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2024年高考英语第二次模拟考试（天津卷）-备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(天津专用)
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这是一份2024年高考英语第二次模拟考试（天津卷）-备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(天津专用)，共23页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．---Let's walk t that village tgether.
---__________. Hw can we tw girls d that in the dark？
A．I agree with yu.B．That's a gd pint.
C．Yu must be jking！D．That's nt yur pinin！
2．Nthing taught by thers has the same effect n yu as ________ learned by yurself.
A．neB．thatC．thseD．it
3．The steambat was fully furnished with life preservers. The passengers might be saved __________ accidents.
A．in spite fB．instead f
C．in case fD．in place f
4．Zhang Guimei, a famus mral mdel, ________ a better life, but caring fr neither, she devted herself t changing the fates f children in the muntains.
A．culd have enjyedB．may enjyC．must have enjyedD．can enjy
5．This bk gives a brief _____ f the histry f the castle and details f the art cllectin in the main hall.
A．utlineB．referenceC．articleD．utlk
6．Turkish fficials are saying that the number f peple wh ________ by the earthquakes that tk place in sutheastern Turkey ________ at least 20 millin.
A．had been affected; reachesB．has affected; reach
C．was affected; reachD．have been affected; reaches
7．—Jim, what’s the result f the final?
—Believe it r nt, China ________ beat its strng ppnent France.
A．narrwlyB．casuallyC．initiallyD．typically
8．The number f tickets _____ will be determined by the size f the stadium.
A．adaptableB．acceptableC．advisableD．available
9．In January 2023, a new year film, Full River Red, ________ in Sng dynasty, was released and made a hit immediately.
A．setB．settingC．having setD．t set
10．She hurriedly ran hme, never nce lking back t see whether she ________.
A．wuld fllwB．was fllwingC．has fllwedD．was being fllwed
11．As many as five curses are prvided，and yu are free t chse________suits yu best.
A．whateverB．whichever
C．wheneverD．wherever
12．The mther ges mad every time she washes the T-shirt__________ her sn wipes his dirty hands.
A．thatB．where
C．whichD．when
13．A university is an educatinal institutin which ________ degrees and carries ut research.
A．rewardsB．awardsC．prmtesD．presents
14．The engine f the ship was ut f rder and the cming typhn ________ the helplessness f the crew at sea.
A．added tB．resulted frmC．turned utD．made up
15．When we visited the ward the next mrning, we were amazed t see that ________, bth bys were still alive.
A．against all ddsB．abve the hrizn
C．beynd all praiseD．behind the schedule
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
An elementary schl in Sctland gave its students a special present. Instead f being asked t d different kinds f hmewrk r bk reprts, the children did acts f 16 , which is a much mre 17 lessn.
The children 18 Galsil Schl in Clnty perfrmed these kind acts in December and 19 their acts in writing r pictures in a Kindness diary.
In the prject, the teachers 20 the students t d kind deeds fr an elderly neighbr r a friend wh is feeling 21 , any act that helped t 22 smene’s day.
The students were als encuraged t write kind ntes t each ther that were read at a 23 every week and all the classes gt tgether t discuss and 24 a schl-wide prject t help the cmmunity during the hliday seasn.
“We are 25 ur pupils t think f the real 26 f New Year — kindness and giving,” vice principal said. “There is nbdy in this wrld wh wuldn’t 27 frm an act f kindness, and 28 the jy f kindness is that it 29 nthing.
A student Andy said, “Kindness is abut making peple’s lives 30 by changing little things, r ding little nice things t make a 31 t peple arund.”
The children made a lt f 32 t their grandparents and t senirs in the cmmunity t 33 with them ver the phne, relieving their lneliness. What the children have learned abut kindness is far mre 34 than reading, writing, and math. Even the yungest students have 35 much.
16．A．appreciatinB．readingC．kindnessD．drawing
17．A．demandingB．valuableC．reliableD．previus
18．A．attendingB．leavingC．visitingD．interviewing
19．A．cnductedB．spreadC．bradcastD．recrded
20．A．permittedB．advisedC．prmisedD．begged
21．A．lnelyB．guiltyC．enthusiasticD．awkward
22．A．prmiseB．cntrlC．describeD．brighten
23．A．meetingB．cncertC．hspitalD．statin
24．A．live up tB．cme up withC．keep up withD．lk up t
25．A．pushingB．frcingC．inspiringD．warning
26．A．riginB．traditinsC．characteristicsD．spirit
27．A．sufferB．benefitC．recverD．separate
28．A．definitelyB．strangelyC．graduallyD．unluckily
29．A．prducesB．cstsC．deservesD．hlds
30．A．richerB．busierC．betterD．safer
31．A．chiceB．decisinC．cllectinD．difference
32．A．callsB．giftsC．cardsD．plans
33．A．cmprmiseB．interpretC．chatD．negtiate
34．A．enjyableB．ppularC．frmalD．imprtant
35．A．bservedB．sharedC．gainedD．discussed
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If students will arrive at UT Dallas (the University f Texas at Dallas) after the first day f classes, the ISSO (Internatinal Students and Schlars Office) strngly suggests they put ff their admissin. It’s ur experience that late-arriving students have a stressful time settling in and meeting all the pre-registratin requirements, such as TB Test (肺结核检查), rientatins (入学培训), husing and s n. The inability t meet all these requirements may harm a student’s F-1 r J-1 visa status.
Departmental Late Arrival Letter
UT Dallas academic departments have the freedm and authrity t write a late arrival letter n a student’s behalf. Departments may nly ffer this letter if they are willing t make a statement t CBP (Custms and Brder Prtectin), shwing that they will ensure that the late-arriving student will be able t meet all university and immigratin requirements despite the late arrival.
Apprval r denial f late arrival will be based n the individual wrthiness f the request. The letter shuld be addressed t CBP and sent directly t the student frm the academic department.
In general, scanned and printed images will be accepted by CBP. The letter shuld state:
◎ Hw late the department is willing t let the student start the semester. This must be a specific date.
◎ That the student will be able t enrll full-time in the academic prgram and make nrmal academic prgress despite the late arrival.
The letter will nt guarantee entry int the US; it simply reduces the pssibility that late-arriving students will be turned away at the US Prt f Entry.
If Entering Late:
Email the fllwing areas the arrival date as sn as pssible:
1. Intercultural Prgrams (ICPrgrams@utdallas.edu) t schedule an Internatinal Student Orientatin.
2. The Student Health Centre (Healthcen @utdallas. edu) t schedule a TB Test.
3. Academic department t cmmunicate abut late registratin.
Cnsequences f late arrival:
◎ Late registratin fr curses
◎ Limited class availability
◎ Late registratin fees
Late-arriving students are required t keep full-time enrllment thrughut the semester. The ISSO will nt apprve reduced curse lads due t the late arrival.
36．Accrding t the ISSO f UT Dallas, late-arriving students ________.
A．have difficulty starting their university life
B．are at the risk f being rejected by UT Dallas
C．will unavidably face damage t their visa status
D．have t put ff their admissin until the next semester
37．What d yu knw abut the late arrival letter?
A．It ught t be sent straight t CBP.
B．Only the riginal dcument is effective.
C．Every late-arriving student will have ne.
D．It’s the department’s decisin whether t ffer ne.
38．What infrmatin shuld be included in the late arrival letter?
A．The reasn fr the late arrival.
B．The exact rescheduled arrival date.
C．The late-arriving student’s health cnditin.
D．The late-arriving student’s previus academic grades.
39．With a late arrival letter, a late-arriving student ________.
A．may still be frbidden frm entering the US
B．can miss sme classes withut punishment
C．can avid the TB test and the rientatin
D．will be free frm late registratin fees
40．The passage is mainly written fr ________.
A．students wh have lst their visas befre arrival
B．students wh need financial aid
C．new students frm verseas
D．all the new students
B
Only shck prevented the tears frm streaming dwn my face. My cells were dead. After being accepted int the cmpetitive Stanfrd Institutes f Medicine Summer Research Prgram (SIMR), and spending apprximately 170 hurs f the past mnth studying human embrynic stem cells (hESCs) (人胚胎干细胞), I was back t square n — with nly ne mnth f my internship(实习) left . Hw in the wrld was I ging t make up fr lst time?
As I asked myself the questin, I thught back t exactly hw I had spent thse 170 hurs wrking t develp the stem cells. I started my internship a little verwhelmed by the cmplex equipment in the lab. After I familiarized myself with the equipment, I began t find the functin f PRDMI — a gene thught t cntrl replicatin (复制) in hESCs. First, thugh, I needed t make a grwth medium (培养基) fr the hESCs. I painstakingly measured t the ten millinth f a liter, testing the accuracy f each measurement multiple times befre finally putting it int the medium slutin. After I plated the hESCs n my new medium, I waited with bated breath fr the results.
T my jy, tw days later, my cells were grwing very well and even utgrwing their new hme. I successfully created hundreds f stable hESCs. Everything seemed t be ging s well. But
“Nancy, I knw taking the news the first time can be hard, but keep in mind, yu prbably didn't d anything wrng. Yu knw hw sensitive they are. This srt f thing is cmmn when wrking with stem cells,” the prgram directr said gently.
“I knw,” I said. “I’m ready t try again.”
Thmas Edisn said. “Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The mst certain way t succeed is always t try just ne mre time.
41．What d we knw abut the authr frm Paragraph 1?
A．She was seriusly ill because f a cell disease.
B．Her internship was shrtened fr sme reasn.
C．Her research result didn't reach her expectatin.
D．She cried a lt after nt accmplishing her gal.
42．Hw lng did the authr’s internship remain when the cells lst their lives?
A．One mnth.B．Tw mnths.
C．One hundred and seventy hurs.D．One year.
43．What are the feelings expressed in the underlined sentence?
A．Dubt and cnfusin.B．Relief and relaxatin.
C．Anxiety and eagerness.D．Sadness and disappintment.
44．Accrding t the prgram directr, what is very usual during replicatin in hESCs?
A．Effrts made in vain.B．Cells grwing t big.
C．Researchers getting injured.D．Medium slutin incrrectly measured.
45．What des the authr try t tell us thrugh this stry?
A．Hard wrk always brings gd luck.B．Stick t hpe and never give up.
C．Think twice befre yu act.D．Never miss a mistake.
C
A new prject aims t create a cmputer replica (复制品) f an entire city. It will allw experts t perfrm real-time resilience (适应力) testing t see hw is infrastructure (基础设施) will perfrm in the face f challenges such as climate change and ppulatin grwth.
Knwn as the “digital twin”, the technlgy has already been adpted by Frmula One teams and engine makers like Rlls Ryce, but its use t this degree didn’t exist.
A partnership between Newcastle University and Nrthumbrian Water will recreate Newcastle based n data frm acrss the city and test its resilience in pssible emergencies. Prfessr Chris Kilsby said, “Yu can try lts f things with the twin in the case f a city. I think f it as a replica that yu can play with and d unimaginable things t see what wuld happen. The changes can be seen immediately — frm bserving what wuld happen if the river Tyne rises by a few meters t what the city wuld lk like if the ppulatin has aged ver a certain perid f time. It culd als be used t mdel human behavir, fr example, determining the mst likely rads peple wuld use in the event f a fd.”
