the spas ffer massages and treatments at value prices. Hwever, yu can easily spend a week r tw in Bali fr under $2,000, withut having t sleep n the beach. Here are a few things t cnsider when planning Bali n a budget.(人们很容易认为去巴厘岛度假会花一大笔钱。这里有充足的住宿，食物和当地交通，甚至水疗中心提供合理价位的按摩和治疗。然而，你也可以花不到2000美元在巴厘岛度过一两个星期，甚至不用在海滩上睡觉。以下是在规划巴厘岛预算时需要考虑的一些事情)”结合文章主要介绍了三个去巴厘岛度假省钱的办法。可推知，你最可能在杂志的“旅游和娱乐”专栏里找到这篇文章。故选B。
Eliana Yi dreamed f pursuing pian perfrmance in cllege, never mind that her fingers culd barely reach the length f an ctave (八度音阶). Unable t fully play many wrks by Rmantic-era cmpsers, including Beethven and Brahms, she tried anyway — and in her determinatin t spend hurs practicing ne f Chpin’s cmpsitins which is knwn fr being “stretchy”, wund up injuring herself.
“I wuld just g t pieces,” the Suthern Methdist University junir recalled. “There were just t many ctaves. I wndered whether I was just ging t play Bach and Mzart fr the rest f my life.”
The effrts f SMU keybard studies chair Carl Lene are changing all that. Twenty years ag, the schl became the first majr university in the U.S. t incrprate smaller keybards int its music prgram, leveling the playing field fr Yi and ther pian majrs.
Yi reflected n the first time she tried ne f the smaller keybards: “I remember being really excited because my hands culd actually reach and play all the right ntes,” she said. Ever since, “I haven’t had a single injury, and I can practice as lng as I want.”
Fr decades, few questined the size f the cnventinal pian. If smene’s hand span was less than 8.5 inches — the distance cnsidered ideal t cmfrtably play an ctave — well, that’s just hw it was.
Thse wh attempt “stretchy” passages either get used t mitting ntes r risk tendn (腱) injury with repeated play. Lene is familiar with such challenges. Brn int a family f jazz musicians, she instead favred classical music and pursued pian despite her small hand span and earned a dctrate in musical arts.
A few years after jining SMU’s music faculty in 1996, the decrated pianist read an article in Pian and Keybard magazine abut the smaller keybards. As Lene wuld later write, the discvery wuld cmpletely renew her life and career.
In 2000, she received a grant t retrfit a department Steinway t accmmdate a smaller keybard, and the benefits were immediate. In additin t relieving injury caused by verextended fingers, she said, it gave thse with smaller spans the ability t play classic cmpsitins taken fr granted by larger-handed cunterparts.
Smaller keybards instill many with new cnfidence. It’s nt their wn limitatins that have held them back, they realize; it’s the limitatins f the instruments themselves. Fr thse devted t a life f making music, it’s as if a clud has suddenly lifted.
4．What is the similarity between Eliana Yi and Carl Lene?
A．Their interest in jazz extended t classical music.
B．Shrt hand span used t restrict their music career.
C．They bth jined SMU’s music faculty years ag.
D．Rmantic-era cmpsers’ music was easy fr them.
5．Why did SMU initiate an effrt t scale dwn the pian?
A．T reduce the number f ctaves.
B．T incrprate Bach int its music prgram.
C．T prvide fair pprtunities fr pian majrs.
D．T encurage pianists t spend mre hurs practicing.
6．Hw did Yi prbably feel when she played the retrfitted pian?
A．Cnfident.B．Frustrated.C．Challenging.D．Determined.
7．Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A．Wh Qualifies as an Ideal Pianist?
B．Traditinal r Innvative Pian?
C．Hard-wrking Pianists Pays ff
D．The Stry behind Retrfitted Pians
【答案】4．B 5．C 6．A 7．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了南方卫理公会大学的音乐系教授Carl Lene如何引入小钢琴键盘来改变钢琴教育的现状和Eliana Yi使用小钢琴键盘的经历。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Eliana Yi dreamed f pursuing pian perfrmance in cllege, never mind that her fingers culd barely reach the length f an ctave (八度音阶).( Eliana Yi在大学时梦想着从事钢琴演奏，尽管她的手指几乎达不到一个八度音程的长度。)”以及第二段中““I wuld just g t pieces,” the Suthern Methdist University junir recalled. “There were just t many ctaves. I wndered whether I was just ging t play Bach and Mzart fr the rest f my life.”(“我会崩溃，”这位南卫理公会大学的大三学生回忆说。“八度太多了。我想知道我的余生是否只会演奏巴赫和莫扎特。”)”以及第六段中“Lene is familiar with such challenges. Brn int a family f jazz musicians, she instead favred classical music and pursued pian despite her small hand span and earned a dctrate in musical arts.( Lene Lene对这些挑战很熟悉。她出生在一个爵士音乐家的家庭，但她更喜欢古典音乐，并且尽管她的手指距离较小，她还是选择了追求钢琴，并获得了音乐艺术博士学位。)”可知，短手距限制了她们的音乐事业，这是Eliana Yi和Carl Lene之间的相似之处。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Twenty years ag, the schl became the first majr university in the U.S. t incrprate smaller keybards int its music prgram, leveling the playing field fr Yi and ther pian majrs.( 20年前，该校成为美国第一所将小型键盘纳入音乐课程的主要大学，为Yi和其他钢琴专业的学生创造了公平的竞争环境。)”可知，SMU将将小型键盘纳入音乐课程是为Yi和其他钢琴专业的学生创造了公平的竞争环境。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Smaller keybards instill many with new cnfidence. It’s nt their wn limitatins that have held them back, they realize; it’s the limitatins f the instruments themselves. (更小的键盘给许多人注入了新的信心。他们意识到，阻碍他们前进的不是他们自身的局限；这是仪器本身的局限性。)”可知，当她弹奏这架改装过的钢琴时，她感觉到非常有信心。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了南方卫理公会大学的音乐系教授Carl Lene如何引入小钢琴键盘来改变钢琴教育的现状。过去，人们对于传统钢琴的尺寸几乎没有质疑，导致手指长度不够的人无法舒适地演奏八度音阶。然而，通过引入小钢琴键盘，这些人可以更轻松地演奏，并且不再受到手指过度伸展而导致的伤害。这一改变不仅让那些手指长度较短的人有了更多的机会演奏经典作品，也给他们带来了新的信心和动力。D选项“The Stry behind Retrfitted Pians(改装钢琴背后的故事)”概括文章主要内容。故选D。
The urgency and imprtance f Cvid-19 ver (he past year have driven almst everything else frm mst leaders5 minds. But since the vaccine is kicking in, Britain's gvernment is nce again beginning t think abut the things that will matter later. Next week, it is expected t publish a 'plan fr grwth“ t bst prductivity, with innvatin at its centre.
The wrld may be n the pint f a technlgical bm with life sciences, at which Britain excels. Innvatin is crucial t prductivity, but n this frnt Britain's perfrmance has lagged behind its cmpetitrs' in recent years. Its lw spending n Research and Develpment (R&D) argues fr a bst. Thse wh attributed the financial failure in the 1970s t the insufficiency f research funds may regard this as a threat t ecnmic grwth. Prmting innvatin can quickly (um int an exercise in picking winners - r, as is mre ften the case, lsers.
A secnd danger is that plicy agendas get mixed up. The gvernment has prmised t "level up” prer areas f the cuntry, s deprived twns are campaigning fr mre mney fr their universities. But trying t bst innvatin by sending mney t weak institutins is likely t make ur leading universities lse their advantages, thus prducing average ideas that culd have been remarkable. Britain's research-funding system has always been elitist(精英主义的). It shuld stay that way.
The gvernment's first mve in bsting innvatin was the annuncement f a plan fr an Advanced Research and Inventin Agency (ARIA). ARlA's purpse is t fund high-risk, high-reward research. But mney is nt all that mailers. The successful translatin f life science research int treatments during the pandemic suggests sme inexpensive measures that can als make a difference.
One is t speed up gvernmental prcesses. The rapidity with which Britain's medical regulatr mved during the pandemic is ne reasn why the vaccine rllut is racing thrugh the ppulatin. Urgency is nt unique l pandemics. Getting things dne quickly can make an investment wrthwhile and determine where a businessman chses as a base.
Anther useful measure the gvernment shuld use is its unique ability t vercme barriers. At the beginning f the pandemic. Cvid-19 researchers were unable t gain access t different strands f health service data. The gvernment eased restrictins n existing data and allwed researchers t ask peple wh had tested psitive tr Cvid-19 t jin trials. Bth were crucial t the effrt.
A last principle is the value f cnnectins between the gvernment and the private sectr. Kate Bingham, a venture capitalist wh led the vaccine-purchase effrt, understd hw t deal with drug cmpanies. Many f the civil servants wrking with her had cmmercial experience. The gvernments clseness t business during the pandemic has been criticized. But withut it, the vaccine effrt wuld nt have succeeded.
Innvatin tk human beings frm caves t cmputers. Gd educatin, a welcming immigratin plicy and a friendly business envirnment will d mst t tend it. But a new sensible principles can help keep the flame burning.
8．What des the underlined wrd "this" in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Investing insufficient mney in innvatin.B．Prmting innvatin in technlgy.
C．Applying science results t practical uses.D．Distributing funds t weak institutins.
9．What's the pssible cnsequence f the British gvernment's attempt t "level up'' prer areas?
A．Britain's research-funding system will remain elitist.
B．Weak institutins are mre likely t prduce remarkable results.
C．The utstanding universities will be unable t exhibit remarkable ideas.
D．Bth pr and rich areas in the cuntry will develp in a balanced way.
10．What can be inferred frm the three principles put frward by the writer?
A．A businessman is mre willing t set up business where gvernments shw high efficiency.
B．The administrative abilities are s unique t the gvernment that they actually yield little fruit.
C．The gvernment ceased the cperatin with private sectrs fr the criticism they had received.
D．The rllut f the vaccine was made pssible mainly because the public respnded quickly.
11．What's the best title f the passage?
A．Hw Gvernments Fuel the Sparks f Innvatin
B．Why the Brits Struggle in the Tech Race
C．Hw Gvernments Benefit frm Innvatin
D．What Peple Gain with the Light f Technlgy
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．A 11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了英国政府预计并以创新为中心，发布“增长计划”以提高生产力，并着重介绍了创新应该遵守的原则。
8．词义猜测题。由第二段“Thse wh attributed the financial failure in the 1970s t the insufficiency f research funds may regard this as a threat t ecnmic grwth.”（那些将70年代的金融失败归因于研究资金不足的人可能将其视为对经济增长的威胁。）由文中这些人归因于资金不足，可知this指代研究资金不足。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。由第三段“But trying t bst innvatin by sending mney t weak institutins is likely t make ur leading universities lse their advantages, thus prducing average ideas that culd have been remarkable.”（推行该政策，贫穷的城镇为他们的大学争取更多的资金，但是试图通过向弱势机构捐款来促进创新，这可能会使我们的领先大学失去优势，产出那些本可以卓越的普通想法。）可知，英国政府推行此政策，一些领先大学会失去自身的优势，也就是C项“大学无法展示出卓越的思想”。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。由文章第五段可知，“One is t speed up gvernmental prcesses. The rapidity with which Britain's medical regulatr mved during the pandemic is ne reasn why the vaccine rllut is racing thrugh the ppulatin. ”（大流行期间，英国医疗监管机构迅速采取行动，是疫苗快速普及的原因之一。）可知，D项“之所以能够推出这种疫苗，主要是因为公众反应迅速。”故D说法不对。后半句“Getting things dne quickly can make an investment wrthwhile and determine where a businessman chses as a base. ”（快速完成工作可以使您值得投资，并确定商人选择作为基地的位置），所以效率高的地方更值得投资。A项“商人更愿意在政府表现出高效率的地方开展业务”。A说法符合题意。由文章倒数第二段“The gvernments clseness t business during the pandemic has been criticized. But withut it, the vaccine effrt wuld nt have succeeded.”（ 大流行期间政府与商业的亲密关系受到了批评。但是，如果没有它，疫苗工作将不会成功。政府和商业进行了合作。）可知政府和商业进行了合作，故C不对。低六段“The gvernment eased restrictins n existing data and allwed researchers t ask peple wh had tested psitive tr Cvid-19 t jin trials. Bth were crucial t the effrt.”（政府放宽了对现有数据的限制，并允许研究人员参加对Cvid-19呈阳性反应的人试验。 两者对于这项工作都是至关重要的。政府的能力在疫情期间是值得肯定的，所以B项“政府的行政能力是如此独特，以至于实际上他们收效甚微。”说法不正确。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Next week, it is expected t publish a 'plan fr grwth“ t bst prductivity, with innvatin at its centre.”（下周，预计将发布“增长计划”以提高生产力，并以创新为中心。以及下文提到的原则。）可知，还有最后一段Gd educatin, a welcming immigratin plicy and a friendly business envirnment will d mst t tend it. But a new sensible principles can help keep the flame burning.（良好的教育，热情的移民政策和友善的商业环境将最有助于实现这一目标。但是新的明智原则可以帮助保持火焰燃烧。）可知，全文主要讲创新的原则，应该怎么激发创新，故选A项。
A handshake seems t be a nrmal gesture. In fact, in the 9th century BC, an ancient site during the ruling f Shalmaneser III clearly shws tw figures hlding hands. The Iliad, usually dated t the 8th century BC, mentins that tw characters “taking each ther’s hands and expressing their lyalty.” Centuries later, Shakespeare nce wrte f tw characters wh shk hands and swre t be brthers in the bk As Yu Like It. Shaking hands seems t be an ancient custm whse rts have disappeared in the sands f time.
Histrians wh have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) bks nte that the mdem handshake did nt appear until the middle f the 19th century, when it was cnsidered a slightly inapprpriate gesture that culd nly be used between friends. But what if Shakespeare had written abut handshaking hundreds f years earlier?
Accrding t authr Trbjdm Lundmark in his Tales f Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Arund the Wrld. the prblem cmes in differing definitins f the handshake. The early handshakes mentined abve were part f making deals r peace; King Shalmaneser III referred t a rebellin in which he signed a treaty with the King f Babyln. In the Iliad, Dimedes and Glaucus shk hands when they realized they were guest-friends, and Dimedes declared: 66Lefs nt try t kill each ther. Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement f a cnflict.
The mdern handshake as a frm f greeting is harder t trace. As a Dutch scilgist Herman Rdenburg — the chief authrity fr the histry f handshaking ——wrte in a chapter f an anthlgy called A Cultural Histry f Gesture, “Mre than in any ther field, that f the study f gesture is ne in which the histrian has t make the mst f nly a few clues”.
One f the earliest clues he cites is a 16th-century German translatin f the French writer Rabelais’s Gargantua and Pantagruel. When ne character meets Gargantua, Rabelais writes, ”He was greeted by cuntless hugs and cuntless gd days.” But accrding t Rdenburg, the 16th-century German translatin added references t shaking hands.
A ppular saying suggests that Cleland’s statements against bwing were actually a wish t g back t a ptentially traditinal methd f greeting in Eurpe. As the centuries prgressed, handshaking was replaced by mre hierarchical (等级的)ways f greeting - like bwing. Accrding t Rdenburg, handshaking survived in a few remte places, like in Dutch twns where sme wuld use the gesture t make peace after disagreements. Arund the same time, thse wh valued equality als made use f handshaking. Then, as the Cntinent’s hierarchy was weakened, handshaking became a cmmn practice amng peple f the same rank, as it is tday.
12．Why des the authr mentin Shakespeare in the first tw paragraphs?
A．T prve that the histry f handshaking is hard t find.
B．T illustrate that handshaking is a very ld custm.
C．T shw readers that handshaking is cmmn in fictin.
D．T explain the value f handshaking in cmmunicatin.
13．What can we learn abut handshaking frm the passage?
A．The rigin f handshaking as a frm f greeting is easy t trace.
B．Citizens usually shake hands t shw friendliness in Hlland.
C．It was used nly between friends and t reach an agreement.
D．It is a cmmn practice between peple f different scial psitins.
14．Which f the fllwing is similar in meaning t “anthlgy” in Para. 4?
A．the science f mental ability
B．a cllectin f selected literary passages
C．a daily written recrd f experiences
D．all the living things f a particular regin
15．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph f the passage?
A．The handshake has disappeared in sme remte parts f the Netherlands.
B．Handshaking has different meanings in different Eurpean cuntries.
C．Handshakes are nw cmmn between peple f different psitins.
D．Mst Eurpeans prefer t shake hands wing t the weakening effect f rank.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．B 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，这篇文章主要讲述了握手这一古老的礼仪习俗的起源和演变。最后，文章指出握手在欧洲逐渐被鞠躬等更具等级意味的问候方式取代，但在一些地方仍然保留下来，并逐渐成为同等地位人们之间的常见问候方式。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Centuries later, Shakespeare nce wrte f tw characters wh shk hands and swre t be brthers in the bk As Yu Like It. Shaking hands seems t be an ancient custm whse rts have disappeared in the sands f time.(几个世纪后，莎士比亚曾在《皆大欢喜》中描写两个人物握手并发誓要成为兄弟。握手似乎是一种古老的习俗，其根源已消失在时间的长河中。)”以及第二段中“But what if Shakespeare had written abut handshaking hundreds f years earlier?(但是，如果莎士比亚早在几百年前就写过握手呢？)”可知，第一段和第二段中通过莎士比亚对于握手这个习俗早已存在，其存在根源消失在历史的长河中，但是通过莎士比亚笔下可以说明握手是这个习俗是非常古老的，在其存在的几百年前，就已经记录过。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Histrians wh have studied ancient etiquette (礼仪) bks nte that the mdem handshake did nt appear until the middle f the 19th century, when it was cnsidered a slightly inapprpriate gesture that culd nly be used between friends.(研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家指出，现代握手直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种稍微不合适的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。)”可知，对于握手这个习俗直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是一种稍微不合适的手势，只能在朋友之间使用。同时根据第四段中“The early handshakes mentined abve were part f making deals r peace(上面提到的早期握手是达成协议或和平的一部分)”以及“Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement f a cnflict.(莎士比亚也同样提到了冲突的解决。)”可知，握手曾经只在朋友之间使用，并且用来达成协议。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“A Cultural Histry f Gesture(手势的文化史)”以及“Mre than in any ther field, that f the study f gesture is ne in which the histrian has t make the mst f nly a few clues(在手势研究领域，历史学家只需要充分利用少数线索，这一点在其他任何领域都不常见)”可知，荷兰社会学家赫尔曼·卢登堡所撰写的著作即《手势的文化史》中的一个章节指出在手势研究领域，历史学家只需要充分利用少数线索，这一点在其他任何领域都不常见的事实。故划线词表示荷兰社会学家赫尔曼·卢登堡所撰写文章的精选的文学段落，其与B为同义词。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Arund the same time, thse wh valued equality als made use f handshaking. Then, as the Cntinent’s hierarchy was weakened, handshaking became a cmmn practice amng peple f the same rank, as it is tday.(大约在同一时期，那些重视平等的人也会使用握手。然后，随着欧洲大陆的等级制度被削弱，握手成为同一等级的人之间的一种普遍做法，就像今天一样。)”可知，大多数欧洲人更喜欢握手，因为等级的影响越来越弱。故选D。
阅读理解【浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三上学期开学适应性考试】
Club Sprts prvide bth a cmpetitive and scial sprting experience t any Purdue student. There are clubs fr all skill levels, frm beginner t seasned expert. Explre RecWell clubs belw.
The Purdue Sftball Club
The Purdue Sftball Club is a student-run rganizatin recgnized by the Natinal Club Sftball Assciatin. As a club team, we prvide Purdue students with the pprtunity t cntinue playing sftball at a cmpetitive cllegiate level. As NCSA members, we participate in the Great American-West cnference cnsisting f the University f Ntre Dame, University f Michigan, Eastern Michigan, and Lyla-Chicag.
