2023-2024学年上海市位育中学高三上学期期中测评英语试卷含答案

这是一份2023-2024学年上海市位育中学高三上学期期中测评英语试卷含答案，共14页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A Grammar
Behaviur cntracts fr teenagers
The cnflict between yu and yur sn r daughter is a prblem, maybe it’s time yu thught abut setting up a ‘hme rules cntract’. This is an idea that’s being used mre and mre ften, especially in families with rebellius teenage children. We interviewed Dr Amy Barker, a psychlgist, wh is in favur f the idea.
What is a hme rules cntract?
Dr Barker: It’s a frmal agreement abut the rules f behavir that teenagers____21____(expect)t fllw at hme. It shuld state clearly what the rules are, what privileges the teens will get if they bey the rules and what punishments will fllw if they dn’t. The cntract is signed by everyne___2_2____(invlve), just like a legal dcument.
Wh____23____ ________write the cntract?
Dr Barker: All the adults wh have a parental rle shuld be engaged. It’s imprtant that they all agree and stick t the rules themselves. At the same time, the teenagers shuld als cntribute their ideas.___2_4____ they take part in making the rules, they’ll be mre likely t fllw them. The final cntract shuld be the result f discussin,____25____(respect)everyne’s pint f view, and all the peple wh have signed shuld get a cpy.
What are the advantages f a cntract?
Dr Barker: It makes it very clear t teens what they are and aren’t allwed____26____(d), and they can see what the cnsequences f their actins will be. S they learn t cntrl their behaviur. Fr parents, the cntract strengthens their authrity and helps them t be fair and reliable.
What areas shuld be cvered in a cntract?
Dr Barker: That depends. Yu can’t make rules fr everything, s yu have t decide what’s mst imprtant and____27____ the main prblems lie. Cmmn tpics include the hurs___28____ teenagers ught t be hme, the spending mney they receive, the husewrk they need t d at hme and their use f phnes r netwrking sites. Fr lder teens, rules abut driving a car may als be imprtant.
D cntracts slve____29____?
Dr Barker: N, f curse nt! There will always be cnflicts and disagreements_____30_____ peple in a family. But a cntract that everyne respects can help t keep the peace.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
N child r yung athlete shuld be subjected t genetic testing t find sprting talent r imprve perfrmance, cnclude the experts in a statement published in the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine.
The scientific evidence n the effectiveness f these __31__ tests is simply far t weak t back their use, says the experts in the fields f genmics, exercise, sprts perfrmance, etc. While the science f genmics has advanced rapidly ver the past decade, the ability t interpret the meaning f genetic test results is still at a relatively early stage.
But that has nt stpped the grwth f the "direct t cnsumer" genetic tests, which claim t be able t spt children's athletic talents r tailr training t __32__ perfrmance. This fast-grwing market has caused fears that the still limited level f knwledge n the genetics f sprts perfrmance is being __33__ fr cmmercial gain.
T infrm the statement, the panel lked at the availability f DIY genetic tests. It fund 39 cmpanies __34__ tests assciated with sprt r exercise perfrmance r injury -- almst twice as many as in 2018.
The claims included: "__35__ yur training based n yur sprts genetics," "Give parents and caches early infrmatin n their child's genetic __36__ fr success fr sprts," and "We use yur DNA results t help yu lse fat, build muscle, get fitter."
But the __37__ f any gd scientific data t guide selectin f which variants t test weakens the value f multiple testing. Besides, while there is sme evidence t suggest a link with enhanced physical perfrmance, it is very weak, making the __38__ value f these tests "actually zer," says the statement.
The statement emphasizes the __39__ f change in gene sequencing technlgy has gt much faster than regulatin. And it pints ut the imprtance f cunselling befre any genetic test is taken.
"While further evidence will undubtedly emerge arund the genetics f sprt perfrmance in the future, the data are currently very __40__. Therefre, in this stage f limited knwledge, n child r yung athlete shuld be expsed t genetic testing t define r alter training r fr talent identificatin aimed at selecting gifted children r adlescents," it cncludes.
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Climate experts have warned abut the many ways a warming planet can negatively affect human health. ___41____ glbal temperatures are predicted t increase by 1.4℃ by the 2040s, that risk is becming increasingly real.
