知识串讲04 非谓语动词考点归纳及练习-2023-2024学年高二英语上学期期末常考题型突破（人教版）

这是一份知识串讲04 非谓语动词考点归纳及练习-2023-2024学年高二英语上学期期末常考题型突破（人教版），共12页。试卷主要包含了动词-ing形式的一般式，动词-ing形式的完成式，人称代词的宾格，名词普通格，介词in常可省略的几类句型，主动形式表被动意义等内容，欢迎下载使用。


■选择性必修一u3：动词-ing形式做主语
动词-ing形式的时态
1.动词-ing形式的一般式：表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或者在其后发生，或表示一般情况。
2.动词-ing形式的完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
She is prud f having wn the first prize.她很自豪获得了一等奖。
二、动词-ing形式的语态
动词-ing形式的主动语态表示它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者；动词-ing形式的被动语态表示它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。
He can’t stand being laughed at.他忍受不了被别人嘲笑。
三、动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词-ing形式加上自己的逻辑主语，便构成了动词-ing形式的复合结构。
具体形式有：
1.形容词性物主代词（如his）
2.名词所有格（如Tm’s）
3.人称代词的宾格（如him）
4.名词普通格（如Tm）
We are lking frward t his/him/Tm’s/Tm cming t deliver a speech t us.
我们盼望着他/汤姆来给我们做演讲。
注意：
动词-ing形式的复合结构做主语时，只能用形容词性物主代词和名词所有格两种形式。
Tm’s being utspken wn ur respect.汤姆的坦诚赢得了我们的尊重。
His smking made his family angry.他抽烟使得他家人很生气。
动词-ing形式做主语
1.位置
两种位置关系：第一种放在句首，另一种是it做形式主语，而将-ing形式后置。
Saying is ne thing, and ding is anther.说是一回事，而做事另一回事。
2.常用动词-ing形式做主语的句型：
It is a waste f time ding... 做……是浪费时间。
It is n gd/use ding... 做……是没有好处/用的。
It is n fun ding... 做……没有乐趣。
3.动词-ing形式和t d做主语的区别
动词-ing形式做主语表示比较抽象的一般性行为。t d做主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
Singing is my hbby, and t sing at my friend’s birthday party is my dream.
唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。
■选择性必修一u4：动词-ing形式做宾语和表语
一、动词-ing形式做宾语
1.做动词的宾语
常用的动词有：avid, miss, delay/put ff, advise, finish, practice, enjy, imagine, can’t help, admit, deny, envy, escape, risk, excuse, stand, keep, mind等。
2.做介词的宾语
常用以下短语：be gd at, dream f, care abut, be cncerned abut, be interested in, feel like, insist n, think f,
aim at, set abut等。
t作介词的短语：be addicted t, devted neself t, lk frward t, stick t, pay attentin t, be accustmed t, be used t, get dwn t, bject t, lead t等。
3.接动词-ing或t d做宾语时意义差别不大的动词
常用：begin, start, cntinue, like, lve, prefer, hate, intend等。
4.接动词-ing或t d做宾语时意义差别较大的动词
remember/frget t d与remember/frget ding
Regret t d与regret ding
try t d与try ding
mean t d与mean ding
stp t d与stp ding
can’t help t d与can’t help ding
5.用it做形式宾语，真正的宾语时动词-ing形式
主语+think/cnsider/find/feel/believe+it+n use/n gd/...+ding sth.
6.介词in常可省略的几类句型
（1）主语+have truble/difficulty/a prblem/a gd (bad) time+(in) ding...
（2）主语+spend time+(in) ding...
（3）主语+be busy+(in) ding...
7.主动形式表被动意义
need/require/want ding = need/require/want t be dne 需要被……
二、动名词-ing形式做表语
1.动名词做表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容。
2.现在分词做表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，此类可看作形容词。
3.动名词与动词不定式做表语的区别：
动名词做表语表抽象的一般性动词
动词不定式做表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。
■选择性必修二u4：过去分词做表语和状语
1.过去分词做表语
过去分词可放在系动词be,get, feel, remain, seem, lk, becme等之后做表语，表示主语所处的状态。
例：When we heard f it, we were deeply mved.
