专题01 阅读理解（第01期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编

这是一份专题01 阅读理解（第01期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编，文件包含专题01阅读理解第01期-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编教师版doc、专题01阅读理解第01期-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编学生版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共128页， 欢迎下载使用。

专题01 阅读理解（第01期）-2022届新高考名校英语好题速递分项汇编
阅读理解【重庆市巴蜀中学2022届高考适应性月考卷（一）】
The Best Workout Apps in 2021
Take a look at our picks for the best workout apps to find a program that fits in with your exercise goals and daily routines.
Fitbit
Fitbit uses the daily activity logged by your fitness tracker to recommend workouts and activities, which adjust not only to what you've done，but your fitness goals and feedback. It offers hundreds of routines so there's bound to be a workout in there for you. Users can even hire one-on-one trainers with different fitness specialties. But you will have to pay for the privilege.
Seven
All the day-to-day demands on your schedule make Seven one of the best workout apps for squeezing a quick workout into your daily routine. All you need is 7 minutes a day. The app comes complete with detailed instructions, exercise log, and progress tracker. While the app offers many features for free, a subscription unlocks more exercises.
Shred
Shred lets you choose between different types of training, which serve up different exercise routines that push you toward meeting your goals. The app features interactive visuals and activity logging, so that you can see your progress on a daily basis. The free version of Shred is ad-supported, while a pro version offers more features and removes advertising.
PEAR
The PEAR Personal Fitness Coach apps provides users with a broad range of guided workouts. The app plays well with a variety of fitness trackers and devices, allowing you to keep track of your performance. PEAR comes with a free 14-day trial, after which you'll need to subscribe for access to the workouts.
1．Which app can be the best choice for busy people?
A．Fitbit. B．Seven. C．Shred. D．PEAR.
2．What do the listed apps have in common?
A．They require a subscription. B．They are for professional trainers.
C．They monitor users’ progress. D．They offer personalized workouts.
3．In which section of a magazine may this text appear?
A．Transportation. B．Finance. C．Media. D．Lifestyle.
Disturbed by reports of rising domestic violence under coronavirus lockdown, a Polish high school student launched a fake online shop to offer a lifeline to victims trapped in their homes. Her idea won a European Union prize that came with €10,000（$12,120）.
"I heard about a French initiative(计划), where people go to the pharmacy (药房) and ask for a special mask that lets the pharmacist know they are a victim of domestic violence," Krystyna Paszko explained. "I thought it was so brilliant!" In April, she decided to open her shop "Camomiles and Pansies" to sell those cosmetics. When a victim writes asking to buy a cream, a psychologist responds instead of a salesperson and asks how long the "skin problems" have been going on for. If someone places an order and leaves an address, it is actually a code asking for authorities to visit their home.
After Krystyna openly wrote about her plan on her own Facebook page, she was flooded with questions. "I thought it would only be for my friends, but the shares on Facebook were big and it became a hit," she said. With so much interest, she contacted the Women's Rights Centre, a Polish NGO, asking for assistance. In response it provided psychologists and lawyers to work with the website. Since its launch, more than 350 people have contacted the website. Most of the victims are young, under 40, and about 10% are male. The president of the Women's Rights Centre, Urszula Nowakowska, said she was "very impressed" by Krystyna's project. "There are around 70,000 domestic violence cases annually in Poland, of which 56, 000 are treated as family conflicts rather than crimes."
Krystyna credits her interest in human rights to her role in the scouts（童子军）—she leads a Warsaw scout group and created its Facebook page. After she won the prize, she claimed to put the money to good use and was pleased that a spotlight was being shone on the problem of home abuse.
4．What might have inspired Krystyna with the idea?
A．The decreasing domestic violence cases.
B．The French initiative to sell special masks.
C．The urge to win the European Union prize.
D．The advice from a professional psychologist.
5．How can a victim get help from Krystyna's project?
A．By appearing to be shopping online. B．By requesting psychological support.
C．By purchasing a specially-made cream. D．By logging on a fake account to place orders.
6．What can we know about the website mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．Krystyna shared its success on Facebook.
B．A Polish NGO offered financial assistance to it.
C．It classifies domestic violence as family conflicts.
D．Young female victims have benefited most from it.
7．Which of the following words best describe Krystyna?
A．Caring and easy-going. B．Supportive and tolerant.
C．Courageous and humorous. D．Sympathetic and intelligent.
College debt is becoming as much of a problem for Americans close to retirement as it is for new graduates. There are now about 8. 7 million Americans aged over 50 who are still paying off college loans. They took out either to pay for an education for their children or themselves. Their debt is growing fast, increasing by about half since 2017 to a total of $ 370 billion — an average of $ 40,900 per borrower. In2019, roughly $4.9 billion was deducted(扣除) right from retirees' Social Security income.
Part of the blame falls on the federally backed PLUS program, said Tara Siegel Bernard in The New York Times. "Parent PLUS loans", which have few application requirements other than a basic credit check, have broadened access to capital for many parents. But the "loans can be unforgiving". William and Kate Schweizer "didn't want their two daughters to begin their adult lives burdened with college debt". So they borrowed $220,000 for their schooling. Increasingly they had trouble paying. Now their debt has ballooned to $500,000. The consequences of defaulting(拖欠 ) are serious: "The government can take their wages and Social Security."
Unfortunately, President Biden's $6 trillion budget doesn't offer much assistance, said Eric Levitz in NYMag. com. During his campaign, "Biden called for forgiving $10, 000 in federal student loan debt for every borrower" among other ways to ease the college debt burden. But the chances of passing such measures through Congress are slim.
Don't bankrupt yourself for your kids, said Beth Akers in USA Today. The safer option to pay for college is "a student loan taken out in your child's name". A federal student loan — not a private one — can protect borrowers through income-driven repayment programs. There is also a better chance that a loan forgiveness program could materialize to help out student borrowers. And remember that "if you overextend yourself financially to make a college dream come true for your child, you are taking away your ability to be your child's financial backstop."
8．How does the author illustrate his point in Paragraph 1?
A．By listing statistics. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons. D．By using quotes.
9．What is the disadvantage of Parent PLUS loans?
A．They have demanding requirements.
B．They can trap parents in financial crises.
C．They are not enough to cover college costs.
D．They set limits on how much one can borrow.
10．What does Eric Levitz think of President Biden's $ 6 trillion budget?
A．It is flexible. B．It is tight. C．It is beneficial. D．It is impractical.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Americans Are Burdened by College Debt
B．Student Loans: A Stepping Stone to College
C．Lessons in Finance Help Repay Student Loans
D．Debt: College Costs Swallow Retirement Nest Eggs
What is the most shocking about heatwaves is not merely that they have hit a usually temperate area, nor that so many long-standing temperature records are being broken. It is that those records are being broken by such large margins (幅度). In Portland, Oregon, the temperature reached 46.6℃(116℃)— making it one of several cities in the region where previous records have been beaten by a full 5℃(9℃).
Heatwaves may generate headlines, but less attention is paid to them than they deserve. In 2018 roughly 300,000 people over the age of 65 died as a result of extreme heat, a 54% increase since 2000. Unlike storms and floods, heat does not lead to dramatic before-and-after pictures. Its victims are often apparent only when statisticians add up excess deaths and hospital admissions. The fact that as many as 70,000 people died as a result of a heatwave in Europe in 2003, for example, became apparent only in 2008. Heat also worsens conditions such as heart problems, so not all the deaths it causes may be directly attributed to it.
To protect people against extreme heat, governments can set up early-warning systems to alert health workers, shut down schools and suspend outdoor activities. They can provide the public with forecasts of coming heatwaves, explanations of the dangers and detailed advice on what to do. Whatever our strategy, we should get to it, because the prognosis is not good. According to a report by NRDC, the total number of excessive heat days in the United States will increase to more than eight times the baseline level by the end of the century.
The world is, understandably, focused on a different health crisis right now. But heatwaves pose an entirely foreseeable threat in the decades to come. The timing and severity of the coronavirus pandemic(新冠疫情)could not have been foreseen. These other far more predictable and preventable crises are different. There is no excuse for failing to take them more seriously.
12．What is the most surprising about heatwaves?
A．How large the affected regions are.
B．How greatly human health is impacted.
C．How much higher the temperature records go.
D．How many temperature records have been beaten.
13．What can we learn about the heat from Paragraph 2?
A．It is a mild headache. B．It is an underrated problem.
C．It causes apparent destruction. D．It causes widespread concern.
14．What does the underlined word "prognosis" mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Forecast. B．Intention. C．Harvest. D．Response.
15．Why is the coronavirus pandemic mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To warn people of unforeseen health risks.
B．To illustrate how extreme heat threatens us.
C．To stress the necessity of addressing the heat.
D．To draw attention to the severity of health crises.
阅读【福建省泉州市2022届高中毕业班质量检测（一）】
San Francisco Bay Area is a great place to be if you're a sports fan, as you'll find several events all year round and plenty of team pride. If you are anywhere close to the area during a game, these fantastic sports events are here for you.
San Francisco Giants Baseball
The San Francisco Giants baseball team plays in SF at Oracle Park. This is a fun ballpark because it's always packed with great energy and offers views of the bay. It's one of the most popular San Francisco sports events. The Giants are part of the National League West Division. Since their arrival here in 1958, they have been World Series Champions three times.
Golden State Warriors Basketball
The fan base of the Golden State Warriors distributes the whole San Francisco Bay Area as this region's only NBA team. Their regular season runs from late October through mid-April, and all home games are played at the Chase Center in San Francisco. In total, the Warriors has won six NBA championships.
San Francisco 49ers Football
The 49ers are San Francisco's NFL team, though they have recently moved to Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, about an hour south of SF. The football team was named for the prospectors（探矿者）who arrived in the area in 1849 for the Gold Rush. They've won 5 Super Bowl championships, all between 1981 and 1994.