One lng-held predictin that appears t be cming true — accrding t the results f a study recently published in Nature Scientific Reprts — is hw climate change might enhance ____42____ f bacteria that thrive and spread thrugh warm sea waters and cause an infectin with a particularly high ____43____ rate.
Vibri vulnificus (创伤弧菌) flurishes in salty r brackish waters abve 68℉. Infectins are currently rare in the U.S., but that’s likely t change. Using 40 years f data n infectins, scientists at the University f East Anglia in the U.K. fund that Vibri vulnificusis ____44____ frm its histric Gulf Cast range, with mre Nrthern states reprting infectins as waters becme warmer.
“We’re seeing the cre ____44____ f infectins extending t areas that traditinally have very few and very rare cases,” says Elizabeth Archer, a Ph.D. researcher and ____46____ authr f the study. “But these areas are nw cming int the main area f infectins.”
Based n the latest data n hw much the wrld’s water and air temperatures will rise, the scientists predict that by 2081, Vibri vulnificus infectins culd reach every state alng the U.S. East Cast. Currently, nly abut 80 cases are reprted in the U.S. each year; by 2081, that culd g up t ver three-fld, the authrs say.
Such a prliferatin culd have serius health cnsequences. Vibri vulnificus kills apprximately 20% f the healthy peple it infects, and 40% f thse with weakened immune systems. There is little evidence that antibitics can ____47____ the infectin, but dctrs may prescribe them in sme cases. Peple can get infected either by eating raw shellfish like ysters r by expsing small ____48____ t waters where the bacteria live, which can lead t serius skin infectins.
Warming sea temperatures aren’t the nly reasns behind the rise f Vibri vulnificus. Htter air als draws mre peple t the casts and bays, bringing them int clser cntact with the bacteria.
“The bacteria are part f the natural marine envirnment, s I dn’t think we can ____49____ it frm the envirnment,” says Archer. “It’s mre abut mitigating infectins by increasing ___50____ f the risk.”
T alert peple t the grwing threat, ___51____ systems are needed t track when cncentratins f bacteria start t rise, similar t currently available pllen and pllutin alarm.
Vbri vulnificus is s ___52____ t temperature changes that cncentratins culd blm after even a day f warmer water, s cnsistent mnitring and alerts are critical, says Iain Lake, prfessr f envirnmental epidemilgy at University f East Anglia and senir authr f the paper.
Lake says the expansin f Vibri vulnificus is cncerning fr public health since the bacteria are nw invading waters clser t heavily ____54____ areas, such as New Yrk and Philadelphia. “Everyne can get a Vibri vulnificus infectin,” he says. “But the mre ____54____ there is between warmer waters and peple, the mre the bacteria can mve int ppulatins ____55___ the elderly and thse with ther health cnditins, wh are mre vulnerable t infectins.”
41. A. Even ifB. Except whenC. The instantD. In case
42. A. numbersB. rangesC. cveragesD. cncentratins
43. A. failureB. fatalityC. survivalD. acid
44. A. rangingB. varyingC. expandingD. shifting
44. A. distributinB. launchC. cmmunityD. sample
46. A. principleB. leadC. principalD. hit
47. A. bstB. accelerateC. cntainD. remve
48. A. harmsB. damagesC. injuriesD. wunds
49. A. relieveB. disslveC. reslveD. erase
50. A. cnscienceB. awarenessC. panicD. alert
51. A. mnitringB. prcessingC. managingD. delivering
52. A. sensibleB. vitalC. vulnerableD. sensitive
54. A. ppulatedB. denseC. paralleledD. brdered
54. A. reactinB. interactinC. interventinD. relativity
55. A. rather thanB. except frC. such asD. ther than
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing tw passage. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
At 14, Fraser Dherty was busy making jam after his grandparents taught him a family recipe. He started selling jars f his jam dr t dr near his parents’ hme in Edinburgh. As interest grew, his hbby stated t turn int a business. He nw makes 40,000 jars f jam a mnth and is well n his way t making his first millin.