注意：过去分词做表语与被动语态的区别
“be+过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时分词通常已形容词化；表示动词时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。
The bk is well written.（系表结构，表主语的状态）
The bk was written by a slider.（被动语态，强调动作）
2.过去分词做状语
它的逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，过去分词与主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。往往由表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
注意：
①过去分词做状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when，thugh，althugh，as if，as thugh，if，unless，until，nce等，表时间能、让步、条件、方式等。
②有些过去分词已形容词化，做状语时表示人的状态，常见的有：satisfied, surprised, interested, mved, wrried, pleased, disappinted等。
③过去分词与现在分词做状语的区别。
过去分词与句子的主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。
■选择性必修二u5：动词-ing形式做状语，表语，定语和宾语补足语
1.动词-ing形式做状语
（1）表时间
Walking in the park, she saw an ld friend.
（2）表原因
Having travelled t many places, he knws a lt.
（3）表伴随或方式
He sent me an e-mail, hping t get further infrmatin.
（4）表条件
Ging there by plane, yu’ll arrive tmrrw mrning.
（5）表让步
Having been tld many times, he still made the same mistake.
（6）表结果
The train was caught in heavy snw, thus causing the delay.
2.动词-ing形式做表语、定语和宾语补足语
（1）做表语
表示抽象的一般性的行为，而不定式做表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
-ed结尾的形容词表示人主观上“感到……的”；-ing结尾的形容词表示事物客观上“令人……的”。
（2）做定语
做定语的动词-ing可以表示所修饰名词的用途。
a waiting rm, a walking stick
做定语的动词-ing可以表示正在进行的动作，也可以表示经常性的动作或当时的状态，可以换成定语从句。
a waiting rm
动词-ing短语做定语常置于它所修饰的名词之后。
（3）做宾语补足语
在see, hear, feel, watch, ntice, hear等感官动词后和catch, find, have,keep, leave, start等动词之后可以用动词-ing形式做宾语补足语。这时动词-ing形式和句子宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，并且动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作。
I culd feel the wind blwing n my face.
注意：
①动词不定式和动词-ing做宾语补足语的区别
在see, hear, feel, watch, ntice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing做宾语补足语，也可用不带t的不定式做宾语补足语。用动词-ing时，表示动作正在进行，用动词不定式时，表示动作的全过程已经结束了。
D yu hear smene kncking at the dr?（表示动作正在进行中）
D yu hear smene knck at the dr?（表示宾语补足语动作的结束）
②独立主格结构
动词-ing形式在句中做状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，则要在动词-ing前加上自身的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
Weather permitting, we will g ut t have a picnic.
非谓语动词综合练习
■单句填空第一篇
1. We are lking fr a htel (stay) fr a night.
2. He was the nly freigner (give) such an hnr.
3. We cnsider it ur duty (safeguard) the wrld peace.
4. As it was very cld, we slept tgether (keep) warm.
5. He is said __________(wrk) abrad since he graduated.
6. We accused him f (play) games during wrking hurs.
7. It is (fright) even t think f the hrrr f the nuclear war.
8. I fund nthing (amaze) in his stry.
9. My clumsy mistake had the girls (laugh) giggling
10. I gt hme, (feel) very tired.
11. With my girlfriend (stand) next t me, I felt safer.
12. (be) away frm my family fr 10 years, I miss them very much.
13. What is the language (speak) in Brazil?
14. We must keep a secret f the things (discuss) nw.
15. The meeting ended with nthing (settle).
16. I suggest we shuld visit the Place Museum, (build) 600 years ag.
17. When (ask) abut his private life, the actr was annyed.
18. Nt (knw) his address, we culd nt get in tuch with him.
19. (laugh) at in public made me angry and embarrassed.
20. The helicpter (rescue) the villagers (trap) in the snwstrm was canceled because f the terrible weather.
21. (transprt) gds by train can reduce pllutin in a way.
22. Beautifully (lcate) in a quiet spt near the river, the htel attracts a lt f peple t stay.
23. I’m calling t enquire abut the psitin (advertise) in yesterday’s China Daily.
24. If the ppulatin f the Earth keeps n increasing at its present rate, there will eventually nt be enugh resurces
(leave) t supprt life n the planet.
答案：1.t stay, 2.t be given, 3.t safeguard, 4.t keep, 5.t have been wrking, 6.playing, 7.frightening, 8.amazing, 9.laugh, 10.feeling, 11.standing, 12.Having been, 13.spken, 14.being discussed, 15.settled, 16.built, 17.asked, 18.having knwn, 19.Being laughed, 20.rescuing, trapped, 21.Transprting, 22.lcated, 23.advertised, 24.left,
■单句填空第二篇
1.T return t the prblem f water pllutin, I’d like yu t lk at a study (cnduct) in Australia in 2012.
