2022-2023学年湖北省黄冈市、黄石市、鄂州市三市高一(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)
展开一、阅读理解:本大题共15小题,共37.5分。
A
Lcated in the middle f Turkey,the Cappadcia regin is visited by millins f turists each year wh g fr its vlcanic rck frmatins,clrful cliffs and valleys,and ancient buildings carved int the rck.Here are sme f the best things t d if yu are visiting Cappadcia.
Ht air balln ride
Perhaps ne f the best ways t see Cappadcia's landscape is frm the sky.A ppular activity fr turists is a ht air balln ride ver the regin,which is hme t Greme Natinal Park,a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site.As they fly,turists can watch the natural rck twer frmatins knwn as "fairy chimneys" pass underneath,jining as many as 150 clrful ballns in the air n the same day.
Explring undergrund cities
Cappadcia is als knwn fr the 200 r mre undergrund cities carved int its sft vlcanic rck.The largest f these cities,Derinkuyu,has 18 levels f tunnels and culd be ver 3,000 years ld.Rediscvered in the 1960s,it is ne f several undergrund cities in the area that are nw pen t the public.
ATV turs
Fr a higher-energy experience,cnsider an all-terrain vehicle(ATV)tur.Often lasting arund tw hurs,the turs will stp at sme f the tp places t take pictures and enjy the view.The best time f day t d an ATV tur is at sunset,when the rcks reflect the light frm the sun in pink and red clrs.
Hiking trails
Fr thse wh wuld like t d things mre slwly,the regin als ffers many hiking trails that pass histrical sites and places t enjy the view.Fr example,visitrs can find churches carved int the rck in Rse Valley and see ancient pigen huses—carved int the rck fr raising pigens—n the Pigen Valley hike.
1.What can we knw abut the Derinkuyu? ______
A. It has a lng histry.
B. It stands n a vlcan.
C. It was discvered again in 1960.
D. It is the nly city pen t the public.
2.In which activity are yu mst likely t enjy a breathtaking sunset? ______
A. Hiking trailsB. ATV turs
C. Ht air balln rideD. Explring undergrund cities
3.What d Ht air balln ride and Hiking trails have in cmmn? ______
A. Visitrs can have a slw jurney.
B. Visitrs can enjy a bird's eye view.
C. Visitrs can enjy the view f ancient sites.
D. Visitrs can stp at sme tp places t take phts.
B
It was while watching the mvie The Savages in 2009 that phtgrapher Kendrick Brinsn first caught sight f Sun City,Arizna,a big retirement cmmunity nrthwest f Phenix.The film scene—with bright desert light,glf carts,and tidy rws f farm-style hmes— "had this really strange,very visually interesting lk t it," she says.
Since then,Brinsn,40,has gne every year t phtgraph Sun City's residents,sme f whm have becme her clse friends.Observing the enthusiasm peple have s many activities there,the self-described perfectinist says she learned smething abut herself: "I realized that I dn't have t be great,r even gd at smething.I can just like the way it feels." She's taken up hbbies such as waterclr painting.
Opened in 1960,Sun City bills itself as the Original Fun City,designed fr residents 55 and lder.While retirement cmmunities have rapidly increased acrss the cuntry t meet the needs f graying baby bmers,Sun City remains ne f the largest.Its 14 square miles f palm tree-lined streets feature eight glf curses,eight entertainment centers with seven water facilities,multiple malls,tw libraries,a hspital,and ne cemetery.
The average age f the nearly 40,000 residents is 73.Sun City has been mainly white,but Brinsn says the cmmunity is starting t fcus mre n diversity and inclusiveness.On each visit,she finds herself filled with renewed energy. "It's this purpseful learning,scializing,playfulness that I find super fascinating," she says.
As with any grup f aging peple,lss is very much a part f life at Sun City;sme f Brinsn's friends have passed away.But residents say they dn't quite murn death. "This is nt Gd's waiting rm," ne tld her. "Everyne is active and ding smething."
4.Wh mst likely lived in the Sun City? ______
A. Ann,a cllege studentB. Susan,a retired banker
C. Jhn,an emplyed phtgrapherD. Candy,a newbrn baby
5.What did Brinsn learn frm the Sun City's residents? ______
A. Time and tide wait fr n man.
B. Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.
C. Chances are fr peple wh are prepared.
D. N need t pursue perfectin at sme time.
6.What can we learn abut Sun City accrding t the passage? ______
A. It has neat farm-style huses.
B. It is accessible t peple under 55.
C. It is the biggest entertainment city.
D. It nly accmmdates white residents.
7.What's the residents' attitude tward lss in the Sun City? ______
A. NeutralB. OptimisticC. NegativeD. Unclear
C
At last cunt.Debbie Baker had 3,000 Barbie dlls.Her affectin may seem unusual,but experts agree:Being an excited hbbyist is gd fr yu.
Hbbies reduce stress,says Alice Dmar,directr f the Mind&;-Bdy Center fr Wmen's Health at Harvard Medical Schl.They keep yu frm everyday wrries:If yu're fcused n the pttery yu're making.yu can't be anxius abut yur wrk.says Dmar.And knitting.r anything requiring repeated mtin,inspires the relaxatin respnse,a feeling f verall peace.marked by lwered bld pressure.
