人教版七年级上册期末复习之重点语法及练习(一)
展开(一)
1. 不定冠词a / an 的用法
不定冠词a / an表示微弱的“一”的概念,但并不强调数目,只表示名词为不特定者。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词或者字母前,an用在以元音因素开头的单词或者字母前,一般来说元音字母发元音,辅音字母发辅音。
2.定冠词the的用法
The是定冠词,表示特指的人、物或群体,起作用有时相当于指示代词this, that, these, thse,表示“这(个),那(个),这些,那些”。它可以用在名词前,表示特指说话双方的人或者上文中提到的人或者事物。
(二)
人称代词及相对应的形容词性物主代词、be 动词
注:主语和宾语的定义。
(1)主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等来充当。
(2)宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,动词不定式等。
2.形容词性物主代词在句中修饰名词,其后必须加名词,否则为不正确的。
3.名词性物主代词
(1).英语中的物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,其中名词性物主代词起名词的作用。
(2). 名词性物主代词在句中独立使用,其后不接名词;名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
(3). 名词性物主代词用作主语时,谓语动词的数应随所指者的数而定。
4.指示代词this, that, these, thse
①指示代词是表示“这个,那个,这些,那些”的代词,其中this和these是指距离说话人较近的人或者事物;that和thse是指离或华人较远的人或者事物。
②指示代词this, that作主语时,连系动词be用单数形式is,同时后面的名词用单数形式。
当these, thse作主语时,连系动词be用复数形式are,同时后面的名词用复数形式。
③在回答主语是this或that的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,在答语中用it代替句中的this或者that。当回答these或thse作主语的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,在答语中用they代替句中的these或thse
④介绍某人时,用this或that,而不用he或she.
⑤打电话时,说自己是谁用This is…问别人是谁用Wh’s that?
5.如何将单数句子变为复数
(1)指示代词的变化:this变为these,that变为thse
(2)人称的变化:第一人称I变为we,yu不发生变化,he / she / it变为they.
(3)be动词的变化:am或is变为are。
(4)可数名词的变化: 可数名词的单数形式变为复数形式
名词单数变复数的变化规则:
①一般情况下在词尾加s
②以x, s, ch, sh结尾的词加es。
③以结尾地词加s或者es。
④以辅音字母加y结尾的单词,变y为i再加es 。
⑤以f或fe结尾的词,变f或fe为v再加es 。
(三)
1.be动词用法
(1)be动词(am, is, are)这三个动词常用做连系动词,在句子中起连接主语和表语的作用。
(2)be动词三种形式的使用主要取决于主语。主语是第一人称I(我)时,用am,主语是第二人称yu(你,你们)或名词及代词的复数时,用are,主语是第三人称单数it / he / she(它/他/她)或名词及代词单数时,用is.
(3)am , is, are的意思是“是”,但不能处处翻译成“是”。
2.含be动词的一般疑问句
①将含有be动词的陈述句转换一般疑问句
将be动词(am, is, are)提到句首(首字母要大写),如果原句中的主语是第一人称要变为第二人称,句末加问号。
②含有be动词的一般疑问句的肯定回答与否定回答
肯定回答:Yes,主语+be
否定回答:N, 主语+be
(四)
where引导的疑问句
询问某人来自哪里或是哪里人?Where is/are +主语+frm?或Where d/des+主语+cme frm?主语若是物,那么句意为“此物产于何地?”
如何询问某人住在哪里:Where des/d+主语+live?
由where引导的特殊疑问句意在询问人或者物品所在的位置,句式“where +be+名词”,注意where后的be动词用is还是用are,取决于be动词后面的名词时单数还是复数。答语句式:It is +介词短语 (对应的问句为where is);They are+介词短语(对应的问句为where are)或者直接用介词短语回答,省略it is或they are。
二、介词的用法:表示方位的介词:n, in, behind, between, under等。
n在……上面(紧贴着某物,有面的接触)
in 在……里面;behind在……后面;
between在……之间,常于and连用;
under在……的下面。
(五)
have的一般现在时
have意为“有”,表示所属关系,有人称和数的变化,其主语一般是人,有时也可以是物;has为have的第三人称单数形式,用于不可数名词、可数名词或第三人称单数代词作主语的句子中。
人称和数的变化,第一、二人称单复数或第三人称复数代词作主语的句子中I、We,yu,they后面是have;he、she、it后面是has
改否定句:借助助动词d或des,即dn’t have或desn’t have
否定句式:主语+dn’t / desn’t +have…
一般疑问句:句首借助助动词d或des,谓语动词一律用have,句尾加问号构成。在句首加助动词d或des,除第三人称单数用des外,其余都用d.