San Jose Sharks Hockey
The San Jose Sharks represent the Bay Area in hockey（冰球）. They were founded in 1991 as the only Bay Area team to compete in the NHL. Sharks fans love going to these San Francisco sports events at the SAP Center, which they call the Shark Tank, located about an hour southeast of SF.
1．Which team once won world championships?
A．The Giants. B．The Golden State Warriors.
C．The 49ers. D．The San Jose Sharks.
2．Which of the following is basketball fans' favourite?
A．The Oracle Park. B．The Chase Center.
C．Levi's Stadium. D．The SAP Center.
3．Who is the text intended for?
A．Tour guides. B．Coaches.
C．Team leaders. D．Sports fans.
Eliana Yi dreamed of 'pursuing piano performance in college, never mind that her fingers could barely reach the length of an octave. Unable to fully play many works by Romantic-era composers including Beethoven and Brahms, she tried anyway—and in her determination to spend hours practicing a Chopin concerto, wound up injuring herself.
The efforts of Professor Carol Leone from the Southern Methodist University(SMU) are changing all that: twenty years ago, the school became the first major university in the U.S, to introduce smaller keyboards into its music program, leveling the playing field for Yi and other piano majors.
Yi, 21, tried one of the smaller keyboards, "I remember being really excited, because my hands could actually reach and play all the right notes," she said.
For decades, few questioned the size of the traditional piano. For those with small hand spans, it's difficult to properly play many works of Beethoven and Brahms. Those who attempt to play them either get used to skipping notes or risk injury with repeated play. Leone is familiar with such challenges. Born into a family of musicians, she favored classical music and pursued piano despite her small hand span and earned a degree as a doctor in musical arts.
The idea of smaller keyboards first met resistance from some traditionalists. Leone also said that when she raised the issue with one Viennese professor, he told her there were already too many pianists anyway.
Though such resistance is fading, there are some very traditional people who think of piano as a competitive thing. Leone said, "This is art, it's not sport. It's about making as much beautiful art as possible, and we should give everybody the opportunity to do that."
4．Why did Eliana Yi find it hard to play a Chopin concerto to well?
A．Her fingers got injured. B．It was time-consuming.
C．Her hand spans were small. D．The traditional piano was out of tune.
5．What is paragraph 4 intended to do?
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs. B．Provide some advice for pianists.
C．Introduce a new topic for discussion. D．Add some background information.
6．What is the Viennese professor's attitude towards smaller keyboards?
A．Unclear B．Objective C．Disapproving. D．Positive.
7．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．A Hard-working SMU Professor B．The Story Behind Smaller Keyboard Pianos
C．Traditional Piano: A Competitive Thing D．Yi's Road to a Brilliant Artist
When I worked on the manufacturing shop（车间）floor, we rarely saw plant managers. Except for one. He often walked through the plant. He checked out product quality. He stopped for a brief word—usually no more than a "hello." He wasn't outgoing. He didn't display any of the qualities typically associated with a "leader." Yet we liked him.
In a 1992 University of Pittsburgh study, researchers had four women attend a number of different classes. Their attendance varied: one woman might attend every class; a different woman might attend only a few. What didn't vary was their behavior. None of the women spoke in class or spoke to other students.
At the end of the term, students were asked which woman they liked best. Who "won"? Women who attended the highest number of classes. According to the researchers, "Mere exposure had weak effects on familiarity, but strong effects on attraction and similarity." Or in non-researcher-speak: If I see you frequently, I naturally like you more. That's the power of showing up.
Knowing someone will show up in the future also matters. In a 1967 University of Minnesota study, researchers gave study participants profiles of two people and told them that one would be a partner in future discussion groups. When asked, the participants said they liked their future partner more. Even though the profiles were almost identical.
Want your team or your customers to like you more? Show up. Drop in. Drop by. Send a brief note. Make a quick phone call. You don't have to say or do much. Then, be consistent in your behavior. In time, people will expect you to drop in or drop by, whether in person or virtually. Anticipating future contact will make them like you more.
8．What does the first paragraph serve as?
A．An introduction. B．A background.
C．A comment. D．An explanation.
9．According to the 1992 study, what helps make a student welcome?
A．Answering questions frequently. B．Greeting others enthusiastically.
C．Behaving more like others. D．Attending classes more often.
10．What did the University of Minnesota study find?
A．Familiarity contributes to likability.
B．Identical behaviours enhance likability.
C．Future partnership increases likability.
D．Virtual contacts benefit likability.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．Power of likability. B．Research on likability.
C．Definition of likability. D．Application of likability.
People today are not unfamiliar with term such as "going eco-friendly" and "sustainable lifestyle". However, there exists a group of sceptics（怀疑论者）who believe that going eco-friendly is merely a fad（一时的风尚）. I disagree with this viewpoint, Going eco-friendly is not merely a fad and it does, in fact, change the beliefs and attitudes of people.
The long-term presence of environmental organisations shows the efforts that people have made towards going eco-friendly. Organisations such as World Wildlife Fund advocate people to go eco-friendly. The high involvement of the organisations and the participants is thus a strong indicator that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad but a trend that can last decades.
Another strong indicator is the emergence of sustainable products in many industries, such as organic produce and electric vehicles. The consumer demand, coupled with eco-conscious（环保意识的）businesses, is behind the sharp increase in such products. This shows a shift in the beliefs and attitudes of people towards adopting a sustainable lifestyle. Thus, it seems quite certain that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad.
While some people who broadcast their eco-friendly practices are criticised for just hoping to project an eco-conscious image, there are a number of celebrities who have been practising the zero-waste lifestyle for years. For those who do so for years, and not mere days or months, it is indeed a commitment that can only come with a true change in beliefs and attitudes towards caring for the earth.
The call to save the earth looks set to stay. With the development of technology and the appearance of many platforms advocating going green, people are more willing to change their beliefs and attitudes when they can learn about and appreciate the positive impact of the work of different environmental organisations and individuals. It is hoped that these effects will go a long way in ensuring that our planet will remain a suitable place to live in.
12．Why does the author mention World Wildlife Fund?
A．To appreciate its environmental efforts.
B．To encourage people to go eco-friendly.
C．To evidence the universal recognition of going green.
D．To highlight the difficulty in changing people's attitudes.
13．What does the underlined word "emergence" mean in paragraph 3?
A．Sudden disappearance. B．Sharp increase.
C．Gradual development. D．Limited application.
14．What does the author expect of technology development?
A．It may discourage people from sustainable lifestyle.
B．It may boost the business of organic produce.
C．It will be used to project an eco-conscious image.
D．It will promote environmental awareness.
15．What is the author's purpose in writing this text?
A．To prove going eco-friendly a lasting trend.
B．To popularize the eco-friendly products.
C．To offer strategies to go eco-friendly.
D．To advertise for eco-friendly platforms.
阅读【江苏省南京市第一中学2021-2022学年高三上学期期初考试】
Humpback Whales
Humpback whales are sometimes calledperformers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements whenthey dive.The name“humpback”, which isthe common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale'sback forms as it dives.
Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantasticmovement known as a breach.During breaching the whale uses its powerful tailflukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out likewings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.
A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of thewater through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head.It blowsa double stream of water that can rise up to 4 metres above the water.
The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towardsthe tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.Other distinguishingfeatures include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the bodylength, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tailflukes.These markings are like finger prints: no two are the same.
Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicatewith each other through complex “songs”.
Quick Facts
Size:
14m-18m in length;
30-50 tons in weight
Living
Open ocean and shallow coastline waters
Environment
From warm tropical waters, where they breed, to  cold polar waters,
where they eat
Diet:
Shellfish, plants and fish of small size
Hunting:
Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a  circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of  fish.The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.
Current state:
Endangered: it is estimated that there are about  5000-7500 humpback whales worldwide

1．According to Quick Facts, ahumpback whale _____.
A．cannot survive in waters near the shore
B．doesn't live in the same waters all the time
C．lives mainly on underwater plants
D．prefers to work alone when hunting food
2．To make a breach, a humpback whale must _____.
A．use its tail flukes to leap out of the water
B．twist its body sideways to jump high
C．blow two streams of water
D．communicate with a group of humpbacks
3．From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale _____.
A．has its unique markings on its tail flukes
B．has black and white fingerprints
C．gets its name from the way it hunts
D．is a great performer due to its songs
Alfred Nobel, the Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature; an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a very simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover for mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He invented a new explosive bomb to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it was used as a weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. During his useful life, he often felt he was useless. "Alfred Nobel," he once wrote of himself, "ought to have been put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, with a cry, he entered life." World-famous for his works, he was never personally well-known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. "1 do not see," he once said, "that I have deserved any fame and I have no taste for it." But since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.
He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833, but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented the landmine and made a lot of money from government orders during the Crimean War, but went bankrupt soon after. Most of the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred rejoined them in 1863, beginning his own study of bombs in his father's laboratory. He had never been to school or university but had studied privately. And by the time he was twenty, he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.
But Nobel’s main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Perhaps he could not find ordinary human love---he never married---he came to care deeply about the whole of mankind. He was always generous to the poor: “I'd rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone materials.” he once said. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so, the man who felt he should have died at birth is remembered and respected long after his death.
4．The reason why Alfred Nobel invented the bomb is to ________.
A．get government orders during the Crimean War
B．protect the country from being invaded
C．mine and build roads
D．open new companies in other countries
5．What was Alfred Nobel searching for in the long course of his life?
A．Fame and wealth B．A meaning to life.
C．How to end the war. D．The peace between nations.
6．What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A．We should honor the dead in some other way rather than by building stone monuments for them.
B．Rather than spend money and make efforts in building monuments in memory of the dead, we should do something to provide more food for the living.
