新高考英语二轮复习课件+讲义（新高考版） 第1部分 阅读理解与阅读七选五　专题1　第7讲　体裁微解——说明文

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第7讲　体裁微解——说明文
说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手段，具体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术，让读者了解信息，说明文通常不包含作者的个人观点。主要具有以下特点：
说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，题目往往涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，阅读这类文章时，应把握文章结构，弄清作者所要说明的事物；另外，考生在平时的学习中应多积累阅读词汇，提高分析长难句的能力。具体答题策略如下：
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·B)Like mst f us，I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.The arugula(芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad，runding ut a rast chicken dinner.But I ended up wrking late.Then friends called with a dinner invitatin.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed，the arugula went bad.Even wrse，I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry，“fd waste ges against the mral grain，” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry.It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away—frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water，fuel，and ther resurces used t grw it.That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem.In fact，Ryte writes，“if fd waste were a cuntry，it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand，let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr.Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time—but fr him，it’s mre like 12 bxes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn，D.C.，which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals.Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished(有瑕疵的)prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields.And the strawberries？Vlunteers will wash，cut，and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius，yet s ften we just dn’t think.“Everyne can play a part in reducing waste，whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat，” Curtin says.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及Washingtn，D.C.中央厨房的首席执行官Curtin为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
24.What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?A.We pay little attentin t fd waste fd unintentinally at waste mre vegetables than have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
25.What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the text?A.Mral starvatin.
细节理解题。根据第三段可知，浪费食物的一个后果就是会造成环境问题。故选B。
26.What des Curtin’s cmpany d?A.It prduces kitchen turns rtten arugula int clean helps lcal farmers grw makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn，D.C.，which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals.”可知，Curtin的公司可以将不需要的食物重新做成健康膳食，故选D。
27.What des Curtin suggest peple d?A.Buy nly what is fd shpping nce a in restaurants less ften.
细节理解题。根据最后一段Curtin所说的话可知，Curtin建议人们不要买过多的食物，购买自己所需要的量就好，故选A。
AFd made frm atmspheric carbn culd feed the wrld while helping t fight climate change，accrding t Slar Fds，a Finnish cmpany funded in 2017.“We can cllect CO2 anywhere，” said its CEO Pasi Vainika，whse cmpany has develped a prtein pwder made using CO2.“That’s a strategic shift where raw materials are in the air.” The prtein pwder，called Slein，can be turned int meat and dairy substitutes r added t fds and shakes.
Slar Fds uses special units t pull CO2 frm the atmsphere.T turn it int prtein，micrbes(微生物)，similar t thse in the prductin f wine and ygurt，will be fed n it t grw and reprduce.During the prcess，water is split int hydrgen and xygen.Alng with a grwth medium cntaining necessary minerals，the three gases are pumped in t feed the micrbes.Harvested and dried，that remaining mixture becmes Slein—a yellw pwder made up f single-cell prtein，with a nutrient cmpsitin similar t wheat flur.
Slar Fds claims that Slein remves mst f the emissins assciated with mdern agriculture，which is respnsible fr almst ne-third f all greenhuse gas emissins.“One kilgram f Slein sends ut 0.2 kilgram f CO2e(二氧化碳当量).In cmparisn，beef herds prduce arund 100 kilgrams and chicken 10 kilgrams，” said Vainikka.“We can remve the climate impact f mdern fd systems n the planet，which tday accunt fr abut 30 per cent f glbal greenhuse gas emissins.”He further stressed that while the cmpany’s factries als require sme land used fr industrial farming，
nly abut ne-tenth f the land is needed cmpared t phtsynthesis(光合作用).“We culd free up agricultural land t grw back frests，” he added，“and thse remve carbn permanently frm the atmsphere.”Prbably ptimists are nw cntenting themselves with the pleasant scene f masses f trees absrbing CO2 n the planet. Hwever，while that may sund great，Vainikka puts it right，“It can happen nly if we prduce enugh Slein frm CO2 t replace meat and dairy at a large scale.”And that still remains a lng way t g.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一家芬兰公司利用吸碳技术，将空气中的二氧化碳转化为可食用蛋白质，这项做法减少了碳排放并解放了耕地，还可以进一步缓解温室效应。
1.What can we say abut Slein?A.It is in the can be changed int can take in is gd fr the envirnment.