回答时,肯定:Yes,主语+d/des. 否定:N,主语+dn’t/desn’t.
期末检测题
单选
1.________ Jenny. ________ name is Tm.
A.I’m; MyB.Her; MyC.I’m; HisD.He’s; His
2.—Is this picture ________?
—Yes, ________.
A.his; he isB.hers; she isn’t
C.yurs; it isn’tD.yurs; it is
3.—Where is yur mther?
—She is at ________ and cking fr ur ________.
A.family; hmeB.family; familyC.hme; familyD.hme; hme
4.________ is my brther. ________ is my sister ver there(在那边).
A.That; ThisB.This; ThatC.These; ThseD.Thse; These
5.Mr. Wang, ________ my mm.
A.this isB.this’sC.that isD.she is
6.Li Lei can play the guitar, ________ he can’t play it ________.
A.and; gdB.and; wellC.but; gdD.but; well
7. His father __________ have a ball.
A. desn't B. dn't C. isn't D. aren't
8. Sccer is nt easy. It's ______.
A. difficult B. fun C. relaxing D. interesting
9. Sally, let me _______. I must g t schl nw.
A. g B. cme C. t g D. t cme
10.—D yu ften play ______sccer?
—N, I dn't like sprts.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
二、阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A mvie actr went t visit a friend in anther twn. He walked arund the twn fr a lng time trying t find his friend’s address, but he culd nt find it. Sn he was ____1____.
He decided t ask fr directins. There was n ne in the ___2____ but he culd see a shp n the crner. He walked twards it.
The shp was very ___3____. It sld nly newspapers and cigarettes (烟). There was a ____4____ in the windw. It ___5____, “Business Fr Sale. Inquire Within (欲知详情,请进).”
The mvie actr went int the shp. There was an ld man sitting ____6____ the cunter (柜台). He lked at the mvie actr very carefully.
Then he said, “Yu’re the man wh’s ging t ____7____ this shp.”
The mvie actr laughed. “N,” he said. “I’m lst. Can yu tell me hw t ___8____ t Third Street?”
The ld man std up and walked t the ____9____. He pinted t the street.
“G dwn the street t the traffic lights, then turn right. ____10____ the next left. Third Street is the first street n the right.”
“Thank yu very much,” the actr said and walked away.
A few feet frm the shp, he ____11____ walking. He was a very vain (自负的) man and he thught. “The ld man lked at me very carefully. He knws wh I am. Perhaps he wants my autgraph (签名).”
He ____12____ and walked back t the shp. The ld man was ____13____ sitting behind the cunter.
“Yu knw wh I am, dn’t yu?” he said t him.
“Yeah,” the ld man said. “I tld yu. Yu’re the man wh’s ging t buy this shp.” “N, n,” the mvie actr said. “I’m a mvie actr. Did yu see my last ____14____?”
“Yeah, I saw it,” the ld man said. “And believe me, if yu’re ____15____, yu will be the ne t buy my shp.”
1.A.frgtB.fundC.metD.lst
2.A.radB.twnC.streetD.park
3.A.bigB.smallC.tallD.lng
4.A.mapB.nticeC.newspaperD.pstcard
5.A.saidB.wrteC.tldD.saw
6.A.verB.betweenC.acrssD.behind
7.A.sellB.jinC.buyD.leave
8.A.reachB.getC.arriveD.mve
9.A.drB.chairC.bedD.bkcase
10.A.ClimbB.CrssC.TurnD.Take
11.A.stppedB.keptC.enjyedD.finished
12.A.jumpedB.slwedC.stppedD.turned
13.A.evenB.stillC.yetD.ften
14.A.fficeB.mneyC.mvieD.age
15.A.strictB.lazyC.smartD.tired
三、阅读
D yu like pandas? Nw yu can watch them eat and play at iPanda. cm n the Internet 24 hurs a day.