President Cntact: Danielle Olsen
Email: daniellelsn9@gmail.cm
The Purdue Gymnastics Club
The Purdue Gymnastics Club is a grup f nrmal everyday students wh, like yurself, want t stay active while at schl. We practice during evening hurs fur times a week during the fall and spring semesters. We wn and perate equipment fr 4 wmen’s and 6 men’s events.
President: Maya McDnald
Email: medn127@purdue.edu
The Purdue Triathln Club
The Purdue Triathln Club’s missin is t get tgether athletes wh desire t train multi-sprt in a scial envirnment and prmte interest and participatin in triathlns (铁人三项), duathlns (铁人两项), running, swimming and cycling events n the Purdue University campus that prvide pprtunities fr members t participate in triathlns and related athletic activities. We encurage and supprt members while training tgether. We travel t races in the spring and summer tgether and hst tw races during the schl year. We end ur year at the Cllegiate Natinals in April.
President: Patrick Cavanaugh
Email: pcavana@purdue.edu
The Purdue Men’s Club Vlleyball
The Purdue Men’s Club Vlleyball allws Purdue undergraduate and graduate students t play vlleyball at a cmpetitive, intercllegiate level. Tryuts are held at the beginning f each semester and teams are divided based n skill level. Players cme frm all ver the cuntry, nt just limited t the Midwest. The first and secnd teams travel t turnaments acrss the Midwest and t the NCVF Natinal turnament each spring. The club is an NCVF and MIVA recgnized prgram and cnsistently finishes in the tp cmpetitive divisins f the regin and natin.
President Cntact: Jsiah Rckey
Email: rckey1@purdue.edu
1．Where can yu see these infrmatin?
A．Students Textbks.B．Campus Netwrk.
C．News Website.D．Schl Magazines.
2．What makes the The Purdue Gymnastics Club special?
A．It is a student-run rganizatin.
B．It is pen every ther day thrughut the semester.
C．It perates equipment fr 10 events.
D．It allws athlete t train in multiple sprts.
3．Which club is highly cmpetitive n a natinal level?
A．The Purdue Triathln Club.
B．The Purdue Gymnastic Club.
C．The Purdue University Sftball club.
D．The Purdue Men’s Club Vlleyball.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了普渡大学的四个学生运动俱乐部。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Club Sprts prvide bth a cmpetitive and scial sprting experience t any Purdue student. There are clubs fr all skill levels, frm beginner t seasned expert. Explre RecWell clubs belw.(俱乐部运动为任何普渡大学的学生提供竞技和社会运动的经验。这里有适合所有技能水平的俱乐部，从初学者到经验丰富的专家。探索下面的RecWell俱乐部。)”可知，该文章介绍的是普渡大学的俱乐部，同时根据每个部分的邮件地址可知，该文章来自于校园网。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章“The Purdue Gymnastics Club”部分中的“We wn and perate equipment fr 4 wmen’s and 6 men’s events.(我们拥有并运营4个女子项目和6个男子项目的设备。)”可知，该俱乐部管理十项赛事设备。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章“The Purdue Men’s Club Vlleyball”部分中的“The club is an NCVF and MIVA recgnized prgram and cnsistently finishes in the tp cmpetitive divisins f the regin and natin.(该俱乐部是NCVF和MIVA认可的项目，并一直在该地区和国家的顶级竞技赛区中完成。)”可知，该俱乐部在全国范围内有很强的竞争力。故选D项。
“Can we eat this ne, Dad?” my fur-year-ld daughter, Alicia, asks. We’re n ne f ur Thursday adventures, searching the nearby wds fr eatable mushrms. She’s pinting at a bright-red cap cvered with white dts. I pull ut my handy mushrm-identificatin app, which ntes that Amanita muscaria, while eatable if prepared prperly, is als a knwn hallucingen (致幻剂). I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as pssible” philsphy and explain what the app says, and that I dn’t think ur Thursday adventures are ready t get quite that adventurus yet.
Watching yur kids learn new skills is extrardinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced mre persnal grwth than I have at any ther pint in my life.
Last year, after a winter f practicing skiing n the green tracks fr beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way dwn blues and even attempted her first black. That mnth als witnessed me visiting the muntain mre times than in the 15 years cmbined and I’ve gt myself a partner fr life.
It’s nt all easy—but smetimes that’s the pint. Alicia practices the vilin every day, and althugh she enjys it, even 15 minutes f practice can upset her. The trick, I’ve fund, is t let her watch me try t get better at smething, t. I start taking pian lessns at 41 years ld with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then imprve, she’ll understand that things dn’t cme easy, even fr grwn-ups. I knw there’s ging t be a time when I’ll end up n the sideline cheering her n as she finds her wn passins. I’m kay with this, and I’m hping that by then she’ll carry the jy f practice and knwledge thrugh life.
4．What des the father imply by saying “I’ve gt myself a partner fr life.”?
A．It is rewarding t learn new skills.B．Skiing has becme his lifelng hbby.
C．He will explre mre with his daughter.D．His daughter will accmpany him frever.
5．Why des the father start learning t play the pian?
A．T prve it is never t ld t learn.B．T set a gd example fr his daughter.
C．T experience the jy f pian practice.D．T share with his daughter musical knwledge.
6．Which f the fllwing can best describe the father?
A．Rigid and humrus.B．Cautius and inspiring.
C．Creative and thughtful.D．Ambitius and patient.
7．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Thrill f the SkillB．Practice Makes Perfect
C．Like Father, Like DaughterD．The Pwer f Knwledge
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章通过作者女儿不断的尝试各种技能的同时，父亲也做出了表率，希望女儿能够明白事情来之不易，即使对成年人来说也是如此。父亲希望技能可以给孩子带来乐趣。
4．句意猜测题。根据第二段“Watching yur kids learn new skills is extrardinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced mre persnal grwth than I have at any ther pint in my life.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Last year, after a winter f practicing skiing n the green tracks fr beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way dwn blues and even attempted her first black. That mnth als witnessed me visiting the muntain mre times than in the 15 years cmbined ”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I start taking pian lessns at 41 years ld with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then imprve, she’ll understand that things dn’t cme easy, even fr grwn-ups. ”（我从41岁开始上钢琴课，心想如果她看到我在练习和进步的过程中苦苦挣扎，她就会明白事情来之不易，即使对成年人来说也是如此。）可知，父亲开始学弹钢琴为了给女儿树立一个好榜样。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段“‘Can we eat this ne, Dad?’ my fur-year-ld daughter, Alicia, asks. We’re n ne f ur Thursday adventures, searching the nearby wds fr eatable mushrms. She’s pinting at a bright-red cap cvered with white dts. I pull ut my handy mushrm-identificatin app, which ntes that Amanita muscaria, while eatable if prepared prperly, is als a knwn hallucingen (致幻剂). I have a firm “tell them the truth and be as precise as pssible” philsphy and explain what the app says, and that I dn’t think ur Thursday adventures are ready t get quite that adventurus yet.”（“我们可以吃这个吗，爸爸?”我四岁的女儿艾丽西娅(Alicia)问道。我们正在进行周四的一次冒险，在附近的树林里寻找可食用的蘑菇。她指着一顶布满白点的鲜红色帽子。我拿出手边的蘑菇识别软件，上面显示，如果准备得当，毒蝇伞虽然可以食用，但也是一种已知的致幻剂。我有一个坚定的“告诉他们真相，并尽可能精确”的理念，并解释了应用程序的内容，我认为我们的周四冒险还没有准备好进行那样的冒险。）可知，作者在女儿问他一种毒蝇伞蘑菇是否可食用，作者查找识别软件，并认为不能尝试食用这种蘑菇，说明作者是一个谨慎的人。最后一段“I start taking pian lessns at 41 years ld with the idea that if she sees me struggling as I practice and then imprve, she’ll understand that things dn’t cme easy, even fr grwn-ups. ”（我从41岁开始上钢琴课，心想如果她看到我在练习和进步的过程中苦苦挣扎，她就会明白事情来之不易，即使对成年人来说也是如此。）可知，父亲开始学弹钢琴为了给女儿树立一个好榜样，说明他是一个鼓舞人心的人。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“ I knw there’s ging t be a time when I’ll end up n the sideline cheering her n as she finds her wn passins. I’m kay with this, and I’m hping that by then she’ll carry the jy f practice and knwledge thrugh life.”（我知道总有一天我会在场边为她加油，因为她找到了自己的激情所在。我对此没有意见，我希望到那时她会把实践和知识的乐趣贯穿一生。）可知，本文通过作者女儿不断的尝试各种技能的同时，父亲也做出了表率，希望女儿能够明白事情来之不易，即使对成年人来说也是如此。父亲希望技能可以给孩子带来乐趣。所以“技能带来的快感”符合最佳标题，故选A。
In recent years, China has witnessed the grwth f luxury (奢侈品) brands. In this market, Chinese cnsumers are nw the largest spenders. It’s clear that a new generatin f yung, materialistic peple is increasingly relying n luxury brands t imprve its self-image.
I am a fashinist t, at least in spirit—I lve t lk at clthes and shes. But I dn’t understand why peple spend lts f mney n designer labels.
When a yung wman buys a handbag that csts tw mnths f her salary, that’s a scary thing.
What’s interesting is that scientists have fund that having luxury things desn’t lead t happiness.
Study after study has shwn that althugh we want material things, when we get them we dn’t suddenly becme “happy” peple. In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things. That’s because experiences are mre easily cmbined with a persn’s identity. If I travel t Yunnan, that adventure affects hw I think in the future. My memries becme a part f me.
Mrever, as Van Bven has bserved, yung peple wh pursue happiness thrugh “things” are liked less by their peers. Peple prefer thse wh pursue happiness thrugh experiences.
It’s natural t want t express yurself thrugh yur appearance. S my advice is: create a lk that isn’t tied t a designer label. Cnvey yur wn message. Take sme lessns frm the late Apple c-funder Steve Jbs. He was always in Levis jeans and a black turtleneck. Mark Zuckerberg, funder f Facebk, rutinely appears in hdies and sneakers. These peple, successful peple, have style. Yu dn’t have t break the bank t send a message abut wh yu are.
Take a trip. G ut int the wrld. Then cme back and cnfidently create yur wn signature lk.
8．What can we infer frm the first three paragraphs?
A．The authr enjys buying luxury brands herself.
B．The authr agrees t spend mney n material things.
C．The authr is critical f yuths tying their lks t designer labels.
D．The authr finds it natural fr fashinists t fllw fashin trends.
9．Leaf Van Bven’s studies shwed that ________.
A．traveling changes a persn’s identity greatly
B．peple dislike thse wh lve luxuries
C．experiences can bring peple mre happiness than luxuries
D．luxuries have a negative effect n peple’s happiness
10．What is the authr’s advice n expressing neself?
A．Be selective abut designer labels.
B．Create yur wn persnal unique style.
C．Chse styles that are simple and cmfrtable.
D．Try styles like Mark Zuckerberg’s.
11．The main purpse f the article is t ______.
A．persuade readers t invest in experiences instead f luxuries
B．prve hw luxury leads t an unpleasant life
C．tell hw t express yurself thrugh appearances
D．reprt n a series f studies abut luxuries and happiness
【答案】8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文，文章主要介绍了青年人越来越依赖奢侈品来提升个人形象。这是很可怕的事情。我们应该出去旅行，去世界各地看一看，多体验多经历，自信来自于眼界。
8．推理判断题。根据前三段的内容，以及When a yung wman buys a handbag that csts tw mnths f her salary, that’s a scary thing.可知，青年人越来越依赖奢侈品来提升个人形象。这是很可怕的事情，说明作者在批评这些年轻人，故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段中In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things.可知，Leaf Van Bven研究表明旅行和类似经历比奢侈品更能给人带来更多快乐。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中It’s natural t want t express yurself thrugh yur appearance. S my advice is: create a lk that isn’t tied t a designer label. These peple, successful peple, have style.可知，作者建议我们创造独特唯一的风格。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中In fact, a series f studies by Leaf Van Bven at the University f Clrad, US, has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things可知，作者的写作目的是通过Leaf Van Bven研究劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。故选A。
【点睛】4. 解题剖析：此题属于推理判断题中的（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) t entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) t persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) t infrm readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。
答案需要从文章Leaf Van Bven研究劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。进行推断。
答案定位：根据文章Leaf Van Bven研究结果可知，文章劝告公众不要依赖奢侈品而要通过经历来提升个人形象。
推理关系：题干The main purpse f the article is t.☞文章内容has shwn that individuals wh spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things
答案：spend mney n travel and similar experiences get mre pleasure than thse wh invest it in material things.☞A选项persuade readers t invest in experiences instead f luxuries
Last year, 138,000 San Francisc residents used Airbnb, a ppular app designed t cnnect hme renters and travelers. It’s a striking number fr a city with a ppulatin f abut 850,000, and it was enugh fr Airbnb t win a majr victry in lcal electins, as San Francisc vters struck dwn a debatable rule that wuld have placed time restrictins and ther regulatins n shrt-term rental services.
The cmpany fiercely ppsed the measure, Prpsitin F, with a nearly $10 millin advertising campaign. It als cntacted its San Franciscan users with messages urging them t vte against Prpsitin F.
Mst peple think f Airbnb as a kind f cuch-surfing app. The service wrks fr ne-night stays n rad trips and lnger stays in cities, and it ften has mre cmpetitive pricing than htels. It’s a textbk example f the “sharing ecnmy”, but nt everyne is a fan.
The app has had unintended cnsequences in San Francisc. As the San Francisc Chrnicle reprted last year, a significant amunt f renting n Airbnb is nt in line with the cmpany’s image: middle-class families putting up a spare rm t help make ends meet. Sme users have taken advantage f the service, using it t turn their multiple prperties int vacatin rentals r even full-time rentals. Backers f Prpsitin F argued that this trend takes spaces ff the cnventinal, better-regulated husing market and cntributes t rising csts.
“The fact is, widespread abuse f shrt-term rentals is taking much needed husing ff the market and harming ur neighbrhds,” said ShareBetter SF, a grup that supprted Prpsitin F. Htel unins have prtested the cmpany’s practices in San Francisc and ther cities, saying that it creates an illegal htel system.
San Francisc is in the middle f a lng-term, deeply rted husing crisis that has seen the cst f living explde. Actually, explde is a generus term. The average mnthly rent fr an apartment is arund $4, 000. Lcated n a narrw utcrpping f land verlking the bay, San Francisc simply desn’t have enugh space t accmmdate the massive inflw f yung, high-salaried tech emplyees flcking t Silicn Valley.
As the Ls Angeles Times reprted, sme San Francisc residents supprted the measure simply because it seemed like a way t check a big crpratin. Oppnents f Prpsitin F cuntered that the husing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule wuld have discuraged a ppular service while ding little t slve the city’s existing prblems.
12．The intentin f Prpsitin F is t ________.
A．place time limits in lcal electin.B．set limits n shrt-term rental.
C．strike dwn a cntrversial rule.D．urge users t vte against Airbnb.
13．What is the negative cnsequence f Airbnb n San Francisc?
A．It shrinks the living space f middle-class families.
B．Users are taken advantage f by the service financially.
C．It makes the huse market mre cmpetitive.
D．It indirectly leads t high huse rental price.
14．The husing crisis in San Francisc results frm ________.
A．explsin f the living cstB．its gegraphic characteristics
C．genersity f lcal enterprisesD．inflw f migrant ppulatin
15．The authr’s attitude tward Prpsitin F is ________.
A．bjectiveB．supprtive
C．negativeD．indifferent
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．D 15．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。旧金山提出了一项F提案限制房子短期租赁，这使得短期租赁软件Airbnb的很多用户反应激烈。文章介绍了Airbnb软件的影响和F提案支持者和反对者的看法。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“…as San Francisc vters struck dwn a debatable rule that wuld have placed time restrictins and ther regulatins n shrt-term rental services. (……因为旧金山选民推翻了一项有争议的规定，该规定将对短期租赁服务设置时间限制和其他规定。)”可知，F提案的目的是限制短期租赁。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Backers f Prpsitin F argued that this trend takes spaces ff the cnventinal, better-regulated husing market and cntributes t rising csts. (F提案的支持者认为，这种趋势使传统的、监管更好的住房市场失去了空间，并导致成本上升。)”可知，Airbnb对旧金山的负面影响是它间接导致了房屋租金高。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Lcated n a narrw utcrpping f land verlking the bay, San Francisc simply desn’t have enugh space t accmmdate the massive inflw f yung, high-salaried tech emplyees flcking t Silicn Valley. (旧金山坐落在一块可以俯瞰海湾的狭长裸露土地上，没有足够的空间容纳大量涌入硅谷的年轻高薪技术员工。)”可知，旧金山的住房危机是流动人口流入造成的。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The cmpany fiercely ppsed the measure, Prpsitin F, with a nearly $10 millin advertising campaign. (该公司用近1000万美元的广告活动强烈反对F提案。)”和最后一段中“Oppnents f Prpsitin F cuntered that the husing crisis runs much deeper, and that passing the rule wuld have discuraged a ppular service while ding little t slve the city’s existing prblems. (反对F提案的人反驳说，住房危机要严重得多，通过这项规定只会阻碍一项受欢迎的服务，而对解决城市现有的问题几乎没有帮助。)” 可知，作者呈现了F提案反对者的观点；第四段中“Backers f Prpsitin F argued that this trend takes spaces ff the cnventinal, better-regulated husing market and cntributes t rising csts. (F提案的支持者认为，这种趋势使传统的、监管更好的住房市场失去了空间，并导致成本上升。)”可知，作者呈现了F提案支持者的观点，因此在本文中，作者呈现了F提案反对者和支持者的相关观点，但是作者自己没有明确表示自己的立场，因此作者对F提案的态度是客观的。故选A项。
阅读理解【浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三上学期返校联考】
Belw is a screensht f bk review n a bestseller My Life n Craigslist.
Krysi Jseph
4.0 ut f 5 stars
Odd, fun and cute stry. Great read
This was a cute, lighthearted bk that explres the life f a Craigslist addict, and hw Craiglist, a large free classifieds (分类广告) website, gt her thrugh her life s far. The stry was well thught ut and pretty realistic when it cmes t life struggles. It gets a little unbelievable twards the end, and I dn’t like it when authrs cnfrm t the ‘the wrld is perfect’ viewpint mst bks have, but, that my pessimist breaking thrugh.
The bk needs sme serius editing. She’s repeated the same exact line 3-4 times a cuple f and ... (click fr mre)
Kindle Custmer
3.0 ut f 5 stars
Wuld Have Given it 4 stars, but ...
The bk went alng well. Funny and ttally in the here and nw. I wuld have given it mre if SPOILER ALERT (剧透警告): It didn’t end with her in a lve relatinship with the guy she had been spying n that fit her. Seriusly, it went ... (click fr mre)
Lvetread
4.0 ut f 5 stars
Beach r vacatin read — it’s wrth it!
I was intrigued by the descriptin, s I gave it a sht. I’m glad I did. I was never like the main character, Emily, s it’s interesting t read abut her aimless life. She lives n Craigslist - finding rmmates, finding wrk, finding scial ... (click fr mre)
Annabellall
5.0 ut f 5 stars
Lifting my spirits type unfrgettable and funny bk
I read and instantly lved this bk, because it is witty and entertaining but at the same time has philsphical and psychlgical backgrund with an hnest lk at the real life in a big city. It perfectly shws hw a single yung wman, while living there and surviving ... (click fr mre)
1．Wh likes the bk My Life n Craigslist mst?
A．Krysi Jseph.B．Annabellall.
C．Kindle Custmer.D．Lvetread.
2．Which f the fllwing d bth Kindle Custmer and Krysi Jseph agree n?
A．The bk deserves a gd rating.
B．The ending f the bk is disappinting.
C．The bk is ppular with Craigslist addicts.