Newcastle University is wrking n a data platfrm with lts f dynamic parts like traffic, water, ppulatin, etc. Much f the data is cming frm the university’s Urban Observatry prject, which has mnitrs all ver the city checking pllutin, water quality and bidiversity.
In 2012 an event knwn lcally as the “Tn mnsn” tk place, with a mnth’s wrth f rain falling in tw hurs during the evening rush hur, causing £ 8 m wrth f damage. The Tn mnsn caused a breakdwn t the city because we just didn’t design anything fr that srt f event. There was n ne t blame. The city just culdn’t resist the heavy rain.
The digital twin will allw the city nt nly t react in real time t such strange weather events, but als t test its resilience in endless ptential future emergencies.
Chris Jnes, research and develpment manager at Nrthumbrian Water, imagined the prject’s “amazing pssibilities”, saying that in time it culd be applied t any city with accessible data.
46．What d we knw abut the “digital twin” frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．It is nt new t us.B．It is a cmputer system.
C．It predicts extreme weather.D．It has met with many challenges.
47．What are Prfessr Chris Kilsby’s wrds mainly abut?
A．The develpment f the digital twin.B．Peple’s test f pssible emergencies.
C．The many functins f the digital twin.D．The numerus changes in the envirnment.
48．What will Newcastle University d in the prject accrding t the passage?
A．Offering big data abut the city.B．Advcating the new technlgy.
C．Making up the lss caused by fld.D．Wrking ut plans fr future emergencies.
49．Why is the “Tn mnsn” mentined here?
A．T draw peple’s attentin t the terrible lss f the city.
B．T warn peple f the ptential harm f heavy rain.
C．T indicate the new prject’s significance.
D．T shw the digital twin’s weakness.
50．What is Chris Jnes’ attitude twards the “digital twin”?
A．Cautius.B．Oppsed.C．Neutral.D．Supprtive.
D
Imagine a tasty bug landing n the web f a hungry spider. Hw des the spider detect its prey? Spiders dn’t have ears like we d, and many have pr eyesight. But they can sense vibratins, like thse that happen when an unlucky insect tuches their webs. And instead f eardrums, spiders hear using tiny, sensitive hairs that mve in respnse t sunds.
Scientists recently learned that spiders can pick up sunds in anther way: thrugh their webs. “It’s basically using the web as the ear,” said Rn Miles, a prfessr f mechanical engineering at Binghamtn University in New Yrk.
Miles and his team studied rb-weaving spiders, which make wheel-shaped webs. The scientists placed the spiders in a specially designed quiet rm. Then they played sunds n a ludspeaker. They tracked hw the spiders reacted t different sunds played n a ludspeaker.
The spiders turned their bdies tward the sund. Sme cruched (蹲伏) and stretched. Others raised their frnt legs. The scientists said this suggested that the spiders knew where the sunds came frm.
Miles said that spiders use their web like a giant extended ear. If an insect is flying nearby, fr instance, “that’s ging t cause the web t vibrate because f the sund,” Miles said. “That kind f gets the spider’s attentin.”
Spiders might even use their webs t tune in t a variety f sunds. Miles said they suspect that the spider is able t adjust the web’s tensin, r hw tightly they stretch the web. This way, it can pick up certain types f sunds.
Miles hpes the research n spiders will help us find better ways t detect sund. Mst micrphnes tday wrk by sensing pressure and turning it int an electrnic signal. But in the natural wrld, “spiders aren’t sensing pressure”.
Miles said: “Mst animals dn’t hear that way; they sense the mtin f the air.” Future micrphnes, like thse used in hearing aids, culd smeday have a design like this in mind.
The next time yu see a spider, Miles suggested, watch hw it reacts t sunds, like yur ftsteps — thugh what thse nises mean t the spider remains smewhat f a mystery. “Spiders dn’t have gd facial expressins,” Miles laughed. “It’s hard t read them.”
51．Spiders knw an insect lands n their web by ________.
A．seeing it trying t escape the webB．sensing the mtin it makes
C．using its ears t hear it mvingD．grwing tiny hairs t find it
52．Scientists play sunds n ludspeakers in the experiment t ________.
A．bserve hw the spiders wuld reactB．assist the spiders in catching their prey
C．encurage the spiders t build new websD．prtect peple frm spiders
53．Why d spiders need t use their webs like a giant ear?
A．It keeps them safe frm dangerus animals.B．It shws them when they need a new web.
C．It helps them detect insects flying nearby.D．It lets them cmmunicate with ther spiders.
54．Spiders adjust the tensin in their webs t ________.
A．blck ut sunds that scare away insectsB．help them pick up certain types f sunds
C．allw them t make sunds that attract preyD．make sunds that get ther spiders’ attentin
55．What des Miles believe is the significance f studying spiders?
A．It culd lead t hearing aids that sense pressure.
B．It shws that even small animals can make nise.
C．It culd allw peple t sense the frce created by sunds.
D．It culd result in micrphnes that sense the mtin f air.
第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
Last August I tk part in the Summer Camp f the General Final Cntest f the 16th Natinal Creative English Cntest held in Beijing. It was ne f the mst meaningful thing I did in my Senir 2 summer vacatin.
The summer camp lasted frm August 20 t August 27. During the pening ceremny, we each wrte a pstcard t mtivate urselves. On my card I wrte, “Brace yurself and shw yur best,” These wrds supprted me thrughut every bstacle I experienced.
August 24 witnessed the imprtant debate cntest that many f us feared. The night befre, my teammates and I sat in a circle, fcusing ur minds n the debate tpic, “Des cmpetitin amng friends adversely influence their friendships?”
All f us were busy searching fr examples f Olympic athletes r ther real-life peple t back up ur arguments. Time seemed t disappear faster than usual while we were wrking n this prject.
Finally, the big day arrived. Only ne minute befre we went n the stage, an inner vice entered my mind, saying, “Brace yurself and shw yur best.” Preparing the details in my head allwed me t feel ready fr the challenge. With my teammates backing me up, I drew myself up t full height and expressed my pint f view as best as I culd.
The results f the cntest cnvinced me that my mtt paid ff—I entered the tp 50, and tw f my teammates placed in the tp 10 due t their excellent perfrmance. And thrugh the strength f ur teamwrk, my friends and I became clser than ever. The mre cmpetitin amng friends, the firmer ur friendship will be.
Frm thse eight days, it isn’t the prize I valued the mst but the breakthrugh and the pure friendship I gained. It wuld be better t change my mtr int “Brace yurself and fight tgether.” I firmly hld the belief that this perid f time will live in my memry frever and will shine even brighter when I lk back.
56．What did the team d in the Summer Camp? (n mre than 10 wrds)
57．What did they prepare t supprt their argument? (n mre than 10 wrds)
58．What’s the meaning f the underlined wrds “Brace yurself”? (n mre than 5 wrds)
59．What’s the tpic f the passage? (n mre than 10 wrds)
60．In yur pinin, hw d yu keep friendship? (n mre than 15 wrds)
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
61．假如你是晨光中学高三学生李津。为了丰富学校生活，上周日你校举办了一场师生篮球友谊赛，由高三学生代表队对战教师代表队。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容要点如下：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程；
3. 活动意义。
注意：
(1)短文不少于100词；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
A Teacher-Student Basketball Friendly
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查情景交际。A. I agree with yu.我同意你的观点；B. That's a gd pint.说得好；C. Yu must be jking！你一定是在开玩笑！D. That's nt yur pinin！那不是你的建议！句意：---我们一起步行走到那个村子去吧。---你一定是在开玩笑!我们两个女孩如何在黑暗中做那个?故选C。
2．B
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：别人教给你的东西对你的影响都不如你自己学到的东西。A. ne代指前面提到过的同类事物，但不是同一个，只能指代可数名词；B. that代指与前面同类的事物，但不是同一个，可指代不可数名词；C. thse代指与前面同类不同一的事物，代替可数名词复数；D. it代指上文提到的某人或某物。句中所缺词特指和前面nthing同类的事物，即自己所学的知识，但和前面自学的东西不一样，nthing为不可数名词，所以应用that指代不可数名词，故选B。
3．C
【详解】考查词组。A. in spite f尽管；B. instead f代替；C. in case f万一；D. in place f代替。句意：这艘汽船配备了全套救生设备。万一发生事故，乘客可能会得救。结合句意可知答案为C。
4．A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：张桂梅，一位著名的道德模范，本可以享受更好的生活，但两者她都不关心，她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法，表示“原本……”含义的情态动词结构为：culd have + 过去分词，A项“culd have enjyed(本能够享受)”与句子表达的含义一致，故选A项。
5．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书简要介绍了城堡的历史和大厅里艺术收藏的细节。A. utline概述，纲要；B. reference参考；C. article文章；D. utlk前景，观点。根据“the histry f the castle and details f the art cllectin in the main hall”可知，此处指的是书的概要。故选A。
6．D
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：土耳其官员说，受土耳其东南部地震影响的人数至少达到2000万。第一空在wh引导的定语从句作谓语，句子表示从过去到现在地震影响了人们，应用现在完成时，且wh代指先行词peple，和动词affect(影响)为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动，从句主语wh代指peple，为复数，所以第一空为have been affected，第二空作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，宾语从句的主语是the number f peple，the number f(……的数量)后面加可数名词复数，谓语动词应用单数，故选D。