C．When we are planning to build monuments to honor the dead, we should also make real efforts to provide the living with more food.
D．Living with honor comes more important than death with dignity.
7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A．In leaving behind a well-meant will, Alfred Nobel succeeded in building a permanent monument for his interests and ideals.
B．Alfred Nobel made a glorious will so that he might be remembered and respected after his death.
C．In his famous will, Alfred Nobel expressed his wish that a monument should be put up in memory of him as a scientist and inventor.
D．According to his will, Nobel Prizes are given to those who did outstanding work in fields of Physics, Chemistry, Psychology, Medicine, Literature and Peace.
If all goes well, a balloonwill soon rise from Esrange Space Center in Kiruna, Sweden. It will float highinto the upper atmosphere and then return to Earth. However, environmentalists have arrived to stop this from happening.
The campaigners are against the balloon because of what occurs in flight. The balloon will shoot dust into the Earths upper atmosphere, causing more sunlight to reflect back into space. The dust, known as stratospheric aerosolinjection(SAI), is part of a solar geoengineering (地球工程) program named SCoPex which is being conducted by Harvard University. The aim of the program is to purposely change the Earth's atmosphere to fight climate change.
Those who oppose worry about two things. Firstly, the moral risk-if solar geoengineering works, talks on reducing greenhouse gases will be challenged. The second concern is the amount of SAI in the atmosphere. To keep temperatures low, the need of the reflective dust tobel released high above Earth will be endless, and a sudden stop could result in rapid warming. Raymond Pierrehumbert, a physicist at Oxford University, says solar geoengineering is even tool risky to research beyond computer models.
Not all environmentalists are opposed to it. Since the world is unlikely to achieve the 1. 5 ℃ global warming target set in the Paris Agreement, some green organizations favour small-sized geoengineering research.
Regardless of the criticism, the research continues. Geoengineering is increasingly gaining international attention. A recent report about climate change suggested that SAI could help keep warming below 1. 5℃. The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine in the USA has developed a research plan for solar geoengineering and received governmental funding totaling $9 million. Both China and India have also launched research programmes of their own. Activists may oppose the experiments, but balloons will likely fly anyway.
8．What is the function of SAI?
A．To attract dust. B．To throw sunlight back.
C．To absorb heat. D．To fight against pollution.
9．Why does Raymond Pierrehumbert say geoengineering is risky?
A．It may change computer models.
B．It may produce too much dust.
C．It may release greenhouse gases.
D．It may worsen global warming.
10．How do some people expect geoengineering research to be done?
A．To a limited degree.
B．At a lower temperature.
C．By green organizations.
D．Without international attention.
11．Which of the following can be inferred?
A．Voices of environmentalists are ignored.
B．More support is going to geoengineering.
C．Global warming is getting worse in Sweden.
D．Geoengineering has proved effective in India.
On May 1, 1926, Ford Motor Company became one of the first American companies to adopt a five-day, 40-hour week. It was something workers and labor unions had been calling for. However, the five-day workweek was to increase productivity. With more time and money, workers were expected to buy and use the products they were making. Manufacturers soon followed Ford’s lead, and the Monday-to-Friday workweek became standard practice.
Since then, everything has changed but the hours. Many people worked longer, which severely influenced health and well-being, as well as the environment. Until the Second World War, it was common for one person in a family, usually the oldest male, to work full-time. Women gradually made up 42 percent of the world’s full-time workforce. Later, technology made lots of work unnecessary, with computers and robots doing many tasks previously performed by humans.
Well into the 21st century, we continue to work the same long hours as 20th century laborers, using up more of Earth’s supply to produce more goods that we must keep working to buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle of hard work and consumption. It’s time to pause and consider better ways to live like shifting from fossil-fueled lifestyles with which our consumer-based workweeks are connected.
The UK New Economics Foundation argues that a standard 21-hour workweek would address a number of interconnected problems: overwork, unemployment, over-consumption, high carbon emissions, low well-being, and the lack of time to live sustainably, to care for each other, and simply to enjoy life. Economic systems that require constant growth on a finite (有限的) planet make no sense. It’s time for a change in our economic thinking.
12．Why did Henry Ford shorten the workweek?
A．To increase efficiency.
B．To cut workers’ salaries.
C．To end conflicts with workers.
D．To create more job opportunities.
13．What happened in the workforce after World War II?
A．The oldest male had to work longer.
B．Technology let people work more flexibly.
C．Job positions were created due to technology.
D．Full-time vacancies were filled by more women.
14．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A．Companies shouldn’t produce more than people can use.
B．The 21st century has witnessed the longest working hours.
C．The cycle of longer workweek and consumption should be changed.
D．Longer workweek definitely leads to stronger consumption capability.
15．Which would be possible if a 21-hour workweek should be adopted?
A．Companies would be closed down.
B．Economic growth would be stopped.
C．Economic systems would break down.
D．People would be encouraged to enjoy life.
阅读【广东省深圳市七校联合体2022届高三第一次联考试卷8月】
Four of the Best Exhibitions to Visit
Image of the West
Illustrations for different reading materials, such as books and magazines, help readers of many ages better understand the content. Meanwhile they also stand alone as quality works of art for fine techniques and colors. Image of the West, an illustration exhibition until July 28, gathers such works by famous artists in Europe and the United States. Reservation is required.
Open on July 12-17. 2021. 10 am-5 pm.
Closed on Mondays.
Tsinghua University Art Museum, Haidian district. 010-62781012.
Tibetan Art Exhibition
The Yan Huang Ant Museum is shoving its collection of folk art objects, including embroidered textile pieces (绣制的纺织品)made by housewives and paper-cuttings by well-known folk artists across the nation. The exhibition through August 1 shows the bold folk art and the profound cultural meanings being implied.
Open on July 15, 2021. 10 am-6 pm.
Closed on July 12.
9 Huizhonglu, Yayuncun, Chaoyang District. 010-64912902.
Lacquer Art Show
An exhibition now at the Zhejiang Provincial Museum until Oct 23, 2022, reviews the glory of lacquer art (漆艺)in ancient China, showing some 87 fine objects in the museum collection dated between the Song（960-1279）and Qing（1644-1911）dynasties. Come and book before availability.
Open on July 12, 2021. 1-5 pm.
Closed on Mondays.
Zhejiang Provincial Museum, 25 Gushan Lu, Hangzhou. 0571-86013085.
The Lasting Charm of Cultural Relics
This exhibition at Sichuan Museum examines the long-standing influence of the exchanges between different civillzations which were promoted by the ancient Silk Road. The exhibition through August 20 uses nearly 300 artifacts to reflect the diversity and dynamics of these cultures.
Open on July 11, 2021. 9 am-l pm.
251 Huanhua Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan province. 028-65521888.
1．What is special about the Image of the West exhibition?
A．It needs booking in advance.
B．It's an exhibition of illustrations.
C．It provides works created by folk artists
D．Its exhibits have a history of over 300 years
2．What do Tibetan Art Exhibition and Lacquer Art Show have in common?
A．They open for a whole day B．They will be closed in 2021
C．The artworks are typically Chinese. D．The fine objects are world famous.
3．Which exhibition displays ancient works of different cultures?
A．Image of the West B．Lacquer Art Show
C．Tibetan Folk Art Exhibition D．The Lasting Charm of Cultural Relics
When you feel thankful for things you've received or something that's happened, that's gratitude. Gratitude is how you relate to others, when you see yourself in connection with things larger than yourself.
Last year, I felt compelled（强迫的）to bake cookies for complete strangers to say 'thank you'. However, what occurred later changed my view about it. One day, I'd had to call 999 because I found my partner unconscious on the floor. Within minutes, a police car and an ambulance arrived, filled with first responders who took my partner away to the nearest hospital, where he received the critical care he needed.
A week later, still impressed by the kindness of strangers, I wrote thank-you notes to those helpful first responders and baked for them. It was a small gesture with a big impact…When I dropped off still-warm cookies at the police and fire stations, they thanked me for delivering gifts. Thanking me? All I'd done was bake; they'd saved a life.
I drove away feeling light and happy, partly because I'd done a good deed, but mostly because I was amazed that there are great people who do life-saving work and expect nothing in return.
Later, I realized that my natural high might have been more than it seemed. Sharing thoughts of gratitude and performing acts of kindness can boost your mood. Gratitude really does have an impact on happiness, which increases life satisfaction. I am the one who indeed benefits from expressing thanks. Then why not thank others?
4．What changed the author's view last year?
A．The stranger's gifts. B．The doctors' critical care.
C．My partner's thank-you notes D．The police's thanks for my cookies
5．Which word can describe the author's feeling in Paragraph 3?
A．Proud. B．Doubtful. C．Unexpected D．Relieved.
6．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest
A．The writer was extremely excited. B．The writer couldn't control herself.
C．The writer looked taller than before D．The writer thought highly of the nature.
7．Which of the following may the writer agree with?
A．You reap what you sow. B．Roses given, fragrance in hand
C．God helps those who help themselves D．With a grateful heart, life will be better.
Like so many of our regular habits, the routine of our morning make-up may have changed since last year. A daily shave, applying a full face of make-up, soaking yourself in your favorite scent, or working on the decorations through your hair might feel a little over the top for those living under strict lockdown.
But beauty isn't just about looking good; it's also about feeling good. A recent report by consulting firm McKinsey & Company found that we' re buying more products that support our need for simple pleasures.
Last year saw lots of ups and downs of beauty sales worldwide. In China, February sales were down 80% from 2019, but by the next month sales were only down by 20%-a fairly remarkable bounce back given these unprecedented（空前的）circumstances. In the US, Amazon sales nail-care and hair dye products were up 218% and 172% respectively.
Despite these increases, the McKinsey report shows we're still currently spending less across the board on beauty due. Obviously, with very few hair or beauty salons open anywhere, more people had to DIY their own beauty treatments; and the impact that the coronavirus crisis has had on jobs and income has also made us less confident shoppers.