细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Slein 是利用收集的二氧化碳研制的一种蛋白质粉，能够被加工成肉、奶等的替代品，这有助于应对气候变化，从而实现保护环境的目的。所以该公司开发的产品对环境有利。故选D。
2.What are needed t prduce Slein accrding t paragraph 2?A.Wine and and and and micrbes.
细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三、四句可知，微生物(用于发酵)、水(分解成氢气和氧气)和含有矿物质的生长培养基都是必备物质。故选B。
3.What des paragraph 3 mainly tell us abut Slein?A.Its present pssible prductin ptential drawbacks.
推理判断题。第三段第一句为主题句，研究人员再通过对比说明，相同重量的蛋白质，Slein比牛肉和鸡肉产生更少的二氧化碳，因此会解放更多的耕地，用于退耕还林。故选B。
4.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A.Air Prtein Prduced，CO2 ReducedB.Cllecting Air，Remving CO2C.Climate Changing，Danger CmingD.Prtect Earth，Save Ourselves
标题归纳题。第一段概括介绍 Slar Fds 公司利用空气中的二氧化碳生产蛋白质粉 Slein 的基本信息；第二段介绍这一生产过程及所需物质；第三段阐述该技术的优势及长远意义；第四段主要介绍该技术的前景。综上，A项概括了文章大意——从空气中获取二氧化碳生产蛋白质Slein，减少二氧化碳。故选A。
B(2022·广东广州三模)Calling vegetables and fruits “ugly” can be a recipe fr sales success，accrding t a new study.A French supermarket chain made internatinal headlines when it began marketing misshapen prduce as “ugly” in 2014.Since then，fd stres arund the wrld have launched campaigns t sell “imperfect prduce”.Sme have been successful，while thers haven’t—but until nw，researchers hadn’t adequately explained why cnsumers rejected imperfect prduce，
r what marketing apprach was mst likely t whet their appetites.The researchers cnducted seven studies that tested the effects f “ugly” labeling by having participants purchase prduce at a farmer’s market and nline，and by examining peple’s impressins abut misshapen fds.Interestingly，they fund that cnsumers expected the imperfect prduce t be less tasty and even less nutritius than mre traditinally attractive fds.
But it’s nt all bad news fr unattractive fds.The researchers als fund that when the prduce is labeled “ugly”， cnsumer hesitancy disappears—and it’s nt because f humr r riginality.Calling items “ugly” signals t cnsumers that the nly difference between items is appearance，which makes them aware f their bias(偏见) and significantly increases their willingness t buy the less attractive prduce.
“We’re pinting t the surce f the rejectin，” explains Jhn Meredith，the lead researcher.“It makes peple aware f the limited nature f their bjectin t the unattractive prduce and makes it clear t cnsumers that there are n ther prblems in the prduce ther than attractiveness.”
The research als fund cnsumers spent mre n the misshapen prduce labeled “ugly” instead f “imperfect”.And even thugh the ugly prduce was sld at a 25 percent discunt，it turned ut t be mre prfitable fr sellers，as the cst f acquiring the ugly prduce was lwer.Hwever，if the price reductin was t sharp，participants expected the “ugly” fds t be f lw quality.语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，将丑陋的蔬菜和水果标上“丑陋”标签可以增加消费者的购买意愿。
5.What is the new study mainly abut?A.Fd against appearance.
推理判断题。根据第一段内容及下文可知，称蔬菜和水果“丑陋”是一种成功的营销方法，这项新的研究主要是关于营销方法的研究。故选C项。
6.What des the underlined phrase “whet their appetites” in paragraph 2 refer t?A.Satisfy their need t eat their desire f them t risk trying their cncerns abut nutritin.
词义猜测题。根据画线短语上句“researchers hadn’t adequately explained why cnsumers rejected imperfect prduce”可知，画线短语所在句指的是研究者想知道什么样的营销方式能激发消费者购买不完美产品的欲望，“Stimulate their desire f buying”能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。
7.Why are peple willing t buy ugly-labeled prduce withut hesitatin?A.They are happy t spend less and have are curius abut the special shapes f are attracted by the funny and creative idea f are led t believe ugly prduce has n quality prblems.
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，人们会毫不犹豫地购买带有丑陋标签的产品是因为他们被引导相信丑陋的产品没有质量问题。故选D项。
8.Which way helps fd sellers make mre prfit accrding t the study?A.Call the ugly prduce “ugly” the ugly prduce “imperfect” the prduce by its the ugly prduce at a sharp discunt.