7．A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：——吉姆，最终的结果如何？——信不信由你，中国以微弱优势击败了强大的对手法国。A. narrwly勉强地，微弱地；B. causally随意地；C. initially最初地；D. typically典型地。此处表示“微弱地”用narrwly。故选A。
8．D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可得到的票的数量将由体育馆的大小来决定。A. adaptable可适应的；B. acceptable 可接受的；C. advisable明智的；D. available可得到的。根据“by the size f the stadium”可知，体育馆的大小决定了可得到的票的数量。故选D。
9．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年1月，一部以宋朝为背景的新年电影《满江红》上映，一炮而红。句中有谓语was released和made，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a new year film, Full River Red，且二者之间是被动关系，应用set（以……为背景）的过去分词形式set作后置定语，故选A。
10．D
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：她急忙跑回家，一刻也没有回头看是否有人跟踪她。整个句子描述过去发生的事，且此处表示过去某一刻正在做的事，应用过去进行时，主语she和动词fllw之间是被动关系，表示“她正在被跟踪”，应用过去进行时的被动，故选D。
11．B
【详解】B
解析 考查名词性从句。句意：课程多达五门，你可以自由选择最适合你的课程。此处为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，前面“As many as five curses”给出了范围，此处意为“无论哪件”，故选B。
12．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：母亲每次洗儿子擦脏手的T-shirt时都会发疯。此处the T-shirt是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句作地点状语，故选B。
13．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。A. rewards奖赏；B. awards授予；C. prmtes提升；D. presents呈现。根据“degrees and carries ut research.”可知，大学是授予学位的。故选B。
14．A
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：轮船的发动机出了故障，即将到来的台风使海上的船员更加无助。A. added t增加；B. resulted frm起因于；C. turned ut结果是；D. made up编造。根据句意可知，即将来临的台风增加了船员的无助。故选A项。
15．A
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：第二天早上我们去看病房时，惊讶地发现尽管困难重重，两个男孩都活了下来。A. against all dds突破万难；B. abve the hrizn水平线以上；C. beynd all praise赞美不完；D. behind the schedule落后于预定计划。根据后文“bth bys were still alive”指突破万难活下来，故选A。
16．C 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．B 21．A 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一所学校用做善事代替做家庭作业，让学生了解善良与给予的重要性。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们没有被要求做各种各样的家庭作业或读书报告，而是做了一些善良的行为，这是更有价值的一课。A. appreciatin赞赏；B. reading阅读；C. kindness善良；D. drawing绘画。根据下文“The children 3 Galsil Schl in Clnty perfrmed these kind acts in December and 4 their acts in writing r pictures in a Kindness diary.”可知，学校要求孩子们做一些善事。故选C。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们没有被要求做各种各样的家庭作业或读书报告，而是做了一些善良的行为，这是更有价值的一课。A. demanding要求苛刻的；B. valuable有价值的；C. reliable可靠的；D. previus以前的。根据下文“What the children have learned abut kindness is far mre 19 than reading, writing, and math.”可知，让孩子们作善事更有价值。故选B。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在克伦蒂的加尔索尔学校上学的孩子们在12月进行了这些善良的行为，并将他们的行为以文字或图片记录在一本“善良日记”中。A. attending定期去（学校、教堂等）；B. leaving离开；C. visiting访问；D. interviewing面试。根据上文“An elementary schl in Sctland gave its students a special present. Instead f being asked t d different kinds f hmewrk r bk reprts, the children did acts f 1 , which is a much mre 2 lessn.”可知，此处指在这所学校上学的孩子。故选A。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在克伦蒂的加尔索尔学校上学的孩子们在12月进行了这些善良的行为，并将他们的行为以文字或图片记录在一本“善良日记”中。A. cnducted进行；B. spread传播；C. bradcast广播；D. recrded记录。根据下文“their acts in writing r pictures in a Kindness diary.”可知，孩子们在善举日记中记录自己所做的善举。故选D。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个项目中，老师们建议学生们为年老的邻居或感到孤独的朋友做善事，任何有助于照亮别人一天的行为。A. permitted允许；B. advised建议；C. prmised承诺；D. begged恳求。根据下文“the students t d kind deeds fr an elderly neighbr r a friend wh is feeling 6 ,”可知，老师建议学生所做善事的对象。advise sb. t d sth.建议某人做某事。故选B。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个项目中，老师们建议学生们为年老的邻居或感到孤独的朋友做善事，任何有助于让别人在一天中感到愉快的行为。A. lnely孤独的；B. guilty有罪的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据上文“a friend wh is feeling”和常识可知，只有孤单的朋友才需要帮助。故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个项目中，老师们建议学生们为年老的邻居或感到孤独的朋友做善事，任何有助于让别人在一天中感到愉快的行为。A. prmise承诺；B. cntrl控制；C. describe描述；D. brighten使明亮。根据上文“In the prject, the teachers 5 the students t d kind deeds fr an elderly neighbr r a friend wh is feeling 6 ”可知，老师建议孩子们做任何事情，只要有助于让别人在一天中感到愉快。brighten ne’s day让某人在一天中感到愉快。故选D。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生们还被鼓励给彼此写友好的便条，这些便条在每周的会议上宣读，所有班级都聚集在一起讨论并提出一个全校范围的项目，以在假期期间帮助社区。A. meeting会议；B. cncert音乐会；C. hspital医院；D. statin车站。根据下文“every week and all the classes gt tgether t discuss and 9 a schl-wide prject t help the cmmunity during the hliday seasn.”可知，学校每个周有一次会议。故选A。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：学生们还被鼓励给彼此写友好的便条，这些便条在每周的会议上宣读，所有班级都聚集在一起讨论并提出一个全校范围的项目，以在假期期间帮助社区。A. live up t不辜负；B. cme up with想出；C. keep up with跟上；D. lk up t仰望。根据下文“a schl-wide prject t help the cmmunity during the hliday seasn”可知，在会议上，学生一起提出帮助社区的项目。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们鼓励学生们思考新年的真正精神——善良和付出，”副校长说。A. pushing推动；B. frcing强迫；C. inspiring鼓舞；D. warning警告。根据下文“ur pupils t think f the real”可知，学校鼓励学生思考什么是新年真正的精神。inspire sb. t d sth.鼓励某人做某事。故选C。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们鼓励学生们思考新年的真正精神——善良和付出，”副校长说。A. rigin起源；B. traditins传统；C. characteristics特征；D. spirit精神。根据下文“f New Year — kindness and giving”可知，善举和给予是新年真正的精神。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个世界上，没有人不会从善举中受益，而善举的乐趣当然在于它不需要任何代价。A. suffer遭受；B. benefit(使)受益；C. recver回收；D. separate分离。根据下文“frm an act f kindness”及常识可知，每个人都能从善举中受益。benefit frm从……获益。故选B。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这个世界上，没有人不会从善举中受益，而善举的乐趣当然在于它不需要任何代价。A. definitely当然；B. strangely奇怪地；C. gradually逐渐；D. unluckily不幸地。根据下文“the jy f kindness is that it 14 nthing.”可知，善举的乐趣当然在于它不需要任何代价。故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个世界上，没有人不会从善举中受益，而善举的乐趣当然在于它不需要任何代价。A. prduces生产；B. csts花费；C. deserves应得；D. hlds持有。根据下文“nthing”及常识可知，善举的乐趣是不需要任何代价的。故选B。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一位名叫安迪的学生说：“善举就是通过改变小事让人们的生活更美好，或者做一些小事让周围的人有所不同”A. richer更丰富的；B. busier更忙的；C. better更好的；D. safer更安全的。根据上文“Kindness is abut making peple’s lives”及常识可知，善举是让人们的生活更美好。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位名叫安迪的学生说：“善举就是通过改变小事让人们的生活更美好，或者做一些小事让周围的人有所不同。”A. chice选择；B. decisin决定；C. cllectin收集品；D. difference影响。根据上文“Kindness is abut making peple’s lives 15 by changing little things”可知，通过做一些小事让周围的人有所不同。make a difference有影响，起作用。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们给他们的祖父母和社区里的老人打了很多电话，和他们聊天，缓解他们的孤独感。A. calls电话；B. gifts礼物；C. cards卡片；D. plans计划。根据下文“t their grandparents and t senirs in the cmmunity t 18 with them ver the phne”可知，孩子们给老人打电话。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们给他们的祖父母和社区里的老人打了很多电话，和他们聊天，缓解他们的孤独感。A. cmprmise妥协；B. interpret解释；C. chat聊天；D. negtiate谈判。根据下文“with them ver the phne, relieving their lneliness”可知，孩子们通过电话，和老人聊天。故选C。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们学到的善良远比阅读、写作和数学重要。A. enjyable愉快的；B. ppular受欢迎的；C. frmal正式的；D. imprtant重要的。根据上文“Instead f being asked t d different kinds f hmewrk r bk reprts, the children did acts f 1 , which is a much mre 2 lessn.”可知，孩子们的善良远比阅读、写作和数学重要。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是最小的学生也收获颇多。A. bserved观察；B. shared共享；C. gained获得；D. discussed讨论。根据上文“What the children have learned abut kindness is far mre 19 than reading, writing, and math.”可知，学生们从做善事中获得很多。故选C。
36．A 37．D 38．B 39．A 40．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了对于在第一天上课后抵达达拉斯大学的学生，学校建议他们推迟入学，及推迟入学的相关说明。
36．细节理解题。由第一段中的“It’s ur experience that late-arriving students have a stressful time settling in and meeting all the pre-registratin requirements, such as TB Test (肺结核检查), rientatins (入学培训), husing and s n. (根据我们的经验，迟到的学生很难适应并满足所有注册前的要求，如结核病检测、定向、住房等)”可知，根据达拉斯大学的ISSO，迟到的学生难以开始大学生活。故选A项。
37．细节理解题。由Departmental Late Arrival Letter下第一段中的“UT Dallas academic departments have the freedm and authrity t write a late arrival letter n a student’s behalf. (达拉斯大学的学术部门有自由和权力代表学生写迟到信)”可知，是否提供迟到信是由达拉斯大学的学术部门决定的。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。由Departmental Late Arrival Letter下第三段中的“Hw late the department is willing t let the student start the semester. This must be a specific date. (系里愿意让学生多晚开始这个学期。这必须是一个特定的日期)”可知，迟到信中应包含重新安排的确切到达日期。故选B项。
39．细节理解题。由Departmental Late Arrival Letter下最后一段“The letter will nt guarantee entry int the US; it simply reduces the pssibility that late-arriving students will be turned away at the US Prt f Entry. (该信函不会保证进入美国；它只是减少了迟到的学生在美国入境口岸被拒之门外的可能性)”可知，有一封迟到信，一个迟到的学生可能仍然被禁止进入美国。故选A项。
40．推理判断题。由第一段中的“It’s ur experience that late-arriving students have a stressful time settling in and meeting all the pre-registratin requirements, such as TB Test (肺结核检查), rientatins (入学培训), husing and s n. The inability t meet all these requirements may harm a student’s F-1 r J-1 visa status. (根据我们的经验，迟到的学生很难适应并满足所有注册前的要求，如结核病检测、定向、住房等。无法满足所有这些要求可能会损害学生的F-1或J-1签证身份)”和Departmental Late Arrival Letter下第一段中的“Departments may nly ffer this letter if they are willing t make a statement t CBP (Custms and Brder Prtectin), shwing that they will ensure that the late-arriving student will be able t meet all university and immigratin requirements despite the late arrival. (只有当各部门愿意向美国海关与边境保护局（CBP）发表声明，表明尽管迟到了，他们将确保迟到的学生能够满足所有大学和移民要求)”可知，这篇文章主要是为来自海外的新生写的。故选C项。
41．C 42．A 43．C 44．A 45．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在斯坦福医学院暑期研究项目(SIMR)实习期间的经历，在那里他们花了170个小时研究人类胚胎干细胞(hESCs)。在最初成功地制造出稳定的hESCs后，他们发现这些细胞已经死亡。作者感到震惊和不知所措，回忆起他们在工作中付出的努力，并决定不顾挫折再试一次。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Only shck prevented the tears frm streaming dwn my face. My cells were dead.(只有震惊使我的眼泪没有从脸上流下来。我的细胞都死了)”可知，作者研究所培养的细胞都死了，即她的研究结果没有达到她的预期。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was back t square n — with nly ne mnth f my internship(实习) left .(我又回到了正轨——我的实习只剩下一个月了)”可知，在培养的细胞死亡时，作者的实习期只剩下一个月的时间。故选A。