Dherty, wh has been chsen t represent Britain in the Glbal Students Entrepreneurs Awards in Chicag next mnth, said there are several advantages t having started yung: “As a yung persn yu have a different view f the wrld. Yu have a naivety and an ptimism and are willing t give things a sht. The dwnside fr me isn’t particularly scary. I dn’t have a mrtgage r kids t wrry abut s I didn’t have a huge amunt t lse if my idea had nt wrked.”
Duncan Cheatle, funder f The Supper Club, a frum fr established entrepreneurs in Lndn, agreed that becming an entrepreneur at a yung age has a lt t recmmend it.
“Fr yung peple there is n cncept f thinking utside the bx because there isn’t a bx. There is capacity in yung peple t see things in a different way that lder peple lse. And ften nt being an expert in smething can be helpful because if yu dn’t understand why smething wrks in a certain way yu will decide t d it differently.”
Emma Jnes, funder f Enterprise Natin, the hme business website, said that yung peple were much mre cnfident abut using technlgy as a base fr their business than the lder generatin. “Whle sectrs that didn’t exist ten years ag are cming up nw because yung entrepreneurs are challenging all previus rules and saying technlgy means that we can d things like this. They have an pen capacity t think f new ideas and as a result they are starting very interesting businesses.”
56. Accrding t Dherty, is the cmpetitive edge f yung peple starting business cmpared with the lder generatin?
A. ignrance f the reality B. naïve pursuit f a hbby
C. readiness t try things ut D. parents shuldering the financial burden
57. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means yung peple .
A. are reluctant t bey the existing rules
B. are nt bund by established ways f ding things
C. have superir ideas t thse f the lder generatin
D. will nt fall int traps that ld peple set up fr them
58. Which f the fllwing statements will Emma Jnes mst likely agree with?
A. Abandning all previus rules is a must t establish new sectrs.
B. As peple grw lder, they are less able t take a fresh apprach.
C. Thse lacking cnfidence are less able t start creative businesses.
D. The use f technlgy cntributes t the creatin f new businesses.
59. The purpse f this passage is t .
A. infrm readers f success stries f yung entrepreneurs
B. intrduce pinins n the advantages f being yung entrepreneurs
C. cnvince yung peple t fllw the trend and start their wn businesses
D. prvide specific guidance n hw t becme successful yung entrepreneurs

(B)
Hw t make a resume?
1. Frmat yur text.
The first thing that a pssible emplyer will see n yur resume is the text. Fr that reasns, it is very imprtant that yu make the right first impressin. Chse a prfessinal fnt in size 11 r 12. Times New Rman is the classic serif fnt（衬现字体）, while Arial and Calibria are tw f the better chices fr sans-serif（无衬线字体）. Even thugh sans serif fnts are mre ppular fr resume, Yah cites Helvetica as the best fnt t use fr yur resume.
Many individuals find that Times New Rman is a little hard t read n a screen. If yu are emailing yur resume, cnsider using Gergia instead fr a mre readable serif fnt.
Yu can use multiple fnts fr different parts f yur resume, but try t limit it t tw. Instead f changing between fnts, try embldening r italicizing specific selectins f text instead.
The fnt size fr yur header and the intrductin t a sectin may 14 r 16, but therwise, yu shuld chse 11 r 12.
Yur text shuld always be printed in slid black ink. Make sure t deactivate any hyperlinks (like t yur email, address, and phne number) s that they dn't print in blue r anther nn-black clr.
2. Set up the page.
Yur page shuld have ne-inch margins all the way arund with 1.5 r 2 pint line spacing. The bdy f yur resume will be aligned t the left and yur header shuld be centered at the tp f yur page.
3. Create yur heading.
This is the sectin at the tp f yur resume which gives yur cntact infrmatin including yur name, address, email, and phne number. Yur name shuld be in a slightly larger size - either 14 r 16 pint fnt. List yur hme and cell phne numbers.
4. Decide n a layut.
There are three general frmats fr creating a resume: chrnlgical, functinal, r cmbinatin. Yur wrk histry and the type f jb yu are applying fr will determine the layut style yu shuld use.
Chrnlgical resumes are used fr shwing a steady grwth in a particular career field. These are best used fr smene applying fr a jb within their career-path t shw an increase f respnsibility ver time.
Functinal resumes are fcused n skills and experience rather than jb histry. There are best used fr smene wh may have hles in their wrk histry r wh have gained experience frm being self-emplyed fr a time.
