2022届高三一模测验卷 英语 B卷 答案版

这是一份2022届高三一模测验卷 英语 B卷 答案版，共13页。试卷主要包含了选择题的作答，非选择题的作答等内容，欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题）
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5个小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the wman d?
A. Get the man’s salad.
B. Check the rder again.
C. Find a table fr the man.
2. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In an ffice.B. In a restaurant.C. In a clthing stre.
3. When did the man get his niece’s call?
A. At 6:20.B. At 6:00.C. At 5:30.
4. What is the wman advised t d with her hair?
A. Cut it shrter.B. Change its clr.C. Make it straight.
5. What traditinal Chinese painting is Susan mst interested in?
A. Figures.B. Landscape painting.C. Birds and flwers.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. What des Rbert think f electric cats?
A. They’re highly ecnmical.
B. They’re envirnmentally friendly.
C. They’re quite expensive.
7. What attracts Rbert mst abut the latest Tesla?
A. The speed.B. The price.C. The design.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. What kind f bk des the man want?
A. A bigraphy.B. An adventure stry.C. A fantasy bk.
9. Why des the wman buy bks tday?
A. T cmplete her paper.
B. T prepare a birthday gift.
C. T kill time at the weekend.
10. Which series f bks will the wman take?
A. Harry Ptter.B. The Lrd f the Rings.C. The Hunger Games.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11 What des the wman care mst abut the summer day camp?
A. Its histry.B. Its reputatin.C. Its lcatin.
12. What can campers benefit frm taking part in the camp?
A. Imprving their grades.
B. Learning types f skills.
C. Develping special interests.
13. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Neighbrs.B. Teacher and parent.C. Husband and wife.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. Hw did the man meet the tiger?
A. They met at the z.
B. A friend intrduced it t him.
C. He was asked t take care f it.
15. What is the feature f the tiger?
A. It weighs 180 kilgrams.
B. It stands 2 meters tall.
C. It is 4 meters lng.
16. Hw much meat des the tiger eat every day?
A. Abut 6 kilgrams.B. Abut 12 kilgrams.C. Abut 18 kilgrams.
17. What is the wman?
A. A hstess.B. A jurnalist.C. A zkeeper.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18. When did Zhang Hng g back t the base camp?
A. On May 21.B. On May 24.C. On May 27.
19. Why is Erik Weihenmayer mentined?
A. He was an inspiratin t Zhang Hng.
B. He was Zhang Hng’s guide.
C. He spnsred Zhang Hng.
20. What des the speaker mainly talk abut?
A. Careful preparatin fr climbing is essential.
B. A blind Chinese man climbed Munt Qmlangma.
C. Climbing can help the disabled have a strng mind.
【答案】1-5 ACCBA 6-10 BCABC 11-15 BBCCA 16-20 BACAB
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Frm science and nature t art and baking, there are many activities t ccupy children in the upcming weeks in spring.
FREE SPRING BREAK ACTIVITY
615-416-2001
Ages 3-17. Cuntry Music Hall f Fame and Museum, 222 Fifth Ave. S, Nashville. March 6-April 5,daily 9am-5pm. Free fr children in Davidsn and ther places. But adult admissin is $25.95. children can pick up sme suvenirs while explring the museum’s exhibits and new artifacts.
SPRING BREAK HOUSE CAMP
615-556-7370
Ages 5-17. Harris Riding Academy, 6331W. Franklin Rad, Murfreesbr. Mnday thrugh Friday 9am-3pm. Admissin: $50 single half day, $80 single full day, $250 half-day week, $375 full-day week. Meet the herd f hrses and ride, study different tpics abut hrses, make hrse crafts, participate in feeding hrses and s n.
KIDS BAKING CAMP
615-956-6077
Ages 6-15. The Curius Kitchen, 1602 Nrthfirld Blvd, Murfreebr. Tday thrugh Friday 10am.-1pm. Admissin: $250. Learn t develp knife skills and read recipes, and mre while making gdies like pies, ckies, cupcakes, chclate cakes, candies and mre.
ASC MAKER CAMP
615-862-5160
Ages 12-18. Adventure Science center, 800 Frt Negley Blvd, Nashville. 9am-3pm. $550 nn-members. In the “Innvatin and Imagine” maker-space, participants will explre the “innvatin, imaginatin and manufacture” prcess by designing and making a suit f cardbard armr (盔甲) t create a fictinal wrld. The camp runs this Mnday thrugh Friday.
