北京专用04 阅读培优小卷-2023年高一英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷（解析版）

这是一份北京专用04 阅读培优小卷-2023年高一英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷（解析版），共11页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
（2022春·北京·高一人大附中）
The day will cme when renewable energy such as wind, slar, gethermal and thers replace fssil fuels as the majr surce f wrld energy. Hwever, mst analysts insist that this day will nt arrive fr many decades t cme—certainly well past the middle f the century. Systems f fssil fuels have already been firmly set up, and it is t cstly r impractical t replace the existing systems with renewables. But there are gd reasns t believe that the transitin(转变) t renewables will cme much faster than previusly thught.
It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slw transitin frm fssil fuels t renewables, given what is knwn abut previus energy changes f this srt. “Energy transitins take a lng time,” bserved Vaclav Smil f the University f Manitba. It tk mre than 50 years fr cal t replace wd as the wrld’s leading surce f energy and anther 50 years fr il t replace cal; the change frm fssil fuels t renewables, he argued, is nt likely t cme any faster.
Under rdinary circumstances, Smil’s frecast wuld n dubt prve accurate. But these are nt rdinary times. Grwing cncern ver climate change is leading t increasingly strict cntrls n CO2 and ther greenhuse gas (GHG) emissins(排放),while the develpment in renewables technlgy is lwering their price and speeding their installatin(安装).
There are, f curse, many difficulties in the effective cntrl f carbn emissins, as demnstrated by cal cmpanies t blck the intrductin f new rules by the US Envirnmental Prtectin Agency. Nevertheless, it is impssible t take n ntice f the prgress being made at the lcal and internatinal levels t prmte the use f renewables. The Eurpean Unin (E.U.), fr example, is well n the way t achieving a 20% reductin in GHG emissins frm 1990 levels by 2025, alng with a 20%increase in the use f renewable energy.
The transitin t renewables will be faster due t dramatic US imprvements in the pricing and perfrmance f such systems. As a result f the steady increases in the efficiency f wind and slar systems, tgether with the savings achieved thrugh large—scale manufacture, the price f renewables is falling glbally. With prices drpping this fast, slar energy is nw prving cmpetitive with fssil fuels fr generating electricity in many areas.
The change frm fssil fuels t renewable energy will nt cme vernight, and it will nt escape many setbacks. Nevertheless, renewables are likely t replace fssil fuels as the main surce f electrical pwer well befre mid—century.
1．Vaclav Smil believes that ________.
A．renewable energies are nt very practical
B．the change t renewables will cme slwly
C．systems f fssil fuels have been firmly set up
D．there are many setbacks f renewable energies
2．We can learn frm the passage that Eurpean Unin ________.
A．has cut dwn half f the carbn emissins
B．has failed t find a way t reduce GHG emissins
C．is trying its best t encurage the use f renewables
D．tries t stp the intrductin f new rules n renewables
3．The renewables are mre cmpetitive because f ________.
A．their falling pricesB．the decline in the cal industry
C．internatinal tradeD．the new rules n CO2 emissin
4．Accrding t the passage, ________.
A．Smil’s frecast has prved t be inaccurate in all situatins
B．Renewable energy serves as a majr surce f energy in tday’s wrld
C．Cmpanies supprted the rules made by US Envirnmental Prtectin Agency
D．There has been a steady imprvement in the efficiency f wind and slar systems
5．The authr writes this passage in rder t ________.