43．词句猜测题。根据划线句前面的内容“After I plated the hESCs n my new medium,( 我把hESCs镀在新培养基上后)”以及划线句后面的句子“T my jy, tw days later, my cells were grwing very well and even utgrwing their new hme. (令我高兴的是，两天后，我的细胞生长得非常好，甚至超过了它们的新家)”可知，作者提交了自己新的培养基后，以一种期待的焦急和渴望的心情等待着实验结果。由此推知，划线句与C选项为同义词，即表示“焦急和渴望”。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“This srt f thing is cmmn when wrking with stem cells.(这种情况在处理干细胞时很常见)”可知，在实验过程中培养的细胞死亡是非常常见的事情。故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thmas Edisn said. “Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The mst certain way t succeed is always t try just ne mre time.(托马斯·爱迪生说。“我们最大的弱点在于放弃。成功最可靠的方法就是再试一次)”可推知，作者通过自己的故事告诉读者坚持希望不要放弃。故选B。
46．A 47．C 48．A 49．C 50．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“数字孪生”技术旨在创建一个完整城市的电脑复制品，它将允许专家进行实时弹性测试，以了解基础设施在面对气候变化和人口增长等挑战时的表现。文章介绍了这项技术的应用情况。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段“Knwn as the “digital twin”, the technlgy has already been adpted by Frmula One teams and engine makers like Rlls Ryce, but its use t this degree didn’t exist.(这项被称为“数字孪生”的技术已经被一级方程式车队和劳斯莱斯等发动机制造商采用，但它的使用程度还不存在)”可推知，“数字孪生”对我们来说并不新鲜。故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据第三段“I think f it as a replica that yu can play with and d unimaginable things t see what wuld happen. The changes can be seen immediately — frm bserving what wuld happen if the river Tyne rises by a few meters t what the city wuld lk like if the ppulatin has aged ver a certain perid f time. It culd als be used t mdel human behavir, fr example, determining the mst likely rads peple wuld use in the event f a fd.(我认为它是一个复制品，你可以玩，做一些不可想象的事情，看看会发生什么。这些变化可以立即看到——从观察泰恩河上涨几米会发生什么，到观察人口老龄化一段时间后城市会变成什么样子。它还可以用来模拟人类行为，例如，确定人们在食物事件中最可能走的道路)”可知，Chris Kilsby教授的话主要关于数字孪生的许多功能。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据第四段“Newcastle University is wrking n a data platfrm with lts f dynamic parts like traffic, water, ppulatin, etc. Much f the data is cming frm the university’s Urban Observatry prject, which has mnitrs all ver the city checking pllutin, water quality and bidiversity.(纽卡斯尔大学正在开发一个包含交通、水、人口等动态部分的数据平台。大部分数据来自该大学的城市天文台项目，该项目在整个城市都有监视器，检查污染、水质和生物多样性)”可知，纽卡斯尔大学将在项目中提供这个城市的大数据。故选A。
49．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“In 2012 an event knwn lcally as the “Tn mnsn?” tk place, with a mnth’s wrth f rain falling in tw hurs during the evening rush hur, causing £ 8 m wrth f damage. The Tn mnsn caused a breakdwn t the city because we just didn’t design anything fr that srt f event. There was n ne t blame. The city just culdn’t resist the heavy rain.(2012年，当地发生了一场被称为“香椿季风”的事件。在晚高峰时段，两小时内的降雨量相当于一个月的降雨量，造成了价值800万英镑的损失。香椿季风导致城市瘫痪，因为我们没有为这种事件设计任何东西。没有人应该受到责备。这个城市就是抵挡不住大雨。)”和倒数第二段“The digital twin will allw the city nt nly t react in real time t such strange weather events, but als t test its resilience in endless ptential future emergencies.(这个数字孪生体不仅可以让城市对这种奇怪的天气事件做出实时反应，还可以测试它在未来无尽的潜在紧急情况下的应变能力)”可推知，提到“香椿季风”是为了表明新项目的重要性。故选C。
50．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Chris Jnes, research and develpment manager at Nrthumbrian Water, imagined the prject’s “amazing pssibilities”, saying that in time it culd be applied t any city with accessible data.(诺森伯兰水务公司的研发经理Chris Jnes想象了这个项目“惊人的可能性”，他说，随着时间的推移，它可以应用于任何有可访问数据的城市)”可推知，Chris Jnes对“数字孪生”的态度是支持的。故选D。
51．B 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了许多蜘蛛的视力很差，但它们能感知振动，就像一只倒霉的昆虫碰到它们的网时所发生的振动一样。文章介绍了针对蜘蛛感知运动的研究开展情况以及发现。
51．细节理解题。根据第一段“But they can sense vibratins, like thse that happen when an unlucky insect tuches their webs. And instead f eardrums, spiders hear using tiny, sensitive hairs that mve in respnse t sunds. (但它们能感知振动，就像一只倒霉的昆虫碰到它们的网时所发生的振动一样。蜘蛛不是用耳膜，而是用微小而敏感的毛发来听到声音，这些毛发会对声音做出反应)”可知，蜘蛛通过感知昆虫的动作来知道昆虫落在了它们的网上。故选B。
52．细节理解题。根据第三段“Then they played sunds n a ludspeaker. They tracked hw the spiders reacted t different sunds played n a ludspeaker. (然后他们用扬声器播放声音。他们追踪了蜘蛛对扬声器播放的不同声音的反应)”可知，科学家们在实验中通过扬声器播放声音来观察蜘蛛的反应。故选A。
53．细节理解题。根据第五段“Miles said that spiders use their web like a giant extended ear. If an insect is flying nearby, fr instance, “that’s ging t cause the web t vibrate because f the sund,” Miles said. “That kind f gets the spider’s attentin.” (迈尔斯说，蜘蛛的网就像一个巨大的伸出来的耳朵。例如，如果一只昆虫在附近飞行，“这将导致蛛网因为声音而振动，”迈尔斯说。“这样能引起蜘蛛的注意。”)”可知，蜘蛛把它们的网当作一个巨大的耳朵是为了帮助它们探测附近飞行的昆虫。故选C。
54．细节理解题。根据第六段“Spiders might even use their webs t tune in t a variety f sunds. Miles said they suspect that the spider is able t adjust the web’s tensin, r hw tightly they stretch the web. This way, it can pick up certain types f sunds. (蜘蛛甚至可以用它们的网来收听各种各样的声音。迈尔斯说，他们怀疑蜘蛛能够调节网的张力，或者它们把网拉伸得有多紧。通过这种方式，它可以拾取特定类型的声音)”可知，蜘蛛通过调整网的张力来帮助它们捕捉特定类型的声音。故选B。
55．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Miles said: “Mst animals dn’t hear that way; they sense the mtin f the air.” Future micrphnes, like thse used in hearing aids, culd smeday have a design like this in mind. (迈尔斯说：“大多数动物听不到这种声音；它们能感觉到空气的运动。”未来的麦克风，比如用于助听器的麦克风，有一天可能会有这样的设计)”可知，Miles认为研究蜘蛛的意义是可能会产生能感知空气运动的麦克风。故选D。
56．The team tk part in the debate cmpetitin.
57．The examples f Olympic athletes r ther real-life peple. 58．It means pull yurself tgether.
59．The breakthrugh and the pure friendship I gained.
60．Friends respect and trust each ther.
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。讲述了作者去年参加创意英语大赛总总决赛夏令营的内容和收获。
56．细节理解题。根据第三段中“August 24 witnessed the imprtant debate cntest that many f us feared. The night befre, my teammates and I sat in a circle, fcusing ur minds n the debate tpic, “Des cmpetitin amng friends adversely influence their friendships?”(8月24日见证了我们许多人担心的重要辩论赛。前一天晚上，我和队友们围成一圈，集中精力讨论辩论的主题:“朋友之间的竞争会对他们的友谊产生负面影响吗?”)”可知，这个团队在夏令营参加了辩论赛。故回答The team tk part in the debate cmpetitin.
57．细节理解题。根据第四段“All f us were busy searching fr examples f Olympic athletes r ther real-life peple t back up ur arguments. Time seemed t disappear faster than usual while we were wrking n this prject.(我们所有人都在忙着寻找奥运会运动员或其他现实生活中的人的例子来支持我们的论点。在我们做这个项目的时候，时间似乎过得比平时快)”可知，他们准备了奥运会运动员或其他现实生活中的人的例子来支持他们的论点。故回答：The examples f Olympic athletes r ther real-life peple.
58．词句猜测题。根据第三段“August 24 witnessed the imprtant debate cntest that many f us feared.(8月24日见证了我们许多人担心的重要辩论赛)”可知，“我”担心辩论比赛，在根据第五段中“Preparing the details in my head allwed me t feel ready fr the challenge. With my teammates backing me up, I drew myself up t full height and expressed my pint f view as best as I culd.(在脑海中准备好细节让我觉得自己已经为挑战做好了准备。在队友的支持下，我挺直了身子，尽我所能地表达了我的观点)”可知，此处是对前文“Brace yurself and shw yur best.”这句话的具体表现，所以可推知“Brace yurself”应是不要担心振作起来之意。故回答：It means pull yurself tgether.
59．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Frm thse eight days, it isn’t the prize I valued the mst but the breakthrugh and the pure friendship I gained. It wuld be better t change my mtr int “Brace yurself and fight tgether.” I firmly hld the belief that this perid f time will live in my memry frever and will shine even brighter when I lk back.(在这8天里，我最看重的不是奖金，而是我获得的突破和纯洁的友谊。不如把我的口号改成“打起精神，一起战斗”我坚信，这段时间将永远活在我的记忆中，当我回想起来时，会更加明亮)”可知，本文的主题，是讲述了作者通过8天的夏令营，突破了自己并获得了纯洁的友谊。故回答：The breakthrugh and the pure friendship I gained.
60．开放性问题。在我看来，朋友间相互尊重，相互信任是保持友谊最好的方法。故回答：Friends respect and trust each ther.
61．A Teacher-Student Basketball Friendly
Last Sunday, ur schl rganised a friendly basketball match between students and teachers, in an effrt t enrich students’ schl life.
Bathed in sunshine, players frm Grade 3 cmpeted against their teachers in the field, with all the rest students watching excitedly in the bleachers. Bth teams were playing at their best in high spirits. Althugh the teachers dminated the game at first, the students did nt give up and tried t intercept every pass frm their ppnents. The match was filled with great dynamics and interesting plays, ending in a draw f 2: 2.
The exciting game nt nly helped relieve the students’ intense pressure caused by heavy wrklad, but als strengthened their relatinship with the teachers.
【导语】本书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对学校组织的师生篮球友谊赛写一篇英文报道并写一下活动的反响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
组织：rganise →hld
最初：at first → in the beginning
充满了：be filled with →be full f
加强：strengthen →build up
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last Sunday, ur schl rganised a friendly ftball match between students and teachers, in an effrt t enrich students’ schl life.
拓展句：Last Sunday, ur schl rganised a friendly ftball match between students and teachers, which was aimed t enrich students’ schl life.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Bathed in sunshine, players frm Grade 3 cmpeted against their teachers in the field, with all the rest students watching excitedly in the bleachers.（运用了分词作状语和with的复合结构）
【高分句型2】The exciting game nt nly helped relieve the students’ intense pressure caused by heavy wrklad, but als strengthened their relatinship with the teachers.（运用了nt nly…but als…连接并列结构和分词作定语）
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．---Let's walk t that village tgether.