21. Hw much will the twin brthers pay fr SPRING BREAK HOUSE CAMP fr a half day?
A. $100B. $160
C. $250D. $375
22. What can we learn abut the ASC MAKER CAMP?
A. It is dangerus fr little children.
B. Children will travel in a fictinal wrld.
C. It helps stimulate children’s imaginatin.
D. Members are treated better than nn-members.
23. Where will children prbably g in rder t enjy cking in the kitchen?
A. 222 Fifth AveB. 6331 Franklin Rad
C. 800 Frt Negley BlvdD. 1602 Nrthfirld Blvd
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。广告介绍了四项春假活动。
21. 细节理解题。根据SPRING BREAK HOUSE CAMP项目中“Admissin: $50 single half day, $80 single full day, $250 half-day week, $375 full-day week.”（门票：单半天$50，单全日$80，半天每周$250，全日每周$375。）可知，一个人半天五十美元，所以这对双胞胎兄弟半天需要付100美元。故选A项。
22. 推理判断题。根据ASC MAKER CAMP项目中“In the “Innvatin and Imagine” maker-space, participants will explre the “innvatin, imaginatin and manufacture” prcess by designing and making a suit f cardbard armr( 盔甲) t create a fictinal wrld.”（在“创新与想像”制造者空间，参加者将探索“创新、想像与制造”的过程，设计并制作一套硬纸板盔甲，创造一个虚构的世界。）可知，这个项目有助于激发孩子们的想象力。故选C项。
23. 推理判断题。根据KIDS BAKING CAMP项目中“The Curius Kitchen, 1602 Nrthfirld Blvd, Murfreebr.”（奇怪的厨房，1602 Nrthfirld Blvd, Murfreebr。）以及“Learn t develp knife skills and read recipes, and mre while making gdies like pies, ckies, cupcakes, chclate cakes, candies and mre.”（学习使用刀具的技巧，阅读食谱，并且在做馅饼、饼干、纸杯蛋糕、巧克力蛋糕、糖果等食物的时候学习更多。）可知，要在厨房里享受烹饪活动，孩子们可以去1602 Nrthfirld Blvd。故选D项。
B
I've been taking time this week t smell the rses. Literally, I bend ver in my neighbrs’ frnt yard, check that nbdy is watching, and then bury my head in the flwers.
I've als been walking int bakeries and walking arund withut buying anything. After having surgery n my brken nse 18 mnths ag, I haven't been able t smell r taste things. This week, hwever, my nse is back in business. I've been verwhelmed by smells, and it's given me a new way f thinking. Scent is just ne f the little bits and pieces that make life enjyable, but which we ften ignre. I remember nce, when my sn was five mnths ld, I was carrying him dwn the street. Wind swept thrugh and almst tipped us ver. He threw his little head back and giggled. He'd never felt the wind n his face. When is the last time I laughed at the weather?
The first time I ate bacn, I rushed hme t my parents, determined that we ate this deliciusness at every meal. My father smiled and agreed. D yu recall when yu learned that the vice actrs f Mickey and Minnie Muse were married in real life? D yu enjy sleeping in new clean bedsheets? Is there smene n the radi whse vice is as smth as velvet?
We dn't write pstcards abut the small things. We dn't frame them in pht-graphs. They aren't that great r grand, but withut them, life is altgether t lud. These quiet experiences give us a chance t enjy the simple fact f being alive. As my sense f smell returns t me, it's like I'm smelling things fr the first time. They're full f memries and magic. Fd tastes better, and the air is indeed sweet. I knw what the pets mean nw. It almst makes my brken nse wrthwhile. Nw, I am waiting fr this bandage t cme ff. There's an itch I can’t reach!
24. The writer in the passage mainly tries t _______.
A. discuss hw t enjy leisure timeB. shw that she lves ding secret things
C. give examples f hw she kills timeD. persuade readers t enjy small things in life
25. Accrding t the writer, “a new way f thinking” in the secnd paragraph means _______.
A. the ability t discver the jy f small thingsB. the habit f vercming ignrance
C. the ability t fully use ur limited attentinD. the habit f making persnal reflectins
26. The writer recalls that _______.
A. her father enjyed sleeping in new clean bedsheets.
B. her sn was frightened when feeling the wind n his face.
C. she culdn't resist temptatin when eating bacn fr the first time.
D. she always ignred the great things in life.
27. One small thing mentined in the last paragraph is _______.
A. a jyful memryB. a quiet experience
C. the sense f smellD. the simple fact f being alive
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C 27. C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要讲述了作者在嗅觉恢复后对于生活的感悟。作者在断掉的鼻子恢复正常后，发现自己的嗅觉里充满了回忆和魔力，也发觉生活中有很多被忽视的美好，正是这些简单安静的事让我们能享受生活的真谛。
24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These quiet experiences give us a chance t enjy the simple fact f being alive.”可知这些安静的经历让我们有机会享受简单的生活。结合本文主要讲述了作者在嗅觉恢复后对于生活的感悟。作者在断掉的鼻子恢复正常后，发现自己的嗅觉里充满了回忆和魔力，也发觉生活中有很多被忽视的美好，正是这些简单安静的事让我们能享受生活的真谛。由此可推知，作者目的在于说服读者享受生活中的小事情。故选D。
25. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中Scent is just ne f the little bits and pieces that make life enjyable, but which we ften ignre.可知气味只是让生活变得愉快的小细节之一，但我们经常忽视它。由此可推知，第二段中的“new way f thinking”是指从小事中发现乐趣的能力。故选A。
26. 细节理解题。根据第三段中The first time I ate bacn, I rushed hme t my parents, determined that we ate this deliciusness at every meal.可知第一次吃培根的时候，我冲回家找父母，决定每餐都要吃这个美味的培根。由此可知，作者回忆第一次吃培根的时候，她无法抗拒诱惑。故选C。
27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中We dn't frame them in pht-graphs. They aren't that great r grand, but withut them, life is altgether t lud. These quiet experiences give us a chance t enjy the simple fact f being alive. As my sense f smell returns t me, it's like I'm smelling things fr the first time.可知我们不会把他们裱在相框里。他们并不是那么伟大或特别重要，但是没有他们，生活就显得太喧嚣了。这些安静的经历让我们有机会享受简单的生活。当我的嗅觉恢复时，我就像第一次闻到东西一样。由此判断出，最后一段中提到的一件小事指的是作者的嗅觉。故选C。
C
When ur ancestrs were peasants in the earliest days f agriculture, the daily schedule was: wrk in field all day, eat midday meal in field, cntinue wrking in field. Tday, after centuries f human advancement, it ges smething like: wrk in cffee shp all day, buy and eat lunch there, cntinue tiling away n laptp until the sun sets. Thugh it may seem like the tech bm and gig ecnmy (临时工经济) led the way in this mdern mbile wrk style, wrking and dining have always been intertwined. In majr cities like New Yrk, Washingtn D.C., Sydney and Hng Kng, restaurants are changing int fficial c-wrking spaces during ff-peak hurs.