2.I’m ging t take advantage f this tur (explre) the histry f the castle.
3.- Jhnsn is said t be the first yung teacher (prmte) t prfessr in yur university this year.
- Exactly. (cnvince) f his wn cmpetence is an imprtant factr in his success.
4.It is n use (cry) ver spilt milk.
5.Students (interest) in wrking fr the Athletic Department shuld cntact the Athletic Crdinatr at their respective campuses.
6. (make) it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand.
7.If (accept) fr the jb, yu’ll be infrmed sn.
8. (rder) ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
9.- Why are yu s familiar with my clse friend Nipple?
- Yeah, I happen, believe it r nt, (meet) him in a packed trip.
10.As well as the weather, the relaxing atmsphere and nightlife are very (appeal).
11.I waited fr him at the train statin fr an hur and I was afraid that he may miss the train, but luckily, he shwed up with nly ten minutes (remain)．
12.The vlunteers are reminded f taking everything (belng) t them befre leaving the htel.
13.The thief fell t the grund, his left ft (break) and bld (run) dwn frm his muth.
14.Be careful when yu deal with this chemical, as it will explde when (expse) t sunlight.
15.The meeting (be) ver, I fund her seated at the desk and (listen) t music.
16.The rbt is (equip) with speakers, micrphnes and cameras, which makes cmmunicatin easier.
17. (devte) t teaching, as we knw, cntributes t his ppularity with his students.
18.His car (repair) in the repair shp, he drve his brther’s instead.
19.My lder brther and I are busy (arrange) a trip t Africa.
20.Last weekend as I was riding in the bike lane alngside the truck, we reached a crssing and it turned t the right,
(hit) me and my bicycle.
21.I then realized she had n arms r legs, just a head, a neck and upper bdy, (dress) in a little
white skirt.
22.The three travelers finally reached the hme f Bertha’s mther arund dusk, (cver) 65 miles in less than 12.
23.W Sing stpped (think) abut these strange actins,saying t himself, “This by is fling me.He des everything that I d.”
24.Mst prbably, it may lead t a small talk which ften brings harm r disrespect t thers, thus
(hurt) thers’ feelings.
25.Taking a taxi is five times as expensive as (take) a bus.
答案：1-5 cnducted, t explre, t have been prmted/being cnvinced,crying, interested;
6-10 T make, accepted, Having been rdered, t meet, appealing
11-15 remaining, belnging, brken/running, expsed, being/listening
16-20 equipped, devted, being repaired, arranging, hitting
21-25 dressed, cvering, thinking, hurting, taking
■单句填空第三篇
1. (cmpete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.
2. (enjy) the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smartphnes.
3. A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, (reflect ) man's intelligence and creativity.
4. During the Mid-Autumn Festival , family members ften gather tgether (share) a meal, admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.
5. Ordinary sap, (use) crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
6. The ld man entered the meeting rm , (supprt) by his granddaughter.
7.Mr Li gt (catch) in heavy traffic and came t schl late that mrning.
8. Tm sunds very much (interest) in the jb, but I'm nt sure whether he can manage it.
9. The ( excite) lk n the teacher's face suggested that she was (satisfy) with ur perfrmance.
10. When the class was ver, he remained (seat) there.
11. The painter lked s (tire) after wrking fr a whle day.
12. (frighten) by the lud nise,I went t see what was happening.
13. (lse) in thught,she nearly ran int a tree.
14. Thugh (tell) t stp ,the tw girls kept n talking at the meeting.
15. He felt (disappint) at the result f examinatin.
16.My mther appeared (please) with the cakes she made.
17. Anyne, nce (test) psitive fr COVID-19, will receive free medical treatment frm ur
gvernment.
18.The natinal park has a large cllectin f wildlife, (range) frm butterflies t elephants.
答案：1. Cmpleted 2. T enjy 3. reflecting 4. t share 5. used 6. supprted 7. caught 8. interested 9. excited ;satisfied,10.seated 11. tired 12. Frightened 13. Lst 14. tld 15. disappinted 16.pleased 17.tested, 18.ranging
■单句填空第四篇
1.He is s stubbrn, s it’s n use (talk) t him again.
2.When it cmes t (speak) in public, n ne can match him.