Early reports from Asia suggest the beauty market could be very resilient. For example, in 2001, the term "Lipstick Index" was coined in response to the rise in lipstick sales one month after 9/11. Even during the most difficult and uncertain times, little beauty products, though not cheap indeed, find their way into our shopping baskets. This is because beauty is a consumer market full of choices, and therefore more affordable: instead of an expensive handbag or dress, you can own just a small nail polish or lipstick. Without going out often, treating yourself to a face cream or some bath salts can lighten up our lives at home.
Now, wearing a face mask in public is far more common in cities around the world. Chinese online retail giant Alibaba reported that eye cosmetics sales were up 150%. Is it time for the "Mascara（睫毛膏）Index"?
8．What is the purpose of writing paragraph 1?
A．To describe a scene. B．To introduce a topic.
C．To give instructions on make-up. D．To provide background information.
9．Which of the following contributes to the increases in beauty sales of 2020?
A．Government's lockdown policy B．The increase in people's salaries.
C．People's obsession with beauty products. D．The sales promotion from the beauty industry.
10．What docs the underlined word “resilient" mean in paragraph 5?
A．Able to grow. B．Ready to fight back.
C．Staying tough in hard time. D．Returning to the same track.
11．What might be best title for the text?
A．The Beauty Industry Comes Back B．The Pursuit of Beauty Never Stops
C．Lost-crisis Economy in Beauty Industry D．Self-comfort Measures During Lockdown
Shetara Sims had weathered some tough years. In 2012, her eldest daughter died from a car accident in Kansas City, Missouri. Last year, the single mother lost her job because of the economic depression. She had only $7 in her pocket as she headed into the grocery store one day last July with her 12-year-old daughter, Rakiya Edmondson.
And then Lady Luck cut them some slack. Sims and her daughter found a dollar bill in the parking lot. Maybe this was their day, they told each other. So, they bought a lottery ticket—and won $100.
But before they could spend their bonus, Rakiya had an idea. The news in Kansas City that week had been filled with stories about a police officer, Tyler Moss, who had been seriously injured in the line of duty. He was in critical condition Rakiya and her mother had never forgotten how kind the police had been after their own family member died. "The police were really there for us," Sims says. "They came to see my kids. They were fathers, friends, and therapists." Rakiya wanted to give their lottery winnings to Officer Moss's family. Her mom readily agreed.
On July 10, Sims called the police and made an unidentified donation. Moved by her generous expression of thanks the officers did what they could do best—they tracked Sims down. When she explained the family's motivation, the officers could hardly believe it. "With her current financial hardship, we encouraged her to keep the money," the department later explained. "She refused, saying the officer's family needed it and police needed to know they were supported."
By then, that feeling of support was shared. The police set up a GoFundMe page for Sims, whom they described as “The Woman with the Heart of Gold." Their goal was $10,000. As of January 11, 2021, they had received $165,405. Ever better: Officer Moss, who had a 1 percent chance of survival, is out of the hospital and recovering.
12．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Giving them up B．Doing them a favor.
C．Ridding them of debt. D．Inspiring them with an idea.
13．Why did Sims and her daughter make the donation?
A．To extend thanks to the police B．To make a name on the Internet.
C．To get additional financial support. D．To set up a fund for the officer Moss.
14．How did the police help Sims finally?
A．They raised money for her. B．They bought lottery for her.
C．They provided medical care D．They saved her eldest daughter.
15．What can we learn from Sims' story?
A．Hardship makes a man wise. B．Don't judge a book by its cover.
C．One good tum deserves another. D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
阅读【广东省新高考2022届新高三省级8月份摸底联考】
For adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D), along with diet and exercise,once-daily RYBELSUs can help lower blood sugar
Wake Up to the Possibilities of Reaching Your A1C Goal

lf qualified, you may pay as little as $10 for a30-day prescription
Text RESULTS to 44535to learn more about
RYBELSUS

RYBELSUS is proven to lower blood sugar and A1C

RYBELSUS may help you lose some weight

RYBELSUS does not increase the risk of major cardiovascular (CV) events such as heart attack, stroke, or death

In a 6-month study of people with an average starting A1C of 8%, the majority of people taking RYBELSUS reached an A1C of less than 7%:
·Nearly 7 out of 10 people on7 mg of RYBELSUs
·Nearly 8 out of 10 people on14 mg of RYBELSUS
·About 3 out of 10 people on a sugar pill
While not for weight loss, in the same 6-monthstudy, people with an average starting weight of 195 pounds lost up to8 pounds:
* 5 pounds on 7 mg of RYBELSUS
* 8 pounds on l4 mg of RYBELSUS
* 3 pounds on a sugar pill
While many people in medical studies lost weight, some did gain weight.
In a 6-month study looking at A1C with703 adults with T2D comparing 7 mg RYBELSUS and 14 mg RYBELSUs with a sugar pill when both were added to diet and exercise.
In a cardiovascular safety study, 3183adults with T2D and a high risk of CV events were treated with either 14 mg RYBELSUS or a sugar pill in addition to their usual diabetes and CV medications.


1．Which of the following can help people with diabetes lower A1C significantly?
A．Taking 6 mg of RYBELSUS. B．Taking 7 mg of RYBELSUS.
C．Taking 14 mg of RYBELSUS. D．Taking a sugar pill.
2．What can we learn from the information?
A．For adults with type 2 diabetes, once-daily RYBELSUS can certainly lower blood sugar.
B．You pay as little as $10 for a 30-day prescription.
C．You can lose weight if you take RYBELSUS.
D．RYBELSUS does not raise the risk of stroke.
3．You can most probably read this from ________.
A．a comic book B．a science fiction C．a novel D．a magazine
When Ariel Cordova-Rojas rode her bike to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens, New York, last November, she planned to go hiking and birdwatching. Bingo! A mile into her walk, she spotted a gorgeous female mute swan near the water's edge. Cordova-Rojas, 30, who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund rehabilitation center in Manhattan, knew that mute swans can be aggressive. But as she approached this one, it didn't move. She was certain that the bird needed medical attention. Cordova-Rojas draped her jacket over the bird's head to keep it calm, gingerly picked it up, and cradled it in her arms. And then a thought struck her: What do I do now?
Her best bet was the rehab center, but that was across the East River and clear on the other side of town. How was she going to transport a 17-pound swan on her bike all that way? Luckily, some bemused strangers driving by offered her, her bike, and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station.
On the subway, no one seemed particularly fazed by the feathered passenger. One guy, says Cordova-Rojas, was “sitting right in front of me on his phone. I don't know if he noticed there was a swan in front of him.”
Cordova-Rojas called the rehab center enroute, and Tristan Higginbotham, an animal-care man-ager, picked her up at the subway station and drove bird, bike, and rescuer to the facility. There, staff members determined that the swan might have lead poisoning, caused by ingesting weights used on fishing lines.
The staff got the swan back up on her webbed feet. She even made a boyfriend at the center—another injured swan. Sadly, even with all that 'TLC, the swan contracted a bacterial infection. Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her rescue, she passed away.
It is a disappointing ending, but the real story is just how far some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city—literally. In all, Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot, car, and subway (while hauling her bike). Says Higginbotham, “That's the perfect summary of who she is.”
4．Which statement mentioned in the 1st paragraph is correct?
A．The mute swan was aggressive.
B．Ariel Cordova-Rojas had planned to save the swan.
C．The swan was dumb.
D．Ariel Cordova-Rojas worked in Wild Animal Fund rehabilitation center in Manhattan.
5．What was the possible reason why the swan was injured?
A．She was attacked by the hunter. B．She swallowed some kind of metal.
C．She was hurt by her boyfriend. D．She was poisoned by the fishman on purpose.
6．Which of the following can be used to describe Cordova-Rojas?
A．Honest and responsible. B．Determined and caring.
C．Ambitious and sensitive. D．Patient and single-minded.
7．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To call on people to help the injured swan.
B．To show the importance of help.
C．To think highly of Cordova-Rojas.
D．To encourage people to share their stories with others.
Creating devices that are better for the environment may involve working up a good sweat. That's because engineers are using sweat to make systems that store energy. One such device is a type of capacitor. It is powered by sweat and can be used to charge a device. Researchers at the University of Glasgow in Scotland developed the device. A capacitor is an electrical component that stores energy physically, in a form very much like static electricity. ( In contrast, batteries store energy chemically. )
The system recently developed is a supercapacitor. This is a capacitor with two conducting sur-faces on which a charge of energy is stored. The energy it stores can be used later. The energy could power an LED light or a type of electronic. Researchers described their new model May 11, 2020 in a scientific journal. The findings are exciting because devices powered by sweat could pave the way to wearable tech that is both safer and better for the environment. Today's wearable electronics include gadgets strapped to the body, such as watches and fitness trackers. However, engineers are also creating electronics that are part of clothing or stuck onto the skin.
Batteries power most wearable devices today. Yet those batteries often contain chemicals that can harm the environment. That's where the idea of using a bodily fluid comes into play. Electrolytes（电解质） are minerals in your body that have an electric charge. With the device, the sweat serves as the electrolyte. “That's kind of a new way of using sweat,” observes Mallika Bariya. She is a scientist at the University of California, Berkeley. She did not take part in the new study. She says electrolytes are an important part of these supercapacitors. They're needed for these devices to provide power. Sweat is interesting, not gross, she argues. It can tell you about someone's health. Also, the chemical makeup of sweat can change depending on what part of the body makes it.
8．How does a supercapacitor work?
A．It contains batteries that store energy chemically which could be used later to charge a device.
B．It contains batteries that store energy physically which could be used later to charge a device.
C．It is powered by sweat and store energy chemically which could be used later to charge a device.