We must save the pandas. The panda is a symbl f China. There are nly abut 1, 600 pandas in the wild(野外). Yu can als see them in the zs f sme cuntries like the US and the UK.
Pandas have big black eyes and they are heavy. When they eat, they sit n the grund and hld the fd with tw hands, just like children. They lk very cute and funny.
Pandas usually live fr 30 years. Nw many pandas in the wild have n fd t eat. They are in danger and they need ur help. We must save the trees and try t prtect(保护) them.
1.Where can peple learn abut pandas’ life 24 hurs a day?
A.In the bk.B.On the radi.C.On the Internet.D.In the newspaper.
2.The underlined wrd “hld” means “________ ”.
A.丢弃B.拔起C.寻觅D.拿着
3.Why are pandas in danger?
A.Because they are t fat.B.Because they have n place t live.
C.Because they have n fd t eat.D.Because peple kill them.
4.What can we knw frm the passage?
A.There are nly 1,600 pandas in the wrld.B.Pandas can usually live t be thirty years ld.
C.Peple can nly see pandas in China.D.The panda is a symbl f gd luck.
5.The best title f the passage is ________.
A.My favrite animalB.Cme and watch iPanda. cm
C.Pandas in the wildD.Let’s save the pandas
四、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.—Is the lng ruler Liu Kai’s?
—N, it isn’t ________ (he).
2.What abut ________ (cme) t my hme?
3.Let ________ (I) ________ (help) ________ (she).
4.Dn’t ________ (wrry). I can ________ (help) yu.
5.Chicken with ptates ________ (be) ________ (he) favrite.
6.May I ________ (knw) yur name?
7.The man in a blue T-shirt is ________ (we) Chinese teacher.
8.Our teacher asks us ________ (cme) t schl at 7:30 every day.
9.Are these ________ (they) bks?
10.What _________ yu _________ (see) at the aquarium last Sunday?
五、根据汉语完成句子
1.别吃太多的肉,它对你的健康不好。
Dn’t eat ________ ________ meat. It’s ________ ________ ________ ________.
2.健康的饮食对跳舞者来说很重要。
A healthy diet is very ________ _________ a dancer.
3.我能看一下你的全家福吗?
Can I see ________ ________ ________ ________ ________?
4.请把这张照片给李明。
Please ________ ________ ________ ________ Li Ming.
5.那些是她的家人吗?
________ ________ her ________?
6.吉姆的生日是在二月十八日。
______birthday is n_____18th.
7.六月的第三个星期天是父亲节。
The______ Sunday in_____ is Father’s Day.
8.排球赛是在什么时候?
When is the_____________?
9.我的生日是在一月一日。
My birthday is n_____________.
10.他们学校举行学校开放日吗?
D they have a_____________at their schl?
句型转换
1.The dictinaries are under the table. (对画线部分提问)
__________ __________ the dictinaries?
2.The pens are n the sfa. (改为一般疑问句)
________ ________ ________n the sfa?
3.—Is the cmputer n the table?(作肯定回答)
—_________,__________ __________.
4.My clck is n the table. My CD is n the table. (合并为一句)
My clck ________ my CD ________ n the table.
5.I have a mdel plane. My brther desn't have a mdel plane. (合并为一句)
部分答案
一、CDCBB DADAD
二、1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.D
11.A 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.C
三、C D C B D
代词
第一人称单数
第二人称单数
第三人称单数
第三人称单数
第三人称单数
第一人称复数
第二人称复数
第三人称复数
主格人称代词
I
yu
he
she
it
we
yu
they
宾格人称代词
me
yu
him
her
it
us
yu
them
形容词性物主代词
my
yur
his
her
its
ur
yur
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yurs
his
hers
its
urs
yurs
theirs
意思
人称代词
形容词性物主代词
Be动词
我
I
my
am
你
yu
yur
are
他
he
his
is
她
she
her
is
它
it
its
is
我们
we
ur
are
你们
yu
yur
are
他们
they
their
are
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