---__________. Hw can we tw girls d that in the dark？
A．I agree with yu.B．That's a gd pint.
C．Yu must be jking！D．That's nt yur pinin！
2．Nthing taught by thers has the same effect n yu as ________ learned by yurself.
A．neB．thatC．thseD．it
3．The steambat was fully furnished with life preservers. The passengers might be saved __________ accidents.
A．in spite fB．instead f
C．in case fD．in place f
4．Zhang Guimei, a famus mral mdel, ________ a better life, but caring fr neither, she devted herself t changing the fates f children in the muntains.
A．culd have enjyedB．may enjyC．must have enjyedD．can enjy
5．This bk gives a brief _____ f the histry f the castle and details f the art cllectin in the main hall.
A．utlineB．referenceC．articleD．utlk
6．Turkish fficials are saying that the number f peple wh ________ by the earthquakes that tk place in sutheastern Turkey ________ at least 20 millin.
A．had been affected; reachesB．has affected; reach
C．was affected; reachD．have been affected; reaches
7．—Jim, what’s the result f the final?
—Believe it r nt, China ________ beat its strng ppnent France.
A．narrwlyB．casuallyC．initiallyD．typically
8．The number f tickets _____ will be determined by the size f the stadium.
A．adaptableB．acceptableC．advisableD．available
9．In January 2023, a new year film, Full River Red, ________ in Sng dynasty, was released and made a hit immediately.
A．setB．settingC．having setD．t set
10．She hurriedly ran hme, never nce lking back t see whether she ________.
A．wuld fllwB．was fllwingC．has fllwedD．was being fllwed
11．As many as five curses are prvided，and yu are free t chse________suits yu best.
A．whateverB．whichever
C．wheneverD．wherever
12．The mther ges mad every time she washes the T-shirt__________ her sn wipes his dirty hands.
A．thatB．where
C．whichD．when
13．A university is an educatinal institutin which ________ degrees and carries ut research.
A．rewardsB．awardsC．prmtesD．presents
14．The engine f the ship was ut f rder and the cming typhn ________ the helplessness f the crew at sea.
A．added tB．resulted frmC．turned utD．made up
15．When we visited the ward the next mrning, we were amazed t see that ________, bth bys were still alive.
A．against all ddsB．abve the hrizn
C．beynd all praiseD．behind the schedule
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
An elementary schl in Sctland gave its students a special present. Instead f being asked t d different kinds f hmewrk r bk reprts, the children did acts f 16 , which is a much mre 17 lessn.
The children 18 Galsil Schl in Clnty perfrmed these kind acts in December and 19 their acts in writing r pictures in a Kindness diary.
In the prject, the teachers 20 the students t d kind deeds fr an elderly neighbr r a friend wh is feeling 21 , any act that helped t 22 smene’s day.
The students were als encuraged t write kind ntes t each ther that were read at a 23 every week and all the classes gt tgether t discuss and 24 a schl-wide prject t help the cmmunity during the hliday seasn.
“We are 25 ur pupils t think f the real 26 f New Year — kindness and giving,” vice principal said. “There is nbdy in this wrld wh wuldn’t 27 frm an act f kindness, and 28 the jy f kindness is that it 29 nthing.
A student Andy said, “Kindness is abut making peple’s lives 30 by changing little things, r ding little nice things t make a 31 t peple arund.”
The children made a lt f 32 t their grandparents and t senirs in the cmmunity t 33 with them ver the phne, relieving their lneliness. What the children have learned abut kindness is far mre 34 than reading, writing, and math. Even the yungest students have 35 much.
16．A．appreciatinB．readingC．kindnessD．drawing
17．A．demandingB．valuableC．reliableD．previus
18．A．attendingB．leavingC．visitingD．interviewing
19．A．cnductedB．spreadC．bradcastD．recrded
20．A．permittedB．advisedC．prmisedD．begged
21．A．lnelyB．guiltyC．enthusiasticD．awkward
22．A．prmiseB．cntrlC．describeD．brighten
23．A．meetingB．cncertC．hspitalD．statin
24．A．live up tB．cme up withC．keep up withD．lk up t
25．A．pushingB．frcingC．inspiringD．warning
26．A．riginB．traditinsC．characteristicsD．spirit
27．A．sufferB．benefitC．recverD．separate
28．A．definitelyB．strangelyC．graduallyD．unluckily
29．A．prducesB．cstsC．deservesD．hlds
30．A．richerB．busierC．betterD．safer
31．A．chiceB．decisinC．cllectinD．difference
32．A．callsB．giftsC．cardsD．plans
33．A．cmprmiseB．interpretC．chatD．negtiate
34．A．enjyableB．ppularC．frmalD．imprtant
35．A．bservedB．sharedC．gainedD．discussed
第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
If students will arrive at UT Dallas (the University f Texas at Dallas) after the first day f classes, the ISSO (Internatinal Students and Schlars Office) strngly suggests they put ff their admissin. It’s ur experience that late-arriving students have a stressful time settling in and meeting all the pre-registratin requirements, such as TB Test (肺结核检查), rientatins (入学培训), husing and s n. The inability t meet all these requirements may harm a student’s F-1 r J-1 visa status.
Departmental Late Arrival Letter
UT Dallas academic departments have the freedm and authrity t write a late arrival letter n a student’s behalf. Departments may nly ffer this letter if they are willing t make a statement t CBP (Custms and Brder Prtectin), shwing that they will ensure that the late-arriving student will be able t meet all university and immigratin requirements despite the late arrival.
Apprval r denial f late arrival will be based n the individual wrthiness f the request. The letter shuld be addressed t CBP and sent directly t the student frm the academic department.
In general, scanned and printed images will be accepted by CBP. The letter shuld state:
◎ Hw late the department is willing t let the student start the semester. This must be a specific date.
◎ That the student will be able t enrll full-time in the academic prgram and make nrmal academic prgress despite the late arrival.
The letter will nt guarantee entry int the US; it simply reduces the pssibility that late-arriving students will be turned away at the US Prt f Entry.
If Entering Late:
Email the fllwing areas the arrival date as sn as pssible:
1. Intercultural Prgrams (ICPrgrams@utdallas.edu) t schedule an Internatinal Student Orientatin.
2. The Student Health Centre (Healthcen @utdallas. edu) t schedule a TB Test.
3. Academic department t cmmunicate abut late registratin.
Cnsequences f late arrival:
◎ Late registratin fr curses
◎ Limited class availability
◎ Late registratin fees
Late-arriving students are required t keep full-time enrllment thrughut the semester. The ISSO will nt apprve reduced curse lads due t the late arrival.
36．Accrding t the ISSO f UT Dallas, late-arriving students ________.
A．have difficulty starting their university life
B．are at the risk f being rejected by UT Dallas
C．will unavidably face damage t their visa status
D．have t put ff their admissin until the next semester
37．What d yu knw abut the late arrival letter?
A．It ught t be sent straight t CBP.
B．Only the riginal dcument is effective.
C．Every late-arriving student will have ne.
D．It’s the department’s decisin whether t ffer ne.
38．What infrmatin shuld be included in the late arrival letter?
A．The reasn fr the late arrival.
B．The exact rescheduled arrival date.
C．The late-arriving student’s health cnditin.
D．The late-arriving student’s previus academic grades.
39．With a late arrival letter, a late-arriving student ________.
A．may still be frbidden frm entering the US
B．can miss sme classes withut punishment
C．can avid the TB test and the rientatin
D．will be free frm late registratin fees
40．The passage is mainly written fr ________.
A．students wh have lst their visas befre arrival
B．students wh need financial aid
C．new students frm verseas
D．all the new students
B
Only shck prevented the tears frm streaming dwn my face. My cells were dead. After being accepted int the cmpetitive Stanfrd Institutes f Medicine Summer Research Prgram (SIMR), and spending apprximately 170 hurs f the past mnth studying human embrynic stem cells (hESCs) (人胚胎干细胞), I was back t square n — with nly ne mnth f my internship(实习) left . Hw in the wrld was I ging t make up fr lst time?
As I asked myself the questin, I thught back t exactly hw I had spent thse 170 hurs wrking t develp the stem cells. I started my internship a little verwhelmed by the cmplex equipment in the lab. After I familiarized myself with the equipment, I began t find the functin f PRDMI — a gene thught t cntrl replicatin (复制) in hESCs. First, thugh, I needed t make a grwth medium (培养基) fr the hESCs. I painstakingly measured t the ten millinth f a liter, testing the accuracy f each measurement multiple times befre finally putting it int the medium slutin. After I plated the hESCs n my new medium, I waited with bated breath fr the results.
T my jy, tw days later, my cells were grwing very well and even utgrwing their new hme. I successfully created hundreds f stable hESCs. Everything seemed t be ging s well. But
“Nancy, I knw taking the news the first time can be hard, but keep in mind, yu prbably didn't d anything wrng. Yu knw hw sensitive they are. This srt f thing is cmmn when wrking with stem cells,” the prgram directr said gently.
“I knw,” I said. “I’m ready t try again.”
Thmas Edisn said. “Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The mst certain way t succeed is always t try just ne mre time.
41．What d we knw abut the authr frm Paragraph 1?
A．She was seriusly ill because f a cell disease.
B．Her internship was shrtened fr sme reasn.
C．Her research result didn't reach her expectatin.
D．She cried a lt after nt accmplishing her gal.
42．Hw lng did the authr’s internship remain when the cells lst their lives?
A．One mnth.B．Tw mnths.
C．One hundred and seventy hurs.D．One year.
43．What are the feelings expressed in the underlined sentence?
A．Dubt and cnfusin.B．Relief and relaxatin.
C．Anxiety and eagerness.D．Sadness and disappintment.
44．Accrding t the prgram directr, what is very usual during replicatin in hESCs?
A．Effrts made in vain.B．Cells grwing t big.
C．Researchers getting injured.D．Medium slutin incrrectly measured.
45．What des the authr try t tell us thrugh this stry?
A．Hard wrk always brings gd luck.B．Stick t hpe and never give up.
C．Think twice befre yu act.D．Never miss a mistake.
C
A new prject aims t create a cmputer replica (复制品) f an entire city. It will allw experts t perfrm real-time resilience (适应力) testing t see hw is infrastructure (基础设施) will perfrm in the face f challenges such as climate change and ppulatin grwth.
Knwn as the “digital twin”, the technlgy has already been adpted by Frmula One teams and engine makers like Rlls Ryce, but its use t this degree didn’t exist.
A partnership between Newcastle University and Nrthumbrian Water will recreate Newcastle based n data frm acrss the city and test its resilience in pssible emergencies. Prfessr Chris Kilsby said, “Yu can try lts f things with the twin in the case f a city. I think f it as a replica that yu can play with and d unimaginable things t see what wuld happen. The changes can be seen immediately — frm bserving what wuld happen if the river Tyne rises by a few meters t what the city wuld lk like if the ppulatin has aged ver a certain perid f time. It culd als be used t mdel human behavir, fr example, determining the mst likely rads peple wuld use in the event f a fd.”