D．The bk wuld have been perfect withut editing errrs.
3．What is the purpse f the text ?
A．T advertise a bestseller.
B．T recmmend a website.
C．T share a wman’s stry.
D．T present reviews f a bk.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Craigslist上畅销书《我的生活》的书评截图。
1．细节理解题。由Annabellall下“5.0 ut f 5 stars (5颗星)”可知，Annabellall对My Life评分最高，Annabellall最喜欢Craigslist上的My Life一书。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。由Krysi Jseph下“It gets a little unbelievable twards the end, and I dn’t like it when authrs cnfrm t the ‘the wrld is perfect’ viewpint mst bks have, but, that my pessimist breaking thrugh. (它在结尾时变得有点难以置信，我不喜欢作者们遵循大多数书中的“世界是完美的”观点，但我的悲观主义者突破了这一观点)”和Kindle Custmer下“I wuld have given it mre if SPOILER ALERT (剧透警告): It didn’t end with her in a lve relatinship with the guy she had been spying n that fit her. (如果剧透提醒，我会给它更多：故事并没有以她与她一直监视的那个适合她的男人的恋爱关系而结束)”可知，Kindle Custmer和Krysi Jseph都认为这本书的结局令人失望。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。由第一段“Belw is a screensht f bk review n a bestseller My Life n Craigslist. (以下是Craigslist上畅销书《我的生活》的书评截图)”可知，文章介绍了Craigslist上畅销书《我的生活》的书评截图，可得出本文目的在于展示一本书的评论。故选D项。
Gladys West, the mathematician, was brn in 1930 in Virginia and had t help harvest crps n her family’s farm. The hard wrk started befre daybreak and lasted well int the blistering heat f the afternn. T get ut f there, she was ging t get an educatin.
Her parents tried t save sme mney t send her t cllege, but unexpected bills kept hitting the fund. Then a teacher annunced that the state was ging t give a cllege schlarship t the tw tp students frm her year. Finally, West gt the schlarship, allwing her t attend Virginia State Cllege, a histrically black university.
West decided t majr in mathematics because it was a well-respected subject. It was largely studied by men, but she didn’t take much ntice f them as she knew deep in her heart that nthing was getting in her way. After graduating, she became a teacher. A few years later, she returned t the university and earned a master’s degree in mathematics. Then she was ffered a jb at a naval base in Dahlgren, Virginia. This made her nly the secnd black wman t be hired t wrk as a prgrammer at the base.
Despite her intellectual abilities and career success, West felt she was inferir. It was this feeling, deeply rted and felt, by many African Americans that drve her t wrk as hard as she culd. West determined t cmmit herself t her wrk, hping that by ding it t the best f her ability, she culd get recgnitin fr her wrk.
West did just that. In 1979, she became prject manager fr the Seasat prject, the first satellite that culd mnitr the ceans. She prgrammed an IBM 7030 Stretch cmputer, prviding faster calculatins fr an accurate Earthmdel. This detailed mathematical mdel f the shape f the Earth was a building blck fr what wuld becme the GPS rbit. In 1998, aged 68, she intended t fcus n her PhD after retirement. She eventually finished her graduatin thesis and gained her PhD in public administratin and plicy affairs in 2000 at the age f 70.
4．What helps Gladys West t g t the university?
A．Her teacher’s aiding her.
B．Her parents’ paying fr the expenses.
C．Her family backgrund.
D．The schlarship frm the gvernment.
5．What can we infer frm the text?
A．West gt all her degrees after retirement.
B．Men dminated maths field in West’s days.
C．Black wmen scientists ' talent was fully appreciated.
D．When she began t wrk, West felt she was superir t thers.
6．What des the underlined phrase “a building blck” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．A basic part.B．A detailed map.
C．A building material.D．A majr bstacle.
7．What kind f persn is Gladys West?
A．Helpful and serius.
B．Hnest and hardwrking.
C．Ambitius and cmmitted.
D．Cnsiderate and devted.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了出生农民家庭的West通过自己的不懈努力考进大学研究数学专业，最后成为一名优秀的女科学家并作出巨大贡献的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Finally, West gt the schlarship, allwing her t attend Virginia State Cllege, a histrically black university.(最后，West获得了奖学金，使她得以进入弗吉尼亚州立大学，这是一所历史上的黑人大学。)”可知，是奖学金使得West能够进入大学。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It was largely studied by men, but she didn’t take much ntice f them as she knew deep in her heart that nthing was getting in her way.(这主要是由男性研究的，但她并没有太在意他们，因为她内心深处知道，没有什么能阻挡她。)”可知，在West那个时代里，男人主宰着数学领域。故选B项。
6．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“She prgrammed an IBM 7030 Stretch cmputer, prviding faster calculatins fr an accurate Earthmdel. (她编写了一台IBM 7030 Stretch计算机，为精确的地球模型提供了更快的计算。)”说明这个数学模型是GPS的基础，从而推知划线词句“(这个关于地球形状的详细数学模型是GPS轨道的a building blck。)”其中划线短语应为“基石”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段中“West decided t majr in mathematics because it was a well-respected subject. It was largely studied by men, but she didn’t take much ntice f them as she knew deep in her heart that nthing was getting in her way. After graduating, she became a teacher. A few years later, she returned t the university and earned a master’s degree in mathematics. (West决定主修数学，因为这是一门受人尊敬的学科。这主要是由男性研究的，但她并没有太注意他们，因为她内心深处知道，没有什么能阻挡她。毕业后，她成为了一名教师。几年后，她回到大学，获得了数学硕士学位。)”以及第二段中“In 1998, aged 68, she intended t fcus n her PhD after retirement. She eventually finished her graduatin thesis and gained her PhD in public administratin and plicy affairs in 2000 at the age f 70. (1998年，68岁的她打算在退休后专心攻读博士学位。她最终完成了毕业论文，并于2000年以70岁高龄获得了公共行政政策博士学位。)”可知，West是一位有雄心抱负的人。根据第四段中“West determined t cmmit herself t her wrk, hping that by ding it t the best f her ability, she culd get recgnitin fr her wrk. (West决定全身心地投入到自己的工作中，希望通过尽自己最大的努力，让自己的工作得到认可。)”可知，她是一位尽心尽力的人。故选C项。
【浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三上学期返校联考】
Artificial intelligence (AI ) has been increasingly gd at fling peple. A series f phts shwing frmer US president Dnald Trump being aggressively arrested by plice have caught peple’s attentin. They were fake but very cnvincing.
Created by the AI prgram Midjurney, the phts were highly realistic, frm the characters’ mvements t the surrundings. Hwever, many details can give away the fact that they are made by AI. The Washingtn Pst’s technlgy writer Shira Ovide shared her tips. The main idea is t spt the prblems anything that wuld lk strange in a pht.
AI sftware has a histry f generating human hands incrrectly. It smetimes can create hands with mre than five fingers. This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is, accrding t Ppular Science. The data AI uses t learn ften shw hands and fingers in varius gestures, which can be very cnfusing fr AI.
AI-generated images als usually cntain details that are against reality. T spt this, fcus n items like accessries. Fr example, peple in an image may be missing earrings r ne part f their sunglasses. If there’s text in an image, such as a newspaper r pster, it’s usually garbled (篡改), even thugh the text may lk realistic frm a distance.
Anther thing AI is terrible at handling is the backgrund. If there’s a crwd in the image, peple’s faces in the backgrund are usually blurry - r they dn’t have faces at all!
The develpment f AI-generated art als raises alarm bells abut hw these fake images culd be used t spread misinfrmatin. “I think misinfrmatin is ging t hit an all-time high,” Jamie Chen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, tld New Yrk Pst. Generating an AI artwrk is t “create reality”, Chen argued, adding that, being able t tell whether the wrk is real r nt requires high media literacy(素养) skills. “The wrld may nt be ready fr hw realistic the images have becme,” Shane Kittelsn, a US researcher, tld The Washingtn Pst.
8．Why are Dnald Trump’s phts mentined in the first paragraph?
A．T draw mre peple’s attentin.
B．T make peple cnvinced f the news.
C．T shw the AI-generated images were fake.
D．T prve that it’s easy fr AI t cheat peple.
9．Why des AI generate human hands incrrectly accrding t the text?
A．It is unable t recgnize human hands.
B．The data it uses t learn cntain errrs.
C．It desn’t fully understand human hands.
D．It has insufficient data abut human hands.
10．Which f the fllwing will Jamie Chen agree with?
A．AI artwrks may nt be reflective f true creativity.
B．It’s high time t address the risks psed by AI wrks.
C．AI artwrks will replace traditinal art frms in the future.
D．Detecting real art demands strng media literacy cmpetence.
11．Where is the text prbably frm?
A．A news reprt.B．A diary.
C．A research paper.D．A science fictin.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．D 11．A
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了人工智能(AI)的负面影响，会生成与现实不符的虚假图像，传播错误信息。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Artificial intelligence (AI ) has been increasingly gd at fling peple. A series f phts shwing frmer US president Dnald Trump being aggressively arrested by plice have caught peple’s attentin. They were fake but very cnvincing. (人工智能(AI)越来越擅长愚弄人们。近日，美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普被警方强行逮捕的一系列照片引起了人们的关注。它们是假的，但很有说服力。)”可知，第一段提到特朗普的照片，是为了证明人工智能很容易欺骗人们。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This is because AI isn’t sure what a “hand” exactly is, accrding t Ppular Science. The data AI uses t learn ften shw hands and fingers in varius gestures, which can be very cnfusing fr AI.(据《大众科学》报道，这是因为人工智能不确定“手”到底是什么。人工智能用来学习的数据经常会以各种手势显示手和手指，这可能会让人工智能感到非常困惑。)”可知，人工智能不能完全理解人类的手。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘I think misinfrmatin is ging t hit an all-time high, ’ Jamie Chen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, tld New Yrk Pst. Generating an AI artwrk is t ‘create reality’, Chen argued, adding that, being able t tell whether the wrk is real r nt requires high media literacy(素养) skills. (美国数字文化和人工智能专家Jamie Chen在接受《纽约邮报》采访时表示：‘我认为错误信息将达到历史新高，’Chen认为，生成人工智能艺术品就是‘创造现实’，并补充说，能够判断作品是否真实需要很高的媒体素养技能。)”可知，Chen认为发现真正的艺术需要很强的媒介素养。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Washingtn Pst’s technlgy writer Shira Ovide shared her tips.(《华盛顿邮报》的科技作家希拉·奥维德分享了她的建议。)”以及第三段中“This is because AI isn’t sure what a ‘hand’ exactly is, accrding t Ppular Science.(据《大众科学》报道，这是因为人工智能不确定‘手’到底是什么。)”还有最后一段中“I think misinfrmatin is ging t hit an all-time high, Jamie Chen, a digital culture and AI expert in the US, tld New Yrk Pst. (美国数字文化和人工智能专家Jamie Chen在接受《纽约邮报》采访时表示：‘我认为错误信息将达到历史新高。’)”可知，文章引用大量采访，结合例子阐释来人工智能(AI)的负面影响，符合新闻报道的特点。故选A项。
The success f many Nrth American crps partly depends n grund beetles, small insects that eat pests and weed seeds that culd therwise damage crps. But a new study by researchers in the US and Canada suggests nt all f the nearly 2,000 species f grund beetles fund in Nrth America will survive climate change. Sme culd decline. And that culd have a far-reaching impact n agriculture, frestry, and cnservatin.
By analyzing data n 136 different grund beetle species acrss cntinental Nrth America, Puert Ric and Hawaii, the researchers fund that a species’ chance f success in a changing climate depends n several imprtant factrs, such as its habitat preference, bdy size, and whether it flies, climbs r runs.
“We fund that less mbile, nnflying grund beetles, which are critical pest cntrl agents, are mre likely t decline ver time in a warmer, dryer climate,” said Tng Qiu, wh led the study. “That means yu’re ging t have mre pests that can impact agricultural and frest ecsystems.” But there is reasn fr hpe, Qiu added, because the analysis als shwed that habitat cnservatin can lessen these effects and reverse the trends in sme areas.
“We hpe cnservatin bilgists will use this infrmatin and the nline map that we created t better manage habitats fr insects in general. Grund beetles are very beneficial t ecsystems, but they’re largely invisible t the average persn. In this paper we’re shwing the brad impacts they have n whle cmmunities in frested and agricultural ecsystems,” said Qiu.
The researchers used grund beetle cunt data frm the Natinal Science Fundatin’s Natinal Eclgical Observatry Netwrk ( NEON ) and frm 11 previusly published studies t measure and map the beetles’ distributin acrss Nrth America. Habitat infrmatin, such as the lcatin f gaps in frest canpies and the density f plants n a frest flr, was btained by using NEON’s imaging instruments t create detailed three-dimensinal images f landscapes. They then entered the data cllected int a cmputer mdel t simulate (模拟) climate changes t study hw the insects wuld respnd.
12．What des the new study in Nrth America shw?
A．Pests culd destry crps.
B．Sme grund beetles will nt survive a climate change.
C．The survival f grund beetles nly depends n its habitat.
D．Sme grund beetles will destry crps in a warmer climate.
13．What des Tng Qiu intend t cnvey in paragraphs 3 and 4?
A．There is n way t stp the decline f grund beetles.
B．Critical pests are mre adaptable in a warmer, drier climate.
C．Grund beetles will becme less mbile in a warmer climate.
D．The imprtance f grund beetles shuld be widely recgnized.
14．Hw did the research team carry ut the study?
A．By analyzing data.
B．By studying dcuments.
C．By ding field research.
D．By perfrming experiments.
15．What can be the best title fr the text ?
A．Nrth American Agriculture Crps at Risk
B．A Catastrphic Climate Change n the Way
C．Crp - saving Beetles under Climate Threat
D．New Breakthrugh in Bidiversity Research
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国和加拿大研究人员的一项新研究表明，在北美发现的保护农作物的近2000种地面甲虫并不是都能在气候变化中生存下来。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But a new study by researchers in the US and Canada suggests nt all f the nearly 2,000 species f grund beetles fund in Nrth America will survive climate change. Sme culd decline. (但美国和加拿大研究人员的一项新研究表明，在北美发现的近2000种地面甲虫并不是都能在气候变化中生存下来。一些可能会减少。)”可知，北美的这项新研究表明，一些地面甲虫将无法在气候变化中生存。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘We fund that less mbile, nnflying grund beetles, which are critical pest cntrl agents, are mre likely t decline ver time in a warmer, dryer climate,’ said Tng Qiu, wh led the study. ‘That means yu’re ging t have mre pests that can impact agricultural and frest ecsystems. ’ But there is reasn fr hpe, Qiu added, because the analysis als shwed that habitat cnservatin can lessen these effects and reverse the trends in sme areas.(该研究的负责人佟邱说:‘我们发现，在温暖干燥的气候中，流动性较差、不能飞行的地面甲虫更有可能随着时间的推移而减少，而地面甲虫是重要的害虫控制剂。’‘这意味着会有更多的害虫影响农业和森林生态系统。’但我们有理由抱有希望，邱补充说，因为分析还表明，栖息地保护可以减轻这些影响，并在一些地区扭转趋势。)”以及第四段“‘We hpe cnservatin bilgists will use this infrmatin and the nline map that we created t better manage habitats fr insects in general. Grund beetles are very beneficial t ecsystems, but they’re largely invisible t the average persn. In this paper we’re shwing the brad impacts they have n whle cmmunities in frested and agricultural ecsystems, ’ said Qiu.( 邱说：‘我们希望保护生物学家能够利用这些信息和我们创建的在线地图来更好地管理昆虫的栖息地。地面甲虫对生态系统非常有益，但普通人基本上看不见它们。在这篇论文中，我们展示了它们对整个森林和农业生态系统社区的广泛影响。’)”可知，在第3段和第4段想表达，地面甲虫的重要性应该得到广泛的认识。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers used grund beetle cunt data frm the Natinal Science Fundatin’s Natinal Eclgical Observatry Netwrk ( NEON ) and frm 11 previusly published studies t measure and map the beetles’ distributin acrss Nrth America. Habitat infrmatin, such as the lcatin f gaps in frest canpies and the density f plants n a frest flr, was btained by using NEON’s imaging instruments t create detailed three-dimensinal images f landscapes. They then entered the data cllected int a cmputer mdel t simulate (模拟) climate changes t study hw the insects wuld respnd. (研究人员使用了来自美国国家科学基金会国家生态观测网络(NEON)和11项先前发表的研究的地面甲虫数量数据，来测量和绘制甲虫在北美的分布。通过使用NEON的成像仪器创建详细的三维景观图像，可以获得诸如森林冠层间隙位置和森林地面植物密度等栖息地信息。然后，他们将收集到的数据输入计算机模型来模拟气候变化，以研究昆虫会如何反应。)”可知，研究小组通过分析数据来开展这项研究。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The success f many Nrth American crps partly depends n grund beetles, small insects that eat pests and weed seeds that culd therwise damage crps. But a new study by researchers in the US and Canada suggests nt all f the nearly 2,000 species f grund beetles fund in Nrth America will survive climate change. Sme culd decline. (许多北美作物的成功部分取决于地面甲虫，一种吃害虫和杂草种子的小昆虫，否则会破坏作物。但美国和加拿大研究人员的一项新研究表明，在北美发现的近2000种地面甲虫并不是都能在气候变化中生存下来。一些可能会减少。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新研究表明，在北美发现的保护农作物的近2000种地面甲虫并不是都能在气候变化中生存下来，为了保护它们，研究人员通过分析数据开展进一步研究。C项“气候威胁下拯救作物甲虫”符合题意，为文章最佳标题。故选C项。
阅读理解【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次联考】
The ebike has becme an essential item, and even the King has been sptted riding ne. Accrding t the market research cmpany Mintel, sales have almst tripled ver the past five years. While ebikes have becme increasingly cmmnplace, they are still undeniably expensive. Yu can pick up a perfectly adequate push bike fr £300, but mst ebikes cst nearly £2, 000. Nw, Cycling Electric, designed t help cnsumers chse an ebike, ffers the fllwing recmmendatins.
Best flding bike
Carb Mdel X
Price: £2, 799 | Weight: 13. 3kg
Range: up t 34 miles
This is ne f the mst cnvenient bikes, frm a little-knwn label. The lightweight Carb X is the perfect example f cnvenience thanks t its carbn frame and belt drive, instead f a metal bike chain. This makes it lighter and less likely t get messy than an electric Brmptn, with its mre traditinal, ily chain.
Mst stylish
Temple Cycles Classic
Price: frm £2, 995 | Weight: 19kg
Range: up t 74 miles
This Bristl-based brand is knwn fr its elegant pushbikes, which are hand-built in the city. This is its electric versin. It’s a very sleek and functinal cmmuter ptin and nt t heavy. Temples have fewer prprietary (品牌专卖的) parts and s are serviceable in any bike shp. Stylish as they may be, the VanMfs and the Cwbys can be a bit mre cmplex t get back-up and service.
The mney-n-bject ptin
Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX
Price: £5, 380 | Weight: 28. 4kg
Range: up t 93 miles
This is a prime example f the attentin t detail delivering a high-quality experience in functinality, cmfrt and practicality— if yu can affrd it. It has the capacity t handle 25kg f luggage in a pannier, pwerful rad lights and a beautifully smth mtr.
21．What is the advantage f the Temples ver ther stylish ebike brands?
A．They are mre lightweight.B．They have mre functins.
C．They have easier access t service.D．They are mre cmfrtable.
22．Which ebike will a cnsumer prbably chse, wh cares mst abut an excellent experience?
A．Carb Mdel X.B．The VanMfs and the Cwbys.
C．Temple Cycles Classic.D．Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX.
23．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．An nline pst.B．A magazine clumn.
C．A market research reprt.D．An fficial dcument.