A．call n peple t use fewer fssil fuels
B．give advice n hw t prmte renewables
C．argue that the energy transitin will cme sner
D．prve that renewables will be the majr surce f energy
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了风能、太阳能、地热能等可再生能源将取代化石燃料，成为世界能源的主要来源。
【解析】
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slw transitin frm fssil fuels t renewables, given what is knwn abut previus energy changes f this srt. Energy transitins take a lng time.(许多专家说，我们将看到从化石燃料到可再生能源的相对缓慢的过渡，这一点并不令人惊讶，因为我们对以前的这类能源变化已经有所了解。“能源转换需要很长时间。)”可知，斯米尔认为可再生能源的变化将缓慢地到来。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Nevertheless, it is impssible t dismiss the prgress being made at the lcal and internatinal levels t prmte the use f renewables. The Eurpean Unin(E.U), fr example, is well n the way t achieving a 20% reductin in GHG emissins frm 1990 levels by 2020.(然而，地方和国际在促进使用可再生能源方面所取得的进展是不可能忽略的，例如，欧洲联盟正在朝着到2020年将温室气体排放量从1990年的水平减少20%的方向前进。)”可知，我们可以从欧盟中了解到，它正在尽力鼓励使用可再生能源可再生能源。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“As a result f the steady increases in the efficiency f wind and slar systems, tgether with the savings achieved thrugh large-scale manufacture, the price f renewables is falling glbally. With prices drpping this fast, slar energy is nw prving cmpetitive with fssil fuels fr generating electricity in many areas.(由于风能和太阳能系统的效率不断提高，加上通过大规模生产而节省下来的成本，可再生能源的价格在全球范围内正在下降，随着价格的快速下降，太阳能在许多领域与化石燃料的发电竞争日益激烈。)”可知可再生能源更具有竞争力，因为他们的价格下跌。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Under rdinary circumstances, Smil’s frecast wuld n dubt prve accurate.(在一般情况下，斯米尔的预测无疑是准确的。)”可知，斯米尔的预测是准确的，故排除A项；根据文章最后一段“Nevertheless, renewables are likely t replace fssil fuels as the main surce f electrical pwer well befre mid—century. (然而，可再生能源很可能在本世纪中叶之前取代化石燃料成为主要电力来源。)”可知，当今世界的主要来源是化石燃料，故排除B项；根据文章第四段“There are, f curse, many difficulties in the effective cntrl f carbn emissins, as demnstrated by cal cmpanies t blck the intrductin f new rules by the US Envirnmental Prtectin Agency.(当然，有效控制碳排放存在许多困难，正如煤炭公司阻止美国环境保护署出台新规则所显示的那样。)”可知，煤炭公司不支持美国环境署制定的规则，故排除C项；根据文章倒数第二段“As a result f the steady increases in the efficiency f wind and slar systems, (由于风能和太阳能系统的效率不断提高。)”可知，风能和太阳能的效率稳步提升。故选D项。
5．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Nevertheless, renewables are likely t replace fssil fuels as the main surce f electrical pwer well befre mid-century.(然而，在本世纪中叶，可再生能源很可能取代化石燃料作为电力的主要来源。)”可知作者认为能量转换会很快到来。故选C项。
B
（2022春·北京·高一北师大实验中学）
A character in ne f Shakespeare’s plays nce said, “Sme are brn great, sme achieve greatness, and sme have greatness thrust upn them.” Any f these culd apply t the mdern-day sprtsmen. Many still argue abut the nature f talent. Sme claim that peple are brn t be sprtsmen, while thers say it is nly thrugh devtin and hard wrk that they achieve their abilities. Arguably thugh, it is nt until their talents are acknwledged (认可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upn them.
With this acknwledgement f their “greatness” cme all the trappings f mdern-day celebrity: mney, pwer, influence and respnsibility. Fr better r fr wrse, like it r hate it, mdern sprtsmen are the rle mdels f children everywhere. These children will grw up admiring their heres, devting their lives t cpying their every mve, and wanting abve all t be like them. Due t this fascinatin, particularly with the massive influence f the media, it is mre imprtant than ever fr these sprtsmen t acknwledge their respnsibility.
In the past few mnths alne, there have been many examples f questinable behavirs frm sprts stars f the present day. They are ften mirrring the very wrst aspects f sciety, a fact that the self-righteus (自以为是的) anger f the mdern press has been quick t pint ut. It wuld be wrng fr us t expect sprtsmen t be perfect. It wuld als be wrng fr us t think that their behavir is markedly different frm the sprtsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye f mdern media it is a different wrld, and different standards must be expected.
Of curse, there is n duty fr sprtsmen t be gd rle mdels. There are n prisn sentences, n fines, n cmmunity service—unless their behavirs are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up t them as t whether r nt they think their behavir is apprpriate. Furthermre, measuring the true influence their decisins have n their fllwers is abslutely impssible. Sme will rise against their idls, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actins. Others may cpy their heres’ actins, using them as a shield when accused f the same crimes.