Hbbies prvide a calming sense f cntrl,says Dmar,and research suggests this strengthens yur bdy.Yu may have little say at wrk,but when yu're wdwrking,yu're in charge.Yu get the credit and satisfactin f a jb well dne.
As we knw,physical activity extends life,but a recent Swedish study shwed less active activities are healthy as well.Peple wh regularly tk part in hbbies such as sewing and gardening were less likely t suffer mental decline.Similar research in The New England Jurnal f Medicine fund that thse wh went after mind—bsting activities—such as crsswrd puzzles—lwered their risk f Alzheimer's disease r ther dementia(老年痴呆症). "Any hbby that challenges the brain shuld have a psitive effect n dementia risk." says lead authr Je Verghese.a neurlgist.
Many hbbies are scial.Frm dealing cards at bridge t exchanging tips with ther cllectrs-establishing clse relatinship with like-minded suls betters health.A Japanese study f almst 12,000 peple fund that men wh were invlved in hbbies r cmmunity activities were less likely t die f strke r circulatry disrders than thse wh didn't.
S keep fishing r cllecting dlls.Others may think yu' re crazy—yu knw therwise.
8.Why des the authr mentin Debbie Baker in the first paragraph? ______
A. T intrduce the tpic.
B. T shw the influence f dlls.
C. T cmpare with experts' pinin.
D. T stress the imprtance f cllecting dlls.
9.Why d peple like wdwrking? ______
A. It helps get relaxed.
B. It helps imprve intelligence.
C. It helps reduce bld pressure.
D. It helps have a sense f achievement
10.Which hbby mst likely reduces the risk f dementia? ______
A. Watching TV.B. Cllecting cards.
C. Playing bridge.D. Fast walking.
11.Where des the text mst prbably cme frm? ______
A. A science fictin.B. A news reprt.
C. A dll advertisement.D. A health magazine.
D
Mr.Asada is just ne f many grwers in Shizuka,ne f Japan's largest wasabi-grwing(山葵种植)regins,wh must face rising challenges frm glbal warming and the effect f untended hazards have gradually weakened the centuries-ld culture f wasabi in the area and damaged the future f ne f the area's mst imprtant agricultural prducts and its turism business.
Over the last decade,the number f wasabi prduced in Shizuka has drpped by clse t 55 percent,accrding t the Department f Agriculture,Frestry and Fisheries.The wasabi that cmes in tubes and packets is actually a mixture f wasabi and hrseradish(辣根)—r includes n wasabi at all.These days.almst nly expensive restaurants have access t fresh wasabi.giving their custmers a chance t experience the unique flavr and traditinal culture f wasabi.
Wasabi plants grw up in spring water that flws dwn frm the muntains,helping t imprve their flavr and sweetness.Over time.lcal grwers say,the spring water has wrsened in quality due t a large number f cypress trees which grw like crazy in the untended frests.
Glbal warming has upset the balance even further.The delicate wasabi plants,which take mre than a year t be full-grwn,d best in cnditins n higher than abut 70 degrees Fahrenheit.In recent years,heat waves in Japan have regularly pushed temperatures int the 90s and even abve 100 degrees.causing mre stems t rt.
Gvernment researchers and lcal grwers have started t experiment with crssbreeding in an effrt t develp better wasabi varieties that will grw strng even in the rising heat.The challenge is that.unlike with ther crps such as cucumbers r tmates.getting seeds and grwing seedlings frm wasabi requires advanced technlgy.Mst grwers rely n specialized cmpanies t clne seedlings in labs and greenhuses.Crssbreeding new varieties needs difficult pllinatin(授粉)effrts,and mst f all.time.
12.What's the meaning f the underlined wrd "hazards" in paragraph 1? ______
A. signalsB. adventuresC. threatsD. measures
13.What can we learn abut wasabi accrding t the text? ______
A. It is ppular in Japan.
B. It likes high temperature.
C. It is damaged by the cypress trees.
D. It will develp int new species very sn.
14.Hw d researchers help t grw wasabi in Japan? ______
A. They attempt t get seeds frm wasabi.
B. They make effrts t develp species standing the heat.
C. They depend n cmpanies t clne seedlings.
D. They help cmplete the prcess f pllinatin.
15.What is the best title fr the text? ______
A. Wasabi under severe threats
B. Glbal warming risks wasabi
C. Wasabi—a ppular fd chice
D. Researchers and grwers are saving wasabi
二、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共12.5分。
Are yu struggling t be yurself at wrk?Tired f being behind schedule?( 1) ______ But relax,it happens t everyne.Here are sme imprtant wrk tips yu can fllw t imprve yur prductivity.
Fcus On One Task
Sme peple have the habit f multitasking.which is great but it might distract yu frm the bigger picture.Multitasking might help yu with different tasks and yu might als feel like the jack f all trades. (2) ______ Fcus n ne task at a time.this will allw yu t cmplete that task with high standards.When the said task is dne.yu can mve n t the next ne.
( 3) ______
Regular breaks are actually great at the wrkplace.They help in reducing stress and als increase yur verall prductivity.Mst wrkplaces ensure that their emplyees take regular breaks,which enhances their verall prductivity.Yu can als try this apprach at hme.Take breaks f 15 minutes after wrking fr abut an hur.Mve away frm wrk and fcus n yurself.then return back t wrk.This will allw yu t prceed with wrk effectively.