Newcastle University is wrking n a data platfrm with lts f dynamic parts like traffic, water, ppulatin, etc. Much f the data is cming frm the university’s Urban Observatry prject, which has mnitrs all ver the city checking pllutin, water quality and bidiversity.
In 2012 an event knwn lcally as the “Tn mnsn” tk place, with a mnth’s wrth f rain falling in tw hurs during the evening rush hur, causing £ 8 m wrth f damage. The Tn mnsn caused a breakdwn t the city because we just didn’t design anything fr that srt f event. There was n ne t blame. The city just culdn’t resist the heavy rain.
The digital twin will allw the city nt nly t react in real time t such strange weather events, but als t test its resilience in endless ptential future emergencies.
Chris Jnes, research and develpment manager at Nrthumbrian Water, imagined the prject’s “amazing pssibilities”, saying that in time it culd be applied t any city with accessible data.
46．What d we knw abut the “digital twin” frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．It is nt new t us.B．It is a cmputer system.
C．It predicts extreme weather.D．It has met with many challenges.
47．What are Prfessr Chris Kilsby’s wrds mainly abut?
A．The develpment f the digital twin.B．Peple’s test f pssible emergencies.
C．The many functins f the digital twin.D．The numerus changes in the envirnment.
48．What will Newcastle University d in the prject accrding t the passage?
A．Offering big data abut the city.B．Advcating the new technlgy.
C．Making up the lss caused by fld.D．Wrking ut plans fr future emergencies.
49．Why is the “Tn mnsn” mentined here?
A．T draw peple’s attentin t the terrible lss f the city.
B．T warn peple f the ptential harm f heavy rain.
C．T indicate the new prject’s significance.
D．T shw the digital twin’s weakness.
50．What is Chris Jnes’ attitude twards the “digital twin”?
A．Cautius.B．Oppsed.C．Neutral.D．Supprtive.
D
Imagine a tasty bug landing n the web f a hungry spider. Hw des the spider detect its prey? Spiders dn’t have ears like we d, and many have pr eyesight. But they can sense vibratins, like thse that happen when an unlucky insect tuches their webs. And instead f eardrums, spiders hear using tiny, sensitive hairs that mve in respnse t sunds.
Scientists recently learned that spiders can pick up sunds in anther way: thrugh their webs. “It’s basically using the web as the ear,” said Rn Miles, a prfessr f mechanical engineering at Binghamtn University in New Yrk.
Miles and his team studied rb-weaving spiders, which make wheel-shaped webs. The scientists placed the spiders in a specially designed quiet rm. Then they played sunds n a ludspeaker. They tracked hw the spiders reacted t different sunds played n a ludspeaker.
The spiders turned their bdies tward the sund. Sme cruched (蹲伏) and stretched. Others raised their frnt legs. The scientists said this suggested that the spiders knew where the sunds came frm.
Miles said that spiders use their web like a giant extended ear. If an insect is flying nearby, fr instance, “that’s ging t cause the web t vibrate because f the sund,” Miles said. “That kind f gets the spider’s attentin.”
Spiders might even use their webs t tune in t a variety f sunds. Miles said they suspect that the spider is able t adjust the web’s tensin, r hw tightly they stretch the web. This way, it can pick up certain types f sunds.
Miles hpes the research n spiders will help us find better ways t detect sund. Mst micrphnes tday wrk by sensing pressure and turning it int an electrnic signal. But in the natural wrld, “spiders aren’t sensing pressure”.
Miles said: “Mst animals dn’t hear that way; they sense the mtin f the air.” Future micrphnes, like thse used in hearing aids, culd smeday have a design like this in mind.
The next time yu see a spider, Miles suggested, watch hw it reacts t sunds, like yur ftsteps — thugh what thse nises mean t the spider remains smewhat f a mystery. “Spiders dn’t have gd facial expressins,” Miles laughed. “It’s hard t read them.”
51．Spiders knw an insect lands n their web by ________.
A．seeing it trying t escape the webB．sensing the mtin it makes
C．using its ears t hear it mvingD．grwing tiny hairs t find it
52．Scientists play sunds n ludspeakers in the experiment t ________.
A．bserve hw the spiders wuld reactB．assist the spiders in catching their prey
C．encurage the spiders t build new websD．prtect peple frm spiders
53．Why d spiders need t use their webs like a giant ear?
A．It keeps them safe frm dangerus animals.B．It shws them when they need a new web.
C．It helps them detect insects flying nearby.D．It lets them cmmunicate with ther spiders.
54．Spiders adjust the tensin in their webs t ________.
A．blck ut sunds that scare away insectsB．help them pick up certain types f sunds
C．allw them t make sunds that attract preyD．make sunds that get ther spiders’ attentin
55．What des Miles believe is the significance f studying spiders?
A．It culd lead t hearing aids that sense pressure.
B．It shws that even small animals can make nise.
C．It culd allw peple t sense the frce created by sunds.
D．It culd result in micrphnes that sense the mtin f air.
第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
Last August I tk part in the Summer Camp f the General Final Cntest f the 16th Natinal Creative English Cntest held in Beijing. It was ne f the mst meaningful thing I did in my Senir 2 summer vacatin.
The summer camp lasted frm August 20 t August 27. During the pening ceremny, we each wrte a pstcard t mtivate urselves. On my card I wrte, “Brace yurself and shw yur best,” These wrds supprted me thrughut every bstacle I experienced.
August 24 witnessed the imprtant debate cntest that many f us feared. The night befre, my teammates and I sat in a circle, fcusing ur minds n the debate tpic, “Des cmpetitin amng friends adversely influence their friendships?”
All f us were busy searching fr examples f Olympic athletes r ther real-life peple t back up ur arguments. Time seemed t disappear faster than usual while we were wrking n this prject.
Finally, the big day arrived. Only ne minute befre we went n the stage, an inner vice entered my mind, saying, “Brace yurself and shw yur best.” Preparing the details in my head allwed me t feel ready fr the challenge. With my teammates backing me up, I drew myself up t full height and expressed my pint f view as best as I culd.
The results f the cntest cnvinced me that my mtt paid ff—I entered the tp 50, and tw f my teammates placed in the tp 10 due t their excellent perfrmance. And thrugh the strength f ur teamwrk, my friends and I became clser than ever. The mre cmpetitin amng friends, the firmer ur friendship will be.
Frm thse eight days, it isn’t the prize I valued the mst but the breakthrugh and the pure friendship I gained. It wuld be better t change my mtr int “Brace yurself and fight tgether.” I firmly hld the belief that this perid f time will live in my memry frever and will shine even brighter when I lk back.
56．What did the team d in the Summer Camp? (n mre than 10 wrds)
57．What did they prepare t supprt their argument? (n mre than 10 wrds)
58．What’s the meaning f the underlined wrds “Brace yurself”? (n mre than 5 wrds)
59．What’s the tpic f the passage? (n mre than 10 wrds)
60．In yur pinin, hw d yu keep friendship? (n mre than 15 wrds)
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
61．假如你是晨光中学高三学生李津。为了丰富学校生活，上周日你校举办了一场师生篮球友谊赛，由高三学生代表队对战教师代表队。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容要点如下：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动过程；
3. 活动意义。
注意：
(1)短文不少于100词；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
A Teacher-Student Basketball Friendly
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】考查情景交际。A. I agree with yu.我同意你的观点；B. That's a gd pint.说得好；C. Yu must be jking！你一定是在开玩笑！D. That's nt yur pinin！那不是你的建议！句意：---我们一起步行走到那个村子去吧。---你一定是在开玩笑!我们两个女孩如何在黑暗中做那个?故选C。
2．B
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：别人教给你的东西对你的影响都不如你自己学到的东西。A. ne代指前面提到过的同类事物，但不是同一个，只能指代可数名词；B. that代指与前面同类的事物，但不是同一个，可指代不可数名词；C. thse代指与前面同类不同一的事物，代替可数名词复数；D. it代指上文提到的某人或某物。句中所缺词特指和前面nthing同类的事物，即自己所学的知识，但和前面自学的东西不一样，nthing为不可数名词，所以应用that指代不可数名词，故选B。
3．C
【详解】考查词组。A. in spite f尽管；B. instead f代替；C. in case f万一；D. in place f代替。句意：这艘汽船配备了全套救生设备。万一发生事故，乘客可能会得救。结合句意可知答案为C。
4．A
【详解】考查情态动词。句意：张桂梅，一位著名的道德模范，本可以享受更好的生活，但两者她都不关心，她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法，表示“原本……”含义的情态动词结构为：culd have + 过去分词，A项“culd have enjyed(本能够享受)”与句子表达的含义一致，故选A项。
5．A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书简要介绍了城堡的历史和大厅里艺术收藏的细节。A. utline概述，纲要；B. reference参考；C. article文章；D. utlk前景，观点。根据“the histry f the castle and details f the art cllectin in the main hall”可知，此处指的是书的概要。故选A。
6．D
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：土耳其官员说，受土耳其东南部地震影响的人数至少达到2000万。第一空在wh引导的定语从句作谓语，句子表示从过去到现在地震影响了人们，应用现在完成时，且wh代指先行词peple，和动词affect(影响)为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动，从句主语wh代指peple，为复数，所以第一空为have been affected，第二空作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，宾语从句的主语是the number f peple，the number f(……的数量)后面加可数名词复数，谓语动词应用单数，故选D。
7．A