【答案】21．C 22．D 23．B
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是Cycling Electric推荐的三款电动自行车。
21．细节理解题。根据第二款自行车介绍部分的“Temples have fewer prprietary (品牌专卖的) parts and s are serviceable in any bike shp. Stylish as they may be, the VanMfs and the Cwbys can be a bit mre cmplex t get back-up and service.(Temples的专用部件较少，因此在任何自行车商店都可以维修。尽管VanMfs和Cwbys可能很时髦，但要获得支持和服务可能会有点复杂。)”可知，Temples比其他时尚的电动自行车品牌的优势是它们更容易获得服务。故选C。
22．推理判断题。根据最后一款车的介绍部分的“This is a prime example f the attentin t detail delivering a high-quality experience in functinality, cmfrt and practicality— if yu can affrd it.(如果你能负担得起的话，这是一个注重细节，在功能、舒适和实用性方面提供高质量体验的典型例子。)”可知，最关心良好的体验的消费者会选择Riese & Müller Nev4 GT Vari GX，故选D。
23．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Nw, Cycling Electric, designed t help cnsumers chse an ebike, ffers the fllwing recmmendatins.(现在，旨在帮助消费者选择电动自行车的Cycling Electric提供了以下建议。)”可知，主要介绍的是Cycling Electric推荐的三款电动自行车，因此很可能是来自于一个杂志专栏。故选B。
Having spent mre than a decade n the dance flr, ROME — Niccl Filippi, a 23-year-ld Italian dance perfrmer, recently decided t explre Chinese culture and its traditinal dance frms and believes that this experience will nt nly bst his career, but als braden his hrizns beynd the wrld f dance.
His interest in diversifying his skills grew after he stumbled upn a shrt vide f traditinal Chinese-styled dance n YuTube. “I saw it as an art that cmbines traditin and mdernity, which was mstly the reasn why I liked it,” says Filippi.
Ever since, he has been clsely fllwing Chinese dance perfrmers and watching numerus vides t learn mre abut the traditinal style that he admires. “I prefer the traditinal style because f its light mvements. It als reflects my persnality with elegance,” he adds.
Filippi’s chance came when he was invited t perfrm fr a Chinese New Year celebratin in the central Italian city f Flrence. He has since fully cmmitted himself t the art frm, learning several pieces and putting his newfund passin int practice.
“The biggest difference that I fund (cmpared t ther disciplines) is the change f md and emtinal expressins amng dances,” says Filippi, adding that he needed t shift frm the dynamic mves f hip-hp t the graceful and fluid mvements f Chinese dance. Despite varius bstacles, Filippi’s effrts have nt gne unnticed. Tw f his friends shared vides f his perfrmances n scial media, and the respnse was verwhelming. One vide garnered 500,000 views, while the ther received 200,000 views.
Filippi believes that learning abut different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means f persnal grwth. “I like t think f a persn as a bk,” he says. “Embracing different traditins and cultures, such as Chinese culture and many thers, is like adding new chapters t my bk, making it mre diverse and wnderful.”
24．What is the main reasn why Filippi falls in lve with traditinal Chinese dance?
A．Its ptential t bst his career.B．Its mix f traditinal and mdern elements.
C．Its graceful and light mvements.D．Its true reflectin f his elegant persnality.
25．Hw des the authr illustrate the ppularity f Filippi’s vides?
A．By listing numbers.B．By giving an example.
C．By sharing a stry.D．By making a cmparisn.
26．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Filippi thinks little f learning frm ther cultures.
B．Peple prefer t write dwn their past experiences.
C．Accepting varius cultures bsts persnal grwth.
D．A bk with chapters n traditins is mre wnderful.
27．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Chinese-styled dance vides g viral n scial media.
B．An Italian’s dance jurney twards specializatin starts.
C．Filippi’s desire fr Chinese culture extends beynd dance.
D．An Italian dancer shws passin fr Chinese-styled dance.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．C 27．D
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是意大利舞蹈演员Niccl Filippi最近决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段的““I saw it as an art that cmbines traditin and mdernity, which was mstly the reasn why I liked it,” says Filippi.(Filippi说：“我认为这是一种结合了传统与现代的艺术，这也是我喜欢它的主要原因。”)”可知，Filippi爱上中国传统舞蹈的主要原因是它融合了传统和现代元素。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Tw f his friends shared vides f his perfrmances n scial media, and the respnse was verwhelming. One vide garnered 500, 000 views, while the ther received 200, 000 views.(他的两个朋友在社交媒体上分享了他的表演视频，反响非常热烈。其中一个视频获得了50万次观看，而另一个则获得了20万次观看)”可推知，作者通过列出数字说明Filippi的视频的受欢迎程度，故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Filippi believes that learning abut different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means f persnal grwth.(Filippi认为学习不同的文化是无价的，他认为这是个人成长的一种方式)”可推知，从最后一段可以推断出接受不同的文化能促进个人成长。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Having spent mre than a decade n the dance flr, ROME— Niccl Filippi, a 23-year-ld Italian dance perfrmer, recently decided t explre Chinese culture and its traditinal dance frms and believes that this experience will nt nly bst his career, but als braden his hrizns beynd the wrld f dance.(23岁的意大利舞蹈演员Niccl Filippi在舞池ROME里呆了十多年，最近他决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野)”可知，本文主要讲的是意大利舞蹈演员Niccl Filippi最近决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野。由此可知，D选项“An Italian dancer shws passin fr Chinese-styled dance.(一位意大利舞者对中国风格的舞蹈表现出热情)”能够概括本文主旨。故选D。
Cnsider the pssibility that all human technlgy started with a mistake — r at least a lack f hand-eye crdinatin. In a new study published n Friday in Science Advances, Lydia Luncz and Tms Prffitt, bth at the Max Planck Institute fr Evlutinary Anthrplgy in Leipzig, Germany, argue that mistakenly created flakes (薄片) may have been ur ancient ancestrs’ r ther nw-extinct early human relatives “first step tward creating the sharp-edged tls that they used t butcher animals and cut edible plants.
T d their research, Luncz and Prffitt traveled t an abandned il palm plantatin near Thailand’s Phang Nga Bay and cllected mre than 1, 100 pieces f nut-cracking stnes used by a trp f lng-tailed macaques (猕猴). Macaques crack pen il palm nuts by placing them n a flat stne and striking their shell with anther stne. These mnkeys ften miss the nut and accidentally break the stnes, prducing sharp flakes. Luncz and Prffitt analyzed these stnes, which revealed a surprising fact: The flakes that the macaques unintentinally prduced lked a lt like the ldest stne tls that were intentinally made by hminins (古人类).
Macaques dn’t use the sharp flakes they create fr anything, Luncz adds, nting that the mnkeys have sharp teeth and dn’t need cutting tls. The similar ancient stne tls cllected frm sme f the earliest knwn sites, hwever, shw evidence f being used fr cutting tasks. Fr example, in Oldwan, a site dating between 3.3 millin and 1.5 millin years ag, researchers analyzed use-wear patterns n the tls and fund that sme f the flakes shwed damage alng their edges, indicating that they had been used fr cutting. Cut marks n sme fssils revealed that hminins had used stne tls fr butchering the animals, making it clear that the sharp stne tls were anything but unintentinal by-prducts f ther punding activities.
Despite the findings, t reveal the mechanism fr the emergence f flake technlgy, researchers still need t learn hw hminins made the leap frm accidentally prducing sharp flakes t picking them up and using them. Luncz and Prffitt hpe t find the missing link in further studies.
28．What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
A．The tw researchers went t Thailand and cllected 1, 100 flakes.
B．Lng-tailed macaques used the flakes t crack pen il palm nuts.
C．Macaques deliberately prduced flakes fr cutting by breaking stnes.
D．The flakes prduced by macaques were similar t hminins’ stne tls.
29．Why des the authr mentin the Oldwan site in paragraph 3?
A．T prvide specific prf.B．T clarify a cmplex cncept.
C．T present an interesting fact.D．T make a detailed cmparisn.
30．What will Luncz and Prffitt prbably fcus n in their future study?
A．Why macaques create flakes.B．Why hminins used stne tls.
C．Hw macaques cut fd with flakes.D．Hw hminins began using flakes.
31．What is the best title f the passage?
A．A mistake: the rigin f human technlgy.
B．Flake technlgy: frm macaques t hminins.
C．Punding activities: n human evlutinary curse.
D．A missing link: lng-tailed macaques create flakes.
【答案】28．D 29．A 30．D 31．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一项动物研究，介绍了我们早期人类因为意外情况使用工具的情况。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Luncz and Prffitt analyzed these stnes, which revealed a surprising fact: The flakes that the macaques unintentinally prduced lked a lt like the ldest stne tls that were intentinally made by hminins (古人类).(Luncz和Prffitt分析了这些石头，发现了一个令人惊讶的事实：猕猴无意中产生的薄片看起来很像人类故意制造的最古老的石器。)”可知，猕猴制作的薄片与人类的石器相似。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The similar ancient stne tls cllected frm sme f the earliest knwn sites, hwever, shw evidence f being used fr cutting tasks. Fr example, in Oldwan, a site dating between 3. 3 millin and 1. 5 millin years ag, researchers analyzed use-wear patterns n the tls and fund that sme f the flakes shwed damage alng their edges, indicating that they had been used fr cutting.(然而，从一些已知最早的遗址中收集到的类似的古代石器显示出用于切割任务的证据。例如，在奥尔德万，一个可以追溯到大约330万到150万年前的遗址。研究人员分析了这些工具的使用磨损模式，发现一些薄片的边缘有损伤，表明它们曾被用来切割。)”可推断，作者提到奥尔德万遗址是为了提供具体的证据来说明古代石器用于切割任务。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Despite the findings, t reveal the mechanism fr the emergence f flake technlgy, researchers still need t learn hw hminins made the leap frm accidentally prducing sharp flakes t picking them up and using them. Luncz and Prffitt hpe t find the missing link in further studies. (尽管有了这些发现，为了揭示薄片技术出现的机制，研究人员仍然需要了解人类是如何从偶然产生尖锐的薄片到捡起并使用它们的。Luncz和Prffitt希望在进一步的研究中找到缺失的环节。)”可知，为了揭示薄片技术背后的机制，研究者们仍然需要了解古人类是如何从意外产生锋利的薄片，到捡起并使用它们的。伦茨和普罗菲特希望在接下来的研究中可以找到缺失的这一环（即原始人是如何开始使用薄片的），故选D。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本篇是一篇科研报告类文章，第一段的“In a new study published n Friday in Science Advances, Lydia Luncz and Tms Prffitt, bth at the Max Planck Institute fr Evlutinary Anthrplgy in Leipzig, Germany, argue that mistakenly created flakes (薄片) may have been ur ancient ancestrs’ r ther nw-extinct early human relatives“ first step tward creating the sharp-edged tls that they used t butcher animals and cut edible plants.( 在周五发表在《科学进展》上的一项新研究中，德国莱比锡马克斯普朗克进化人类学研究所的Lydia Luncz和Tms Prffitt认为，错误地制造出的薄片可能是我们的古代祖先或其他现已灭绝的早期人类亲戚制造出锋利的工具的第一步，他们用来屠宰动物和切割可食用的植物。)”点明了新研究的结果，后文详细描述了研究过程和局限性及等未来研究前景，因此推断B项“薄片技术：从猕猴到人类。”为最佳标题。故选B项。
MICROSOFT says it has used the natural language AI ChatGPT, created by the cmpany OpenAI, t cntrl a range f rbts with simple text cmmands.
The chatbt was trained n a vast amunt f data, including surce cde. It has previusly demnstrated the ability t write sftware based n text and even t fix errrs in existing cde. Micrsft has nw used the AI t take text cmmands frm humans and interpret them int cde that can cntrl rbts directly. In ne test, ChatGPT wrte cde t instruct a rbtic arm t create a Micrsft lg frm wden blcks. In anther, it steered a drne t reach a pint while aviding bstacles. The research was intended ”t see if ChatGPT can think beynd text, and reasn abut the physical wrld t help with rbtics tasks“.
ChatGPT isn’t in direct, real-time cntrl f the rbt, but simply creates the cde that cntrls it. Micrsft said in its blg pst that ChatGPT utput shuldn’t be applied directly t a rbt withut ”careful analysis“, but experts warn that it is risky t even begin thinking abut placing AI in cntrl f physical machines.
Mark Ceckelbergh at the University f Vienna, Austria, says that regulatins may be needed in rder t set ut where AI can be used and wh is respnsible shuld things g wrng. ”It’s a very dangerus thing t just say “let’s give cntrl f these cmputers t AI’, ” says Ceckelbergh. “The prblem with cntemprary artificial intelligence is that it’s nt transparent t the user. That’s a huge prblem. ”
Others were sceptical abut the ability f language mdels t prgram rbts fr cmplex tasks. Kathleen Richardsn at De Mntfrt University Leicester, UK, says that AI language mdels are cnvincing mimics (模仿者), but that their real ability-including their adaptability t cntrl rbts-is ften exaggerated. “I think Micrsft, and mst peple wh design rbts, have t much cnfidence in what they can d, ” she says.
32．Which functin desn’t belng t ChatGPT accrding t MICROSOFT?
A．Create cde.B．Crrect cde errrs.
C．Write sftware.D．Cntrl rbts directly.
33．What can we infer frm paragraph 3?
A．Experts agree that we can apply AI t cde analysis.
B．Experts warn against the idea f using AI t cntrl rbts.
C．Micrsft believes ChatGPT utput shuld be used indirectly.
D．ChatGPT utput has been widely applied after careful analysis.
34．What des the underlined wrd “exaggerated” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Neglected.B．Simplified.C．Overestimated.D．Praised.
35．What is the authr’s attitude twards the ability f ChatGPT t cntrl rbts?
A．Objective.B．Favrable.C．Critical.D．Indifferent.
【答案】32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A
【导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了不同群体对于ChatGPT应用的不同态度及观点。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“It has previusly demnstrated the ability t write sftware based n text and even t fix errrs in existing cde. Micrsft has nw used the AI t take text cmmands frm humans and interpret them int cde that can cntrl rbts directly(它之前已经展示了基于文本编写软件的能力，甚至可以修复现有代码中的错误。微软现在已经使用人工智能从人类那里获取文本命令，并将其翻译成可以直接控制机器人的代码)”可知，ChatGPT展示了基于文本提示编写软件的能力，可以修复现有代码中的错误，微软现在已经使用人工智能从人类那里获取文本命令，并将其翻译成可以直接控制机器人的代码，说明ChatGPT可以编写代码；也说明ChatGPT是通过代码间接控制机器人，而不是直接控制机器人，故选D项。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“Micrsft said in its blg pst that ChatGPT utput shuldn’t be applied directly t a rbt withut “careful analysis”, but experts warn that it is risky t even begin thinking abut placing AI in cntrl f physical machines.(微软在其博客文章中表示，在没有“仔细分析”的情况下，ChatGPT的输出不应该直接应用于机器人，但专家警告说，甚至开始考虑将人工智能应用于物理机器的控制都是有风险的)”可知，专家反对使用人工智能来控制机器人的想法，故选B项。
34．词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段的“AI language mdels are cnvincing mimics(人工智能语言模型是令人信服的模仿者)”及but可知，划线词与前面cnvincing相反意思，再根据划线词后面I think Micrsft, and mst peple wh design rbts, have t much cnfidence in what they can d（我认为微软和大多数设计机器人的人，都过于相信这些机器人能做的事情）可推断，划线句句意是：它们的真正能力——包括控制机器人的适应性——经常被夸大。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Micrsft said in its blg pst that ChatGPT utput shuldn’t be applied directly t a rbt withut ”careful analysis“, but experts warn that it is risky t even begin thinking abut placing AI in cntrl f physical machines. (微软在其博客文章中表示，在没有“仔细分析”的情况下，ChatGPT的输出不应该直接应用于机器人，但专家警告说，甚至开始考虑将人工智能应用于物理机器的控制都是有风险的)”，第四段的“Mark Ceckelbergh at the University f Vienna, Austria, says that regulatins may be needed in rder t set ut where AI can be used and wh is respnsible shuld things g wrng.(奥地利维也纳大学的Mark Ceckelbergh表示，可能需要制定法规，以便确定人工智能可以在哪里使用，以及如果出现问题谁应该负责)”，最后一段的“Kathleen Richardsn at De Mntfrt University Leicester, UK, says that AI language mdels are cnvincing mimics (模仿者), but that their real ability-including their adaptability t cntrl rbts-is ften exaggerated.(英国莱斯特德蒙福特大学的凯瑟琳·理查森说，人工智能语言模型是令人信服的模仿者，但它们的真正能力——包括控制机器人的适应性——往往被夸大了)”可推断作者介绍了微软官方对于ChatGPT操控机器人的言论，客观引用了各界观点，并未发表个人想法，故选A项。
阅读理解【2024·浙江省绍兴市高三上学期模拟预测】
Eggs-perimenting with eggs
What can yu d with eggs ther than eat them?
Naked Eggs
What des an egg lk like withut its shell? Yu may be picturing the white and ylk in a bwl after cracking it, but that isn’t the nly way t remve the shell.
Materials: an egg, white vinegar, a bwl, a spn
Directins: Fill a bwl with ne cup f vinegar. Add the egg t the bwl, and wait at least 24 hurs. When yu check it after a day, yu’ll ntice sme bubbles n the egg and a residue (残留物) in the water. Use the spn t gently remve the egg frm the bwl. Dump ut the ld vinegar, and add a cup f fresh vinegar. Return the egg t the bwl, and wait anther 24 hurs. When yu remve the egg this time, the shell shuld be cmpletely disslved. What remains will be the cntents f the egg.
Walking n Eggshells
Can Eggs hld the weight f yur entire bdy?
Materials: six cartns (硬纸盒) f eggs, a garbage bag
Directins: Place the garbage bag n the flr t make any necessary clean up easier. Place the cartns f eggs int tw rws f three. Make sure all the eggs are pinting in the same directin— either all pinty end up r all runded end up. Step nt the first cartn f eggs carefully. Make sure yur ft is as flat as pssible and that yu are distributing yur weight evenly. If yu’re careful, yu will succeed. Eggs are actually incredibly strng. The arch shape at the tp and the bttm f the egg allws pressure t be distributed evenly ver the egg. If yu were t place the eggs n their sides instead, yu’d be likely t wind up with a gey (胶粘的) mess.
1．In the first experiment, what causes the eggshell t disslve?
A．Vinegar.B．Water.C．Bubbles.D．Residue
2．What makes the eggs strng enugh t walk acrss?
A．The psitin f eggs.B．The number f eggs.
C．The weight f eggs.D．The distributin f eggs.
3．What was the authr’s purpse in writing this text?
A．T persuade readers t use eggs in new ways.
B．T entertain readers with funny use fr eggs.
C．T tell readers sme ways t experiment with eggs.
D．T inspire readers t cnduct experiments carefully.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了两个用鸡蛋做实验的方法。
1．细节理解题。根据Naked Eggs下的Directins：“Fill a bwl with ne cup f vinegar. Add the egg t the bwl, and wait at least 24 hurs. When yu check it after a day, yu’ll ntice sme bubbles n the egg and a residue (残留物) in the water. Use the spn t gently remve the egg frm the bwl. Dump ut the ld vinegar, and add a cup f fresh vinegar. Return the egg t the bwl, and wait anther 24 hurs. When yu remve the egg this time, the shell shuld be cmpletely disslved. What remains will be the cntents f the egg. (在碗中加入一杯醋。将鸡蛋加入碗中，等待至少24小时。当你一天后检查它时，你会注意到鸡蛋上有一些气泡和水中的残留物。用勺子轻轻地把鸡蛋从碗里舀出来。倒出旧醋，加入一杯新醋。将鸡蛋放回碗中，再等24小时。当你这次取出鸡蛋时，蛋壳应该完全溶解了。剩下的将是蛋的成分（蛋黄和蛋清）。)” 可知在第一个实验中，是醋导致蛋壳溶解，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据Walking n Eggshells下的“Eggs are actually incredibly strng. The arch shape at the tp and the bttm f the egg allws pressure t be distributed evenly ver the egg. If yu were t place the eggs n their sides instead, yu’d be likely t wind up with a gey (胶粘的) mess.（鸡蛋实际上非常结实。鸡蛋顶部和底部的拱形形状可以使压力均匀地分布在鸡蛋上。如果你把鸡蛋放在它们的侧面，你可能会得到一团黏糊糊的东西。）” 可知是鸡蛋的分布让这些蛋足够结实，可以走过去，故选D。
3．推理判断题。通读全文，可知文章主要讲述两个用鸡蛋做实验的方法，所以目的就是告诉我们鸡蛋除了吃，还可以用来做实验以及具体的实验方法，故选C。
Nick Verel, a 53-year-ld kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohi, shuld have been near the tp f the list t receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millins f thers, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appintment. Nick wuld sit with cmputers n his lap trying fr hurs t bk an appintment n different sites, which ended up in vain n matter hw cncentrated he was. “I felt hpeless,” Nick says.