Set Small But Effective Gals
( 4) ______ What matters is hw yu deal with them.Yu can break any large task int small but manageable tasks.which will help yu stay prductive and will als make the best f time.Think f it like building blcks and yu will have t fcus n ne small task at a time but the end result will be fascinating.
Try Fllwing The "Tw-Minute" Rule
The Tw Minute rule is basically abut making the best ut f small windws at wrk.If there is a task at wrk.and yu can d it in 2 minutes then yu d it in n time. (5) ______ This als increases yur prductivity.
A.Learn T Take A Break
B.Get Relaxed During Breaks
C.Yu are definitely having prductivity prblems.
D.Yu will be given large and difficult tasks at wrk.
E.But yur prductivity wn't increase in the lng run.
F.In rder t make the mst f yur time,fcus yur mind n yur wn prductivity.
G.When yu cmplete that small task.yu dn't have t waste mre time getting back t it.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空:本大题共15小题,共15分。
When I'm asked what the biggest culture shck is fr me after cming t America,my answer will be the fd.Eating rast turkey at Christmas always makes me hmesick.What a fd (1) ______ is nt nly abut the taste,but als the sense f (2) ______ and the cncern frm lved nes.
I spent my high schl years in a city far away frm my hmetwn.I lived at a schl apartment fr mst f the year and culd nly g hme during lng (3) ______ .Getting ff the train,unladed the heavy luggage,stepping int the (4) ______ huse,ne thing that never changed was a steaming bwl f kelp (海带) and prk rib (排骨) sup n the table.This is a dish that requires half f a day t (5) ______ .Peple wh want t ck it fr supper need t start preparing at (6) ______ ,putting kelp and prk rib in water and letting them (7) ______ ver lw heat fr several hurs.
The prcess f waiting fr this dish t be ready is like a mther (8) ______ awaiting her sn's return.When the time is up and the lid (盖子) is (9) ______ ,it's like when I pen the dr cming hme.Kelp (10) ______ with the ht sup int my stmach,( 11) ______ my bdy and heart.The sup (12) ______ the hmecming f a traveler and a mther's (13) ______ fr her sn.The taste f the sup is (14) ______ ,similar t my mm's gentle lve fr me,which makes me feel warm withut any (15) ______ f wrds.
21.A. signalsB. cntainsC. representsD. delivers
22.A. happinessB. satisfactinC. belngingD. achievement
23.A. cursesB. ceremniesC. termsD. breaks
24.A. preciusB. missingC. familiarD. special
25.A. cmpleteB. cnfirmC. cnsumeD. cnduct
26.A. midnightB. nnC. dawnD. dusk
27.A. rastB. mixC. stirD. stew
28.A. eagerlyB. excitedlyC. wrriedlyD. fearfully
29.A. attachedB. cveredC. brkenD. lifted
30.A. flatedB. sankC. flwedD. spilt
31.A. keeping upB. warming upC. building upD. setting up
32.A. disguisesB. transmitsC. reflectsD. replaces
33.A. anxietyB. desireC. expectatinD. passin
34.A. spicyB. mildC. bitterD. unique
35.A. expressinB. illustratinC. descriptinD. impressin
四、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。
36.Fr mre than 2,000 years,the teachings f Cnfucius(1) ______ (be)an imprtant part f Chinese culture.Schlars in ancient China were expected(2) ______ (educate)in the philsphy and mral values f Cnfucius.Even tday,Cnfucian thught is still greatly valued(3) ______ in China and in ther East Asian cuntries.
When yu read the writings f Cnfucius,yu will see a cnstantly appearing wrd,a Chinese character that represents the heart f Cnfucian thught:(4) ______ character ren.What is ren?If yu lk(5) ______ (clse)at the written character,yu can understand(6) ______ it means.The left—hand element f the character represents a persn:the element n the right stands fr the number tw.The tw elements,when(7) ______ (jin),indicate relatinships between individuals,r with all f sciety.
Cnfucius taught that ren was the(8) ______ (high)mral principle,the standard(9) ______ which all ther mrals were measured.Mencius,ne f the greatest schlars famus fr his in-depth(10) ______ (analyze)f Cnfucian thinking,explained ren like this: "lve ne's parents,lve peple,lve everything in the wrld." This kind f lve shuld direct everything we d.It leads the way t all ther virtues in life.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
五、书面表达:本大题共2小题,共40分。
37.假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Chris对中国民族传统节日很感兴趣,请写信邀请他暑假来中国和你一起去内蒙古旅游,体验当地7月21日到23日举办的那达慕大会,内容包括:
(1)那达慕大会简介;
(2)旅游的基本计划。
注意:
(1)写作词数应为80左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇:
(1)the Naadam Festival那达慕大会
(2)Inner Mnglia内蒙古
Dear Chris,
______
Yurs sincerely, Li Hua
38.I entered my freshman year f high schl with a philsphy:wrk hard and d whatever 1 culd succeed at.I thught I wuld make sme impressive achievements in this way.I wuldn't waste my time n areas I was nt gd at.
And this philsphy served me well.I wrked hard n my lessns and pian practice,which I had talent fr,and gt the results I wanted.usually in the shape f gd grades and rewards.My friends laughed abut my all-r-nthing attitude,but I thught it was the nly sure path t success.