Dr. Megan Elias, directr f the gastrnmy prgram at Bstn University, says fd and business have been linked since as far back as the ancient Sumer (wh established civilizatin as we knw it arund 4000 B.C.) “What we think f as street fd has always been part f human civilizatin,” she says. “There have always been marketplaces where humans came tgether t cnduct sme kind f business — like trading grain, trading animals r building huses. As lng as there have been marketplaces, peple have been eating at them while als ding business.”
The first example f a brick-and-mrtar “restaurant” came during the merchant ecnmy in the 15th and 16th centuries, accrding t Elias. During this stage in Eurpean, African, and East and Suth Asian histry, inns allwed merchant businessmen t rest — and f curse, eat — thrughut their travels. During the clnial era f the 1600s and 1700s, cncrete examples f American restaurants emerged as “Cffee Huses”. Cffee Huses were places that had newspapers, which at the time were very small and cmmercial," authr and scial histrian Jan Whitaker explains.
Cffee huses remained tradesman staples thrughut the early 19th century, with simple menu items like rlls and meat pies. Mre “grand meals,” as Elias calls them, were still taking place within hmes fr nn-traveling flk. But, when the U.S. began industrializing in the 1840s and peple stayed near wrkplaces during the day, eating establishments ppped up arund factries.
“Industrializatin f the city is als restaurantizatin f the city,” Elias says. “Places sprung up t serve a business lunch crwd and an after-wrk dining crwd again, still ding business.”
28. Hw des the authr mentined ur ancestrs in paragraph1?
A. T make cmparisnsB. T present figures.
C. T raise questinsD. T give examples
29. When did restaurants begin t prvide nt nly eating but sheltering?
A. arund 4000 B.C.B. in the 15th and 16th centuries.
C. during the 1600s and 1700s.D. In the early 19th century.
30. What can we learn abut Cffee huses?
A. Newspapers were prduced there first.
B. The fd served there was limited at first.
C. They were especially ppular arund factries.
D. It was a perfect place fr entertainment and eating.
31. What can be best title f the text?
A. the functin f eating ut.B. The slw frmatin f the mdern city.
C. the evlutin f the restaurant.D. The age f mre wrk, less eating.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了讲述了餐馆的演变历史。
28. 推理判断题。根据第一段中When ur ancestrs were peasants in the earliest days f agriculture, the daily schedule was: wrk in field all day, eat midday meal in field, cntinue wrking in field. Tday, after centuries f human advancement, it ges smething like: wrk in cffee shp all day, buy and eat lunch there, cntinue tiling away n laptp until the sun sets.在农业发展初期，我们的祖先还是农民的时候，每天的日程是：整天在田间劳作，中午在田间吃饭，继续在田间劳作。今天，经过几个世纪的人类进步，它是这样的：整天在咖啡馆工作，在那里买和吃午饭，继续用笔记本电脑工作，直到太阳下山。可知，作者是通过比较农业发展初期和今天的工作方式来提到我们的祖先的。故选A项
29. 细节理解题。根据第三段中The first example f a brick-and-mrtar “restaurant” came during the merchant ecnmy in the 15th and 16th centuries, accrding t Elias. During this stage in Eurpean, African, and East and Suth Asian histry, inns allwed merchant businessmen t rest — and f curse, eat — thrughut their travels.据Elias说，第一个实体“餐馆”出现在15和16世纪的商业经济时期。在欧洲、非洲、东亚和南亚历史的这一阶段，客栈允许商人在旅途中休息——当然，也可以吃饭。可知，餐馆是在15和16世纪开始不仅提供吃饭，而且提供住宿。故选B项。
30. 推理判断题。根据第四段中Cffee huses remained tradesman staples thrughut the early 19th century, with simple menu items like rlls and meat pies. Mre “grand meals,” as Elias calls them, were still taking place within hmes fr nn-traveling flk.在整个19世纪早期，咖啡馆一直是商家的主食，菜单上的菜品很简单，比如面包卷和肉饼。更多的“大餐”，正如Elias所说，仍在家里为不旅行的人准备。可知，咖啡馆起初供应的食物有限。故选B项。
31. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中In majr cities like New Yrk, Washingtn D.C., Sydney and Hng Kng, restaurants are changing int fficial c-wrking spaces during ff-peak hurs. 在纽约、华盛顿特区、悉尼和香港等大城市，餐馆在非高峰时间变成了正式的联合办公区。第三段中The first example f a brick-and-mrtar “restaurant” came during the merchant ecnmy in the 15th and 16th centuries, accrding t Elias. 据Elias说，第一个实体“餐馆”出现在15和16世纪的商业经济时期。以及通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了餐馆的演变历史，因此本文的最佳标题选项C“餐馆的演变”符合题意。故选C项。
D
We talk cntinuusly abut hw t make children tugher and strnger, but whatever we’re ding, it’s nt wrking. Rates f anxiety disrders and depressin are rising rapidly amng teenagers. What are we ding wrng?