D．It is powered by sweat and store energy physically which could be used later to charge a device.
9．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?
A．A supercapacitor powered by sweat could charge wearable tech.
B．Wearable tech is safer and better for the environment.
C．A supercapacitor works with two conducting surfaces on which a charge of energy is stored.
D．Engineers are creating different electronics that are tied to the body with a strap.
10．In what way does sweat replace harmful battery chemicals?
A．The sweat reacts with the chemicals and stores energy.
B．The sweat is mixed with electrolytes and changes its chemical makeup.
C．The sweat gets rid of some harmful chemicals.
D．The sweat contains minerals called electrolytes that have an electric charge.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Electrolytes play an important part in storing energy
B．Working up a sweat may one day power up a device
C．Supercapacitors are better for the environment
D．Batteries that power devices can harm the environment
Astronauts get to experience many interesting attractions. When astronauts go to space, they can become weightless. They get to see Earth as a little blue dot. Astronauts get to experience shooting up into space at 20,000 miles per hour. That is more than three times faster than an airplane. Still, food is not one of the interesting parts of being an astronaut. Space travelers have had to eat strange foods. One example is liquid salt and pepper. They have also had to eat dried shrimp cocktail. The astronauts add water to it to make it a liquid again before eating.
However, the menu for astronauts is going to grow. Scientists have been growing lettuce in outer space. The lettuce is just as safe, nutritious and tasty as lettuce grown on Earth. Gioia Massa works at the NASA Kennedy Space Center in Florida. She is the lead scientist on the lettuce growing project. She said that growing food in space could be pivotal for astronauts on long missions. Massa says that today's space food may not work for these longer missions. This packaged food is stored for a longtime. The quality and taste of the food goes down. In addition, the vitamins in the food start to breakdown. Massa says the astronauts may not get enough nutrition from these foods during long missions.
She also added that there could be another benefit to growing food in space. Looking after plants could help astronauts emotionally. Space food has improved in recent years. Many astronauts visit the International Space Station (ISS). It is a research station in outer space. Anything sent to ISS has to score at least a 6 out of 9 on a taste test. Even so, astronauts can grow tired of eating the same old vacuum-packed meals. Massa says many of the astronauts end up losing weight.
The space-grown lettuce was similar to Earth-grown lettuce. In fact, some of the space-grown plants had more nutrients than Earth-grown lettuce. The space lettuce also had higher levels of bacteria. This was possibly because the lettuce grew in a warmer, more humid system. However, none of this bacteria was dangerous.
12．Why does the author mention some strange foods space travelers have had to eat?
A．To draw a conclusion. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To attract readers' attention. D．To give explanations.
13．What does the underlined word “pivotal” mean in the second paragraph?
A．adventurous B．negative C．crucial D．possible
14．Which of the following may not be the one that Massa probably agrees?
A．Astronauts get enough nutrition from growing food in space.
B．Growing food in space gives astronauts a more varied diet.
C．Astronauts get help emotionally by looking after plants in space.
D．Astronauts never grow tired of eating the same old packaged food.
15．What may happen in the following days according to the text?
A．More and more astronauts will end up losing weight.
B．It will not be a long time before astronauts can cook these ingredients.
C．NASA plans to grow other produce on the ISS.
D．More vacuum-packed meals will be sent to ISS to keep astronauts from getting sick.
阅读【辽宁省铁岭市2022届高三上学期开学考试】
Our tiny boat was ploughing through (费力穿过) the waves across the Indian Ocean and I was absolutely freezing.The further we got from the shelter of the land, the more I thought how foolish I'd been to come along on this trip.
The pilot of the boat looked almost 60 but, perhaps because of a lifetime on the open sea in the hot sun, was very fit and strong.I was wondering how he managed to find his way.To me, it seemed difficult enough to navigate a boat without any electronic equipment even on a sunny day.
So at least we were safe.But this was not what we had come along for.A look at the other divers' faces suggested that now they were also doubtful that we'd ever get the chance to see a whale shark — these weather conditions were totally unsuitable for diving! None of us spoke.It seemed too much of an effort.Then suddenly the boatman stopped the engine.He said a few words in his own language to the diving instructor, who immediately jumped up from his seat and told us to get ready to dive.
When I jumped into the grey sea, I was sure I wouldn't see anything.But then ...there it was! An enormous whale shark, slowly swimming through the water.I couldn't believe my eyes — my first whale shark! I hardly dared breathe — I was afraid my streams of bubbles (气泡)  might scare the huge creature away.And the other divers were equally awed.Slowly we approached this huge animal.It was swimming quite slowly and we were able to swim with it, looking at the beautiful markings on its back.I was still holding my breath, telling myself that this huge fish was harmless! Then I reached out and touched it, stroking  (轻抚) its thick skin.It was amazing how this giant suddenly gained speed — we watched it as it swam away from us, and a few moments later it was gone.
1．While riding a tiny boat across the Indian Ocean, the author _____.
A．volunteered to act as a pilot
B．felt regret about his decision
C．enjoyed the beautiful sunshine
D．talked with other people happily
2．The author probably wanted to know how the boatman _____.
A．kept fit in his spare time
B．spent his life on the boat
C．navigated his boat at sea
D．communicated with others
3．What was the purpose of the author's trip?
A．To see a whale shark.
B．To learn how to dive.
C．To swim the Indian Ocean.
D．To save underwater creatures.
4．How did the author feel after he jumped into the sea?
A．Rather anxious and angry.
B．A little scared but excited.
C．Doubtful and disappointed.
D．A bit tired but later relaxed.
History tells us that footwear was one of the first things ancient people learned to make. Footwear helped them across rocky paths or hot sands without injuring themselves. The earliest footwear we know of was simply a piece of plaited (编织的) grass or leather tied to the feet.
The ancient Egyptians seem to have invented the first footwear with a firm sole (鞋底) — sandals. Egyptian royalty usually wore sandals that had a different style from those with lower status (身份), while slaves were not allowed to wear anything on their feet. The sandal is still the basic form of footwear in many countries, particularly those with a hot climate, whereas in cold climates, an entirely different type of shoe appeared — the moccasin — a slipper-shaped shoe made of soft but strong leather.
The Greeks were the first to develop shoes with heels (鞋跟). Then, in the Middle Ages, shoes with long points at the toe became very chic for the nobility. These shoes were often very difficult to wear. Other trends followed, with square-toed shoes, wide shoes, and even shoes that could make a woman stand two feet taller. Not surprisingly, these sometimes led to accidents. Even today, fashion rather than comfort often leads to the kind of shoes women wear.
Mechanical shoemaking appeared in the 1800s in North America. Until then, shoes had been made with the same kinds of hand tools used by the ancient Egyptians. And in 1858, a machine was invented that could stitch (缝合) the sole of a shoe to the upper part. Now it was possible to make shoes that were shaped to fit either the left or right foot. Toward the end of the 1800s came a new type of shoe that was specifically designed for sports — the sneaker — and it soon become an all-time favorite.
5．What did shoes often show in ancient times?
A．The rich resources. B．People's different beliefs.
C．People's status in society. D．The changeable climates.
6．What does the underlined word “chic” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Valuable. B．Convenient.
C．Fashionable. D．Comfortable.
7．Before mechanical shoemaking appeared, _____.
A．shoes were often very difficult for people to wear.
B．all the shoe patterns made by the Greeks were the same.
C．the only function of footwear was to protect people's feet.
D．people wore the same-shaped shoes on their two feet
8．How does the text mainly develop?
A．By providing examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the order of time. D．By following the order of importance.
The coffee giant Starbucks is once again a popular search on the internet, and there are people who think that coffee is now replacing tea as the most popular drink in China.But, is that really so?
Starbucks opened its biggest café shop in the world in Shanghai this Wednesday.The coffee giant says this will not only give customers the usual great coffee, but also give them the full experience of how the magical coffee beans get roasted to become those wonderful drops that make up your favorite drinks.It is like the Willy Wonka factory for coffee lovers.The company is expanding aggressively, and opening a new store every 15 hours on average in China.
China has very rich and splendid tea culture.What seems like the most enjoyable thing is to drink a cup of tea on a quiet day that is full of "Zen" spirit. But the fast-pace of life sometimes doesn't allow that. So there are tea shop owners locating their shops in the downtown area in order to provide quick service for customers. Take Heytea for example. It's one of the most highly rated tea shops and it has now opened several new branches in the business areas of big cities like Beijing. Waiting in lines for longer than one hour is common.China's consumption of tea is immeasurable. According to a research of USC Institute, in China, the average person consumes 400 cups of tea per year.
So it is unlikely that coffee can replace tea as the country's main drink any time soon.The expanding coffee shops are not there to replace tea, but to provide people with another choice that they can use to enjoy life.
9．Which of the following statements is correct about Starbucks?
A．The shop opened in Shanghai simply works as a drinking place.
B．Starbucks can only be seen in the downtown area of a city.
C．Starbucks holds a certain share of Chinese drinking market.
D．Starbucks supplies the world with the best-tasting coffee.
10．What can be concluded from the third paragraph?
A．Tea culture is rooted in the hearts of Chinese citizens.
B．The enjoyment of tea drinking can only be experienced in a quiet place.
C．Tea consumption holds the largest share of world drinking market.
D．The fast pace of modern life makes tea drinking no longer pleasant in China.
11．What is the author’s attitude to coffee and tea in China?
A．Tea may bring more pleasure to Chinese citizens’ life.
B．Coffee will replace tea in Chinese drinking market.
C．Both coffee and tea will make people’s life enjoyable.
D．Coffee and tea gain the same popularity in China.
Children think other youngsters who wear glasses look smarter and are more honest than those who don't wear glasses, according to a U.S. study of 80 children. In addition, the researchers found that children seldom judge peers wearing glasses in terms of appearance.