At the beginning f the secnd year f high schl.I fully intended t keep the same attitude.Then I jined the schl crss-cuntry running team.a year after I had watched crss-cuntry races.I jined mainly because my brther was n the team;he was entering his senir year,and I wanted t spend mre time with him befre he left fr cllege.Als,many f my friends were n the team.and they had been trying t persuade me t jin them fr mnths.
When I came t the first practice.I was filled with ptimism and dreamed f being an excellent runner.But as the distance we ran each practice gradually increased.I realized hwever hard I tried.I was the slwest n the team.And the muscle injury was ften intlerable.What was the pint f putting me thrugh s much pain?I'd never be an excellent runner.Fr the first few weeks.I had been thinking f giving up.
Then we had ur first crss-cuntry meet.When we gt ff the bus at Lamille High Schl.dressed in ur blue unifrms with ur team name shwn n the shirts.the sight f the ther teams warming up made me anxius.I thught I wuld let my team dwn.And I guessed my cach and teammates wuld be disappinted at my perfrmance and blame me.This thught made me decide t quit the crss-cuntry running team after the race.
Nw.lking at the tugh curse made up f a series f shrt.steep(陡峭的)hills.I std silently with my teammates.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为 150 左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答,
Tgether,we jgged t the starting line.________
Surprisingly,my cach and teammates were smiling and cheering fr me.__________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、B、C
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据小标题Explring undergrund cities下面段落The largest f these cities,Derinkuyu,has 18 levels f tunnels and culd be ver 3,000 years ld.Rediscvered in the 1960s,it is ne f several undergrund cities in the area that are nw pen t the public.(其中最大的城市,德林库尤,有18层隧道,可能有3000多年的历史。它在20世纪60年代被重新发现,是该地区现在向公众开放的几个地下城市之一。)可知, Derinkuyu有着3,000多年的悠久历史。A.It has a lng histry.它有着悠久的历史;B.It stands n a vlcan.它坐落在一座火山上;C.It was discvered again in 1960.它在1960年再次被发现;D.It is the nly city pen t the public.它是唯一对公众开放的城市。故选A。
(2)细节理解题。根据小标题ATV turs下面段落The best time f day t d an ATV tur is at sunset,when the rcks reflect the light frm the sun in pink and red clrs.(一天中进行亚视之旅的最佳时间是日落时分,此时岩石反射出粉红色和红色的阳光。)可知,在夕阳西下时最适合进行ATV游览。故选B。
(3)推理判断题。根据小标题Ht air balln ride下面段落a ht air balln ride ver the regin,which is hme t Greme Natinal Park,a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site(乘坐热气球飞越该地区,这里是联合国教科文组织世界遗产戈雷梅国家公园的所在地)以及Hiking trails下面段落the regin als ffers many hiking trails that pass histrical sites and places t enjy the view.(该地区还提供许多徒步旅行路线,经过历史遗迹和欣赏风景的地方。)可知,Ht air balln ride 和Hiking trails都可途经历史遗迹。故选C。
这篇短文主要介绍了土耳其卡帕多西亚地区的特色和旅游活动。卡帕多西亚地区以其火山岩石形态、多彩的悬崖和山谷以及雕刻在岩石中的古建筑而吸引了数百万游客。游客们可以选择乘坐热气球从空中俯瞰卡帕多西亚的景观,也可以探索雕刻在软火山岩中的地下城市。此外,游客还可以参加全地形车(ATV)之旅或徒步旅行,欣赏历史遗迹和美景。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】B、D、A、B
【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第一段中It was while watching the mvie The Savages in 2009 that phtgrapher Kendrick Brinsn first caught sight f Sun City,Arizna,a big retirement cmmunity nrthwest f Phenix.(2009年,摄影师Kendrick Brinsn在观看电影《野蛮人》时,第一次看到了亚利桑那州太阳城,这是凤凰城西北部的一个大型退休社区。),以及第三段中designed fr residents 55 and lder.(专为55岁及以上居民设计。)可知,太阳城是专为55岁以上居民设计的退休社区。故Susan,一位退休银行家,符合居住条件。故选B项。