It is withut dubt that the actins f sprtsmen will influence the lives f thse wh wrship them. Mdern day sprtsmen are almst ideals f tday’s wrld, and their actins are watched carefully by millins ver the wrld. Sme may cmplain against it, denying their influence n these children’s lives. Others may be aware f it but nt respect it, while many may bth be aware f it and respect it. In a wrd, yu d nt chse whether yu are a rle mdel. All yu can d is t decide hw t act when greatness is thrust upn yu.
6．In Paragraph 1, the authr tries t emphasize ______.
A．sprtsmen becme great when their gifts are recgnized by peple
B．sprtsmen achieve greatness thrugh their devtin and effrts
C．different ways fr sprtsmen t achieve success and greatness
D．the cre characteristic t becme great sprtsmen nwadays
7．Accrding t Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______.
A．rle mdels usually have psitive influence n their fans
B．sprtsmen have the right t behave freely within the law
C．all the fans will fllw their heres’ actins
D．n duty is given t sprtsmen
8．The underlined phrase thrust upn in paragraph 1 mst prbably means ______.
A．put ff B．remved frm C．related t D．frced n
9．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T advise the media t chse prper events t reprt.
B．T infrm the public that sprtsmen are n rle mdels.
C．T remind the sprtsmen f their scial respnsibilities.
D．T argue that sprtsmen shuld nt be expected as heres.
【答案】6．A 7．B 8．D 9．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，很多有名的运动员成为孩子的偶像，他们的言行对崇拜他们的人有很大影响，因此应注意自身的言行，履行社会责任。
【解析】
6．推理判断题。根据第一段“Arguably thugh, it is nt until their talents are acknwledged (认可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upn them. (然而，尽管有争议，直到他们的才能得到公众的认可，他们才真正伟大。)”可知，第一段试图强调运动员的天赋被人们认可时才会变得伟大。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段“Of curse there is n bligatin fr sprtsmen t be gd rle mdels. There are n prisn sentences, n fines, n cmmunity service—unless their behavirs are illegal.(当然，运动员没有义务成为好的榜样。没有监禁判决，没有罚款，没有社区服务——除非他们的行为是违法的。)”可知，运动员有在法律范围内自由行动的权利。故选B。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线短语前一句“Sme are brn great，sme achieve greatness(有些人生来伟大，有些人通过努力获得伟大)”可知，划线短语所在句“and sme have greatness thrust upn them”是讲述另一种变得伟大的方式，应是“被迫变得伟大”，所以thrust upn意为“被迫，强加于”。故选D。
9．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段最后一句“Due t this fascinatin, particularly with the massive influence f the media, it is mre imprtant than ever fr these sprtsmen t acknwledge their respnsibility.(由于这种迷恋，尤其是媒体的巨大影响，对这些运动员来说，承认他们的责任比以往任何时候都重要。)”可知，本文主要讲述运动员成为很多人的偶像，他们的行为影响着崇拜他们的人，所以本文的目的是提醒运动员他们所承担的社会责任。故选C。
C
（2023春·北京·高一北京市第五中学）
Like many ther peple wh speak mre than ne language, I ften have the sense that I’m a slightly different persn in each f my languages—mre cnfident in English, mre relaxed in French, mre emtinal in Czech. Is it pssible that, alng with these differences, my mral cmpass (指南针) als pints in smewhat different directins depending n the language I’m using at the time?
Psychlgists wh study mral judgments have becme very interested in this questin. The findings f several recent studies suggest that when peple are faced with mral dilemmas (困境), they d indeed respnd differently when cnsidering them in a freign language than when using their native tngue.
In a 2014 paper led by Albert Csta, vlunteers were presented with a mral dilemma knwn as the “trlley prblem”: imagine that a runaway trlley is mving quickly tward a grup f five peple standing n the tracks, unable t mve. Yu are next t a switch that can mve the trlley t a different set f tracks, therefre sparing the five peple, but resulting in the death f ne wh is standing n the side tracks. D yu pull the switch?