Then he heard abut Zwinggi, a 40-year-ld mther f three wh was helping t secure appintments fr vulnerable individuals like Nick. S he messaged Zwinggi n Facebk: Can yu help? Thirty-five minutes later, Zwinggi reprted back—Nick successfully had an appintment t get the vaccine.
Zwinggi’s vaccine hunting started n February 1, when she learned that her parents—her father has diabetes and her mther is a breast cancer survivr with a heart cnditin—were unable t get appintments themselves. She hated that they had t wait. Clicking arund n vaccine registratin sites, Zwinggi, wh has helped her husband develp websites, says “It was like trying t get a ticket t the Baseball Wrld Series final”.
She applied strategies that web insiders are familiar with (keeping multiple brwsers pen, refreshing sites every 20 secnds, erasing ckies) and added a few f her special skills. “I drink a lt f cffee, and I’m a fast typer,” she says. Sn enugh, Zwinggi had secured appintments fr bth f her parents. “I felt like a rck star,” she says.
Zwinggi decided that helping thers wuld be her way f giving back. “I feel like I need t will us ut f this pandemic,” she says. On February 10, she lgged n t Facebk t let peple knw that she was assisting with bkings. By March 2, she’d secured appintments fr 400 peple, a feat (壮举) that made Nick cnclude, “Marla is an angel.”
4．The underlined wrds “vulnerable individuals” in paragraph 2 refer t thse ______.
A．wh are t ld t bk an appintment.B．wh need vaccine badly with serius disease.
C．wh have little experience with cmputers.D．wh have little spare time with many kids.
5．Why did Zwinggi start t search fr vaccines nline?
A．Because she has helped her husband develp websites.
B．Because Nick made cntact with her n Facebk fr help.
C．Because her parents failed t secure appintments themselves.
D．Because she was familiar with the vaccine registratin sites.
6．Which f the fllwing best describes Zwinggi?
A．Caring and cnfidentB．Passinate and persevering
C．Thughtful and talentedD．Supprtive and skillful
7．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Tugh Battle Against COVID- 19B．The Vaccine Hunter
C．A Great Way t Get the VaccineD．The Vaccine Chas
【答案】4．B 5．C 6．D 7．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Zwinggi帮助他人预约疫苗的事迹。
4．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Nick Verel, a 53-year-ld kidney transplant (肾脏移植) recipient in Ohi, shuld have been near the tp f the list t receive a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗). Yet like millins f thers, he wasn’t having any luck scheduling an appintment.(俄亥俄州53岁的肾移植受者Nick Verel本应排在接种COVID-19疫苗的前列。然而，和其他数百万人一样，他也没能安排好预约)”以及划线词后文“like Nick”可知，Nick需要肾移植但是预约不上疫苗，故划线词意思是“患有严重疾病急需疫苗的人”。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Zwinggi’s vaccine hunting started n February 1, when she learned that her parents—her father has diabetes and her mther is a breast cancer survivr with a heart cnditin—were unable t get appintments themselves. She hated that they had t wait. Clicking arund n vaccine registratin sites, Zwinggi, wh has helped her husband develp websites, says “It was like trying t get a ticket t the Baseball Wrld Series final”.(Zwinggi寻找疫苗的工作始于2月1日，当时她得知她的父母——她的父亲患有糖尿病，她的母亲是患有心脏病的乳腺癌幸存者——无法自己预约疫苗。她讨厌他们不得不等待。Zwinggi帮助她的丈夫开发了一些网站，她点击了一些疫苗注册网站，她说：“这就像试图买一张棒球世界系列赛决赛的门票。”)”可知，Zwinggi开始在网上搜索疫苗是因为她的父母自己没能预约到。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She applied strategies that web insiders are familiar with (keeping multiple brwsers pen, refreshing sites every 20 secnds, erasing ckies) and added a few f her special skills. “I drink a lt f cffee, and I’m a fast typer,” she says.(她采用了网络内部人士熟悉的策略（保持多个浏览器打开，每20秒刷新一次网站，删除ckie），并添加了一些她的特殊技能。“我喝很多咖啡，而且打字很快，”她说)”以及最后一段“Zwinggi decided that helping thers wuld be her way f giving back.( Zwinggi认为帮助他人是她回馈社会的方式)”可推知，Zwinggi乐于助人且对预约疫苗很熟练。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“By March 2, she’d secured appintments fr 400 peple, a feat (壮举) that made Nick cnclude, “Marla is an angel.”(到3月2日，她已经为400人安排了预约，这一壮举让尼克得出结论：“玛拉是一位天使。”)”结合文章主要说明了Zwinggi帮助他人预约疫苗的事迹。可知，B选项“疫苗搜寻者”最符合文章标题。故选B。
Tp Eurpean htel chains are hiring wrkers withut experience r even a resume as executives admit years f underpaying staff have cme back t bite, leaving them unable t meet pst-pandemic travel demand.
Thusands f wrkers left the hspitality industry (酒店业) when internatinal travel shut dwn during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Many chse nt t return, finding better paid emplyment elsewhere, leaving hteliers facing a desperate shrtage.
Eurpe’s largest htelier Accr ACCP. PA is running trial initiatives t recruit peple wh haven’t previusly wrked in the industry, Chief Executive Sebastien Bazin said at the Qatar Ecnmic Frum last mnth.” We tried in Lyn and Brdeaux 10 days ag and this weekend we’re having peple interviewed with n resume, n prir jb experience and they are hired within 24 hurs. The new recruits are given six hurs f training and learn n the jb,” he said.
In the shrt term, Accr is filling rles in France with yung peple and migrants while als limiting services. “It’s students, peple cming frm Nrth Africa,” Bazin said. “And basically clsing restaurants fr lunch r pening them nly five days a week. There’s n ther slutin.”
Staff shrtages are particularly pressing in Spain and Prtugal. Spain’s hspitality industry is 200,000 wrkers shrt and Prtuguese htels need at least 15,000 mre peple t meet grwing demand, accrding t natinal hspitality assciatins.
Bazin said that while htels are nly 60 percent r 70 percent ccupied they can cpe with staff shrtages, but the time will cme when they’re fully bked.
“In the past, the industry has neither paid enugh r fcused n develping staff,” Bazin said, “Half f it is that we’ve been blind, we’ve been nt paying attentin t a lt f peple and prbably underpaying sme peple fr t lng as well,” he said. “S it’s a wake-up call.”
8．What prblem is the Eurpean hspitality industry facing?
A．Shrtage f resurces.B．Internatinal travel bans.
C．Staffing challenges.D．Dissatisfactry service.
9．What’s the essential reasn fr the prblem?
A．The travel demand is increasing.B．The jb is highly demanding.
C．The hspitality industry isn’t develped.D．The staff hasn’t been fairly paid.
10．What needs t be dne befre smene starts wrking in Accr at present?
A．Explaining previus wrk experience.B．Sending the resume in advance.
C．Receiving a six-hur training fr the jb.D．Ging thrugh a cmpetitive interview.
11．Which f the fllwing wuld Bazin agree with cncerning the prblem?
A．Hteliers have been turning a blind eye t the prblem.
B．The prblem is a reminder that htel staff deserves attentin.
C．The prblem is t pressing fr hteliers t address right nw.
D．The prblem can be slved with the help f students and migrants.
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．C 11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了欧洲的酒店业员工短缺问题及其原因。
8．细节理解题。由文第二段“Thusands f wrkers left the hspitality industry when internatinal travel shut dwn during the COVID- 19 pandemic. Many chse nt t return, finding better paid emplyment elsewhere, leaving hteliers facing a desperate shrtage.”（当国际旅行在新冠肺炎疫情期间停止时，成千上万的工人离开了酒店业。许多人选择不回来，在其他地方找到了收入更高的工作，这让酒店经营者面临着严重的短缺。）可知，欧洲的酒店业务主要面临的是职工短缺问题，故选C项。
9．细节理解题。由文第一段“Tp Eurpean htel chains are hiring wrkers withut experience r even a resume as executives admit years f underpaying staff have cme back t bite, leaving them unable t meet pst-pandemic travel demand”（欧洲顶级连锁酒店正在雇佣没有经验甚至没有简历的员工，因为高管们承认，多年来薪酬过低的员工进行反击了，使他们无法满足疫情后的旅行需求）可知，问题的关键原因是员工报酬过低，故选D项。
10．细节理解题。由文第三段最后一句“The new recruits are given six hurs f training and learn n the jb”（新员工会接受六个小时的培训并在工作中学习）可知，该酒店的员工在开始工作前要先接受六个小时的培训，故选C项。
11．推理判断题。由文最后一段Bazin所说的话“Half f it is that we’ve been blind, we’ve been nt paying attentin t a lt f peple and prbably underpaying sme peple fr t lng as well”（一半的原因是我们之前一直是盲目的，我们一直没有关注员工，可能对一些人的报酬也过低太久了）可知，他认为应该要多多关注员工，故选B项。
New research fund that children with psitive, early interactins with their care givers - characterized by warmth, respnsiveness, and a stimulating hme envirnment -were at reduced risk f childhd besity.
“A lt f the discussin arund childhd besity and ther health risks fcuses n identifying and studying the expsure t risk,” said Prfessr Brandi Rllins. ”We tk a strength-based apprach in ur analysis. We fund that a supprtive family and envirnment early in a child’s life may utweigh sme f the cumulative (累计的)risk factrs that children can face. ”
The study recently appeared in the jurnal Pediatrics. In the article, Rllins analyzed data frm ver 1,000 mther-child pairs and fund that children’s early expsures t family psychscial assets (有价值的 事物)- including a quality hme envirnment, emtinal warmth frm the mther, and a child’s ability t self-regulate - reduced the risk f develping childhd besity.
“Research n parenting has shwn that these types f family assets influence children’s behavir, academic success, career, and-nt surprisingly - health,” Rllins said. “It’s inspiring t knw that, by prviding a lving, safe envirnment, we can reduce the risk that children will develp besity.”
This wrk is based n research in parenting and child develpment. Respnsive parenting, ne f the family assets measured in the study, invlves respnding t children in a timely, sensitive, and age-apprpriate manner based n the child’s presenting needs. This study fcused n childhd besity, but the researchers said that parents may imprve many utcmes fr their children by learning respnsive-parenting skills. Knwledge f respnsive-parenting skills, hwever, may nt lead directly t implementing thse skills in the hme.
“N ne can read a pamphlet (小册子) abut cars and suddenly expect t drive,” said Rllins. “Driving is a skill that requires educatin and practice. The same is true f respnsive parenting. Public health prfessinals, clinicians, and researchers must cllabrate t help families develp psychscial assets, including respnsive parenting and a structured hme envirnment. This culd imprve childhd besity rates and ther imprtant quality-f-life utcmes,” she cntinued.
12．What was the fcus f the new research?
A．The ptential psychscial causes f childhd besity.
B．Cntributing factrs t children’s reduced risk f besity.
C．The link between childhd besity and ther health risks.
D．The harmful impacts f besity n kids’ psychscial health.
13．Accrding t the text, kids _______ are less likely t develp besity.
A．living in a lving hme envirnmentB．leading a high quality life
C．gd at expressing their emtinsD．having a balanced diet
14．Why des the authr mentin driving in the last paragraph?
A．T shw reading instructins isn’t a gd way t learn driving.
B．T indicate nt everyne can acquire driving skills withut training.
C．T illustrate respnsive-parenting skills require educatin and practice.
D．T stress it’s necessary t learn knwledge f respnsive-parenting skills.
15．Which f the fllwing wuld Prfessr Rllins agree with?
A．Kids’ early expsures t family psychscial assets are hard t measure.
B．Kids’ academic success largely depends n family psychscial assets.
C．Respnsive parenting is the mst imprtant family psychscial asset.
D．Develping psychscial assets is a jint effrt f experts and families.
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新的研究发现，儿童在早期与照顾者进行积极的互动可以降低儿童肥胖的风险。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“New research fund that children with psitive, early interactins with their care givers - characterized by warmth, respnsiveness, and a stimulating hme envirnment -were at reduced risk f childhd besity.”（新的研究发现，与照顾者有积极、早期互动的孩子——以温暖、回应和刺激的家庭环境为特征——患儿童肥胖的风险降低。）以及第二段中“We fund that a supprtive family and envirnment early in a child’s life may utweigh sme f the cumulative (累计的)risk factrs that children can face.”（我们发现，在孩子生命早期，一个支持性的家庭和环境可能会超过孩子可能面临的一些累积的风险因素。）可知，这项新研究的重点是降低儿童肥胖风险的因素。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In the article, Rllins analyzed data frm ver 1,000 mther-child pairs and fund that children’s early expsures t family psychscial assets (有价值的 事物)- including a quality hme envirnment, emtinal warmth frm the mther, and a child’s ability t self-regulate - reduced the risk f develping childhd besity.”（在这篇文章中，罗林斯分析了1000多对母子的数据，发现儿童早期接触家庭社会心理资产(包括高质量的家庭环境、来自母亲的情感温暖和孩子的自我调节能力)可以降低儿童肥胖的风险。）以及第四段中“It’s inspiring t knw that, by prviding a lving, safe envirnment, we can reduce the risk that children will develp besity.”（通过提供一个充满爱、安全的环境，我们可以降低儿童患肥胖症的风险，这一点令人鼓舞。）可推知，根据这篇文章，生活在一个充满爱的家庭环境中的孩子不太可能患肥胖症。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Driving is a skill that requires educatin and practice. The same is true f respnsive parenting.”（驾驶是一项需要教育和实践的技能。响应式养育也是如此。）可推知，作者在最后一段提到驾驶是为了说明响应式养育技巧需要教育和实践。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Public health prfessinals, clinicians, and researchers must cllabrate t help families develp psychscial assets, including respnsive parenting and a structured hme envirnment.”（公共卫生专业人员、临床医生和研究人员必须合作，帮助家庭发展心理社会资产，包括响应式养育和有组织的家庭环境。）可推知，发展心理社会资产是专家和家庭的共同努力。故选D项。
阅读理解【2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试】
Histric Sites in Paris
Paris is a city full f sites f different times and architectural styles. Here are sme f these famus spts that are essential t understand the city’s cmplicated past.
Eiffel Twer
Presented as part f the 1889 Wrld Expsitin in Paris, the Eiffel Twer has becme the city’s mst famus attractin. It is accessible n Line 6 r Line 8 f the Paris Metr by Bir-Hakeim r Trcadér statins. If pssible, avid visiting this spt at peak hurs (10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.) r n weekends, s yu can make the mst f yur visit t enjy the views frm the tp. The best mments are right after it first pens n weekdays.
Ntre-Dame Cathedral
Dating back t the 12th century, the Ntre-Dame Cathedral has lng twered alngside the banks f the Seine River, With its cmplicated Gthic (哥特式的) architectural details, it represents Parisian religin and architecture. Unfrtunately, a fire brke ut n April 15, 2019, destrying part f it. Visitrs are nt allwed t enter nw.
Luvre Museum
Luvre Museum is ne f the mst famus art museums in the wrld where yu can witness the city’s rich painting histry frm the medieval (中世纪的) perid t the present. It is easily accessible n Line 1 frm the Palais Ryal-Musée du Luvre statin. It is clsed n Tuesdays as well as January 1, May 1, and December 25 each year.
Arc de Trimphe
The Arc de Trimphe serves as a natinal symbl f France, which was built by Naplen I in celebratin f the victry at the Battle f Austerlitz. Take Line 1, 2, r 6 t Charles de Gaulle-Etile statin and yu will see the Arc de Trimphe. Visitrs can purchase tickets fr a tur t the tp t enjy the views f the city.
1．Which is the best time t visit Eiffel Twer?
A．At 2:00 p. m., Sunday.B．At 9:00 a. m., Mnday.
C．At 11:00 a. m., Tuesday.D．At 10:00 a. m., Saturday.
2．Where shuld visitrs g if they are interested in art histry?
A．Eiffel Twer.B．Luvre Museum.
C．Arc de Trimphe.D．Ntre-Dame Cathedral.
3．What can be inferred frm the listed attractins?
A．They require tickets fr a tur.
B．They are easily accessible by subway.
C．They allw visitrs t enter n hlidays.
D．They are spts t shw the histry f Paris.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了巴黎四个不同时期和建筑风格迥异的历史遗迹。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“If pssible, avid visiting this spt at peak hurs (10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.) r n weekends, s yu can make the mst f yur visit t enjy the views frm the tp. The best mments are right after it first pens n weekdays.(如果可能的话，避免在高峰时间(上午10点至下午5点)或周末参观这个地方，这样你就可以充分利用你的参观来欣赏顶部的景色。最好的时刻是在工作日刚开门的时候。)”可知，应避免在高峰期和周末参观Eiffel Twer，且最好的参观时间是在它刚开门的时候，因此“周一上午九点”是最好的游览时间。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Luvre Museum is ne f the mst famus art museums in the wrld where yu can witness the city’s rich painting histry frm the medieval (中世纪的) perid t the present. (卢浮宫博物馆是世界上最著名的艺术博物馆之一，在这里你可以见证这座城市从中世纪到现在丰富的绘画历史。)”可知，卢浮宫博物馆是了解从中世纪开始到现在的绘画历史的地方。故选B。
3．细节理解题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段末句“Here are sme f these famus spts that are essential t understand the city’s cmplicated past. (这里有一些著名的景点，对于了解这座城市复杂的过去是必不可少的。)”可知，本文展示了关于巴黎历史的一些景点。故选D。
When I picked up The Wks f Life, a ckbk written by the Leung family, I was very excited. Inside there are mm-and-dad apprved recipes with stries and phts—even a timeline—f the family’s histry.
“We call ur ckbk culinary genealgy (烹饪家谱). We wanted the bk t be ur family’s stries tld thrugh fd, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, wh c-wrte the bk during the pandemic (流行病) with her parents and yunger sister. “We grew up in a fd-bsessed (着迷的) family. Hnestly, I’ve develped a quarter f these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accmplish ur gal: All family members are cmpetent Chinese cks.”
The ckbk features dishes which might be made in a Chinese American hme as well as in Chinese American takeut restaurants. “Hme-style cking and restaurant-style cking have equal imprtance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family als discussed hw t be respectful f each pint. “I hpe the recipes will appeal t Chinese Americans, like my family, and als thse less familiar with Chinese cking.”
Part f their ckbk has als been psted n their website, attracting millins f faithful fllwers. The success f the ckbk is that it hnrs traditin as well as reflects mdern interpretatins, making it a mixture f the ld and the new. It als ffers building blcks fr hme cks wh want t learn t ck Chinese fd.
I started my explratin with the Kung Pa Chicken, a ppular dish and als my favrite. Jyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was suppsed t be. It really built up my cnfidence. Surely, as yu can imagine, I have als set up my gal t be expert in Chinese cking.
The ckbk is prmting Chinese cking t becme the dmain f hme cks in the United States. Fr t lng, Chinese cking has been a cuisine that many peple are used t nly eating ut.