The study included 42 girls and 38 boys, aged 6 to 10.Of those, 30 wore glasses, 34 had at least one classmate with glasses, and almost two-thirds had at least one parent who wore glasses. The study participants were shown 24 pairs of pictures of children. The children in each pair of pictures differed by gender and race, and each pair of pictures included one child with glasses and one child without glasses. The children were asked a series of questions about each pair of photos. About two-thirds said children wearing glasses looked smarter than those without glasses, and 57 percent said children wearing glasses looked more honest.
These findings may help comfort children as they're fitted for their first pair of glasses, lead author Jeffrey Walline, an assistant professor of optometry at Ohio State University, suggested in a prepared statement. "If the impression of looking smarter will appeal to a child, I would use that information and tell the child it is based on research. Most kids getting glasses for the first time are sensitive about how they're going to look. Some kids simply refuse to wear glasses, because they think they'll look ugly," Walline said.
12．What impression may a youngster wearing a pair of glasses leave on his classmate?
A．Ugly. B．Easygoing. C．Dynamic. D．Intelligent.
13．Which of the following is correct about the participants of the study?
A．Most of them wore glasses at an early age.
B．Most of them had one family member wearing glasses.
C．They observed children of different ages in each picture.
D．They were required to answer the same questions.
14．Why may the result of the study comfort the children first wearing glasses?
A．Because the study is carried out in a scientific way.
B．Because it convinces them of the necessity of wearing glasses.
C．Because it may help remove all their initial worries.
D．Because the children do care about being smarter.
15．What is the best title of this article?
A．Wearing Glasses, Smarter Looking. B．Wearing Glasses, More Intelligent.
C．Concerns on Wearing Glasses. D．Wearing Glasses, a New Trend.
阅读【广东省广州市省实、执信、广雅、六中2022届高三上学期8月四校联考】
4 Popular Places to Go This Winter
Harbin, China
China Harbin’s winter is for the brave ones—the average temperature is 1.8°F- but those who brave the cold will be rewarded with experiencing one of the world’s largest winter festivals. 2021 marks the 37th Harbin International Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival (January-March), when massive frozen structures rise and are lit up, transforming the city into a winter wonderland.
Lyon, France
Paris may be called The City of Light,but every December, light takes center stage in Lyon, France’s third-largest city. That’s when the annual Festival of Lights (around December 8) takes over, with light installations (装置)that transform the city’s streetscapes into modern works of art. The city is also home to two Christmas markets (one in La Croix-Rousse; the other at the Place Carnot; through December 25).
Lima, Peru
Peru’s capital Lima is home to the world’s highest number of cooking schools per person. Aside from its delicate dining, the city also has great cocktail bars where you can taste classic or contemporary takes on the Pisco Sour.Combine that with the oceanfront setting and temperatures in the 80s, and you’ll understand why Lima should no longer be ignored this winter.
Vermont, US
Winter in Vermont means skiing and snowboarding, Many resorts (度假胜地)have greatly upgraded their snowmaking abilities as part of a $15 million statewide program that replaced many outdated snow guns with new, low-energy models.These new machines will also improve the quality of snow surfaces and lengthen the season, meaning this will be one of the best winters for skiing and riding in Vermont in recent memory.
1．What similarities do the first two places have?
A．They are decorated with lights. B．They offer snow sculptures.
C．They have three-day festivals. D．They are extremely cold.
2．Which provides a good chance to buy a Christmas gift?
A．Harbin. B．Lyon. C．Lima. D．Vermont.
3．What’s new to the resorts in Vermont?
A．Skiing and snowboarding. B．A longer winter.
C．Cooking schools. D．Updated equipment.
I’ve worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer since I graduated from high school, but making the transition (转变) between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier. For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be uncivilized, getting to a factory by 6 o’clock each morning is torture.My friends never seem to understand why I’m so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.
There’re few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge. In fact, all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant,which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.
The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear overnight.Issues like downsizing (裁员) and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico, where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
After working 12-hour shifts in a factory, the other options have become only too clear. When I’m back at the university, skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school. All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale now ring true.
These lessons I’m learning, however valuable, are always tinged (带有) with sense of guilt. Many people pass their lives in the places where I briefly work, spending 30 years where I spend only two months at a time. “This job pays well, but it’s hell on the body,” said one co-worker. “Study hard and keep reading,” she added.
My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.
4．How did the author look back on his summer days while at college?
A．They brought him nothing but torture.
B．They were no holiday for him at all.
C．They were a relief from his hard work at school.
D．They offered him a chance to know more people.
5．What does the author say about college students?
A．They expect too much from the real world. B．They have little interest in blue-collar life.
C．They think too highly of themselves. D．They are confident of their future.
6．What, according to the author, is most frustrating for blue-collar workers?
A．They do not have job security. B．They do not get decent pay.
C．They have to work 12-hour shifts. D．They have to move from place to place.
7．In what important way has the author’s work experience changed him?
A．He learned to be more practical. B．He acquired a sense of urgency.
C．He came to respect blue-collar workers. D．He came to appreciate his college education.
President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige（威望） in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.
Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.Since competition is seen as the. major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected.Competition is not only good in itself. it is the means (by) which other basic American value such as individual freedom,equality of opportunity and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government，many businesses compete against each other for profits Theoretically, if one business tries to. take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast often made between business,which is competitive,and government, which is a monopoly, Because business is competitive,many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe,then,that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy（民主）in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic(贵族的)ideal of inherited privilege.
8．The statement “The business of America is business” probably means ________.
A．America is a great power in world business
B．Business is of primary concern to Americans
C．The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce
D．Business problems are of great importance to the American government
9．Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________.
A．by protecting their individual freedom B．when given equality of opportunity
C．by way of competition D．through doing business
10．Who can benefit from business competition?
A．People with ideals of equality and freedom. B．Both business institutions and government.
C．Honest business D．Both businessmen and their customers.
11．It can be inferred from countries that the author believes ________.
A．in many countries success often depends on one’s social status
B．businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
C．American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D．Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often (conveniently) referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our Instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically inferior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
12．The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem ________.
A．why one’s behaviors differ from others’
B．what makes different stages of intelligence
C．how social scientists form different theories
D．what causes the “nature/nurture” controversy
13．The word “proponents” can best be replaced by ________.
A．approaches B．advocates C．principles D．characters
14．What can we learn about the behaviorists?
A．They believe human beings are mechanical.
B．They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C．They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D．They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
15．The “nature” theorists believe that the blacks’ low scores ________.
A．are the result of the educational disadvantages
B．have nothing to do with their true intelligence
C．are an indication of the blacks’ poor intelligence
D．have nothing to do with factors other than instincts
阅读【重庆市第八中学2022届高三英语开学摸底】
Life and Health Insurance Risk Manager Wanted
Our company has partnered with an international insurer and is looking for a full-time risk manager with responsibility for the UK Life and Health Insurance business. The role is in a small risk team and is suited to a high-performing individual.
Responsibilities
*Support the chief risk officer;
*Oversee the reporting of health and life risks;
*Deliver advice and cooperate with some stakeholders(利益相关者);
*Assess relevant risks of technical pricing and reinsurance;
*Continuously contribute to the capital requirements, internal model review and data model processes.
Key requirements
The individual will be a qualified life or health manager who has experience in risk management or consulting. You must work in the UK---these rules have changed recently, so when applying, please state your qualification to work in the UK. (E.g. British passport, Irish passport, ILR, settled-status, etc.)
Salary
￡70,000-￡90,000 per year and performance-based salary.
Contact information
The deadline for applications is 14th May, 2021.
If you are interested, please apply here or contact the associate consultant Abi Logeswaran at HFG Insurance Recruitment(招聘). Sign in to apply instantly.
We'd love to send you information about Jobs and Services from CareersinRisk.com by email. We do not share your information with third parties for marketing purposes. By applying for a job listed on CareersinRisk.com you agree to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. You should never be required to provide bank account details. If you are, please email us.
1．What do we know about the job?
A．It hunts for a chief risk officer. B．It is a part-time job.
C．It is related to insurance business. D．It involves a high-risk team.
2．Which of the following is a must for applicants?
A．A professional certificate. B．The ability to change working rules.
C．An Irish passport. D．Relevant experience.
3．What do we have to do when applying for the job?
A．Hand in our applications before May. B．Accept the company's privacy policy.
C．Offer our bank account details. D．Give our information to third parties.
The city of Richmond announced that Roscoe Burnems would become the city’s first poet laureate (桂冠诗人), a poet recognized for achievements in poetry
During his two-year term as a poet laureate, Burnems is responsible for being a poetry advocate by providing access to poetry throughout the city and offering opportunities to use the power of words to heal wounds, open hearts and minds, and bring people closer together. He has the freedom to create and develop his own projects during his term and will receive a $4,000 annual bonus.
Burnems’ love of poetry began at an early age when he was struggling against depression. His English teacher recommended him to read poetry, which later brought him a peaceful mental state and helped him recover from depression. He soon decided that poetry was something he would run after for his lifetime. “People gravitate to poetry because they can find themselves in the poems,” he says. “It allows readers to feel the emotional part of our experiences.”
He says poetry is a great platform to discuss mental health. depression and the emotional stresses that come with daily life. Relieving those stresses is central to some of the work he does with young people Last year. Burnems started a youth poetry producing competition for local high school students.
Burnems says he loves and supports different types of art, and his next move is to explore poetry through cooperation across media Richmond’s paintings on the wall are a good example. He says, “Richmond is getting known for these beautiful paintings on display across the city, and I want to add a literary component to that.”
4．What is Burnems’ responsibility as a poet laureate?
A．Creating more good poems. B．Developing his own projects.
C．Spreading the power of poetry. D．Bringing poetry lovers together.
5．Why did Burnems develop a great passion for poetry?