(2)推理判断题。根据第二段中the self-described perfectinist says she learned smething abut herself: "I realized that I dn't have t be great,r even gd at smething.I can just like the way it feels."(这位自称完美主义者的人说,她从自己身上学到了一些东西:"我意识到,我不需要非常出色,甚至不需要擅长某件事。我只是喜欢这种感觉。")可知,Brinsn形容自己为完美主义者,但她开始意识到,自己可以不用那么伟大,甚至不用擅长做某事。由此推知,Brinsn从太阳城居民那里学到了,有时没有必要追求完美。A.Time and tide wait fr n man.时间不等人;B.Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.有志者事竟成;C.Chances are fr peple wh are prepared.机会属于有准备的人;D.N need t pursue perfectin at sme time.有些时候没必要追求完美。故选D项。
(3)推理判断题。根据第一段It was while watching the mvie The Savages in 2009 that phtgrapher Kendrick Brinsn first caught sight f Sun City,Arizna,a big retirement cmmunity nrthwest f Phenix.The film scene—with bright desert light,glf carts,and tidy rws f farm-style hmes(2009年,摄影师Kendrick Brinsn在观看电影《野蛮人》时,第一次看到了亚利桑那州太阳城,这是凤凰城西北部的一个大型退休社区。电影场景——明亮的沙漠灯光,高尔夫球车,一排排整洁的农家乐)可知,Brinsn在电影中第一次看到了太阳城的景色:明亮的沙漠风光,高尔夫球车和一排排整齐的农家乐。故选A项。
(4)观点态度题。根据最后一段But residents say that they dn't quite murn death(但居民们表示,他们并不哀悼死亡)"和"Everyne is active and ding smething(每个人都很活跃,都在做一些事情)可知,太阳城的居民并不哀悼死亡,而每个人都在积极的做一些事情。由此推知,他们对死亡持积极乐观的态度。A.Neutral中立的;B.Optimistic乐观的;C.Negative否定的;D.Unclear不清楚的。故选B项。
本文是一篇记叙文,描述了摄影师Kendrick Brinsn在美国太阳城退休社区的所见所闻,以及太阳城居民乐观积极的生活态度。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】A、D、C、D
【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第一自然段Debbie Baker had 3,000 Barbie dlls(Debbie Baker有3000个芭比娃娃)和Being an excited hbbyist is gd fr yu(做一个兴奋的业余爱好者对你有好处),可知Debbie Baker喜欢收藏芭比娃娃,并且专家认为成为一个业余爱好者是有好处的。在接下来的几个段落,作者分别呈现了爱好带来的几个方面的好处。所以作者提到Debbie Baker的目的是引出文章主题,故选A项。
(2)推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句话Yu may have little say at wrk,but when yu're wdwrking,yu're in charge.Yu get the credit and satisfactin f a jb well dne.(你可能在工作中没有多少发言权,但当你在做木工时,你就是主导者。你会因为工作做得好而获得荣誉和满足感。)可知,人们在进行木工工作时会得到一种成就感,故选D项。
(3)细节理解题。根据第四段中thse wh went after mind-bsting activities—such as crsswrd puzzles—lwered their risk f Alzheimer's disease r ther dementia(那些参加益智活动(如填字游戏)的人患阿尔茨海默病或其他痴呆症的风险降低了)可知脑力活动能够降低患老年痴呆症的风险,玩桥牌属于脑力活动,故选C项。
(4)文章出处题。纵观全文,可知第一自然段Being an excited hbbyist is gd fr yu.(做一个兴奋的业余爱好者对你有好处)引出文章主题——成为一名疯狂的业余爱好者是对你有好处的。然后作者在接下里的自然段里分别陈述了爱好给人体带来的好处。所以本文应该选自健康杂志。A.A science fictin.一部科幻小说;B.A news reprt.新闻报道;C.A dll advertisement.玩偶广告;D.A health magazine.一本健康杂志。故选D项。
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了爱好给人带来的一些好处。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】C、A、B、A
【解析】(1)词句猜测题。根据第一段中Mr.Asada is just ne f many grwers in Shizuka,ne f Japan's largest wasabi-grwing regins,wh must face rising challenges frm glbal warming and the effect f untended frests (Mr.Asada只是日本最大的山葵种植区静冈的众多种植者之一,他们必须面对全球变暖和无人看管的森林带来的日益严峻的挑战。)可知,hazards指代上文中提到的全球变暖、无人管理的森林带来的威胁。A.signals信号;B.adventure冒险;C.threats威胁;D.measures措施。故选C项。
(2)推理判断题。根据第一段中Mr.Asada is just ne f many grwers in Shizuka,ne f Japan's largest wasabi-grwing regins.(Mr.Asada只是日本最大的山葵种植区静冈的众多种植者之一)可知,山葵在日本很受欢迎,故选A项。
(3)推理判断题。根据第五段中Gvernment researchers and lcal grwers have started t experiment with crssbreeding in an effrt t develp better wasabi varieties that will grw strng even in the rising heat. (政府研究人员和当地种植者已经开始进行杂交试验,以开发更好的山葵品种,即使在高温下也能长得很强壮)可知,他们努力开发能承受高温的山葵品种。故选B项。
(4)标题归纳题。根据第一段中Mr.Asada is just ne f many grwers in Shizuka,ne f Japan's largest wasabi-grwing regins,wh must face rising challenges frm glbal warming and the effect f untended frests (Mr.Asada只是日本最大的山葵种植区静冈的众多种植者之一,他们必须面对全球变暖和无人看管的森林带来的日益严峻的挑战。)可知,文章第一段指出山葵种植者必须面临全球变暖和无人管理的森林影响带来的日益严峻的挑战,引出文章的主题。第三、四段分别详细讲述全球变暖和无人管理的森林对山葵带来的具体威胁;最后一段介绍研究人员和种植者如何应对这些威胁。由此可知,该篇文章主要描述了山葵面临的严重威胁。A.Wasabi under severe threats受到严重威胁的山葵;B.Glbal warming risks wasabi全球变暖使山葵面临危险;C.Wasabi—a ppular fd chice山葵---一种受欢迎的食物选择;D.Researchers and grwers are saving wasabi研究人员和种植者正在拯救山葵。故选A项。
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在日本备受欢迎的山葵正面临着的威胁。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】C、E、A、D、G