Nassim Taleb invented the wrd “antifragile” and used it t describe a small but very imprtant class f systems that gain frm shcks, challenges, and disrder. The immune (免疫的) system is ne f them: it requires expsure t certain kinds f bacteria and ptential allergens (过敏原) in childhd in rder t develp t its full ability.
Children’s scial and emtinal abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we verprtect kids and keep them “safe” frm unpleasant scial situatins and negative emtins, we deprive (剥夺) them f the challenges and pprtunities fr skill-building they need t grw strng. Such children are likely t suffer mre when expsed later t ther unpleasant but rdinary life events, such as teasing and scial rejectin.
It’s nt the kids’ fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much mre fearful in the 1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet expsed everyne, mre and mre, t thse rare ccurrences f crimes and accidents that nw ccur less and less. Outdr play and independent mbility went dwn; screen time and adult-mnitred activities went up.
Yet free play in which kids wrk ut their wn rules f engagement, take small risks, and learn t master small dangers turns ut t be vital fr the develpment f adult scial and even physical cmpetence. Depriving them f free play prevents their scial-emtinal grwth. Nrwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned:“We may bserve an increased anxiety r mental disrders in sciety if children are frbidden frm participating in age-adequate risky play.”
They wrte thse wrds in 2011. Over the fllwing few years, their predictin came true. Kids brn after 1994 are suffering frm much higher rates f anxiety disrders and depressin than did the previus generatin. Besides, there is als a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted t hspital fr deliberately harming themselves.
What can we d t change these trends? Hw can we raise kids strng enugh t handle the rdinary and extrardinary challenges f life? We can’t guarantee that giving primary schl children mre independence tday will bring dwn the rate f teenage suicide tmrrw. The links between childhd verprtectin and teenage mental illness are suggestive but nt clear-cut. Yet there are gd reasns t suspect that by depriving ur naturally antifragile kids f the wide range f experiences they need t becme strng, we are systematically preventing their grwth. We shuld let g—and let them grw.
32. Why des the authr mentin the immune system in Paragraph 2?
A. T stress its imprtance.B. T help understand a new wrd.
C. T questin the latest discvery.D. T analyze the cause f anxiety.
33. Parents verprtect children because ______.
A. children are nt independent enugh
B. they want t keep children frm being teased
C. parent-mnitred activities are a must
D. they are cncerned abut their children’s safety
34. Accrding t the authr, free play can ______.
A. reduce children’s risky behavirB. strengthen children’s friendship
C. prmte children’s tughness D. develp children’s leadership skills
35. Which f the fllwing des the authr prbably agree with?
A. Stp trying t perfect yur child.
B. It takes great curage t raise children.
C. While we try t teach ur children all abut life, ur children teach us what life is all abut.
D. Prepare the child fr the rad, nt the rad fr the child.
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。青少年中焦虑症和抑郁症的发病率正在迅速上升。我们做错了什么？对此短文从不同的角度分析了它产生的原因，这种趋势发展下去所导致的后果，并提出了自己的观点---让孩子准备好上路，而不是准备好道路给孩子走。
32. 推理判断题。由第二段，第三段“The immune (免疫的) system is ne f them: it requires expsure t certain kinds f bacteria and ptential allergens (过敏原) in childhd in rder t develp t its full ability. Children’s scial and emtinal abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems”可知，免疫系统就是其中之一：它需要在儿童时期接触某些种类的细菌和潜在的过敏原，才能使孩子具有完全的免疫力。孩子们的社交和情感能力和他们的免疫系统一样具有“抗弱性”。所以通过免疫系统功能的介绍和孩子们的社交和情感能力与免疫系统的比较。可以判断出，作者在第2段提到免疫系统是为了帮助理解一个新词。故选B项。
33. 细节理解题。由第四段“In the UK, as in the US, parents became much mre fearful in the 1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet expsed everyne, mre and mre, t thse rare ccurrences f crimes and accidents that nw ccur less and less”可知，在英国，在美国也一样，在20世纪80年代和90年代，随着有线电视和后来的互联网让每个人越来越多地接触到那些现在越来越少发生的罕见的犯罪和事故，父母们变得更加恐惧。所以父母过度保护孩子，因为他们担心孩子的安全。故选D项。
34. 细节理解题。由第五段“Yet free play in which kids wrk ut their wn rules f engagement, take small risks, and learn t master small dangers turns ut t be vital fr the develpment f adult scial and even physical cmpetence”可知，然而，孩子们在自由玩耍中制定自己的参与规则，他们能承担小风险，学会掌控小危险的能力，这对成人社交能力甚至身体能力的发展都是至关重要的。所以根据作者所说，自由玩耍可以促进儿童的韧性的提高。故选C项。
35. 推理判断题。由最后段“... we are systematically preventing their grwth. We shuld let g—and let them grw.”可知，我们正在系统地阻止他们的成长。我们应该放手让他们成长。所以通过作者所说的我们能够判断出，作者希望成年人在孩子成长过程中，成年人应该让孩子准备好踏上成长之路，成年人应该让孩子自己走上成长之路，去经历挫折和失败，这样才能使孩子变得更加的坚强。故D选项“让孩子准备好上路，而不是准备好道路给孩子走”。是作者所同意的。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Scientists have implanted memries int the brins f birds, helping yung zebra finches t learn a sng nrmally taught t them by their fathers. 36 Like humans, zebra finches learn hw t vcalize by imitating their parents. By listening t them sing, yung birds memrize the ntes.