A．Poetry made him more confident.
B．Poetry helped him through a tough time.
C．He was influenced by his English teacher.
D．He viewed writing poems as a lifelong career.
6．What does the underlined phrase “gravitate to” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Take pride in. B．Be used to. C．Break away from. D．Be attracted by.
7．What is Burnems going to do in the near future?
A．To shift his focus to paintings. B．To combine poetry with other arts.
C．To hold more poetry competitions. D．To help youth with mental problems.
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation (处理) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches (侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications－using apps like Face Time, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility (信任) is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
8．How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
A．Panicked. B．Confused. C．Disappointed. D．Embarrassed.
9．By taking the advantage of the new technologies, scammers can ______.
A．aim at victims precisely.
B．damage databases easily.
C．start campaigns rapidly.
D．spread information widely.
10．What does the text imply?
A．Honesty is the best policy.
B．Technologies can be double-edged.
C．There are more solutions than problems.
D．Credibility holds the key to development.
11．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted.
B．Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls.
C．Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous.
D．How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology.
When you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.
Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and his team modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.
The results are in the Transportation Research Record.
As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers or carbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).
This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways — those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.
12．Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1?
A．To present a fact. B．To make a contrast.
C．To explain a rule. D．To share an experience.
13．What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?
A．Hardening the road. B．Keeping oil in the ground.
C．Growing trees for decades. D．Improving the transportation.
14．What is the advantage of this suggestion?
A．Gaining more support. B．Consuming less money.
C．Involving more people. D．Facing fewer usual obstacles.
15．What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?
A．Those agencies are likely to make more rules.
B．Those agencies will change some related policies.
C．Those agencies might put more rubber tires on the roads.
D．Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.
阅读【湖南省长沙市第一中学2022届高三上学期月考卷（一）】
Besides Marie Curie, these women devoted their lives to science and made significant advances.
Caroline Herschel(1750—1848)
Herschel was ill-treated by her parents in Hanover until her older brother, William, brought her to England in 1772 to run his household in Bath. Later, her brother switched careers from singing and went into astronomy. Caroline followed. In addition to assisting her brother in his observations and in the building of telescopes, Caroline became a brilliant astronomer in her own right. She was the first woman to discover a comet (she discovered eight in total) and the first to have her work published by the Royal Society.
Barbara McClintock(1902—1992)
While studying botany at Cornell University in the 1920s, Barbara McClintock got her first taste of genetics and was hooked. She continued her research at universities in California, Missouri and Germany before finding a permanent home at Cold Spring Harbor in New York. It was there that, after observing the patterns of coloration of; corn kernels over generations of plants, she determined that genes could move within and between chromosomes. McClintock was awarded a Lasker Prize in 1981 and Nobel Prize in 1983.
Maria Goeppert Mayer(1906—1972)
A German immigrant to the US who studied at Johns Hopkins during the Great Depression, Maria Goeppert Mayer, born in 1906 , continued her studies even when no university would employ her and went on to become a chemical physicist. Her most famous contribution to modern physics is discovering the nuclear shell of the atomic nucleus, for which she won the Nobel Prize in 1963. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize, after Marie Curie.
1．Who might Caroline Herschel be most grateful to for her achievements in astronomy?
A．Her parents. B．Her brother.
C．The Royal Society. D．Astronomers of her time.
2．How did Barbara McClintock draw the final conclusion?
A．By tasting corn kernels. B．By making rough guesses.
C．By making careful observations. D．By researching at universities.
3．Who was the first woman Nobel Prize winner?
A．Caroline Herschel. B．Barbara McClintock.
C．Maria Goeppert Mayer. D．Marie Curie.
After graduating from high school in 2019, with only a few simple tools and no prior construction experience, Grankvist set out into the vast Swedish wilderness to realize his dream of building a secluded log cabin by hand- all by himself.
With no construction crew or complex machinery, Grankvist chopped down trees, built a stone foundation, and stacked logs on top of one another to create his humble off-the-grid (脱离电网的) home. The entire project is documented on Grankvist's YouTube channel, where viewers can find several videos of his journey-from braving the Swedish winter to learning how to throw axes.
I must admit that when I first heard about Grankvist's project, my initial thought was: “But what about college?” Did this man have any long term plans for his future that didn't involve building a log cabin? What about building a steady career path? Did he consider constructing a reliable retirement fund?
But as these questions were running through my mind, another one struck me: “Why does it matter?”
Why do we so often measure success by amount of schooling or the so-called longevity of a stable career path? If building a log cabin alone in the middle of a Swedish forest will make you happy, then why wouldn't you pursue that instead of a stable job, even if it might mean you make less money in the long run? Who's telling you that pursuing such a project isn't the “right” choice?
I know it's easy to talk a big game. it's not as easy to drop out of school and pursue your wildest fantasy full-time. What matters is that you never lose sight of what is truly important to you and where your passions lie, even if you can't put everything else on hold. So, in the midst of the rat race, tree by tree, don't forget to build your log cabin.
4．What CAN’T viewers find on Grankvist's YouTube channel?
A．He built a stone foundation. B．He used complex machines.
C．He faced up to the harsh winter. D．He learned to how to use axes.
5．Why is the story of Grankvist mentioned?
A．To criticize the traditional high school classroom teaching.
B．To explain the fantastic project made by Grankvist.
C．To think highly of the boy for his cleverness.
D．To lead up to the topic of what truly matters in life.
6．Which sentence below can show the author's supportive attitude to Grankist's cabin-building experience?
A．Did this man have any long-term plans for his future that didn't involve building a log cabin?
B．Did he consider constructing a reliable retirement fund?
C．What about building a steady career path?
D．Who's telling you that pursuing such a project isn't the “right” choice?
7．What message does the author want to convey?
A．Have long-term aims for our future. B．Go off the grid and build your “log cabin”.
C．Never talk a big game. D．Make a balance between your passion and career.
Microsoft has announced a policy requiring its contractors to offer employees a minimum of 12 weeks' paid parental leave to care for a newborn baby, paying them up to $1,000 a week. The policy, which affects US- based companies that do work for the technology company and have more than 50 employees, will be rolled out over the next year. It will affect people including the company's cafeteria workers, door keepers and IT support staff.
Microsoft said it was inspired by a new Washington state law for paid parental leave taking effect in 2020. The new law only applies to contractors' and suppliers' employees in that state, so Stahlkopf, the company's general counsel, said they wanted to expand it so it wouldn't leave thousands of valued contributors outside of Washington behind.
The new policy will bring the parental leave benefits of affected contractors in line with those of full-time employees, who also get 12 weeks' paid parental leave, while birth mothers get an additional 8 weeks' paid time off.
"The case for paid parental leave is clear,” said Stahlkopf, in a blog post, citing various studies showing that it improves productivity, morale and retention of new mothers, “Further, when men and women have the opportunity to take paid leave, it can help counteract gender caregiving stereotypes and promote equity in the home and office,” added Stahlkopf.
Ellen Bravo, co-director of Family Values@ Work, a group that promotes paid leave, praised Microsoft for the move. “We applaud Microsoft for the leadership they've given in the fight for paid leave,” Bravo told CNN. “At the same time, we have to ensure the time spent, caring babies does not remain a workplace benefit dependent on who you work for or where you live.”
Microsoft has been under pressure to improve working conditions for contractors after some workers unionized in 2014 and started pushing for benefits like paid leave. In 2015, Microsoft announced it would require its suppliers to give their workers at least 15 days' paid time off.
8．What inspired Microsoft to adopt the new policy?
A．A new law in Washington. B．Its contractors' requirement.
C．Its full-time workers' proposal. D．Its general counsel's kindness.
9．If a full-time employee of Microsoft bears a child, how long is the paid leave she will enjoy according to the text?
A．15 days. B．8 weeks. C．12 weeks. D．20 weeks.
10．Which of the following statements will Bravo probably agree with?
A．All employees should enjoy paid parental leave.
B．Only Washingtonians deserve paid parental leave.
C．Microsoft is under pressure to adopt the new policy.
D．Microsoft employees are so lucky to get paid parental leave.
11．What is the passage about?
A．The influence of a new Washington state law.
B．Microsoft improving working conditions for contractors.
C．Microsoft requiring contractors to offer paid parental leave.
D．The benefits of paid parental leave.
Cetaceans(鲸目动物) communicate through sound to find food and to interact socially. Their sounds vary between species and within communities. The long-finned pilot whales can mimic (模仿) artificial noise, but nobody had previously recorded them. A new study, however, found overlap in the cetacean sound book.
Pilot whales and orcas(虎鲸)，the two largest species of cetaceans, are often seen in the same environments and are similar sizes, and both live in social groups with strong union, says Charlotte Cure, a researcher at CEREMA Lab in France, who was not involved in the study. Orcas compete for food with long-finned pilot whales and are potentially their predators.
Evidence from orca stomachs shows they do occasionally eat pilot whales. But pilot whales can mob(成群田住) and chase them away, the only cetaceans seen defending themselves from the strong enemies in this way.
Mimicry could serve as additional defense; “One assumption is that if they use similar sounds, they may not be recognized as prey," Erbe says. Pilot whales eating orcas' food remains might go unnoticed if they use orca-like calls. “This is all underwater," she adds, “so these animals rely on sound for detecting their prey and predators.”Long-finned pilot whales have shown an ability to distinguish between orca calls with different meanings; Cure suggests that instead of tricking orcas, the callers could instead be presenting a new orca sound to other group members.
Additional work would confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring. Researchers could pair their listening data with direct observations of the animals' interactions in the wild or perhaps even play orca sounds and watch the whales' reactions.
But if a future experiment used predatory sounds, it would need to be done. very carefully.“A reaction to a predator can be very strong," Cure says.“In some protected areas, you are not allowed to do more than two predatory playbacks per year."