Mst peple agree that they wuld. But what if the nly way t stp the trlley is by pushing a large stranger ff a ftbridge int its path? Peple tend t be very hesitant t say they wuld d this, even thugh in bth situatins, ne persn is sacrificed t save five. But Csta and his clleagues fund that presenting the dilemma in a language that vlunteers had learned as a freign tngue dramatically increased their stated willingness t push the sacrificial persn ff the ftbridge, frm fewer than 20% f respndents wrking in their native language t abut 50% f thse using the freign ne.
Why des it matter whether we judge mrality in ur native language r a freign ne? Accrding t ne explanatin, such judgments invlve tw separate and cmpeting ways f thinking—ne f these, a quick, natural “feeling,” and the ther, careful deliberatin abut the greatest gd fr the greatest number. When we use a freign language, we uncnsciusly sink int the mre careful way simply because the effrt f perating in ur nn-native language signals ur cgnitive (认知的) system t prepare fr difficult activity.
An alternative explanatin is that differences arise between native and freign tngues because ur childhd languages are filled with greater emtins than are thse learned in mre academic settings. As a result, mral judgments made in a freign language are less filled with the emtinal reactins that surface when we use a language learned in childhd.
There’s strng evidence that memry cnnects a language with the experiences and interactins thrugh which that language was learned. Fr example, peple wh are bilingual (双语的) are mre likely t recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event ccurred. Our childhd languages, learned in the middle f passinate emtin, becme filled with deep feeling. By cmparisn, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned thrugh limited interactins in the classrm r dully delivered ver cmputer screens and headphnes, enter ur minds lacking the emtinality that is present fr their native speakers.
10．What des “this questin” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．What cntributes t ne’s language imprvements?
B．Is it necessary t learn mre than ne freign language?
C．Des the language ne uses influence ne’s mral judgments?
D．Hw d peple deal with mral dilemmas in a freign language?
11．When the “trlley prblem” was presented in a freign language, vlunteers were mre likely t ______.
A．care less abut the five peple
B．pull the switch t the side tracks
C．remain hesitant abut what t d
D．sacrifice the stranger n the ftbridge
12．The underlined wrd in Paragraph 5 is clsest in meaning t ______.
A．cnsideratinB．guidance
C．selectin D．arrangement
13．What can we learn frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Bilingual peple are less emtinal than thers.
B．Native language learning invlves greater emtins.
C．Childhd memries limit freign language learning.
D．Academic settings prmte freign language learning.
【答案】10．C 11．D 12．A 13．B
【导语】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考和用母语思考时的反应确实不同。
【解析】
10．细节理解题。根据文章第二段The findings f several recent studies suggest that when peple are faced with mral dilemmas (困境), they d indeed respnd differently when cnsidering them in a freign language than when using their native tngue.可知，最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考的反应和他们的母语思考的反应确实是不同的。所以此问题指的是一个人使用的语言会影响他的道德判断吗？故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第四段But Csta and his clleagues fund that presenting the dilemma in a language that vlunteers had learned as a freign tngue dramatically increased their stated willingness t push the sacrificial persn ff the ftbridge, frm fewer than 20% f respndents wrking in their native language t abut 50% f thse using the freign ne.可知，志愿者们用已经学会的外语来表达这种两难境地时，极大地增加了他们将牺牲者推下人行桥的意愿。分别与D选择项中的sacrifice和 ftbridge分别对应。故选D。
12．词义猜测题。根据文章第五段Accrding t ne explanatin, such judgments invlve tw separate and cmpeting ways f thinking—ne f these, a quick, natural “feeling,”这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式——一种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段An alternative explanatin is that differences arise between native and freign tngues because ur childhd languages are filled with greater emtins than are thse learned in mre academic settings. 母语和外语之间的差异是因为我们的童年语言比在学术环境中学习的语言更充满感情，和最后一段By cmparisn, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned thrugh limited interactins in the classrm r dully delivered ver cmputer screens and headphnes, enter ur minds lacking the emtinality that is present fr their native speakers. 后天习得的语言，缺乏母语者所具有的情感。所以说，母语学习包含更多的情感。故选B。
D
（2022春·北京顺义·高一牛栏山一中）
Fr 18 years after her retirement, Deng Xialan vlunteered t teach music in a village in Fuping cunty, Hebei prvince. Her inspiratinal teaching and the enthusiasm and talent f her pupils made the 44 children frm Malan village sing the Olympic anthem (颂歌) in Greek at the pening ceremny f the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics n Feb, which were ne f the highlights f the night.