【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据下文But relax,it happens t everyne.(但是放轻松吧,这发生在每个人身上。)中的转折连词but及代词it可知,设空处描述一件普遍存在的不好的事或问题,且段末Here are sme imprtant wrk tips yu can fllw t imprve yur prductivity. (这里有一些重要的工作建议,你遵循它们能够提高工作效率。)点明了问题关于工作效率。C项"你一定也有工作效率的问题。"符合语境。故选C。
(2)推理判断题。根据上文Multitasking might help yu with different tasks and yu might als feel like the jack f all trades. (多任务处理可以帮助你处理不同的任务,你可能觉得自己是个万事通。)以及结合后文Fcus n ne task at a time.this will allw yu t cmplete that task with high standards. (一次只专注于一项任务,这会让你高标准地完成任务。)可知,空前强调处理多个任务,空后强调专注于一项任务,故设空处应该与前文构成转折关系。E项"但是从长远来看,你的工作效率不会提高。"符合语境。故选E。
(3)标题归纳题。根据后文"Regular breaks are actually great at the wrkplace.They help in reducing stress and als increase yur verall prductivity. (在工作场所有规律的休息其实很好。它们有助于减轻压力,还能提高你的整体效率。)"可知,本段讲述的是在工作之余要休息才能缓解压力提高工作效率。A项"学会休息。"概括本段主要内容。故选A。
(4)推理判断题。根据下文"What matters is hw yu deal with them.Yu can break any large task int small but manageable tasks (重要的是你如何应对它们。你可以把任何大的任务分成小的但易于管理的任务。)"中的代词them可知,设空处须交代相应的任务内容,此处强调的是"把任何大的任务分成小的但易于管理的任务"即them指代的是"任务"。D项"你会在工作中被分配大任务及难任务。"符合语境。故选D。
(5)细节理解题。根据下文This als increases yur prductivity. (这也会提高你的工作效率。)中的代词this可知,设空处描述的是一种提高工作效率的方法。同时,本段标题为Try fllwing the "Tw-Minute" Rule (尝试遵循"两分钟"法则。)说明设空处与时间管理有关。强调完成了那项小任务,就不必再浪费时间重做了,由此提高了工作效率,G项"当你完成了那项小任务,就不必再浪费时间重做了。"符合语境。故选G。
本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几种提高工作效率的方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读,和完形填空很类似,不同的是一个选词,一个选句子。解题时,要注意上下文语境,充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词),选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、C、D、C、A、B、D、A、D、C、B、C、D、B、A
【解析】(1)考查动词及语境理解。A.signals发信号,示意;B.cntains包含;C.represents象征;D.delivers递送。句意:食物所包含的不仅仅是味道,还有归属感和来自亲人的关心。根据后文的"is nt nly abut the taste,but als the sense f (2)and the cncern frm lved nes."可知,食物包含味道,还有归属感和来自亲人的关心。故选B项。
(2)考查名词及语境理解。A.happiness幸福;B.satisfactin满足;C.belnging归属;D.achievement成就。句意:食物所包含的不仅仅是味道,还有归属感和来自亲人的关心。根据前文的"Eating rast turkey at Christmas always makes me hmesick."可知,圣诞节吃烤火鸡总让我想家,故食物包含有归属感。故选C项。
(3)考查名词及语境理解。A.curses课程;B.ceremnies仪式;C.terms学期;D.breaks假期。句意:一年中大部分时间我都住在学校的公寓里,只有在长假期才能回家。根据上文"live at a schl apartment fr mst f the year"以及下文"Getting ff the train"可知,是放假期间回家。故选D项。
(4)考查形容词及语境理解。A.precius珍贵的;B.missing不见了的;C.familiar熟悉的;D.special特殊的。句意:下了火车,卸下沉重的行李,走进熟悉的房子,有一件事从未改变,那就是桌子上一碗热气腾腾的海带排骨汤。根据前文的"Getting ff the train,unladed the heavy luggage"和后文的"huse"可知,作者走下火车,取了行李,步入熟悉的家。故选C项。
(5)考查动词及语境理解。A.cmplete完成;B.cnfirm确认;C.cnsume消耗;D.cnduct执行。句意:这是一道需要半天才能完成的菜。根据上文"the dish require half a day"可知,这道菜需要半天的时间去完成。故选A项。
(6)考查名词及语境理解。A.midnight半夜;B.nn中午;C.dawn黎明;D.dusk黄昏。句意:晚餐想做这道菜的人需要从中午开始准备,把海带和排骨放在水里,用小火炖几个小时。依据前文"requires half a day t cmplete"以及"ck it fr supper"可知,至少要半天时间才能炖好,那么晚上吃,就必须中午炖。故选B项。
(7)考查动词及语境理解。A.rast烤;B.mix混合;C.stir搅拌;D.stew炖。句意:晚餐想做这道菜的人需要从中午开始准备,把海带和排骨放在水里,用小火炖几个小时。根据前文"steaming bwl f kelp and prk rib"热气腾腾的海带排骨汤,结合生活常理可推断应是炖汤。故选D项。
(8)考查副词及语境理解。A.eagerly急切地;B.excitedly激动地;C.wrriedly担忧地;D.fearfully害怕地。句意:等待这道菜做好的过程就像一位母亲急切地等待儿子的归来。根据前文的"waiting fr the dish t be ready"可知,食客等待食物的过程是满怀期望而急切的,因此用它来比喻母亲等待儿子的过程也是急切的,而激动是见面后的心理特征。故选A项。
(9)考查动词及语境理解。A.attached把……附上;B.cvered覆盖;C.brken打碎;D.lifted 提起。句意:当时间到了,盖子被打开,就像我打开回家的门一样。根据前文"When the time is up and the lid"时间到了,盖子显然是被提起来。故选D项。
(10)考查动词及语境理解。A.flated漂浮;B.sank下沉;C.flwed流动;D.spilt洒,泼。句意:海带随着热汤流进我的胃里,温暖了我的身心。根据后文"with the ht sup int my stmach"可知,文中此处描绘了海带汤流淌入腹中的画面。只有flw可以表示液体的自然流动,符合语境。故选C项。
(11)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.keeping up跟上;B.warming up使温暖;C.building up建造;D.setting up建立。句意:海带随着热汤流进我的胃里,温暖了我的身心。根据前文的"Kelp(10)with the ht sup int my stmach"和后文的"my bdy and heart"可知,海带热汤温暖了我的身体和内心。故选B项。