12．Which of the following is NOT shared by the pilot whales and orcas?
A．They communicate through sound.
B．They often live in the same environments.
C．They can defend themselves through mimicry.
D．They always live together with other group members.
13．What do we know from the fourth paragraph?
A．The pilot whales mimic the sounds to detect their prey.
B．The pilot whales only mimic one kind of the sounds of the orcas.
C．The pilot whales can pretend to be orcas to share the food remains.
D．The pilot whales can distinguish different meanings of orca calls to trick them.
14．How do the researchers confirm whether mimicry is actually occurring?
A．By observing the whales from the distance.
B．By mimicking the sounds in the experiment.
C．By analyzing the data from the cetacean sound book.
D．By listening or playing the sounds and watching the whales' reactions.
15．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Pilot Whales: Copy Orca Calls B．How Orcas Mimic Pilot Whale Calls
C．How Pilot Whales Defend Themselves D．Orcas and Pilot Whales: Predators and Prey
阅读【湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2021-2022学年高三上学期入学考试】
Tour Guide in New York
Times Square- -The Crossroads of the World Private Tour
Times Square has a colorful history, one worth exploring. Day and night. Times Square is lit up by the dozens of billboards advertising the biggest brands. Take a break in the pedestrian square and be entertained by performers practicing their trade. You'll be surprised by what you see and learn.
Architecture 101. the Art Dcco City Private Tour
New York City(NYC) is most closely identified with skyscrapers and many skyscrapers were constructed, during the late 1920s and early 1930s, the era of Art Dcco. Come and explore with me the dazzling architecture that has arisen in this city over the last 100 years. You'll be surprised by what you learn.
Central Park Private Tour
In the middle of this concrete jungle lies an extensive green space unlike any other. Designed and built by the famous Frederick Law Olmsted, the 843-acre Central Park has come to capture the hearts of visitors around the world. It's an icon, of greenery, of peace and calm in this fast-paced city.
Rock &Roll NYC Private Tour
You've been a Rock Roll fan for years, and now you're heading to New York. The heart of the best Rock & Roll the world has. New York City has been the center of the music world Tor decades from Lincoln Center to the East Village.
Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Private Tour
The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island remain standing as a physical reminder of the immigrant experience that shaped the NYC people walking through today. A guide from City Walks NY can take you through the history and beauty of the city’s immigrant past, as the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island private tour promises to take you along the historic journey that so many have traveled on.
1．What can you see in Times Square?
A．TV shows. B．The Statue of Liberty.
C．Advertisements. D．Rock Roll concerts.
2．Where should you go if you want to have a peaceful time?
A．Ellis Island. B．Central Park.
C．The East Village. D．The Lincoln Center.
3．What aspect of New York culture is the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island private tour related to?
A．Architecture. B．Immigration.
C．Rock & Roll. D．Super heroes.
One rainy afternoon, I was on a crosstown bus when a young woman jumped on.She had a child with her who must have been about 3 or 4 years old.
The bus was full, bumpy, and it soon got noisy as her kid began crying because he couldn't sit next to his mother. There were a couple of open scats. but they weren't together. She was flustered and looked embarrassed.
Then another woman. a little older. stood up and moved so that the mother and child could it together. The mom smiled as a thank-you, And then three words came out of the older woman's mouth that elevated the entire energy of that bus ride: "I've been there."
Simple, undramatic and honest. In that moment, it seemed to unite people. Why?Because almost all experiences arc shared human experiences. We forget that. as we forge(前进) through life. we focused on our own troubles and needs- which are actually less unique than we think. How can these three words create more connection in your life? Ask yourself; "Where am I holding back?
One thing I know for sure is this: Healing( 治愈) others helps heal yourself. I noticed this recently with my friend, Tracy. who took a new friend who had suffered a miscarriage(流产) under her wing. Tracy had three of them before having her daughter two years ago. Our minds need a doctor to explain the medical side of things. But our souls need human connection to help us along. No one can do that better than someone who has been exactly where you are.
Can the essence(精髓) of these three words help you make a small difference right now? It can be as simple as volunteering your seat. sharing some helpful advice or even lightening the mood with a joke when you notice that someone's uncomfortable-----because we're all in this together.
4．Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word "flustered" in the second paragraph?
A．angry B．eager
C．scared D．upset
5．What does the woman mean by saying" I've been there" in the third paragraph?
A．The woman was on the bus and saw what had happened to the boy.
B．The woman got to her destination and was ready to get off the bus.
C．The woman once had the similar experience with that mother.
D．The woman took the exact scat that the boy was on just now.
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Everyone has his or her own unique problem that is difficult to solve.
B．Doctors can help us get through when we have mental or physical problems.
C．The author's friend Tracy felt better after she was comforted by her new friend.
D．One can indeed make a difference to those in need of help by doing simple things.
7．The passage is intended to ________.
A．show a harmonious world by telling some touching stories
B．praise those who arc willing to help others in emergencies
C．appal to readers to give timely help to those in need
D．illustrate some ways of helping others in detail
The world’s clocks mark every passing second, minute and hour. But to humans, seconds of pain can feel like minutes, and hours spent at a party can end in a blink.
The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this “subjective time” is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.
Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more “time codes (编码)” in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.
“Even though time flies when you’re having fun, when you look back on it, you can remember much more of this extended experience compared to a boring experience,” says Jorgen Sugar, a postdoctoral student at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology's Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience. He’s part of a team of scientists investigating these mental time codes.
The idea that novelty can affect the experience of time also seems to fit cultures that don't measure time using clocks — many cultures rely instead on celestial (天空的), cultural and seasonal events to mark the flow of time. “Our experience of time does vary according to circumstances, and also according to the kind of rhythm of activity we engage in,” says Chris Sinha, a cognitive (认知) scientist working with Hunan University who has studied so called “event-based time” in Amazonian tribes and linguistic minority groups in China.
But other experts aren’t convinced. According to Monica Capri, an economist with a background in neuro-economies at Claremont Graduate University, subjective time isn’t well understood scientifically. Even if higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences, wealthy people aren’t necessarily spending money that way. A millionaire, for instance, may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn’t likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would, she says.
What’s more, she says, there are many factors to consider in how the brain processes time. For instance, according to Adrian Bejan, a professor at Duke University, the novelty of fun experiences an simply war off.
Still, researchers from many fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time. According to Sugar, understanding how humans form and recall memories can affect many aspects of society, such as law, education and healthcare — and perhaps can even aid our understanding of ourselves. “The human brain is the most complex biological system we know,” he says.
8．What do we know about “subjective time” from the passage?
A．It has nothing to do with one’s income.
B．Its pace is influenced by a person’s mood.
C．It is a thing that is completely understood.
D．It marks every passing second for a person.
9．How can income influence a person according to some researchers?
A．Wealthy people tend to engage more in remembering things.
B．Wealthy people may feel life is relatively longer psychologically.
C．Wealthy people tend to have a better memory than poor people.
D．Wealthy people usually need more time to process memory formation.
10．What is Monica Capra’s opinion?
A．She is not convinced that money can extend subjective time,
B．She doesn’t believe that wealthy people can buy good memories.
C．She thinks that the excitement of fun experiences can hardly wear off.
D．She doubts whether higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences.
11．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Researchers arc exploring the mysteries of memory.
B．Many factors can influence how you feel time.
C．Your subjective time may depend on your income.
D．The brain can change your feeling of time.
When asked how technology might improve the lives of people with vision impairments(视力障碍) . Joann Becker, a vision impairments tech specialist, presented a misleadingly simple challenge, saying “I’d like to be able to find my bus stop through Be My Eyes”.
Be My Eyes, which went live in 2015, establishes a direct video connection between visually impaired users and sighted volunteers. The assumption is simple: Many people who are blind don't need any actual assistance in completing their daily tasks, but merely need a little help.
A sighted volunteer might be asked to help identify which of two cans contains tomatoes. In this case, the visually impaired user can cook a meal just fine on his/her own- -all he/she needs is a quick confirmation that he/she has the correct can. The model appears to be working; more than 540.000 volunteers and nearly 40.000 people with low vision are registered on the app.
“An elderly woman can now help a visually impaired technician set up his computer.” says founder Hans Wiberg, who has very low vision. “She doesn't need to know a thing about computers. She only needs to read what is presented on the screen. Then he can do the rest. ”
Early assistive technology centered on dedicated devices(专用设备), because of the niche market(小众市场) , which sold for hundreds or even thousands of dollars. But the Smartphone, multipurpose and near-universal, has completely changed the economy of scale. “There are larger market forces driving high-powered computation, high-quality engineering and high-quality battery management in the smartphone market than those in a specialty product.” says Aaron Stcinfeld, a research professor at the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University.
“The reality is most sighted people don't know somebody who is bind.” Becker says.” They think the solutions that a blind person needs are far more expansive. It turns out they need to be. “I think these apps are enabling sighted people to see that blind people just need some simple clues to help them do any number of things in their lives.”
12．What is the first paragraph used for in the text?
A．Giving one example. B．Showing the main idea.
C．Making a conclusion. D．Introducing the topic.
13．How does the app Be My Eyes work?
A．By creating a video link between the visually disabled and sighted volunteers.
B．By recognizing which of two cans has tomatoes that can be cooked.
C．By establishing high-quality engineering and computation.
D．By flashing the everyday tasks of the technician and volunteers.
14．What can we know from the text?
A．Slight assistance can help the blind free from some troubles.
B．Volunteers should be very familiar with high-tech computers.
C．Only people with low vision are registered to use the app.
D．Joann Becker thinks it hard to find a bus stop using Be My Eyes.
15．What does the 5th paragraph mainly mean?
A．The smartphone becomes a special app.
B．Fine devices have changed the economy.
C．Cost matters when it comes to assistive technology.
D．Smartphone market has great economic potential.