4．Why is the ckbk called culinary genealgy?
A．It runs in the family.B．It is written by family members.
C．It includes the stry f a family.D．It cntains mm-and-dad apprved recipes.
5．Which f the fllwing best describes the Leung family?
A．Easyging and helpful.B．Faithful and energetic.
C．Devted and cnsiderate.D．Frtunate and thankful.
6．What des the authr think f The Wks f Life?
A．It is a typical Chinese ckbk.B．Its success lies in hnring traditin.
C．It ffers building blcks fr all cks.D．It helps imprve the authr’s cking skills.
7．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Mst Americans are used t eating ut.
B．The ckbk has becme a best seller.
C．American hme cks prefer Chinese cking.
D．The ckbk benefits the spread f Chinese cking.
【答案】4．C 5．C 6．D 7．D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，体现了“人与自我”的主题语境，主要介绍了一本食谱的特色、创作过程中的考量和所取得的成就，表达了该食谱创作者（一个美籍华人家庭）和一些美国人对中餐的热爱。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句““We call ur ckbk culinary genealgy (烹饪家谱). We wanted the bk t be ur family’s stries tld thrugh fd, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, wh c-wrte the bk during the pandemic (流行病) with her parents and yunger sister.(“我们称我们的烹饪书为烹饪家谱(烹饪谱)。我们希望这本书通过食物讲述我们的家庭故事，而不仅仅是特色食谱，”莎拉·梁说，她在疫情期间与父母和妹妹共同撰写了这本书)”可知，the Leung family想要在这本食谱中通过食物讲述家庭故事，因此把这本食谱叫作烹饪家谱，故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中““We grew up in a fd-bsessed (着迷的) family. Hnestly, I’ve develped a quarter f these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accmplish ur gal: All family members are cmpetent Chinese cks.”(“我们生长在一个痴迷美食的家庭。老实说，这些食谱中有四分之一是我自己开发的，”莎拉补充道。“随着时间的推移，我们将实现我们的目标:所有家庭成员都是能干的中国厨师。”)”可知，the Leung family对食物很着迷，并正为实现全员成为中餐大师的目标付出努力，说明他们“devted”；以及第三段中““Hme-style cking and restaurant-style cking have equal imprtance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family als discussed hw t be respectful f each pint.(萨拉说：“家常菜和餐馆菜同样重要，但它们是不同的。”她补充说，这家人还讨论了如何尊重每一点)”可知，the Leung family想在食谱中体现对中餐方方面面的尊重，说明他们“cnsiderate”，故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段中“I started my explratin with the Kung Pa Chicken, a ppular dish and als my favrite. Jyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was suppsed t be. It really built up my cnfidence.(我从宫保鸡丁开始了我的探索，这是一道很受欢迎的菜，也是我的最爱。令人高兴的是，我做的菜尝起来像它应该有的味道。它真的建立了我的信心)”可知，作者按照这本食谱首先尝试了制作宫保鸡丁，结果做出来的宫保鸡丁和作者之前吃过的味道很像。这增强了作者的信心，故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The ckbk is prmting Chinese cking t becme the dmain f hme cks in the United States. Fr t lng, Chinese cking has been a cuisine that many peple are used t nly eating ut.(这本食谱正在推动中国烹饪成为美国家庭烹饪的领域。长期以来，中国烹饪一直是一种许多人只习惯在外面吃饭的烹饪方式)”可知，这本食谱正推动着中餐成为美国家庭厨师烹饪的一部分；在此之前的很长时间，许多想要享用中餐的美国人只能前往外面的餐馆，故选D项。
A relatinship between the amunt f adult speech children are expsed t and the cncentratin f myelin, a substance in the brain, has been fund, researchers say.
“I think the take-hme message is, abslutely talking t yur kids. It’s literally shaping the structure f the brain,” says the lead authr, Prf. Jhn P. Spencer f the University f East Anglia.
The team find, fr the 30-mnth-lds, larger amunts f adult speech are assciated with higher quantities f myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; hwever, fr the 6-mnth-lds, it ges the ppsite way.
While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer pints ut ne pssible factr: the brain’s stage f develpment.
“When babies are six mnths ld, they experience massive grwth f new nerve cells,” he says. “S the input cmes in and may help extend the perid f brain grwth.” “While at 30 mnths, the brain starts t cut back sme f the cell grwth, and frm specific cnnectins. That’s where myelin cmes in. S nw the input starts t help structure the myelin,” he adds.
The researchers cnclude adult speech is significant fr bth age grups and that the mre adult speech children g thrugh, the mre sensitive they will be t language. The next step fr them is t figure ut whether the 6-mnth-ld babies shwing that negative cnnectin will surely turn int 30-mnth-ld kids wh shw psitive relatinship.
Dr. Salni Krishnan, Reader in cgnitive neurscience (认知神经科学) at Ryal Hllway, University f Lndn, wh is nt invlved in the wrk, hwever, ntes individual differences in language ability are linked t genetics. “Children wh are expsed t mre language at hme and have higher myelinatin will als have inherited genes (经遗传获得的基因) frm parents wh are mre excellent in languages,” she said. “N final cnclusin culd be made befre this ptential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently n standard arund the amunt f input children shuld receive, caregivers shuld nt necessarily feel pressure t talk mre t their children.”
8．Which can replace the underlined wrds “take-hme message” in paragraph 2?
A．Prcess.B．Reasn.C．Pint.D．Cnsequence.
9．What surprises the team?
A．The finding fr the 30-mnth-lds.B．The finding fr the 6-mnth-lds.
C．Hw the input help nerve cells grw.D．Hw the input help structure the myelin.
10．What des the researchers think f adult speech?
A．It is psitively related t myelin.B．It cuts back sme f the cell grwth.
C．Its effect varies with the size f brains.D．It is helpful fr bth grups’ language ability.
11．What might Dr. Salni Krishnan apprve f?
A．The team shuld d mre research.B．Inherited genes decide language ability.
C．Parents must talk mre t their kids.D．The cncentratin f myelin makes n sense.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个研究团队的发现（多跟孩子交流有助于孩子的大脑发育，尤其是语言方面）和其他专家就该研究发现发表的言论。
8．词义猜测题。根据划线词“is, abslutely talking t yur kids. It’s literally shaping the structure f the brain”可知，Prf. Jhn P. Spencer认为重点是跟孩子交流；这确实能够影响孩子大脑结构的发育，故划线词意思是“重点”。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“The team find, fr the 30-mnth-lds, larger amunts f adult speech are assciated with higher quantities f myelin in language-related pathways in the brain; hwever, fr the 6-mnth-lds, it ges the ppsite way.(研究小组发现，对于30个月大的婴儿来说，更多的成人语言与大脑中语言相关通路中更多的髓磷脂有关;然而，对于6个月大的婴儿来说，情况正好相反)”以及第四段“While the latter (后者) is unexpected, Spencer pints ut ne pssible factr: the brain’s stage f develpment.(虽然后者出乎意料，但斯宾塞指出了一个可能的因素:大脑的发育阶段)”可知，使这个研究团队吃惊的是第三段中提到的对六个月大的婴儿的研究发现，故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“The researchers cnclude adult speech is significant fr bth age grups and that the mre adult speech children g thrugh, the mre sensitive they will be t language”可知，研究人员得出结论：父母的言语对六个月大和三十个月大的孩子都很重要；并且孩子所接收的父母的言语越多，孩子们日后对语言就会越敏感，故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““N final cnclusin culd be made befre this ptential genetic effect are tested. And yet there being currently n standard arund the amunt f input children shuld receive, caregivers shuld nt necessarily feel pressure t talk mre t their children.”(“在测试这种潜在的遗传效应之前，无法得出最终结论。然而，目前还没有关于孩子应该接受多少信息的标准，照顾者不必感到压力，要和孩子多说话。”)”可知，Dr. Salni Krishnan认为在潜在的基因方面的影响被测定之前，不能断言“父母多跟孩子交流会提高孩子的语言能力”，即这个研究团队需要做进一步的研究，故选A项。
Nisy family? Lud cnstructin right utside yur windw? A new flexible ludspeaker culd help yu rest easily. It culd turn yur walls int nise-canceling systems.
The new ludspeaker is abut as thick as a few sheets f paper. It’s lightweight and flexible enugh t stick t mst surfaces t cntrl nise much easier, ntes Jinchi Han, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy in Cambridge.
Lts f dme-shaped (圆顶状的) micrstructures are in the centre f the new speaker. Han’s team sandwiches their new material between tw plastic sheets t prtect the dmes. “The bttm layer lifts up the small dmes s that they can vibrate (震动) freely, and the upper prtective layer is thicker than the dmes that are secured in the middle f the layers,” he explains. “S if yu tuch the surface, yu dn’t need t wrry abut damaging these small structures.”
Han pints ut large area f the new material culd make cntrlling nise much easier.
Each dme wrks as a tiny speaker. The dmes can generate sund waves all tgether, in grups r individually. Wallpapering yur bedrm with this material wuld create speakers all arund yu. Thse same speakers culd then dampen r cancel unwanted sund. “If yu desire, yu culd turn any space int a quiet zne where yu culd sleep r study with barely any nise,” Han says. He als sees applicatins in cars, airplanes, apartments r wherever unwanted nise is a prblem.
Large versins culd be the next step fr this super-thin speakers, says Lri Beckstead, a sund artist.
“The new speakers are s thin and light that they culd be placed in spaces where traditinal ludspeakers might have been impractical,” Beckstead adds. She ntes that adding nise-canceling technlgy t lud spaces frm restaurants t nisy industrial plants wuld be fantastic.
12．What can we learn abut the new ludspeaker frm the first paragraph?
A．It culd reduce unwanted nise.B．It cvers a vast area.
C．It is flexible t any cnstructin.D．It prduces much nise.
13．Why is the surface f the dme safe t tuch?
A．The bttm layer lifts up the dme.
B．It can generate sund waves all tgether.
C．It is prtected by the upper and bttm layers.
D．The upper prtective layer is thicker than the dme.
14．What is the benefit f the new material accrding t Han?
A．Lud nisy spaces are using it effectively nw.
B．It culd cntrl nise mre effectively when used largely.
C．Any space culd be turned int a zer-nise ne by using it.
D．Wallpapering yur bedrm with it creates cmfrtable sund.
15．What is Beckstead’s attitude t the applicatin f the new speakers?
A．Favrable.B．Intlerant.C．Dubtful.D．Unclear.
【答案】12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新技术——可以降噪的超薄扬声器。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“It culd turn yur walls int nise-canceling systems.(它可以把你的墙变成噪音消除系统)”可知，这种新型扬声器可以消除噪音。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“Han’s team sandwiches their new material between tw plastic sheets t prtect the dmes.(韩的团队将他们的新材料夹在两块塑料片之间，以保护圆顶)”和最后一句“S if yu tuch the surface, yu dn’t need t wrry abut damaging these small structures.(所以如果你触摸表面，你不必担心会损坏这些小结构)”可知，这些圆顶状的结构被上下层材料夹在中间保护起来，因此它们不容易受损。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Han pints ut large area f the new material culd make cntrlling nise much easier.(韩指出，大面积的新材料可以使控制噪音变得更加容易)”可知，大面积使用这种材料更容易控制噪音。故选B。
15．观点态度题。根据最后一段“‘The new speakers are s thin and light that they culd be placed in spaces where traditinal ludspeakers might have been impractical,’ Beckstead adds. She ntes that adding nise-canceling technlgy t lud spaces frm restaurants t nisy industrial plants wuld be fantastic.(Beckstead补充说：‘这种新型扬声器非常轻薄，可以放置在传统扬声器可能不切实际的地方。’她指出，在从餐馆到嘈杂的工业工厂的嘈杂空间中添加降噪技术将是非常棒的)”可推知， Beckstead对这种新型扬声器的应用持支持态度。故选A。
阅读理解【2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷（一）】
The Natinal Library is ne f Sctland’s fremst research libraries with an unparalleled cllectin f Scttish, natinal and internatinal material. Our tw main reading rms are lcated in ur Gerge Ⅳ Bridge Building in Edinburgh:
* In the Special Cllectins Reading Rm yu can cnsult ur rare bks, manuscripts, and music cllectins.
* In the General Reading Rm yu can cnsult the rest f ur material.
We als have a Maps Reading Rm in ur Cause wayside Building in Edinburgh. T cnsult ur maps yu shuld bk an appintment in advance.
T access ur reading rms yu must register fr a library card. Yu must shw yur card n entry and keep it with yu at all times. T safeguard ur cllectins, we ask thse using ur reading rms t bserve ur guidelines fr care f the cllectins. Fr mre details, see:
* Care f the cllectins: General Reading Rm
* Care f the cllectins: Special Cllectins Reading Rm
* Care f the cllectins: Maps Reading Rm
N pens are allwed in ur reading rms. Yu can take pencils, paper, bks, phnes, laptps and tablets int the reading rms, but bags larger than A4 size (29 cm×21 cm) must be left in lckers. Lckers in ur Gerge Ⅳ Bridge Building are perated with a £1 cin and there is a change machine n the grund flr. Lckers in the Maps Reading Rm d nt require a £1 cin. Laptps can be used in designated areas and we ffer free WiFi.
1．Where will yu g if yu’re studying the histry f Scttish music?
A．The Special Cllectins Reading Rm.B．The General Reading Rm.
C．The Maps Reading Rm.D．The Academic Center.
2．What is the first step t access the Maps Reading Rm?
A．Shw yur library card n entry.B．Make an appintment befrehand.
C．Get familiar with the guidelines.D．Leave versized bags in lckers.
3．Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A．A lcal newspaper.B．A registratin guide.
C．A library website.D．A student handbk
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰国家图书馆不同阅览室的功能和注意事项。
1．推理判断题。由文章第二段“In the Special Cllectins Reading Rm yu can cnsult ur rare bks, manuscripts, and music cllectins.(在特藏阅览室，您可以查阅我们的珍本书籍、手稿和音乐收藏。)”可知，如果你正在学习苏格兰音乐史，特藏阅览室是最好的选择。故选A。
2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“We als have a Maps Reading Rm in ur Cause wayside Building in Edinburgh. T cnsult ur maps yu shuld bk an appintment in advance.(我们在爱丁堡的Cause路旁大楼里也有一个地图阅览室。要查阅我们的地图，您应该提前预约。)”可知，进入地图阅览室的第一步是提前预约。故选B。
3．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“The Natinal Library is ne f Sctland’s fremst research libraries with an unparalleled cllectin f Scttish, natinal and internatinal material.(国家图书馆是苏格兰最重要的研究型图书馆之一，拥有无与伦比的苏格兰、国家和国际资料收藏。)”引出本文主题，可知本文主要介绍苏格兰国家图书馆，故这段文字可能取自一个图书馆网站。故选C。
William Lindesay, renwned Great Wall expert and cnservatinist, and his wife Wu Qi have traveled acrss the glbe by the back paths, prviding their sns Jimmy and Tmmy a unique envirnment fr persnal grwth.
Sunhats, backpacks, sneakers and trekking ples — these are the day-t-day must-haves f the family. This East-meets-West cuple started traveling while their yunger sn was still in nappies in 2003. Mst f their trips, mst f which are far frm the ht spts recmmended by travel guidebks, seem mre rigrus than leisurely — heritage study in the Mnglian deserts, a 53-kilmeter hiking tur f New Zealand, a ne-day climb f three English summits and a six-day train ride frm Beijing t Mscw.
“Real travel may be hard, uncertain, uncmfrtable, but there’s a feel-gd factr when yu pass a test f sme kind,” Lindesay wrte in the family’s newly published travel memir Pages f Discvery.
Lindesay attaches great imprtance t learning ut f the classrm, saying that children might scre well n schl tests, but that experience f the wrld utside, in distant lands, with different languages, scripts, plitical structures, and religius beliefs, is the real testing grund.
Children in this internatinal family did nt have the same pressure t perfrm n schl tests, but they had “hmewrk” n the rad. Wu asked her sns t write travel diaries, cllect tickets, draw maps and summarize travel tips. She says such habits, thugh they might nt directly imprve test scres, will pay dividends in later life.
These experiences certainly shaped their sns’ characters and influenced their chsen study at university. One read wrld histry, the ther internatinal relatins. The tw brthers als share an interest in histrical mnuments, and the Great Wall in particular. They are nw planning t fllw in their father’s ftsteps with a new 4,500-km hike n the Great Wall.
“My parents view the wrld as a big classrm, and my brther and I are the biggest beneficiaries,” Jimmy says.
4．Which f the fllwing best describes their trips acrss the wrld?
A．Hard and risky.B．Unique yet stressful.
C．Challenging and educatinal.D．Leisurely yet rewarding.
5．What can we infer abut the cuple frm the text?
A．They think little f schl educatin.
B．They believe travel prvides real educatin.
C．They ask their sns t fllw their career path.
D．They require their sns t perfrm well n schl tests.
6．What d the underlined wrds “pay dividends” mean in paragraph 5?
A．Bring advantages.B．Pay a price.
C．Imprve scres.D．Make mistakes.
7．What des the family’s stry tell us?
A．Gd cmpany n the rad is the shrtest cut.
B．Gd habits frmed at yuth make all the difference.
C．A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.
D．It is better t travel 10,000 miles than t read 10,000 bks.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了William Lindesay是著名的长城专家和自然环境保护主义者，他和妻子带着孩子走遍世界各地，用实际行动践行了“读万卷书不如行万里路”。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Mst f their trips, mst f which are far frm the ht spts recmmended by travel guidebks, seem mre rigrus than leisurely — heritage study in the Mnglian deserts, a 53-kilmeter hiking tur f New Zealand, a ne-day climb f three English summits and a six-day train ride frm Beijing t Mscw.(他们的大部分旅行都远离旅游指南推荐的热门景点，似乎比在蒙古沙漠中学习遗产、在新西兰徒步旅行53公里、在英国攀登三座山峰一天以及从北京到莫斯科的六天火车旅行等悠闲的旅行要严格得多)”和第三段中“Real travel may be hard, uncertain, uncmfrtable(真正的旅行可能是艰难的、不确定的、不舒服的)”可知，他们的很多旅行是具有挑战性的；根据倒数第二段中“These experiences certainly shaped their sns’ characters and influenced their chsen study at university. One read wrld histry, the ther internatinal relatins. The tw brthers als share an interest in histrical mnuments, and the Great Wall in particular.(这些经历无疑塑造了他们儿子的性格，并影响了他们选择在大学学习。一个读世界历史，另一个读国际关系。这两兄弟还对历史遗迹，尤其是长城很感兴趣)”可知，这些旅行经历对孩子来说有教育意义，故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段“Lindesay attaches great imprtance t learning ut f the classrm, saying that children might scre well n schl tests, but that experience f the wrld utside, in distant lands, with different languages, scripts, plitical structures, and religius beliefs, is the real testing grund.(Lindesay非常重视课堂外的学习，他说，孩子们可能在学校考试中取得好成绩，但在遥远的地方，在不同的语言、文字、政治结构和宗教信仰的外部世界的经历，才是真正的试验场)”和第五段中“Wu asked her sns t write travel diaries, cllect tickets, draw maps and summarize travel tips. She says such habits, thugh they might nt directly imprve test scres, will pay dividends in later life.(Wu让她的儿子们写旅行日记，收集车票，绘制地图，总结旅行小贴士。她说，这样的习惯虽然可能不会直接提高考试成绩，但会在以后的生活中带来好处)”可知，这对夫妇认为旅行能提供真正的教育，故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Wu asked her sns t write travel diaries, cllect tickets, draw maps and summarize travel tips.(Wu让她的儿子们写旅行日记，收集车票，绘制地图，总结旅行小贴士)”可知，Wu让儿子这样做应是对他们有好处，结合画线词所在句中“She says such habits, thugh they might nt directly imprve test scres (她说，这样的习惯虽然可能不会直接提高考试成绩)”中thugh表达的让步语气可知，此处指这样的习惯虽然可能不会直接提高考试成绩，但会在以后的生活中带来好处，pay dividends意为“带来好处”，故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Lindesay attaches great imprtance t learning ut f the classrm, saying that children might scre well n schl tests, but that experience f the wrld utside, in distant lands, with different languages, scripts, plitical structures, and religius beliefs, is the real testing grund.(Lindesay非常重视课堂外的学习，他说，孩子们可能在学校考试中取得好成绩，但在遥远的地方，在不同的语言、文字、政治结构和宗教信仰的外部世界的经历，才是真正的试验场)”和最后一段中“My parents view the wrld as a big classrm, and my brther and I are the biggest beneficiaries(我的父母把世界看作一个大教室，我和哥哥是最大的受益者)”可知，Lindesay非常重视课堂外的学习，让孩子们在旅行中受益，故这家人的故事告诉我们“读万卷书不如行万里路”，故选D。
Yung peple are being criticized fr wrking frm hme again, with ne prfessr saying it adversely affects their prfessinal and rmantic success.