(12)考查动词及语境理解。A.disguises伪装;B.transmits传输;C.reflects反映;D.replaces代替。句意:这汤反映了一个旅行者的回家和母亲对儿子的爱。根据前文的"Peple wh want t ck it fr supper need t start preparing at(6),putting kelp and prk rib in water and letting them(7)ver lw heat fr several hurs."和后文"the hmecming f a traveler and a mther's(13)fr her sn."可知,这碗汤母亲花费了很多精力,故这碗汤反映了母亲对儿子的爱。故选C项。
(13)考查名词及语境理解。A.anxiety焦虑;B.desire渴望;C.expectatin期待;D.passin爱。句意:这汤反映了一个旅行者的回家和母亲对儿子的爱。此处表达反映了母亲的爱。根据前文的"Peple wh want t ck it fr supper need t start preparing at (6),putting kelp and prk rib in water and letting them(7)ver lw heat fr several hurs."和后文" (13)fr her sn."可知,这碗汤母亲花费了很多精力,故这碗汤反映了母亲对儿子的爱。故选D项。
(14)考查形容词及语境理解。A.spicy辛辣的;B.mild温和的;C.bitter苦的;D.unique 独特的。句意:汤的味道是温和的,类似于我妈妈对我温柔的爱,让我感到温暖,任何语言都无法表达。根据后文的"similar t my mm's gentle lve fr me,which makes me feel warm withut any(15)f wrds."可知,本空和后文中gentle"温柔的"相呼应。故选B项。
(15)考查名词及语境理解。A.expressin表达;B.illustratin阐述;C.descriptin描述;D.impressin印象。句意:汤的味道是温和的,类似于我妈妈对我温柔的爱,让我感到温暖,任何语言都无法表达。根据前文的"The sup(12)the hmecming f a traveler and a mther's(13)fr her sn.The taste f the sup is(14),similar t my mm's gentle lve fr me,which makes me feel warm"可知,全文之中母亲虽没有用言语表达爱,却用一道精心准备的海带排骨汤温暖了我的内心,让我感到深深的母爱。故而推断出爱是无需言语表达的。故选A项。
本文是一篇记叙文,主要描述了"我"追忆求学时光,每次放假归家品尝母亲烹饪的海带排骨汤,不仅温暖了"我"的内心 ,更让"我"感到无言而深沉的母爱。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化,试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽,综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格,所以,必须先通读一至两遍,才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。选择答案时,要考虑整个句子的内容,包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后,再通读一遍文章,检查是否通顺流畅,用词得当,意思正确。
36.【答案】【小题1】have been
【小题2】t be educated
【小题3】bth
【小题4】the
【小题5】clsely
【小题6】what
【小题7】jined
【小题8】highest
【小题9】by
【解析】(1)考查动词时态。句意:两千多年来,孔子的教诲一直是中国文化的重要组成部分。根据空前的"fr mre than 2000 years"可知,句子的谓语动词要用现在完成时,并且主语"the teachings f Cnfucius"中的"the teachings"为复数。故填have been。
(2)考查动词不定式。句意:中国古代的学者期望接受孔子的哲学和道德价值观的教育。设空处前的"were expected"可知,短语"be expected t d sth."意为"期望做某事",且Schlars in ancient China与动词educate(教育)为动宾关系,故用过去分词educated表被动。故填t be educated。
(3)考查连词。句意:即使在今天,儒家思想在中国和其他东亚国家仍然非常受重视。意为"不仅……而且……,……和……(两者)都",用于连接两个并列的事物,空后面的"in China"和"in ther East Asian cuntries"为并列关系,且两者之间又有"and"。故填bth。
(4)考查冠词。句意:当你阅读孔子的著作时,你会看到一个不断出现的词,一个代表儒家思想核心的汉字:"仁"。空前"a Chinese character"与空后的"character ren"为同一事物,都指的是汉字"仁";上文提到的事物,在下文再次提及时,则名词前需要用定冠词the。故填the。
(5)考查副词。句意:如果你近看这文字,你就能明白它的意思。设空处前面的词为动词"lk",故此处应用副词修饰动词。故填clsely。
(6)考查宾语从句。句意:如果你近看这文字,你就能明白它的意思。此处引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语,表示"什么"。故填what。
(7)考查状语从句的省略。句意:当这两个元素结合在一起时,表明了个人之间或与整个社会的关系。状语从句中when后省略了they are,they代替the tw elements。根据句意得知"the tw elements"应是"被结合在一起",故they与jin(结合)构成动宾关系,此处填过去分词jined做状语。故填jined。
(8)考查形容词。句意:孔子教导说,仁是最高的道德原则,是衡量所有其他道德的标准。根据句意得知,"孔子教导仁是最高级的道德原则",结合空前定冠词the,故本空应填形容词最高级highest(最高的)。故填highest。
(9)考查介词。句意:孔子教导说,仁是最高的道德原则,是衡量所有其他道德的标准。the standard为先行词,其后为其定语从句。"be measured by"为固定搭配,故空后面是由"介词+which" 引导的非限制性定语从句,故填by。
(10)考查不可数名词。句意:孟子,一位伟大学者以深入的分析儒家思想而闻名,这样解释仁:"爱父母,爱人,爱世界上的一切。"设空处前的"in -depth"为形容词,表示"彻底的,深入的",故其后应接名词analysis(分析),为不可数名词。故填analysis。
文本是一篇说明文,主要介绍了孔子思想中"仁"的概念。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上,灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有:固定的短语,词类的转换,名词的复数形式,副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此,这就需要在平时的学习中,牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Dear Chris,
I hpe this letter finds yu well.Learning yur enthusiasm abut Chinese ethnic festival,I'm writing t invite yu t jin me in experiencing the Naadam Festival in Inner Mnglia this summer vacatin.(写信目的)