“ 37 ” Tdd Rberts, frm the University f Texas Suthwestern Medical Center, tld Newsweek. “In fact, there are amazing similarities between sngbirds learning their sng and the early stages f speech learning.”
Rberts, tgether with clleagues, used “ptgenetic manipulatin”— where light is used t mnitr and cntrl brain activity—t guide the learning f sngs. 38 In this way, memries f syllables f a sng were created—the length f a nte agrees with the length f light expsure.
As a result, they guided the learning f the zebra finch with these implanted memries. Their findings are published in the jurnal Science.
“We learn many behavirs during develpment by cpying the behavir f ur parents, lder siblings r teachers. 39 But ur research in yung sngbirds shws that select synapses cnnecting sensry and mtr circuits play a pwerful rle in laying dwn these types f memries and that activatin f these cnnectins in the brain can help frm memries that can guide learning. We were very surprised by the utcme f ur experiments,” Rberts said.
Rberts said it is unlikely that a similar apprach culd be used in humans t implant memries.
40 Hwever, he did say that understanding these pathways culd help us understand cnditins where develpmental disrders cause speech prblems.
A. They are active thrughut the day.
B. Sngbirds prvide an excellent mdel.
C. Such experiments wuld give rise t debate.
D. The brain activities invlved in this are still prly understd.
E. They cntrlled the interactins between tw regins f the brain
F. It may nt be t many years befre the measurements f brain activity.
G. The breakthrugh has given an insight int the develpment f vcal learning.
【答案】36. G 37. B 38. E 39. D 40. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家将记忆植入鸟类的大脑中，帮助年轻的斑胸草雀学会通常由它们的父亲教会它们的歌曲。介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究对于人类植入记忆的意义。
36. 根据上文“Scientists have implanted memries int the brins f birds, helping yung zebra finches t learn a sng nrmally taught t them by their fathers.(科学家将记忆植入鸟类的大脑中，帮助年轻的斑胸草雀学会通常由它们的父亲教会它们的歌曲)”可知，上文提到科学家将记忆植入鸟类的大脑中，帮助年轻的斑胸草雀学会通常由它们的父亲教会它们的歌曲，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这一突破的影响：使我们对声乐学习的发展有了深入的了解。故G选项“这一突破使我们对声乐学习的发展有了深入的了解”符合语境，故选G。
37. 根据后文“Tdd Rberts, frm the University f Texas Suthwestern Medical Center, tld Newsweek. “In fact, there are amazing similarities between sngbirds learning their sng and the early stages f speech learning.”(德克萨斯大学西南医学中心的Tdd Rberts告诉《新闻周刊》。“事实上，鸣禽学习鸣叫和早期语言学习有惊人的相似之处。”)”可知，本句为引用Tdd Rberts对于鸣禽学习鸣叫和早期语言学习的言论，B选项中sngbirds对应后文中sngbirds。故B选项“鸣禽提供了一个很好的模型”符合语境，故选B。
38. 根据上文“Rberts, tgether with clleagues, used “ptgenetic manipulatin”— where light is used t mnitr and cntrl brain activity—t guide the learning f sngs.(Rberts和他的同事们使用了“光基因操控”技术——利用光来监测和控制大脑活动——来指导对歌曲的学习)”以及后文“In this way, memries f syllables f a sng were created—the length f a nte agrees with the length f light expsure.(通过这种方式，对一首歌音节的记忆被创造出来——音符的长度与光线照射的长度一致)”可知，本句承接上文说明罗伯茨和他的同事们是如何通过控制大脑活动来指导歌曲学习的。E选项中They指代上文Rberts, tgether with clleagues。故E选项“他们控制了大脑两个区域之间的相互作用”符合语境，故选E。
39. 根据上文“We learn many behavirs during develpment by cpying the behavir f ur parents, lder siblings r teachers.(在发育过程中，我们通过模仿父母、哥哥姐姐或老师的行为来学习许多行为)”以及后文“But ur research in yung sngbirds shws that select synapses cnnecting sensry and mtr circuits play a pwerful rle in laying dwn these types f memries and that activatin f these cnnectins in the brain can help frm memries that can guide learning.(但我们对小鸣禽的研究表明，连接感觉和运动回路的特定突触在形成这些类型的记忆中发挥了强大的作用，大脑中这些连接的激活可以帮助形成指导学习的记忆)”可知，上文提到了人类通过模仿来学习的行为，后文则提到对小鸣禽的研究发现了帮助形成学习记忆的大脑活动过程，可知本句与后文形成转折，指出对人们通过模仿学习的大脑活动知之甚少的情况。故D选项“参与其中的大脑活动仍然知之甚少”符合语境，故选D。
40. 根据上文“Rberts said it is unlikely that a similar apprach culd be used in humans t implant memries.( Rberts说，类似的方法不太可能用于人类植入记忆)”可知，上文提到类似的方法不太可能用于人类植入记忆，故本句说明原因：这样的实验会引起争论。故C选项“这样的实验会引起争论”符合语境，故选C。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Renee Dixsn is the directr at a preschl in Indiana. She has always taken her rle in her students’ lives very 41 . Because f the nvel crnavirus pandemic(流行), many f her kids' lives have changed 42 . Renee said sme f their parents are nw 43 fdbanks t feed their families, which 44 any extra mney they have will g t 45 , nt t Christmas gifts. That's why Renee has 46 it upn herself t make these little nes smile!