Sctt Gallway, a marketing prfessr at the New Yrk University, spke abut the harms f being at hme at The Wall Street Jurnal’s CEO Cuncil Summit, n Wednesday.
A clip psted n TikTk shws Gallway saying, “Yu shuld never be at hme. That’s what I tell yung peple. Hme is fr seven hurs f sleep and that’s it. The amunt f time yu spend at hme is ppsitely crrelated t yur success prfessinally and rmantically. Yu need t be ut f the huse.”
In anther clip at the same event, the prfessr insisted that success and wrk-life balance d nt g hand in hand. He said, “If yu expect t be in the tp 10% ecnmically, much less the tp 1%, buck up. Tw decades plus, f nthing but wrk. That’s my experience.”
Gallway has lng been an advcate f ffice wrking and shunned remte wrking habits because it weakens yung peple’s ability t build relatinships and netwrk. He previusly advised yung wrkers, “Befre yu cllect dgs and spuses, get int the ffice, establish mentrs, establish friends,” in an interview with CNN. He added that wrkers wh get prmted are the nes with the best relatinships at wrk.
Billinaire CEO Eln Musk is als n a campaign against remte wrkers and called the practice “mrally wrng” in a recent interview with CNBC．
Musk has incrprated this value acrss his varius cmpanies including giving Tesla emplyees a final warning t either quit r return t the ffice last year. He als called Twitter emplyees back t the ffice 40 hurs a week shrtly after his $44 billin takever.
Hwever, remte wrking may be here t stay. Arund 55% f remte wrkers in the US said they are willing t take a pay cut t cntinue wrking frm hme, a recent pll by The Washingtn Pst fund.
8．What can be the harm f wrking frm hme accrding t Gallway?
A．Less successful careers.B．Imbalance between wrk and life.
C．Wrse relatinship at hme.D．Lss f sleep time.
9．What can be Gallway’s advice t yung wrkers?
A．Develp remte wrking habits.B．Keep a pet at hme.
C．Establish relatinships in the ffice.D．Get prmtin at wrk.
10．Why are Tesla and Twitter mentined in Paragraph 7?
A．T present n slutin t remte wrking.
B．T explain the harm f wrking remtely.
C．T illustrate Musk’s attitude t wrking frm hme.
D．T warn the remte wrker f the pssible jb lss.
11．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Remte wrkers will be less paid.
B．Remte wrking will disappear sner r later.
C．The majrity f peple prefer remte wrking.
D．Remte wrking is cntrversial amng peple.
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．C 11．C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。纽约大学市场营销学教授加洛韦周三在《华尔街日报》的CEO理事会峰会上谈到了呆在家里远程工作的危害，认为远程工作会影响事业和爱情上的成功。文章对此进行了报道。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The amunt f time yu spend at hme is ppsitely crrelated t yur success prfessinally and rmantically.(你花在家里的时间与你在事业和爱情上的成功成反比。)”可知，根据加洛韦的说法，在家工作的坏处有事业不成功。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“He previusly advised yung wrkers, “Befre yu cllect dgs and spuses, get int the ffice, establish mentrs, establish friends,” in an interview with CNN.(在接受CNN采访时，他曾建议年轻员工：“在你收集狗和配偶之前，先进入办公室，建立导师和朋友。”)”可知，加洛韦给年轻员工的建议是在办公室里建立关系。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第六段“Billinaire CEO Eln Musk is als n a campaign against remte wrkers and called the practice “mrally wrng” in a recent interview with CNBC.(亿万富翁首席执行官埃隆·马斯克也发起了一场反对远程办公的运动，他在最近接受CNBC采访时称这种做法“在道德上是错误的”。)”可知，第7段提到特斯拉和推特是为了说明马斯克对在家工作的态度。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Arund 55% f remte wrkers in the US said they are willing t take a pay cut t cntinue wrking frm hme, a recent pll by The Washingtn Pst fund.(《华盛顿邮报》最近的一项民意调查发现，美国约55%的远程工作者表示，他们愿意接受减薪以继续在家工作。)”可知，从最后一段中可以推断出大多数人喜欢远程工作。故选C。
【2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷（一）】
A new study suggests that mindfulness educatin — lessns n techniques t calm the mind and bdy — can reduce the negative effects f stress and increase students’ ability t stay engaged, helping them stay n track academically and avid behavir prblems.
After finding that students wh self-reprted mindful habits perfrmed better n tests and had higher grades, researchers frm the Center fr Educatin Plicy Research at Harvard University wanted t knw if schl-based mindfulness training culd help mre students reap similar benefits.
They designed a study fcusing n sixth-graders in a Bstn schl. The study shwed that sixth-graders wh participated in an eight-week mindfulness were less stressed ut than their classmates wh hadn’t. Practicing mindfulness had helped imprve the ability t fcus in the mment, expanding students’ capacity t learn and regulate their emtins.
Fur times a week, instructrs frm Calmer Chice, a Massachusetts nnprfit specializing in mindfulness educatin, taught the grup techniques and led them thrugh practices, like fcusing n a rck fr a minute, then discussing when their mind wandered and refcused n the rck. Anther grup f sixth-graders tk cmputer cding during that time instead. The students were randmly assigned between the grups.
At the end f the eight weeks, the mindfulness grup reprted being less stressed than they had been befre the mindfulness educatin, and better able t practice self-cntrl. And their amygdalae, the part f the brain that cntrls emtin, respnded less t pictures f fearful faces than they did prir t the mindfulness wrk, suggesting their brains were less sensitive t negative stimuli, r, in ther wrds, that they were less likely t get stressed ut and lse fcus. The grup wh attended cding classes didn’t see the same benefits.
The findings suggest that the mindfulness instructin helped bst students’ attentin skills, as well as develp cping mechanisms fr stress. The researchers believe it culd be especially useful fr schls t supprt students suffering frm severe mental damage and ther adversities that trigger stress in the bdy, hurting students’ ability t succeed.
12．What was the purpse f the study?
A．T examine the techniques fr practicing mindfulness.
B．T study the effects f grup mindfulness training n students.
C．T see hw students help themselves t perfrm better n tests.
D．T understand why mindfulness training calms the mind and bdy.
13．Hw was the study cnducted?
A．By listing benefits f mindfulness educatin.
B．By scanning the brain t see hw it cntrls emtins.
C．By teaching different students different mindfulness skills.
D．By cmparing tw grups f students attending different classes.
14．What change tk place after the students practiced mindfulness wrk?
A．They felt easier t stay fcused.B．They were better at cmputer cding.
C．Their mind was wandering mre actively.D．Their brains were mre aware f negativity.
15．Wh are the mst pssible target readers f the passage?
A．Stressful parents.B．Mindful instructrs.
C．Emtinal students.D．Schl educatrs.
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明，正念教育课程可以帮助学生减少压力带来的负面影响，提高他们保持专注的能力。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中“researchers frm the Center fr Educatin Plicy Research at Harvard University wanted t knw if schl-based mindfulness training culd help mre students reap similar benefits (哈佛大学教育政策研究中心的研究人员想知道，以学校为基础的正念训练是否能帮助更多的学生获得类似的好处)”可知，该研究探究的是以学校为基础的正念训练对学生是否有类似的好处，即群体正念训练对学生的效果。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Fur times a week, instructrs frm Calmer Chice, a Massachusetts nnprfit specializing in mindfulness educatin, taught the grup techniques and led them thrugh practices (来自马萨诸塞州专注于正念教育的非盈利机构Calmer Chice的教师每周四次教授小组技巧，并带领他们进行练习)”和“Anther grup f sixth-graders tk cmputer cding during that time instead. (另一组六年级学生在这段时间学习计算机编程。)”可知，研究人员将参与者分成了两个小组，一个小组进行正念训练，另一个小组学习编程。因此，该研究是通过比较学习不同课程的两组学生来进行的。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据第五段中“And their amygdalae, the part f the brain that cntrls emtin, respnded less t pictures f fearful faces than they did prir t the mindfulness wrk, suggesting their brains were less sensitive t negative stimuli, r, in ther wrds, that they were less likely t get stressed ut and lse fcus. (他们的大脑中控制情绪的部分——杏仁体，对恐惧面孔的反应比他们在进行正念训练之前要少，这表明他们的大脑对负面刺激不那么敏感，换句话说，他们不太可能感到压力和注意力不集中。)”可知，在学生们进行正念练习后，他们更容易集中注意力，保持专注。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The researchers believe it culd be especially useful fr schls t supprt students suffering frm severe mental damage and ther adversities that trigger stress in the bdy, hurting students’ ability t succeed. (研究人员认为，这对学校来说尤其有用，可以帮助那些遭受严重精神损伤和其他逆境的学生，这些逆境会引发身体压力，损害学生成功的能力。)”可知，该研究可以很好地指导学校去帮助遭遇精神损伤和其他逆境的学生。由此推知，文章最有可能的目标读者群体是学校的教育者。故选D项。
阅读理解【浙江强基联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期10月统测】
1．What can we infer abut the Kaz?
A．It shares a similar wrking principle with trumpet.
B．Prfessinal training fr the Kaz is nt necessarily required.
C．The Africans intrduced it t the musical field.
D．Replacing the membrane frequently can imprve its life.
2．Which f the fllwing is suggested fr Kaz players accrding t the passage?
A．Blw a tune with yur thrat.B．Have garlic befre yur perfrmance.
C．Stre it in a basement.D．Avid using scissrs t remve the ld membrane.
3．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T intrduce a unique instrument.
B．T persuade us t buy ur wn Kaz.
C．T explain the Kaz’s cultural value.
D．T stress the imprtance f using Kaz prperly.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A
【解析】本文为一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了一种独特的乐器：卡祖笛。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Playing Kaz desn’t need t learn music thery, recite music scres, r even practice.(演奏卡祖笛不需要学习音乐理论、朗诵乐谱或者进行练习)”可知，演奏卡祖笛不需要学习音乐理论、朗诵乐谱或者进行练习，也就是不需要专业培训。故选 B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Frm time t time the membrane (薄膜) may need replacing thrugh excessive wear r dampness. When remving the ld ne, yu shuldn’t use any mechanical tls r it wuld harm its further use.(由于过度磨损或潮湿，薄膜可能需要偶尔更换，拆除旧的薄膜时，你不应该使用机械工具，否则会损坏卡祖笛。)”可知，更换薄膜时不应使用机械工具，否则会损坏卡祖笛。因此，应该避免使用剪刀更换薄膜，故选 D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章每段的小标题“What is a kaz?(什么是卡祖笛？)”“Kaz Histry(卡祖笛历史)”“Hw t play?(如何演奏？)”“Maintenance(保养)”可知，文章的主要目的是对卡祖笛进行简要介绍，包括卡祖笛是什么样的，其历史、演奏方法和保养方法，故选A。
Tired f the busy and chatic life in Las Vegas, Nevada fr nearly ten years, my family and I decided t slw things dwn. We wanted t lead an envirnmental-friendly life.
Nne f us felt that this culd be accmplished where we were living and we all agreed that a mve t the cuntry wuld be great fr everyne.
Befre lng we set abut lking fr a hme in Yucca, Arizna, a very small twn f less than 1,000 peple. When I called t inquire abut the prperty, I was infrmed that there was n electricity available in the area. What? N electricity? I almst denied the idea immediately. But what better way is there t g green? After giving it a secnd thught, we decided t put in an ffer and mved in n Thanksgiving Day.
When we first mved t the prperty, we did sme remdeling (改造) and stayed in ur mtr hme. We were cnfrnted with real challenges at the time. But the frustratins just made us wrk harder. We slwly gt things fixed and mved int the huse after 38 days.
While living here fr the past fur mnths has been a big adjustment, there are many benefits t living ff the grid (电线). I think ne f the mst educatinal lessns is teaching my kids the imprtance f cnservatin. They used t take water, pwer and gas fr granted. We started taking quicker shwers, ding nly full lads f laundry, turning ff the water while brushing ur teeth. In additin, we are als trying t make ther changes which include reducing the amunt f trash we generate by recycling, grwing ur wn rganic vegetables and re-purpsing things that we wuld nrmally thrw.
Overall, ging ff the grid has been great fr ur family. I hpe that nce my kids mve ut f the huse, they will keep the habits that they have learned by living ff the grid.
4．Why did the family mve t a remte twn?
A．Financial debt frced them t save mre mney.
B．Having a new lifestyle has becme a trend.
C．They reached an agreement t lead a green life.
D．They gt a discunt n a prperty accidentally.
5．Hw did the authr feel when she knew the prperty was nn-electricity?
A．Satisfied.B．Astnished.C．Relieved.D．Refreshed.
6．When the authr’s kids lked back n the life ff the grid, they wuld recall the lessn that_______.
A．saving resurces makes a differenceB．life is beynd ur expectatin
C．city chas will disappear sner r laterD．repair the huse befre it rains
7．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw urgent it was t lead an envirnmental-friendly life.
B．Hw a family f urban-residents switched t a simple life.
C．Hw significant it was t better adapt t a new envirnment.
D．Hw a carbn-free lifestyle has been prmted t the cuntry.
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．A 7．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者一家从繁忙喧嚣的拉斯维加斯搬到了亚利桑那州一个偏远小镇的经历。他们希望过一种更加自给自足的生活，体验绿色环保。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Tired f the busy and chatic life in Las Vegas, Nevada fr nearly ten years, my family and I decided t slw things dwn. We wanted t lead an envirnmental-friendly life.”（厌倦了近十年来在内华达州拉斯维加斯忙碌而混乱的生活，我和家人决定放慢节奏。我们想过一种环保的生活。）以及第二段“Nne f us felt that this culd be accmplished where we were living and we all agreed that a mve t the cuntry wuld be great fr everyne.”（我们都觉得在我们住的地方不可能做到这一点，我们都认为搬到乡下对每个人来说都是件好事。）可知，这家人搬到一个偏远的小镇是因为他们都一致同意过绿色生活。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段中“When I called t inquire abut the prperty, I was infrmed that there was n electricity available in the area. What? N electricity? I almst denied the idea immediately.”（当我打电话询问物业情况时，我被告知该地区没有电。怎么啦？没有电？我几乎马上就否认了这个想法。）可推知，当作者知道房子没有电的时候，她是感到惊讶的。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Overall, ging ff the grid has been great fr ur family. I hpe that nce my kids mve ut f the huse, they will keep the habits that they have learned by living ff the grid.”（总的来说，离开电网对我们家来说是件好事。我希望，一旦我的孩子们搬出去，他们会保持他们在远离电网的生活中养成的习惯。）可知，作者教育孩子节约用水、电和气体的重要性，希望他们能保持这种习惯。因此，他们将回想起这个教训。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Tired f the busy and chatic life in Las Vegas, Nevada fr nearly ten years, my family and I decided t slw things dwn. We wanted t lead an envirnmental-friendly life.”（厌倦了近十年来在内华达州拉斯维加斯忙碌而混乱的生活，我和家人决定放慢节奏。我们想过一种环保的生活。）可知，整篇文章讲述了作者一家如何从城市搬到乡村，过一种自给自足、没有电线的生活，即一家城市居民家庭如何转向简单的生活。故选B项。
Including a jke in the title f a paper culd pay ff in terms f citatins (引用), accrding t a study. The finding — which has nt been prved by peers — suggests that researchers culd gain citatins by giving their papers amusing titles while sme say the evidence is t weak t supprt the cnclusin.
Jkes smetimes find their way int academic papers. “One place where we ften see humr is in titles, but there’s a very small amunt f literature abut whether this is reasnable,” says lead authr Stephen Heard, an evlutinary eclgist.
T investigate whether having a funny title culd bst a paper’s readership and citatins, Heard and his clleagues asked vlunteers t scre the titles f 2,439 papers accrding t hw amusing they were. The scrers assessed humr n a seven-pint scale, frm zer (serius titles) t six (extremely funny). The researchers then lked fr a link between papers’ humr scres and the number f citatins they had received, including self-citatins by their wn authrs.
Papers with funny titles were cited slightly less ften than thse with mre serius r straightfrward titles. Hwever, papers with mre amusing titles als tended t have fewer self-citatins, which led Heard’s team t infer that scientists might give funnier titles t less imprtant papers. “Our assumptin is that authrs dn’t cite their wn papers subsequently because they dn’t think that thse are their mst imprtant papers,” Heard says.
After cntrlling fr self-citatins as a measure f a paper’s imprtance, the researchers fund that articles with funny titles are in fact cited mre than thse with serius titles. Fr example, papers with titles that gt a scre f six had nearly twice as many citatins n average as thse whse titles gt a humr scre f fur. But sme researchers argued that self-citatins might nt be a gd criterin fr a paper’s imprtance.
8．The finding f the study can be best described as _________ accrding t the first paragraph.
A．a widely accepted belief.B．smething surprising.
C．a whlly resisted pinin.D．smething still in debate.
9．Hw did the researchers carry ut the first stage f the study?
A．By enquiring abut vlunteers’ attitudes tward funny titles.
B．By asking participants t divide thse titles int seven ranks.
C．By matching the papers’ scres with the vlunteers’ likes.
D．By digitalizing the citatins int varius scres f humr.
10．Which f the fllwing statements will Heard mst prbably agree with?
A．Including a jke in an essay is by n means a gd attempt.
B．Self-citatins dn’t serve as a gd standard fr the research.
C．Articles with fewer self-citatins tend t be unimprtant t the authrs.
D．Scientists shuld stp their self-citatins t guarantee academic fairness.
11．Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A．One Cites Himself: A Rise T FameB．Funny Or Serius: It Serves Yur Chice
C．Are Yu Jking: Funny Titles Are GdD．Jking Paper Titles: Fewer Citatins Or Mre
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了学术论文标题中包含笑话是否会增加引用次数的一项研究。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“The finding — which has nt been prved by peers — suggests that researchers culd gain citatins by giving their papers amusing titles while sme say the evidence is t weak t supprt the cnclusin.(这一尚未得到同行证实的发现表明，研究人员可以通过给论文起有趣的标题来获得引用，而有些人则认为证据太弱，无法支持这一结论)”可知，这项研究的发现并未被同行证实，有些同行认为证据不足，因而研究成果还存在争议。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“T investigate whether having a funny title culd bst a paper’s readership and citatins, Heard and his clleagues asked vlunteers t scre the titles f 2,439 papers accrding t hw amusing they were.(为了调查一个有趣的标题是否能提高论文的读者和引用率，赫德和他的同事们让志愿者们根据标题的有趣程度给2439篇论文的标题打分)”可知，研究者在研究的起始阶段让志愿者对论文标题的趣味性进行评分。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hwever, papers with mre amusing titles als tended t have fewer self-citatins, which led Heard’s team t infer that scientists might give funnier titles t less imprtant papers.(然而，标题更有趣的论文往往也有更少的自我引用，这让赫德的团队推断，科学家可能会给不太重要的论文起更有趣的标题)”可知，Heard的团队推断，科学家可能会给不太重要的论文起更有趣的标题，因为这些论文的自我引用次数较少。由此推知，Heard可能会同意自我引用次数较少的文章对作者来说可能不太重要。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Including a jke in the title f a paper culd pay ff in terms f citatins (引用), accrding t a study.(根据一项研究，在论文标题中加入一个笑话可以在引用方面获得回报)”及全文可知，文章主要讨论了一项研究，该研究发现，带有趣标题的论文在控制了自我引用次数后，实际上被引用的次数更多。由此可知，D 项“Jking Paper Titles: Fewer Citatins Or Mre(戏谑的的论文标题：引用少还是多)”能概括文章的整体内容，适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
Expecting the wrst t avid feeling bad later is knwn as “bracing”. It may help them prepare fr emtinally challenging situatins, particularly in the mments befre these situatins ccur. Peple brace fr the wrst while waiting fr ptentially negative utcmes. Smene might als brace fr the wrst in anticipatin f stressful events like giving a presentatin at wrk.