3.When we gt a call (say) she was shrt-listed, we thught it was a jke.
4. (read) alud is a gd way t imprve yur spken English.
5.The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment, (allw) mre patients t be treated.
6. (select) the prper present, they sent it t their respectable prfessr.
7.It is best t place burns under cl (run) water, especially within the first ten minutes.
8.If yu see smene (chke),first call the emergency services.
9.It is a waste f time (try) t persuade him t give up playing cmputer games.
10.The by was lucky t escape (punish). Dn’t frget t pst the letter n yur way t schl.
11. (shw) arund the factry, they were very happy.
12.The fruit (lk) fresh in his fruit stand sells well.
13.We’re having a meeting in half an hur. The decisin (make) at the meeting will influence the future f ur cmpany.
14. (tell) many times, he finally understd it.
15.It rained heavily in the suth, (cause) serius flding in several prvince.
16.I didn’t mean (eat) anything but the ice-cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help
(catch).
17.I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train (catch).
18.We’ve had a gd start, but next, mre wrk needs (d) t achieve the final success.
19.The party will be held in the garden,weather (permit).
20. (wait) in the queue fr half an hur, the ld man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
21.I hurried t schl, nly (find) it was Sunday.
22.His (be) late annyed me.
答案：1-10 talking, speaking, saying, Reading, allwing, Having selected, running, chking, trying, being punished,
11-22 Having been shwn, lking, t be made, Having been tld, causing, t eat, catching, t catch, ding/t be dne, permitting, Having waited, t find, being,
■语篇填空
The pwer f an “I can” attitude is amazing.A guy named Danny wh tried ut fr The Biggest Lser weighed mre than anyne I’d ever seen at his age—19 years ld and 450 punds.He culdn’t even clse his hands 1. (make)a fist.I usually think anyne can d anything,2. I had my dubts abut him.“Yu scare me”,I said t him.“3. (hnest),I dn’t think yu can d it.And by the way,where are yur shes?”
“It’s t hard t get them n”,he replied.“Name it.I’ll d anything t be n this shw.4. d yu want me t prve that I can d it?”
“OK”,I said,5. (figure) I’d scare him ff.“G ut f this rm,and take the first dr n yur right.It’s the 6. (stair).Take them dwn t the bttm—we were n the 20th flr—then climb back up.”Withut 7. (hesitate),he walked ut f the rm,still sheless.
After 20 minutes,he 8. (burst)thrugh the dr,bare-ft,sweating all ver,hardly able t speak.The place erupted with applause.Then the kid appeared 9. the shw and lst almst 250 punds ver tw seasns.
When yu becme 10. “I can” persn,a wrld f pssibility pens.
答案：
1.t make 句意：他甚至不能合拢双手握拳。攥手的目的是为了握拳头，在句中作目的状语用动词不定式。故填t make；
2.but/yet 句意：我通常认为任何人都能做任何事，但我对他有怀疑。考查连词。表示转折关系。故填but/yet；
3.Hnestly句意：老实说，我觉得你做不到。考查副词。hnestly说真地,坦诚地说，修饰整个句子，作状语用副词形式。故填Hnestly；
4.Hw句意：你要我怎样证明我能做到呢？考查副词，hw在句中作方式状语，意为“怎么样”。故填Hw；
5.figuring 句意：“好吧，”我说，想着我会把他吓跑的。考查非谓语动词，figure(认为)作谓语动词said的伴随状语，和其逻辑主语，也就是句子主语I，构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词-ing作状语。故填figuring；
6.stairs 句意：这是楼梯。考查名词的复数形式。stair为可数名词，根据语境，从二十楼到一楼要走很多楼梯，故填stairs；
7.hesitatin句意：他毫不犹豫地走出了房间，还没穿鞋。考查名词，withut hesitatin是固定搭配，故填hesitatin；
8.burst 句意：20分钟后，他破门而入，光着脚，浑身是汗，几乎说不出话来。考查时态，根据语境可知，这里描述的是过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。故填burst；
9.n 句意：然后这个孩子上了节目，在两季的时间里减掉了近250磅。考查介词，n the shw为固定搭配，第4空前的句子有复现：“I’ll d anything t be n this shw”。故填n；
10.an 句意：当你成为一个“我能”的人，一个充满可能性的世界就打开了。考查冠词，根据语境，要成为一个有着“我能行”态度的人。“I can”是定语，以元音音素开头，故填an；