In additin t her day jb at the preschl, Renee has started driving fr Uber t 47 sme extra mney. But she wn't be keeping it fr herself. 48 , she’ll buy presents fr all 50 f her students.
Thankfully, she isn't ding this 49 ! Several peple in her cmmunity have 50 up and dnated t her 51 . Between their help and her Uber 52 , she has been able t make massive(大量的) trips t Target t 53 up n tys. In fact, her ffice is quickly filling up with 54 fr her students!
“I knw hw it feels t be 55 as a child because yur parent desn't have anything,” she said. She feels that 56 she didn't d this fr them, she wuld be letting them dwn. With r withut presents, it's 57 that she culd never disappint them because she clearly ges abve and 58 fr them!
“Everyne always tld me I have a big heart,” she 59 . “I said, ‘N, I lve children.’”
It's safe t say bth are 60 fr this selfless individual! Thank yu, Renee, fr making sure everyne has a wnderful time this hliday seasn!
41. A. actuallyB. gentlyC. exactlyD. seriusly
42. A. frequentlyB. dramaticallyC. cnverselyD. slwly
43. A. relying nB. fcusing nC. lking frward tD. getting used t
44. A. decidesB. reflectsC. meansD. frces
45. A. extremesB. supermarketsC. cmmunitiesD. essentials
46. A. takenB. madeC. carriedD. fllwed
47. A. saveB. earnC. dnateD. raise
48. A. TherefreB. InsteadC. BesidesD. Thus
49. A. lnelyB. singleC. alneD. enugh
50. A. steppedB. rseC. stppedD. gt
51. A. causeB. eventC. familyD. festival
52. A. experienceB. wrkC. custmerD. incme
53. A. pickB. takeC. stckD. use
54. A. bksB. pensC. snacksD. presents
55. A. happyB. dwnC. thrilledD. frightened
56. A. thughB. becauseC. ifD. while
57. A. curiusB. seriusC. anxiusD. bvius
58. A. beyndB. underC. withutD. behind
59. A. explainedB. admittedC. addedD. claimed
60. A. freeB. trueC. ptimisticD. hpeful
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. A
51. A 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. A 59. C 60. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述疫情期间幼儿园园长Renee为可能收不到父母礼物的孩子们筹钱、兼职赚钱准备礼物的感人故事。并赞扬园长行为。
41. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她总是非常认真地对待自己在学生生活中的角色。A. actually实际地；B. gently温柔地；C. exactly精确地；D. seriusly严肃地；认真地。根据下文讲述的故事可知，Renee总是认真参与到学生的生活中。故选D项。
42. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为新冠疫情的流行，许多孩子的生活发生了显著的变化。A. frequently频繁地；B. dramatically显著地；C. cnversely相反地；D. slwly缓慢地；根据后文“fdbanks t feed their families”“nt t Christmas gifts”可知因为疫情许多孩子家只能靠救济粮过活，没有圣诞礼物，也就是说他们的生活发生了大的变化。故选B项。
43. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Renee说有些父母现在依靠食品银行填饱家人的肚子，这意味着任何额外的钱都会被用于支付必需品，而不是圣诞礼物。A. relying n依赖；B. fcusing n集中于；C. lking frward t期待；D. getting used t习惯于；根据食物银行和疫情这一特殊时期，可推断出是靠救济粮过活，故A项“依赖”符合句意。故选A项。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Renee说有些父母现在依靠食品银行填饱家人的肚子，这意味着任何额外的钱都会被用于支付必需品，而不是圣诞礼物。A. decides决定；B. reflects反映；C. means意味着；D. frces迫使；结合上文内容可指，粮食都得靠救济的情况下，意味着所有的钱都要用于生活必需品。故选C项。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Renee说有些父母现在依靠食品银行填饱家人的肚子，这意味着任何额外的钱都会被用于支付必需品，而不是圣诞礼物。A. extremes极限；B. supermarkets超市；C. cmmunities社区；D. essentials必需品；根据后文的“nt t Christmas gifts”可知钱不用于礼物，那么相反肯定是要花在刀刃上，也就是必需品。故选D项。
46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么Renee自己承担起这一份职责：让这些小孩微笑起来。A. taken 承担；B. made 制作；C. carried 携带；D. fllwed跟随；根据前文可知家庭都在为如何生存想办法，照顾不到孩子们的情绪。所以这一任务落在园长的肩上。而 take sth upn nself 意为“承担……”符合语境。故选A项。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了她白天在幼儿园的工作，为了赚钱，Renee开始在Uber上做司机。A. save节省；B. earn赚取；C. dnate捐赠；D. raise筹集；根据前文可知Renee是园长，开车是额外的工作，其目的就是赚钱。故选B项。
48. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：反而，她将给她50名学生都买一份礼物。A. Therefre因此；B. Instead反而；C. Besides除……外；D. Thus 因此；根据前文“But she wn’t be keeping it fr herself.”可知她赚钱了但不会自己留着。这与后文“她要用于给孩子们买礼物”形成的转折，故“instead”反而符合语境。故选B项。