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：——吉姆，最终的结果如何？——信不信由你，中国以微弱优势击败了强大的对手法国。A. narrwly勉强地，微弱地；B. causally随意地；C. initially最初地；D. typically典型地。此处表示“微弱地”用narrwly。故选A。
8．D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可得到的票的数量将由体育馆的大小来决定。A. adaptable可适应的；B. acceptable 可接受的；C. advisable明智的；D. available可得到的。根据“by the size f the stadium”可知，体育馆的大小决定了可得到的票的数量。故选D。
9．A
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年1月，一部以宋朝为背景的新年电影《满江红》上映，一炮而红。句中有谓语was released和made，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a new year film, Full River Red，且二者之间是被动关系，应用set（以……为背景）的过去分词形式set作后置定语，故选A。
10．D
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：她急忙跑回家，一刻也没有回头看是否有人跟踪她。整个句子描述过去发生的事，且此处表示过去某一刻正在做的事，应用过去进行时，主语she和动词fllw之间是被动关系，表示“她正在被跟踪”，应用过去进行时的被动，故选D。
11．B
【详解】B
解析 考查名词性从句。句意：课程多达五门，你可以自由选择最适合你的课程。此处为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，前面“As many as five curses”给出了范围，此处意为“无论哪件”，故选B。
12．B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：母亲每次洗儿子擦脏手的T-shirt时都会发疯。此处the T-shirt是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句作地点状语，故选B。
13．B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。A. rewards奖赏；B. awards授予；C. prmtes提升；D. presents呈现。根据“degrees and carries ut research.”可知，大学是授予学位的。故选B。
14．A
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：轮船的发动机出了故障，即将到来的台风使海上的船员更加无助。A. added t增加；B. resulted frm起因于；C. turned ut结果是；D. made up编造。根据句意可知，即将来临的台风增加了船员的无助。故选A项。
15．A
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：第二天早上我们去看病房时，惊讶地发现尽管困难重重，两个男孩都活了下来。A. against all dds突破万难；B. abve the hrizn水平线以上；C. beynd all praise赞美不完；D. behind the schedule落后于预定计划。根据后文“bth bys were still alive”指突破万难活下来，故选A。
16．C 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．B 21．A 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．B 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一所学校用做善事代替做家庭作业，让学生了解善良与给予的重要性。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们没有被要求做各种各样的家庭作业或读书报告，而是做了一些善良的行为，这是更有价值的一课。A. appreciatin赞赏；B. reading阅读；C. kindness善良；D. drawing绘画。根据下文“The children 3 Galsil Schl in Clnty perfrmed these kind acts in December and 4 their acts in writing r pictures in a Kindness diary.”可知，学校要求孩子们做一些善事。故选C。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们没有被要求做各种各样的家庭作业或读书报告，而是做了一些善良的行为，这是更有价值的一课。A. demanding要求苛刻的；B. valuable有价值的；C. reliable可靠的；D. previus以前的。根据下文“What the children have learned abut kindness is far mre 19 than reading, writing, and math.”可知，让孩子们作善事更有价值。故选B。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在克伦蒂的加尔索尔学校上学的孩子们在12月进行了这些善良的行为，并将他们的行为以文字或图片记录在一本“善良日记”中。A. attending定期去（学校、教堂等）；B. leaving离开；C. visiting访问；D. interviewing面试。根据上文“An elementary schl in Sctland gave its students a special present. Instead f being asked t d different kinds f hmewrk r bk reprts, the children did acts f 1 , which is a much mre 2 lessn.”可知，此处指在这所学校上学的孩子。故选A。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在克伦蒂的加尔索尔学校上学的孩子们在12月进行了这些善良的行为，并将他们的行为以文字或图片记录在一本“善良日记”中。A. cnducted进行；B. spread传播；C. bradcast广播；D. recrded记录。根据下文“their acts in writing r pictures in a Kindness diary.”可知，孩子们在善举日记中记录自己所做的善举。故选D。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个项目中，老师们建议学生们为年老的邻居或感到孤独的朋友做善事，任何有助于照亮别人一天的行为。A. permitted允许；B. advised建议；C. prmised承诺；D. begged恳求。根据下文“the students t d kind deeds fr an elderly neighbr r a friend wh is feeling 6 ,”可知，老师建议学生所做善事的对象。advise sb. t d sth.建议某人做某事。故选B。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个项目中，老师们建议学生们为年老的邻居或感到孤独的朋友做善事，任何有助于让别人在一天中感到愉快的行为。A. lnely孤独的；B. guilty有罪的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据上文“a friend wh is feeling”和常识可知，只有孤单的朋友才需要帮助。故选A。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个项目中，老师们建议学生们为年老的邻居或感到孤独的朋友做善事，任何有助于让别人在一天中感到愉快的行为。A. prmise承诺；B. cntrl控制；C. describe描述；D. brighten使明亮。根据上文“In the prject, the teachers 5 the students t d kind deeds fr an elderly neighbr r a friend wh is feeling 6 ”可知，老师建议孩子们做任何事情，只要有助于让别人在一天中感到愉快。brighten ne’s day让某人在一天中感到愉快。故选D。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生们还被鼓励给彼此写友好的便条，这些便条在每周的会议上宣读，所有班级都聚集在一起讨论并提出一个全校范围的项目，以在假期期间帮助社区。A. meeting会议；B. cncert音乐会；C. hspital医院；D. statin车站。根据下文“every week and all the classes gt tgether t discuss and 9 a schl-wide prject t help the cmmunity during the hliday seasn.”可知，学校每个周有一次会议。故选A。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：学生们还被鼓励给彼此写友好的便条，这些便条在每周的会议上宣读，所有班级都聚集在一起讨论并提出一个全校范围的项目，以在假期期间帮助社区。A. live up t不辜负；B. cme up with想出；C. keep up with跟上；D. lk up t仰望。根据下文“a schl-wide prject t help the cmmunity during the hliday seasn”可知，在会议上，学生一起提出帮助社区的项目。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们鼓励学生们思考新年的真正精神——善良和付出，”副校长说。A. pushing推动；B. frcing强迫；C. inspiring鼓舞；D. warning警告。根据下文“ur pupils t think f the real”可知，学校鼓励学生思考什么是新年真正的精神。inspire sb. t d sth.鼓励某人做某事。故选C。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们鼓励学生们思考新年的真正精神——善良和付出，”副校长说。A. rigin起源；B. traditins传统；C. characteristics特征；D. spirit精神。根据下文“f New Year — kindness and giving”可知，善举和给予是新年真正的精神。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个世界上，没有人不会从善举中受益，而善举的乐趣当然在于它不需要任何代价。A. suffer遭受；B. benefit(使)受益；C. recver回收；D. separate分离。根据下文“frm an act f kindness”及常识可知，每个人都能从善举中受益。benefit frm从……获益。故选B。
28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这个世界上，没有人不会从善举中受益，而善举的乐趣当然在于它不需要任何代价。A. definitely当然；B. strangely奇怪地；C. gradually逐渐；D. unluckily不幸地。根据下文“the jy f kindness is that it 14 nthing.”可知，善举的乐趣当然在于它不需要任何代价。故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个世界上，没有人不会从善举中受益，而善举的乐趣当然在于它不需要任何代价。A. prduces生产；B. csts花费；C. deserves应得；D. hlds持有。根据下文“nthing”及常识可知，善举的乐趣是不需要任何代价的。故选B。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一位名叫安迪的学生说：“善举就是通过改变小事让人们的生活更美好，或者做一些小事让周围的人有所不同”A. richer更丰富的；B. busier更忙的；C. better更好的；D. safer更安全的。根据上文“Kindness is abut making peple’s lives”及常识可知，善举是让人们的生活更美好。故选C。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位名叫安迪的学生说：“善举就是通过改变小事让人们的生活更美好，或者做一些小事让周围的人有所不同。”A. chice选择；B. decisin决定；C. cllectin收集品；D. difference影响。根据上文“Kindness is abut making peple’s lives 15 by changing little things”可知，通过做一些小事让周围的人有所不同。make a difference有影响，起作用。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们给他们的祖父母和社区里的老人打了很多电话，和他们聊天，缓解他们的孤独感。A. calls电话；B. gifts礼物；C. cards卡片；D. plans计划。根据下文“t their grandparents and t senirs in the cmmunity t 18 with them ver the phne”可知，孩子们给老人打电话。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们给他们的祖父母和社区里的老人打了很多电话，和他们聊天，缓解他们的孤独感。A. cmprmise妥协；B. interpret解释；C. chat聊天；D. negtiate谈判。根据下文“with them ver the phne, relieving their lneliness”可知，孩子们通过电话，和老人聊天。故选C。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们学到的善良远比阅读、写作和数学重要。A. enjyable愉快的；B. ppular受欢迎的；C. frmal正式的；D. imprtant重要的。根据上文“Instead f being asked t d different kinds f hmewrk r bk reprts, the children did acts f 1 , which is a much mre 2 lessn.”可知，孩子们的善良远比阅读、写作和数学重要。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是最小的学生也收获颇多。A. bserved观察；B. shared共享；C. gained获得；D. discussed讨论。根据上文“What the children have learned abut kindness is far mre 19 than reading, writing, and math.”可知，学生们从做善事中获得很多。故选C。
36．A 37．D 38．B 39．A 40．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了对于在第一天上课后抵达达拉斯大学的学生，学校建议他们推迟入学，及推迟入学的相关说明。
36．细节理解题。由第一段中的“It’s ur experience that late-arriving students have a stressful time settling in and meeting all the pre-registratin requirements, such as TB Test (肺结核检查), rientatins (入学培训), husing and s n. (根据我们的经验，迟到的学生很难适应并满足所有注册前的要求，如结核病检测、定向、住房等)”可知，根据达拉斯大学的ISSO，迟到的学生难以开始大学生活。故选A项。
37．细节理解题。由Departmental Late Arrival Letter下第一段中的“UT Dallas academic departments have the freedm and authrity t write a late arrival letter n a student’s behalf. (达拉斯大学的学术部门有自由和权力代表学生写迟到信)”可知，是否提供迟到信是由达拉斯大学的学术部门决定的。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。由Departmental Late Arrival Letter下第三段中的“Hw late the department is willing t let the student start the semester. This must be a specific date. (系里愿意让学生多晚开始这个学期。这必须是一个特定的日期)”可知，迟到信中应包含重新安排的确切到达日期。故选B项。
39．细节理解题。由Departmental Late Arrival Letter下最后一段“The letter will nt guarantee entry int the US; it simply reduces the pssibility that late-arriving students will be turned away at the US Prt f Entry. (该信函不会保证进入美国；它只是减少了迟到的学生在美国入境口岸被拒之门外的可能性)”可知，有一封迟到信，一个迟到的学生可能仍然被禁止进入美国。故选A项。
40．推理判断题。由第一段中的“It’s ur experience that late-arriving students have a stressful time settling in and meeting all the pre-registratin requirements, such as TB Test (肺结核检查), rientatins (入学培训), husing and s n. The inability t meet all these requirements may harm a student’s F-1 r J-1 visa status. (根据我们的经验，迟到的学生很难适应并满足所有注册前的要求，如结核病检测、定向、住房等。无法满足所有这些要求可能会损害学生的F-1或J-1签证身份)”和Departmental Late Arrival Letter下第一段中的“Departments may nly ffer this letter if they are willing t make a statement t CBP (Custms and Brder Prtectin), shwing that they will ensure that the late-arriving student will be able t meet all university and immigratin requirements despite the late arrival. (只有当各部门愿意向美国海关与边境保护局（CBP）发表声明，表明尽管迟到了，他们将确保迟到的学生能够满足所有大学和移民要求)”可知，这篇文章主要是为来自海外的新生写的。故选C项。