The Naadam festival,which is scheduled t take place frm July 21st t 23rd,will give yu a lk int the unique Mnglian culture.【高分句型一】It features a variety f fascinating activities,ranging frm hrse racing,archery t wrestling cmpetitins.【高分句型二】I am sure the festival will be a true feast fr the eyes.(那达慕大会简介)
As fr ur travel plan,a five-day day trip may be prper.Apart frm viewing thse thrilling matches,we can explre the vast grasslands dtted with sheep and cattle,tasting sme lcal Mnglian cuisine.I believe this trip will be an unfrgettable experience fr bth f us.(旅游的基本计划)
Lk frward t yur rely!(盼望)
Yurs sincerely, Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一:The Naadam festival,which is scheduled t take place frm July 21st t 23rd,will give yu a lk int the unique Mnglian culture.
译文:那达慕节定于7月21日至23日举行,将让您了解独特的蒙古文化。
分析:这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二:It features a variety f fascinating activities,ranging frm hrse racing,archery t wrestling cmpetitins.
译文:这里有各种各样引人入胜的活动,从赛马、射箭到摔跤比赛。
分析:这句话使用了现在分词短语ranging frm hrse racing,archery t wrestling cmpetitins作状语。
这是一篇提纲类作文,需要写的内容已经给出,但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译,而是要添加些内容,使文章看起来更充实,要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文,一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题,给出的要点都需要包括,缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数,不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Tgether,we jgged t the starting line.We had a quick warm-up befre the race.When the race started,I felt enrmus pressure n my shulders.I was increasingly frustrated as I watched mre and mre runners rush past me.I tried my best,but I still the slwest n the team.I even culdn't find any runners arund me.I thught they may be running t the final line nw.It was a tiring curse.Finally,I stpped running and struggled t walk up the last challenging hill.Just then,I heard peple calling my name frm the tp f the hill.(【高分句型一】跑步时作者的心情和比赛的情况。)
Surprisingly,my cach and teammates were smiling and cheering fr me.I was cnfused and embarrassed because my perfrmance was terrible.Anyway,I stpped caring abut my perfrmance and ran t the final pint with all my might.As I was jgging up the last sectin f the hill,my cach and teammates all applauded me fr my effrts.Nt until then did I realize my cach and teammates didn't care hw fast I ran.【高分句型二】I learned I shuldn't attach t much imprtance t the result.In fact,the prcess is mre imprtant.After that meet,I cntinued crss-cuntry and fcused n enjying the jurney.(作者跑到终点时大家的态度和作者的感受,最后升华文章的主旨:过程更重要,要专注于享受这段旅程。)
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开。作者进入高中,只做任何作者能成功的事情,不会把时间浪费在不擅长的领域。高二的时候作者参加了越野赛跑队,发现自己不行,决定这次比赛后退出赛跑队。
高分句型一 Just then,I heard peple calling my name frm the tp f the hill.
翻译:就在这时,我听到有人在山顶喊我的名字。
分析:句中使用了现在分词短语calling my name frm the tp f the hill作状语。
高分句型二 Nt until then did I realize my cach and teammates didn't care hw fast I ran.
翻译:直到那时,我才意识到我的教练和队友并不在乎我跑得有多快。
分析:句中使用了nt until置于句首,用部分倒装结构。
解题方法点拨
(1)品读原文,确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路,通过精读文章,找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜(结尾)"。
(2)仔细审题,明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求,如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示,这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
(3)回扣原文,揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求,再次快速阅读短文,抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示,确定续写段落的内容。
(4)拟写草稿,修改错词病句
拟写时,注意句子结构的多样性,语言的丰富性,并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用,使上下文连贯。
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