49. 考查副词和形容词词义辨析。句意：令人高兴的是她不是孤单一人在做这件事。A. lnely孤独的；B. single单一的；C. alne孤独的，单独地；D. enugh充足的；根据后文“several peple…dnated”可知有其他人捐款。故她不是孤身一人在为孩子们做事。又因为空格处缺的是修饰整句话的副词，只有alne可作副词。故选C项。
50. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她社区的几个人挺身而出捐钱到她的这项事业中。A. stepped up走上前来；B. rse up起义；C. stpped up不睡觉；D. gt up起床；根据前后文可推断出这些捐钱的人是在帮助Renee，他们是在艰难时期挺身而出做好事。故选A项。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她社区的几个人挺身而出捐钱到她的这项事业中。A. cause事业；B. event事件；C. family家庭；D. festival节日；根据前文她赚钱是为了给孩子们购买礼物，这是一项公益事业。故选A项。
52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的帮助加上Uber的收入，她能够多次前往Target储备玩具。A. experience经验；B. wrk工作；C. custmer顾客；D. incme收入；根据前文可知做Uber的司机目的是“fr sme extra mney”，所以Uber给她增加了收入。故选D项。
53. 考查动词动词词义辨析。句意：他们的帮助加上Uber的收入，她能够多次前往Target储备玩具。A. pick挑选；B. take拿；C. stck备有；D. use使用；由前文第二段最后一句可知赚钱是为了“buy presents”购买礼物，因此她去Target买玩具就是为了准备礼物。而stck up n意为“储备”符合句意。故选C项。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：实际上，她的办公室很快就装满了给学生们的礼物。A. bks书籍；B. pens笔；C. snacks小吃；D. presents礼物；由前文第二段最后一句可知赚钱是为了“buy presents”购买礼物，故特推出办公室塞满的也是礼物。故选D项。
55. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道作为一个孩子没收到父母的礼物会多么伤心。A. happy开心的；B. dwn悲伤的；C. thrilled惊悚的；D. frightened害怕的；根据后文“she didn’t d this fr them, she wuld letting them dwn.”可知她觉得要是她也没有准备礼物，她也会让孩子们伤心。故可推测前文父母没准备礼物的孩子们伤心了。故选B项。
56. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：她觉得如果她也没有准备礼物，她也会让孩子们伤心。A. thugh即使；B. because因为；C. if如果；D. while尽管；根据前文可知她一直努力为孩子们准备礼物，原因就在于如果不准备，孩子们会失望难过。故选C项。
57. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有或是没有礼物，显然她不会让他们失望，因为她准备的礼物显然已经远远超过所需要准备的。A. curius好奇的；B. serius严肃的；C. anxius焦虑的；D. bvius显然的；根据前一段最后一句“her ffice is quickly filling up with presents…”可知她准备好了礼物了。而这一段前文又提到没有礼物孩子会伤心。故显然准备好礼物的她不会让孩子们失望。故选D项。
58. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：有或是没有礼物，显然她不会让他们失望，因为她准备的礼物显然已经远远超过所需要准备的。A. beynd超过；B. under在……下；C. withut没有；D. behind在……后；根据前一段最后一句“her ffice is quickly filling up with presents…”可知她准备好了许多礼物。而词组g abve and beynd意为“超出、多于”可用于表明她所储备的礼物已经远超于她应该准备的了。故选A项。
59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“所有人都说我心胸阔达”，她补充道：“我说，‘不，我爱孩子’”。A. explained解释；B. admitted承认；C. added补充；D. claimed声称；根据本句结构可看出前半句话没说完，她继而补充说了第二句话，选项C 的add“补充”符合语境。故选C项。
60. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：完全可以说对这个无私的个人而言这两者都属实。A. free自由的；B. true真实的；C. ptimistic乐观的；D. hpeful充满希望的；根据前一段可知对Renee有两个评价，一“have a big heart”心胸阔达，二“lve children”爱孩子。而空格前用“bth”两者指代前文的两个评价，故表示作者赞同这两个评价，都是真实的。故选B项。
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）
第三部分 英语知识运用
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smetimes in life, yu need t act quickly. Thinking t much abut a prblem 61 (be)nt always beneficial. It can hld us back. But many things in life require careful thught and preparatin. “An unce f preventin is wrth a pund f cure,” is 62 great expressin fr that kind f behavir. This saying cmes t us 63 Benjamin Franklin, wh was ne f the 64 (fund) f the United States. The wrd “unce” means smething really small, just tw-ne-hundredths f a kilgram 65 (exact). S, when yu deal with a prblem, spending a small amunt f time and effrt early n can save yu mre truble in the end. Fr example, if a cuntry annunces strng measures fr 66 (cntain)a virus, we culd say, “An unce f preventin is wrth a pund f cure.” It is better 67 (take) severe precautins（预防）than t suffer severe cnsequences later.
Franklin was nt talking abut disease. 68 rather fire preventin. During a visit t Bstn in 1733, Franklin 69 (impress) with the city’s fire preventin methds. He tried t bring sme f thse practices t the city f Philadelphia, 70 he lived. Frm then n, this expressin can be used in many serius situatins.