Deng’s invlvement with the rural children can be dated back t her parents. Her father Deng Tu was the publisher f Jinchaji Daily, a newspaper which was based in Malan village in Fuping cunty, Hebei prvince, frm 1939 t 1948. During the Japanese aggressin (侵略), 19 Malan lcals were killed fr refusing t divulge infrmatin abut the newspaper. Under the influence f her parents, wh bth had a passin fr music, she learned the vilin and singing when she was yung. She jined the schl band after entering Tsinghua University, and als taught her wrkmates t play the vilin after graduatin.
In 2003, when Deng Xialan returned t the village t remember the persns wh were killed by Japanese invaders, a grup f lcal children als attended the ceremny. She wanted t sing a sng tgether with the children in cmmemratin (纪念仪式), but nne f the children knew the well-knwn sngs she named.
“If the children culdn’t sing, then they wuldn’t knw hw t appreciate music. Life wuld be s clrless if it desn’t have music,” Deng said. “My parents lived and fught here when they were yung, and they wanted the lcals t live a happy life. S I thught if I had the chance, I must teach them t sing.”
Deng began t travel between Beijing and the village since 2004 t teach the children music. She cllected instruments and als rebuilt the schl huses by raising funds and using her wn mney. As the children had n backgrund in music, she had t teach them basic music knwledge.
Tw years later, she frmed the Malan Band. Amng mre than 200 students taught by Deng, many left the muntainus village t receive university educatin, sme f whm are studying art at university r have entered a career in art educatin.
14．What cntributed t the 44 children sing at the pening ceremny?
A．They have a gd cmmand f Greek.
B．The Winter Olympics Cmmittee chse them.
C．Deng’s inspiratinal deeds and talent f her pupils.
D．Deng Xialan taught them and helped them sign up.
15．What can we knw abut Deng’s life in paragraph 2?
A．She was a publisher f Jinchaji Daily.
B．She majred in music in Tsinghua University.
C．Her father was killed during Japanese aggressin.
D．Her parents played an imprtant rle in her lve f music.
【答案】14．C 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了邓小兰带领阜平县马兰村和周边村庄的44名儿童在2022年在北京冬奥会上演唱奥运会歌事件。
【解析】
14．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her inspiratinal teaching and the enthusiasm and talent f her pupils made the 44 children frm Malan village sing the Olympic anthem (颂歌) in Greek at the pening ceremny f the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics n Feb, which were ne f the highlights f the night.(她鼓舞人心的教学和同学们的热情才华，让马兰村的44名孩子在2022年北京冬奥会开幕式上用希腊语演唱了奥运会歌，这是当晚的亮点之一。)”可知，邓小兰的鼓舞人心的行为和学生的才华促成了44名儿童在北京冬奥会开幕式上用希腊语演唱奥运会会歌。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Under the influence f her parents, wh bth had a passin fr music, she learned the vilin and singing when she was yung. (在热爱音乐的父母的影响下，她从小就学会了小提琴和唱歌。)”可知，邓小兰的父母在她对音乐的热爱中起到了重要的作用。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022春·北京顺义·高一牛栏山一中）
Fr many students, maths and science have always been bring and even difficult subjects. Teachers have lng tried a variety f ways t get students excited abut STEM, which stands fr science, technlgy, engineering and maths. ____16____.
The use f rbtics is n the rise in tday’s wrld. ____17____ Nt nly des it give them a head start in subjects like cmputer prgramming, maths and science, it can als develp an interest in careers students may have never cnsidered befre.