41．C 42．A 43．C 44．A 45．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在斯坦福医学院暑期研究项目(SIMR)实习期间的经历，在那里他们花了170个小时研究人类胚胎干细胞(hESCs)。在最初成功地制造出稳定的hESCs后，他们发现这些细胞已经死亡。作者感到震惊和不知所措，回忆起他们在工作中付出的努力，并决定不顾挫折再试一次。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Only shck prevented the tears frm streaming dwn my face. My cells were dead.(只有震惊使我的眼泪没有从脸上流下来。我的细胞都死了)”可知，作者研究所培养的细胞都死了，即她的研究结果没有达到她的预期。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was back t square n — with nly ne mnth f my internship(实习) left .(我又回到了正轨——我的实习只剩下一个月了)”可知，在培养的细胞死亡时，作者的实习期只剩下一个月的时间。故选A。
43．词句猜测题。根据划线句前面的内容“After I plated the hESCs n my new medium,( 我把hESCs镀在新培养基上后)”以及划线句后面的句子“T my jy, tw days later, my cells were grwing very well and even utgrwing their new hme. (令我高兴的是，两天后，我的细胞生长得非常好，甚至超过了它们的新家)”可知，作者提交了自己新的培养基后，以一种期待的焦急和渴望的心情等待着实验结果。由此推知，划线句与C选项为同义词，即表示“焦急和渴望”。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“This srt f thing is cmmn when wrking with stem cells.(这种情况在处理干细胞时很常见)”可知，在实验过程中培养的细胞死亡是非常常见的事情。故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thmas Edisn said. “Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The mst certain way t succeed is always t try just ne mre time.(托马斯·爱迪生说。“我们最大的弱点在于放弃。成功最可靠的方法就是再试一次)”可推知，作者通过自己的故事告诉读者坚持希望不要放弃。故选B。
46．A 47．C 48．A 49．C 50．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“数字孪生”技术旨在创建一个完整城市的电脑复制品，它将允许专家进行实时弹性测试，以了解基础设施在面对气候变化和人口增长等挑战时的表现。文章介绍了这项技术的应用情况。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段“Knwn as the “digital twin”, the technlgy has already been adpted by Frmula One teams and engine makers like Rlls Ryce, but its use t this degree didn’t exist.(这项被称为“数字孪生”的技术已经被一级方程式车队和劳斯莱斯等发动机制造商采用，但它的使用程度还不存在)”可推知，“数字孪生”对我们来说并不新鲜。故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据第三段“I think f it as a replica that yu can play with and d unimaginable things t see what wuld happen. The changes can be seen immediately — frm bserving what wuld happen if the river Tyne rises by a few meters t what the city wuld lk like if the ppulatin has aged ver a certain perid f time. It culd als be used t mdel human behavir, fr example, determining the mst likely rads peple wuld use in the event f a fd.(我认为它是一个复制品，你可以玩，做一些不可想象的事情，看看会发生什么。这些变化可以立即看到——从观察泰恩河上涨几米会发生什么，到观察人口老龄化一段时间后城市会变成什么样子。它还可以用来模拟人类行为，例如，确定人们在食物事件中最可能走的道路)”可知，Chris Kilsby教授的话主要关于数字孪生的许多功能。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据第四段“Newcastle University is wrking n a data platfrm with lts f dynamic parts like traffic, water, ppulatin, etc. Much f the data is cming frm the university’s Urban Observatry prject, which has mnitrs all ver the city checking pllutin, water quality and bidiversity.(纽卡斯尔大学正在开发一个包含交通、水、人口等动态部分的数据平台。大部分数据来自该大学的城市天文台项目，该项目在整个城市都有监视器，检查污染、水质和生物多样性)”可知，纽卡斯尔大学将在项目中提供这个城市的大数据。故选A。
49．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“In 2012 an event knwn lcally as the “Tn mnsn?” tk place, with a mnth’s wrth f rain falling in tw hurs during the evening rush hur, causing £ 8 m wrth f damage. The Tn mnsn caused a breakdwn t the city because we just didn’t design anything fr that srt f event. There was n ne t blame. The city just culdn’t resist the heavy rain.(2012年，当地发生了一场被称为“香椿季风”的事件。在晚高峰时段，两小时内的降雨量相当于一个月的降雨量，造成了价值800万英镑的损失。香椿季风导致城市瘫痪，因为我们没有为这种事件设计任何东西。没有人应该受到责备。这个城市就是抵挡不住大雨。)”和倒数第二段“The digital twin will allw the city nt nly t react in real time t such strange weather events, but als t test its resilience in endless ptential future emergencies.(这个数字孪生体不仅可以让城市对这种奇怪的天气事件做出实时反应，还可以测试它在未来无尽的潜在紧急情况下的应变能力)”可推知，提到“香椿季风”是为了表明新项目的重要性。故选C。
50．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Chris Jnes, research and develpment manager at Nrthumbrian Water, imagined the prject’s “amazing pssibilities”, saying that in time it culd be applied t any city with accessible data.(诺森伯兰水务公司的研发经理Chris Jnes想象了这个项目“惊人的可能性”，他说，随着时间的推移，它可以应用于任何有可访问数据的城市)”可推知，Chris Jnes对“数字孪生”的态度是支持的。故选D。
51．B 52．A 53．C 54．B 55．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了许多蜘蛛的视力很差，但它们能感知振动，就像一只倒霉的昆虫碰到它们的网时所发生的振动一样。文章介绍了针对蜘蛛感知运动的研究开展情况以及发现。
51．细节理解题。根据第一段“But they can sense vibratins, like thse that happen when an unlucky insect tuches their webs. And instead f eardrums, spiders hear using tiny, sensitive hairs that mve in respnse t sunds. (但它们能感知振动，就像一只倒霉的昆虫碰到它们的网时所发生的振动一样。蜘蛛不是用耳膜，而是用微小而敏感的毛发来听到声音，这些毛发会对声音做出反应)”可知，蜘蛛通过感知昆虫的动作来知道昆虫落在了它们的网上。故选B。
52．细节理解题。根据第三段“Then they played sunds n a ludspeaker. They tracked hw the spiders reacted t different sunds played n a ludspeaker. (然后他们用扬声器播放声音。他们追踪了蜘蛛对扬声器播放的不同声音的反应)”可知，科学家们在实验中通过扬声器播放声音来观察蜘蛛的反应。故选A。
53．细节理解题。根据第五段“Miles said that spiders use their web like a giant extended ear. If an insect is flying nearby, fr instance, “that’s ging t cause the web t vibrate because f the sund,” Miles said. “That kind f gets the spider’s attentin.” (迈尔斯说，蜘蛛的网就像一个巨大的伸出来的耳朵。例如，如果一只昆虫在附近飞行，“这将导致蛛网因为声音而振动，”迈尔斯说。“这样能引起蜘蛛的注意。”)”可知，蜘蛛把它们的网当作一个巨大的耳朵是为了帮助它们探测附近飞行的昆虫。故选C。
54．细节理解题。根据第六段“Spiders might even use their webs t tune in t a variety f sunds. Miles said they suspect that the spider is able t adjust the web’s tensin, r hw tightly they stretch the web. This way, it can pick up certain types f sunds. (蜘蛛甚至可以用它们的网来收听各种各样的声音。迈尔斯说，他们怀疑蜘蛛能够调节网的张力，或者它们把网拉伸得有多紧。通过这种方式，它可以拾取特定类型的声音)”可知，蜘蛛通过调整网的张力来帮助它们捕捉特定类型的声音。故选B。
55．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Miles said: “Mst animals dn’t hear that way; they sense the mtin f the air.” Future micrphnes, like thse used in hearing aids, culd smeday have a design like this in mind. (迈尔斯说：“大多数动物听不到这种声音；它们能感觉到空气的运动。”未来的麦克风，比如用于助听器的麦克风，有一天可能会有这样的设计)”可知，Miles认为研究蜘蛛的意义是可能会产生能感知空气运动的麦克风。故选D。
56．The team tk part in the debate cmpetitin.
57．The examples f Olympic athletes r ther real-life peple. 58．It means pull yurself tgether.
59．The breakthrugh and the pure friendship I gained.
60．Friends respect and trust each ther.
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。讲述了作者去年参加创意英语大赛总总决赛夏令营的内容和收获。
56．细节理解题。根据第三段中“August 24 witnessed the imprtant debate cntest that many f us feared. The night befre, my teammates and I sat in a circle, fcusing ur minds n the debate tpic, “Des cmpetitin amng friends adversely influence their friendships?”(8月24日见证了我们许多人担心的重要辩论赛。前一天晚上，我和队友们围成一圈，集中精力讨论辩论的主题:“朋友之间的竞争会对他们的友谊产生负面影响吗?”)”可知，这个团队在夏令营参加了辩论赛。故回答The team tk part in the debate cmpetitin.
57．细节理解题。根据第四段“All f us were busy searching fr examples f Olympic athletes r ther real-life peple t back up ur arguments. Time seemed t disappear faster than usual while we were wrking n this prject.(我们所有人都在忙着寻找奥运会运动员或其他现实生活中的人的例子来支持我们的论点。在我们做这个项目的时候，时间似乎过得比平时快)”可知，他们准备了奥运会运动员或其他现实生活中的人的例子来支持他们的论点。故回答：The examples f Olympic athletes r ther real-life peple.
58．词句猜测题。根据第三段“August 24 witnessed the imprtant debate cntest that many f us feared.(8月24日见证了我们许多人担心的重要辩论赛)”可知，“我”担心辩论比赛，在根据第五段中“Preparing the details in my head allwed me t feel ready fr the challenge. With my teammates backing me up, I drew myself up t full height and expressed my pint f view as best as I culd.(在脑海中准备好细节让我觉得自己已经为挑战做好了准备。在队友的支持下，我挺直了身子，尽我所能地表达了我的观点)”可知，此处是对前文“Brace yurself and shw yur best.”这句话的具体表现，所以可推知“Brace yurself”应是不要担心振作起来之意。故回答：It means pull yurself tgether.
59．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Frm thse eight days, it isn’t the prize I valued the mst but the breakthrugh and the pure friendship I gained. It wuld be better t change my mtr int “Brace yurself and fight tgether.” I firmly hld the belief that this perid f time will live in my memry frever and will shine even brighter when I lk back.(在这8天里，我最看重的不是奖金，而是我获得的突破和纯洁的友谊。不如把我的口号改成“打起精神，一起战斗”我坚信，这段时间将永远活在我的记忆中，当我回想起来时，会更加明亮)”可知，本文的主题，是讲述了作者通过8天的夏令营，突破了自己并获得了纯洁的友谊。故回答：The breakthrugh and the pure friendship I gained.
60．开放性问题。在我看来，朋友间相互尊重，相互信任是保持友谊最好的方法。故回答：Friends respect and trust each ther.
61．A Teacher-Student Basketball Friendly
Last Sunday, ur schl rganised a friendly basketball match between students and teachers, in an effrt t enrich students’ schl life.
Bathed in sunshine, players frm Grade 3 cmpeted against their teachers in the field, with all the rest students watching excitedly in the bleachers. Bth teams were playing at their best in high spirits. Althugh the teachers dminated the game at first, the students did nt give up and tried t intercept every pass frm their ppnents. The match was filled with great dynamics and interesting plays, ending in a draw f 2: 2.
The exciting game nt nly helped relieve the students’ intense pressure caused by heavy wrklad, but als strengthened their relatinship with the teachers.
【导语】本书面表达属于应用文。要求考生对学校组织的师生篮球友谊赛写一篇英文报道并写一下活动的反响。
【详解】1.词汇积累
组织：rganise →hld
最初：at first → in the beginning
充满了：be filled with →be full f
加强：strengthen →build up
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last Sunday, ur schl rganised a friendly ftball match between students and teachers, in an effrt t enrich students’ schl life.
拓展句：Last Sunday, ur schl rganised a friendly ftball match between students and teachers, which was aimed t enrich students’ schl life.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Bathed in sunshine, players frm Grade 3 cmpeted against their teachers in the field, with all the rest students watching excitedly in the bleachers.（运用了分词作状语和with的复合结构）
【高分句型2】The exciting game nt nly helped relieve the students’ intense pressure caused by heavy wrklad, but als strengthened their relatinship with the teachers.（运用了nt nly…but als…连接并列结构和分词作定语）
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