Sme psychlgical theries suggest that bracing shuld help. Fr example, “decisin affect thery” prpses that hw we feel abut a situatin is determined partly by cmparing what actually happened with what culd have happened. Based n this, peple shuld be happy when an event ges beynd their expectatins, and disappinted when an event falls behind. Therefre, by anticipating the wrst, ne can safeguard themselves against future disappintment, as any result is likely t surpass their expectatins.
But ther psychlgical theries undermine the idea that bracing will be helpful. It has been therized and scientifically established – that expectatins can pwerfully influence reality. There are tw key ways that expectatins can shape reality.
First, peple may behave in ways that fit with their expectatins. If yu expect t fail an upcming test r interview, then yu might nt invest effrts in preparatin, which in turn reduces yur chances f ding well. Secnd, peple may interpret a situatin in line with their expectatins. Imagine yu believe yu are insufficiently qualified fr a jb yu’ve applied fr. During the jb interview, yu’re likely t interpret blank expressins frm the interviewer in line with this belief, which culd negatively affect yur perfrmance. In fact, the interviewer did nt want t give anything away.
Drawing tgether the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the wrst is anything but a wise way t prepare fr upcming news r results. It might be better t hld psitive expectatins than t brace fr the wrst.
12．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．The lgic f preparing fr the wrst.
B．The thery f cmparing past and future.
C．The cnflict between peple’s expectatin and reality.
D．The emtins hidden behind anticipating the wrst.
13．What des the underlined wrd “undermine” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Strengthen.B．Determine.C．Oppse.D．Justify.
14．Hw can negative expectatins prbably affect peple’s perfrmance in reality?
A．By resulting in unnecessary time waste.
B．By prmting peple’s ambitin and mtivatin.
C．By giving weight t peple’s ptential f excellence.
D．By causing less preparatin and sme misinterpretatins.
15．What is the authr’s attitude tward bracing fr the wrst?
A．Unclear.B．Objective.C．Negative.D．Apprving.
【答案】12．A 13．C 14．D 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了人们对未来可能发生的负面情况进行预期的行为，即“做最坏打算”的心理学概念，探讨了相关的理论和研究，并认为持有积极的期望可能比预期最坏情况更加有益。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Sme psychlgical theries suggest that bracing shuld help. Fr example, “decisin affect thery” prpses that hw we feel abut a situatin is determined partly by cmparing what actually happened with what culd have happened. Based n this, peple shuld be happy when an event ges beynd their expectatins, and disappinted when an event falls behind. Therefre, by anticipating the wrst, ne can safeguard themselves against future disappintment, as any result is likely t surpass their expectatins.”（一些心理学理论认为，支撑应该有所帮助。例如，“决策影响理论”提出，我们对一种情况的感受在一定程度上是由实际发生的事情与可能发生的事情的比较决定的。基于此，当一件事超出预期时，人们应该感到高兴，当一件事落后时，人们应该感到失望。因此，通过做最坏的打算，人们可以保护自己免受未来的失望，因为任何结果都可能超过他们的预期。）可知，第二段主要讲的是做最坏打算的逻辑。故选A项。
13．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Sme psychlgical theries suggest that bracing shuld help.”（一些心理学理论认为，支撑应该有所帮助。）以及第三段“It has been therized and scientifically established – that expectatins can pwerfully influence reality.”（期望能有力地影响现实，这已被理论化和科学地证实。）可推断出此处表示意思的转折，即其他心理学理论“颠覆”（反对）这种看法，故可猜测划线单词undermine为“反对”的意思，与C项Oppse“反对”意思一致。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“If yu expect t fail an upcming test r interview, then yu might nt invest effrts in preparatin, which in turn reduces yur chances f ding well. Secnd, peple may interpret a situatin in line with their expectatins. Imagine yu believe yu are insufficiently qualified fr a jb yu’ve applied fr. During the jb interview, yu’re likely t interpret blank expressins frm the interviewer in line with this belief, which culd negatively affect yur perfrmance.”（如果你认为自己在即将到来的考试或面试中会不及格，那么你可能就不会在准备工作上投入精力，这反过来又会降低你取得好成绩的机会。其次，人们可能会根据自己的期望来解释情况。假设你认为自己不足以胜任你所申请的工作。在求职面试中，你很可能会把面试官的茫然表情理解为与这种想法一致，这可能会对你的表现产生负面影响。）可知，消极预期通过减少准备和一些误解来影响人们在现实中的表现。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Drawing tgether the scientific studies, it seems that expecting the wrst is anything but a wise way t prepare fr upcming news r results. It might be better t hld psitive expectatins than t brace fr the wrst.”（综合这些科学研究，似乎做最坏的打算绝不是为即将到来的新闻或结果做准备的明智方式。与其做最坏的打算，不如保持积极的预期。）可推知，作者认为做最坏的打算，不如保持积极的预期，作者对做最坏的打算持有反对态度。故选C项。
【2024·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟返校联考】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
While attractins like the Shard and the Lndn Eye ffer excellent perspectives, they're always busy and ticket prices are steep. But with a little insider knwledge, yu can save yur punds and bag yur skyline phts withut the crwds thrugh accessing the fllwing viewpints.
Parliament Hill
Lndn is mstly flat, but if yu knw where t lk there are a few hills that prvide natural (and free) high pints ffering city views with a side rder f fresh air.
One f the mst central is Parliament Hill n Hampstead Heath - at 98m, ne f Lndn's highest natural viewpints. Frm here, n a clear day, yu can sit n the park bench that featured in mvies like Run Fatby Run and Ntes n a Scandal.
Entry fee: free
The Garden Museum Twer
If yu exit left ut f Westminster statin, battle yur way ver the bridge and then turn right, past the view f Big Ben and walk alng the suth side f the Thames, yu'll cme t a medieval (中世纪的) church.
While yu might be interested in British garden design, it's the 14th-Century twer that's the main attractin fr phtgraphers. Climb the 131 steps f the narrw spiral staircase and yu'll emerge nt ne f the finest riverside viewpints in the city - with views acrss t the Palace f Westminster n the right.
Entry fee: Adult f16, r Twer nly 4
The IFS Clud Cable Car
If yu want t sar ver Lndn in a glass pd, the bvius place t g is the Lndn Eye. But a cheaper and crwd-free alternative is t ride the IFS Clud Cable Car.
The views are impressive at any time, but the Cable Car stays pen late, s yu can even enjy magnificent sunsets frm the west-facing side r admire the twinkling city lights after dark.
Entry fee: E6 ne-way
Seabird, Suthwark
Lndn has n shrtage f rftp venues (场所) ffering knckut cityscape views, s it can be hard t pick just ne r tw. But fr lcatin, angles and a great experience, it desn't get much better than Seabird, n the 14th flr f the Hxtn htel in Suthwark with nthing t blck views n three sides.
Entry fee: Buy a drink: draught beer csts￡6.50 r small glass f wine is￡9；a prtin f lives csts ￡5.
21. Where can yu g if yu want t phtgraph the 14th-Century twer?
A. The Lndn Eye.
B. The suth side f the Thames.
C. The rftp venues.
D. A place near St Paul's Cathedral.
22. In which viewpint can yu just buy a drink and enjy free city views?
A. Parliament Hill.
B. The Garden Museum Twer.
C. The IFS Clud Cable Car.
D. Seabird, Suthwark.
23. What d the 4 viewpints have in cmmn?
A. They are free.
B. They are well-knwn.
C. They are nt crwded.
D. They are nt cheap.
21-23 BDC
A篇主要讲述了四个游玩景点，并介绍了基本信息和攻略。
第21题 B 第二个观景点中提到那个十四世纪的 twer 是吸引摄影师的地方。故选B。
第22题 D 第四个观景点免费进入，只要买份喝的就行了。故选 D。
第23题 C 根据文章第一段可知，这几个观景点不拥挤，只有内部人、知情人才知道。故选C。
B
When yu are struggling with yur mental health, getting active may be ne f the last things yu feel like ding. But if yu can muster the energy, evidence shws that exercise has a pwerfully beneficial effect. One 2019 study, published in JAMA Psychiatry, fund that physical activity is an effective preventin strategy fr depressin. Anther 2015 paper fund that exercise can be as helpful in treating mild t mderate depressin as antidepressants and psychtherapy.
"We have knwn fr a lng time that exercise prmtes physilgical and neurchemical (神经化学的) respnses that make yu feel gd," says Prf Nanette Mutrie f the University f Edinburgh's Institute fr Sprt, Physical Educatin and Health Sciences. When we exercise, the brain releases endrphins, as well as dpamine and sertnin. "Very ften, these same chemicals frm part f antidepressant drugs, leading t the happy feelings," she says.
There is als a psychlgical cmpnent t exercise that makes us feel gd, says Mutrie. "When yu're exercising, yu are imprving yur self-esteem, mastering a new task and meeting new peple. All these wrk tgether t help lift up spirits."
Jermaine Jhnsn, anther persnal trainer suggests aviding cardi, like running. "That can raise the heart rate and fuel yur anxiety," he says. Instead, he suggests that yu try strength training. Because yu can measure yur prgress with weight training - heavier weights r mre repetitins- yu will be able t see hw much yu are imprving, which culd lift yur md.
Finally, the act f putting n a pair f trainers can, n its wn, be a frm f self-care. "Even if yu leave after a few minutes, yu've already achieved smething just by ging t the gym," says Jhnsn. Fcus n the fact that yu went t the gym in the first place, nt that yu left. And take everything ne step at a time. Yu're in cntrl.
24. Why are the tw studies mentined in Paragraph 1?
A. T intrduce the tpic.
B. T supprt the writer's pinin
C. T raise further questins.
D. T give detailed descriptin.
25. What makes us feel gd when we exercise accrding t Mutrie?
A. The drugs we take.
B. The amunt f exercise.
C. The way f exercise.
D. The chemicals released.
26. What's Jermaine Jhnsn's attitude tward running?
A. Disapprving.
B. Unclear.
C. Supprtive.
D. Tlerant.
27. What's the best title fr the passage?
A. New Studies Published
B. Running Strengthens Yur Heart
C. Wrkut Heals Yur Mind
D. Gym Imprves Yur Md
24-27 BDAC B篇主要讲述了体育锻炼是预防抑郁症的有效策略，并且介绍了一些方法。
第24题 B 第一段第二句提出作者的观点：锻炼非常有益。然后用两个研究结果来支持这一 观点。故选B。
第25题 D 根据第二段可知，Mutrie 认为人运动时释放出来的化学物质使人快乐，具有抗抑 郁作用。故选D。
第26题 A 从第四段可知，Jermaine Jhnsn 认为有氧运动会提高心率，从而增加焦虑。故选A。
第27题 C 本文主旨在第一段提出，运动是阻止抑郁的好方法。全文围绕这一主旨展开。故选C。
C
Ri de Janeir, a clurful urban area divided by frest-cvered muntains and edged by glden castlines, has lng attracted internatinal turists with its samba-fuelled nights and spectacular landscapes. Nw, the "Marvellus City", as it's knwn by Brazilians, is appealing t a new type f traveller with its Digital Nmad Visa, which was launched acrss the cuntry last year. The lcal gvernment has been pushing ahead with investments t make the city increasingly suitable fr remte wrkers, including imprving cnnectivity with citywide 5G cverage.
Ri-brn peple cherish playing sprts, being in nature and scialising after wrking hurs, and it's this wrk-life balance that makes Ri s appealing t digital nmads ver ther Brazilian cities. The beaches, frest hikes and numerus utdr drinking spts are all n the drstep f anyne wh lives in the Suth Zne, making it easy t slip int a fun activity nce the laptp has been clsed fr the day.
Getting residency in Brazil was nce very cmplex and trublesme, but the Digital Nmad Visa has made the prcess easier. It enables visitrs t keep their current emplyment in anther cuntry while allwing stays f ne year, with the ptin f renewing fr anther 12 mnths. Applicants must prvide prf f wrk and earn at least USS1,500(￡1,200) per mnth r have US$18,000 (￡14,400) in savings.
Ri is a bit mre expensive than Sa Paul, but still, cmpared t Western prices, it's just really gd value. Inland neighburhds such as Flameng, Btafg and Catete are cheaper ptins that are still lcated near beaches, hikes and vibrant nightlife.
Hwever, Brazil's reputatin f crime can alarm sme digital nmads cnsidering making the mve t Ri. Thugh mst vilent crimes ccur in pr areas, travellers are required t avid theft r being rbbed.
English isn't widely spken thrughut Ri. It's wrth learning sme Prtuguese basics befre ging t Ri r ding a Prtuguese curse upn arriving fr lnger-term residents.
28. What in Ri de Janeir has always been appealing t travellers?
A. Mdern city and cheap living.
B. Clrful night life and great landscapes.
C. Green muntains and castlines.
D. New facilities and gvernment plicies.
29. Why d digital nmads chse t stay in Ri?
A. They can cncentrate n wrk there.
B. There is n wrk requirement there.
C. They enjy 5G cverage everywhere.
D. There is clrful life besides wrk.
30. What might yu infer abut the Digital Nmad Visa hlders?
A. They can speak English.
B. They can speak French.
C. They can speak Prtuguese.
D. They can speak Spanish.
31. Where might the passage be taken frm?
A. A travel magazine. B. A text bk.
C. A mvie review. D. A bigraphy.
C篇主要讲述了里约热内卢是一个色彩缤纷的城市地区，被森林覆盖的山脉和金色的海岸线所分隔长期以来以其桑巴舞的夜晚和壮观的风景吸引着国际游客。
第28题 B 从文章第一段可知，Ri de Janeir 一直以其活力的桑巴舞之夜和壮观的风景吸引 国际游客。故选B。
第29题 D 从文章第二段第一句的后半句强调句可知，是这种工作和生活的平衡吸引了这些 电子游牧民。故选D。
第30题 C 从文章最后一段关于里约的语言环境可知，持电子游牧民护照的人应该会讲 Prtuguese. 故选C。
第31题 A 本文是讲述旅游目的城市的，该城市宜游宜工。故选 A。
D
Alchl has lng been an imprtant part f wrkplace culture. In almst all aspects f life, regular alchl cnsumptin has even been encuraged: frm cllege and university all thrugh t the wrkplace either t strengthen relatinship r t uplift spirits. Hsting meetings at bars and restaurants with drinks flwing is even part f sme cmpanies' business strategy, thrugh which ptential business partners get drunk tgether t becme friends, s they can trust each ther nt t harm the ther persn's prfessinal interests.
Althugh sme emplyees welcme alchl int their wrk lives, the emphasis n drinking culture in the wrkplace desn't suit all. Research frm 2019, cnducted by researchers at the University f Stavanger in Nrway, fund that when emplyers r supervisrs initiate drinking, emplyees feel it their bligatin t participate. And amng peple in the UK, half f thse surveyed by researchers at the University f Stirling in Sctland admitted t being pressured int drinking alchl by clleagues and family. It als shwed that generally, men felt frced int drinking mre ften than wmen, with men 20% mre likely t be encuraged int drinking by their clleagues and 37% mre by their bsses.
Yet, as central as drinking is t wrkplace scialisatin and strategy, there are signs that sme cmpanies are re-thinking the rle f alchl in prfessinal settings. After all, many wrkers dn't drink fr persnal reasns, and interactins invlving alchl at wrk can cause anxiety. The increasingly large ppulatin f Gen Zers (Z世代，网生代) are pushing fr deeper
and calmer cnversatins withut alchl.
Accrding t a survey f 2,400 wrkers and 250 emplyees in the UK frm Ttaljbs, mre than ne in three wrkers see drinking with clleagues as utdated. Tactics (策略，方法) like nn-alchlic ptins and bnding activities that aren't dependent n alchl nt nly create a mre inclusive envirnment fr nn-drinkers where they feel equally valued, and are welcme, but a space where staff wh d drink feel cmfrtable - then everyne wins.
32. What's Paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A. Peple's lve fr alchl.
B. Peple's prejudice abut alchl.
C. The harm alchl des.
D. The rle alchl plays at wrk
33. What des the underlined wrd "bligatin" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Respnsibility. B. Superirity. C.Opprtunity. D. Capability.
34. What can we knw abut Gen Zers?
A. They are mainly emplyers.
B. They think alchl stps clear thinking.
C. They regard alchl as effective bnding.
D. They may increase alchl cnsumptin.
35. What des the last paragraph suggest?
A. Scial activities depend n alchl.
B. Mst wrkers regard alchl utdated.
C. There are alternatives t please everyne.
D. The drinking staff shuld stay in ne space.
D篇主要讲述了长期以来，酒精一直是工作场所文化的重要组成部分。在生活的几乎所有方面，甚至都鼓励定期饮酒：从大学到工作场所，要么加强关系，要么提升精神。
第32题 D 文章第一段讲酒在生活各个方面所起的作用。故选D。
第33题 A 本句意思是，在老板或管理者提出喝酒时，雇员们感到他们理应参加。这里 respnsibility 最合适。因为喝酒的机会多的是。上级提出喝酒，他们有责任和义务参 与。故选A。
第34题 B 从第三段最后一句可知，Z 时代年轻人他们强烈要求没有酒精的深层次的冷静的 交谈。由此可知，他们认为酒精使人不够清醒。故选B。
第35题 C 最后一段通过一个调查表明，很多人认为与同事饮酒已经过时了。不饮酒的活动 不仅对不饮酒的人更加包容，也会使饮酒的人感到舒适，这样就双赢了。故选C。
1840’s Original KAZOO
What is a kaz? Kaz (卡祖笛) is a very special wind instrument which hums thrugh the human vice and enhances the sund, similar t the saxphne. Playing Kaz desn’t need t learn music thery, recite music scres, r even practice. Kaz may sund like a saxphne and trumpet. It is ften played when a guest is welcmed.
Kaz Histry The Kaz rts date back t Africa where they were riginally used fr sacred ceremnies, althugh the exact purpse is still a mystery t all. Later, the Kaz was used t drive away enemies, nt as a musical instrument.
Hw t play? Kaz has a simple structure. The flute is big at ne end and small at the ther. When playing, yu shuld hld the big head in yur muth withut blwing, but hum a tune with yur thrat. The vibratin f the vcal crd drives the vibratin f the sund film n the flute t make a sund. Fr beginners, “d-d” is a perfect attempt. Remember DON’T BLOW-HUM.
Maintenance It is recmmended t keep yur Kaz clean and dry. Excessive saliva (唾液) des nt d the tin much gd. Als fd intake must be cnsidered. Beer, garlic, chilli have a strange effect n the sund, but dn’t be anxius. Sme peple even prefer these effects. Frm time t time the membrane (薄膜) may need replacing thrugh excessive wear r dampness. When remving the ld ne, yu shuldn’t use any mechanical tls r it wuld harm its further use. As fr substitutin, it is a piece f cake as yu just need t cut a piece f waxed paper the size f the hle and screw back the cap.