Rbts are mst ften related t technlgy and ther STEM-related fields. Hwever, playing with rbts has educatinal benefits beynd simply learning t build and prgram the rbts themselves. Rbts can be used t in prblem-based learning t develp students’ prblem-slving skills and get them wrking cperatively and mre. In this learning mdel, students are presented with a prblem they must slve. ____18____. This inspires creativity, critical thinking and cperatin—all imprtant 21s-century skills.
Rbts aren’t just fr students wh need a challenge. ____19____ Students with autism wh may shy away frm interactin with a human being are mre likely t pen up t a rbt, and the risk f failure r embarrassment in frnt f the rbt is much lwer. Rbts can prvide a way fr them t practice scial skills withut the pressure f interacting with a real persn.
There are a wide variety f rbts available fr classrm use. ____20____ It nw makes rbts designed fr students in elementary and middle schl. The rbts can be prgrammed using a cmputer r tablet and a simplified prgramming app. This intrduces the basics f prgramming and rbtics t yunger students wh might then chse t study further in high schl and cllege.
Rbts are nly ging t becme a bigger part f everyday life in the future. Using rbts in the classrm is a prven way t get kids excited and increase learning.
A．Allwing students t play with rbts and learn hw they wrk can have huge benefits fr them.
B．Instead f fllwing a teacher’s directins, students wrk ut their wn slutins t the prblem.
C．One f the mst ppular is frm LEGO, the cmpany that first made engineering fun fr kids.
D．It turns ut ne f the best ways t get kids interested in STEM is thrugh the use f rbts.
E．Playing with rbts can have additinal benefits fr students with disabilities.
F．Research int this pssibility has already begun.
G．Rbts are naturally fun and exciting fr kids.
【答案】16．D 17．A 18．B 19．E 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人对学生学习STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）的好处以及机器人的具体应用等。
【解析】
16．根据上文“Fr many students, maths and science have always been bring and even difficult subjects. Teachers have lng tried a variety f ways t get students excited abut STEM, which stands fr science, technlgy, engineering and maths.(对许多学生来说，数学和科学一直是枯燥甚至困难的科目。长期以来，教师们一直在尝试各种方法让学生对STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）感到兴奋)”以及后文“The use f rbtics is n the rise in tday’s wrld.(机器人技术在当今世界的应用越来越多)”可知，本句属于过渡句，指出让孩子对STEM感兴趣的方法是利用机器人。故D选项“事实证明，让孩子对STEM感兴趣的最好方法之一是使用机器人”符合语境，故选D。
17．根据上文“The use f rbtics is n the rise in tday’s wrld.(机器人技术在当今世界的应用越来越多)”可知，本句承接上文举例说明机器人技术的具体应用。故A选项“让学生们和机器人玩，学习它们是如何工作的，会给他们带来巨大的好处”符合语境，故选A。
18．根据上文“In this learning mdel, students are presented with a prblem they must slve.(在这种学习模式中，学生面临一个他们必须解决的问题)”以及后文“This inspires creativity, critical thinking and cperatin--all imprtant 21s-century skills.(这激发了创造力、批判性思维和合作——这些都是21世纪的重要技能)”可知，本句旨在说明学生必须自己解决的问题是什么，故B选项“学生自己解决问题，而不是听从老师的指示”符合语境，故选B。
19．根据后文“Students with autism wh may shy away frm interactin with a human being are mre likely t pen up t a rbt, and the risk f failure r embarrassment in frnt f the rbt is much lwer. Rbts can prvide a way fr them t practice scial skills withut the pressure f interacting with a real persn.(那些可能会羞于与人类互动的自闭症学生更有可能对机器人敞开心扉，在机器人面前失败或尴尬的风险要低得多。机器人可以为他们提供一种练习社交技能的方式，而不用与真人互动的压力)”可知，后文自病症的例子说明机器人对残疾学生也有益处。故E选项“玩机器人对残疾学生有额外的好处”符合语境，故选E。
20．根据上文“There are a wide variety f rbts available fr classrm use.(可供教室使用的机器人种类繁多)”可知，本句承接上文列举可以在教室使用的机器人。故C选项“最受欢迎的玩具之一来自乐高，这家公司最早让孩子们对工程感兴趣”符合语境，故选C。