【答案】61. is 62. a 63. frm 64. funders 65. Exactly
66. cntaining 67. t take 68. but 69. was impressed 70. where
【解析】本文是记叙文，讲述了“一盎司的预防胜过一磅的治疗”这句名言的由来和意义。
61. 考查动词。句意：对一个问题想得太多并不总是有益的。本句主语是Thinking t much abut a prblem，动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式，此处是描述事实，需要用一般现在时，故be动词需要用单数is，故填is。
62. 考查冠词。句意：“一盎司的预防胜过一磅的治疗”是对这种行为的一个很好的表达。expressin表示“具体的表达”时是可数名词，此处是泛指，表示一种表达，需要用不定冠词，great的发音以元音音素开头，故填a。
63. 考查介词。句意：这句话是美国的开国元勋之一本杰明·富兰克林说的。cme frm表示“来自”，是固定搭配，故填frm。
64. 考查名词复数。句意：这句话是美国的开国元勋之一本杰明·富兰克林说的。此处表示“创立者”，ne f+名词复数，表示“…之一”，故填funders。
65. 考查副词。句意：“盎司”这个词的意思是非常小的东西，仅仅是一千克的百分之二。此处副词修饰整个句子，故填exactly。
66. 考查动名词。句意：例如，如果一个国家宣布了遏制病毒的强硬措施，我们应该说“一盎司的预防胜过一磅的治疗”。空前有介词fr，介词后面加动名词作宾语，故填cntaining。
67. 考查不定式。句意：与其以后遭受严重的后果，不如采取严厉的预防措施。It is+形容词+t d sth表示“做某事是……样的”，是固定句式，it作形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，故填t take。
68. 考查连词。句意：富兰克林说的不是疾病，而是防火。前后是转折关系， rather表示“不是……而是”，故填but。
69. 考查时态和语态。句意：在1733年访问波士顿期间，富兰克林对这座城市的防火方法印象深刻。be impressed with对……印象深刻，本句主语是Franklin，谓语动词用单数，根据in 1733，时间发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故填was impressed。
70. 考查定语从句。句意：他试图把这些做法带到他居住的费城。 he lived是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the city f Philadelphia，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Tday, at the lcal cnvenience stre that I wrk, an elderly man with a guide dg cme in. He went t the shelf where there were all kinds f greeting card. He picked up a card, held it up extreme clse t his eyes, but struggled t read it. Just as I was abut walk ver t help him, I fund the little girl, wh was abut ten years ld, asking him if he needed help. Befre hear his answer, she started t read him almst every single greeting card ut lud until the elderly man was smiled. He said, “That’s perfect! His wife will lve this ne!”
【答案】第一处：that→where
第二处：cme→came
第三处：card→cards
第四处：extreme→ extremely
第五处：but→and
第六处：abut之后加t
第七处：the→a
第八处：hear→hearing
第九处：去掉was
第十处：His→My
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者在自己工作的便利店，看到了一个大约十岁的小女孩帮助一位盲人老人读贺卡。
第一处：考查定语从句。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是the lcal cnvenience stre，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词where，所以that改成where。
第二处：考查时态。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以cme改成came。
第三处：考查名词单复数。被all kinds f修饰，用名词复数，所以card改成cards。
第四处：考查副词。这里修饰副词短语clse t，用副词，所以extreme改成 extremely。
第五处：考查连词。句意：他拿起一张卡片，把它举得离眼睛非常近，努力地读着。文中表示并列关系，所以but改成and。
第六处：考查固定用法。句意：当我正要过去帮助他时，我发现一个大约十岁的小女孩问他是否需要帮助。be abut t d正要做某事，该用法是固定用法，所以abut之后加t。
第七处：考查冠词。句意：当我正要过去帮助他时，我发现一个大约十岁的小女孩问他是否需要帮助。文中泛指“一个小女孩”，little的首字母发音是辅音，用不定冠词a，所以the改成a。
第八处：考查非谓语动词。hear的逻辑主语是she，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作时间状语，所以hear改成hearing。
第九处：考查语态。句意：在听到他的回答之前，她开始把几乎每一张贺卡都大声读给他听，直到老人笑了。“老人”和“微笑”之间是主动关系，用主动语态，所以去掉was。
第十处：考查代词。句意：我妻子会喜欢这个的。文中表示“我的妻子”，所以His改成My。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你校打算成立Fans英语俱乐部，想邀请外教Smith参加，请你给Smith写封邀请函，内容包括：
1. 成立俱乐部的目的；
2. 活动时间、地点及安排；
3. 邀请加入。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear Smith,
I'm Li Hua,a student in Class 1 Grade 3. T aruse ur interest in English learning and prvide a platfrm fr us t practice English, ur grade has decided t set up Fans English Club.
We’ll gather in the meeting rm after schl every Friday afternn, when varius activities will be rganized and perfrmed, like singing English sngs and having debates in English.
I'm very hnred t invite yu t jin us representing ur grade. I hld the firm belief that yur appearance in ur club will certainly inspire us all t becme mre interested in English and therefre wrk harder at English.
Hping t see yu every Friday afternn.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作分析】本文要求给外教Smith老师写封邀请函，邀请他参加你校打算成立的Fans英语俱乐部。成文时应注意以下几点：(1)内容要点齐全。完整说明题干中给的内容，适当扩展。(2)人称使用要恰当。(3)时态：一般现在时为主。(4)适当使用一些连词和插入语，使文章自然、流畅。(5)恰当使用一些高级词汇和句型，以增加文章的档次。根据题目要求我们在邀请信中写出的内容以及我们上面提到的注意点，列出提纲：第一部分：介绍自己以及成立俱乐部的目的（激发英语学习的兴趣，提供练习英语的平台）；第二段：活动时间、地点及安排（让被邀请人清楚的了解活动的基本信息。）；第三段：邀请Smith老师加入（您的出现能激励我们更努力的学习英语）。
【写作点评】
1. 使用高级句型：非限制性定语从句和将来时的被动语态We’ll gather in the meeting rm after schl every Friday afternn, when varius activities will be rganized and perfrmed…；同位语从句的使用I hld the firm belief that yur appearance in ur club will certainly inspire us.……。2. 使用了过渡词语：therefre等。3. 使用了重要短语：set up建立；be hnred t感到很荣幸；becme interested in对…感兴趣。