Cmbinatin resumes are, as it sunds, a cmbinatin f bth a chrnlgical and a functinal resume. These are used t shw ff specific skills and hw they were acquired. If yu have develped a specific skill set frm wrking in a variety f related fields, then this is the best resume ptin fr yu.
60. Which fnt des the authr suggest cnsidering the readability f the resume when checked nline?
A. Gergia. B. Times New Rman. C. Calibri. D. Helvetica.
61. What is the clsest explanatin f the wrd "chrnlgical"?
A. arranged accrding t hw imprtant each item is
B. arranged accrding t when things happened r were made
C. be specific and cncrete in the intrductin f smething
D. state varius items in a detailed and separate way
62. Which statement is true accrding t the passage?
A. The mre clrful yur resume is, the mre appealing it will be.
B. There is n need t tell emplyers where yu btain yur specific skills.
C. Yur name shuld be a little bit larger in size, aligned t the left.
D. Blue r ther strange clrs will appear n yur printed resume if hyperlinks are activated.
(C)
Thanks t in-depth reprting by the Wall Street Jurnal, we nw knw that Facebk has lng been aware its prduct Instagram has harmful effects n the mental health f many adlescent users. Yung girls, in particular, struggle with their bdy image thanks t a cnstant stream f phts and vides shwing beautiful bdies that users dn't think they can attain.
While the infrmatin the Jurnal cvered is essential and instructive, it des nt tell the whle stry. Deep dwn, this is nt an Instagram prblem; it's a peple prblem. Understanding that distinctin can make the difference between a failed attempt t cntain a teen's interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying prblem leading t mental distress induced（诱发）by Instagram.
Critics were quick t shame Facebk fr sitting n the data and nt releasing it t researchers r academics wh asked fr it. Others criticize the scial media giant fr nt using the research t create a safer experience fr its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.
While I'm reluctant t defend Facebk, I'm nt sure it's reasnable t blame the cmpany fr withhlding data that wuld hurt its business. Have yu ever binge-watched（狂看）a Netflix series? I assure yu it wasn't a healthy endeavr. Yu were in active, likely did nthing prductive, mindlessly snacked and didn't g utside fr fresh air. It is an bjectively harmful use f time t stare at a TV r laptp fr a full weekend. Shuld we respnd by shaming Netflix fr nt alerting us t hw damaging an addictive prduct can be?
While it's reasnable t say Instagram makes esteem issues wrse, it strains credulity（夸张到难以置信）t believe it causes them in the first place. Yu create yur wn experiences n scial media. Fr the mst part, yu chse which accunts t fllw and engage. If yu're already vulnerable t insecurities and self-sabtage（自损）-- as many teens are -- yu will find accunts t bsess ver. And this isn't a new phenmenn.
Befre scial media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, mvies r televisin shws depicting difficult-t-attain bdies, there has been a relatively steady chrus（异口同声）f experts nthing the damage new media culd cause yung viewers.
Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause -- ne that's independent f scial media use. Instagram merely enhances thse feelings because it prvides infinitely mre access t triggers than lder frms f media. It's mre wrthwhile t address thse underlying factrs rather than t attack Facebk.
63. The authr thinks the criticisms against Instagram _________.
A. are successful attempts t change teens' interest in addictive apps
B. address the Instagram-induced mental pain
C. are nly based n the data released by Facebk
D. are nt directed at the fundamental prblem
64. Netflix is mentined t _________.
A. cmpare the criticisms against it and Facebk
B. defend why Facebk is t blame
C. suggest the critics' remarks are nt t pint
D. shw Netflix des mre harm t teens
65. The Instagram prblem is essentially a "peple prblem" in that _________.
A. it is human nature t get addicted t scial media
B. users decide n their experiences n scial media
C. peple have a tendency t feel insecure nline
D. peple are keen n fabricating their self-prfile
66. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. the unprecedented criticism facing Facebk
B. the alarming nline habits f teenagers wrldwide
C. the rt cause f Instagram-induced mental strains
D. the harmful impact f Instagram n teenagers
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Gut（痛风）: The Disease f Kings
Gut, nce the disease f geniuses, cnquerrs and kings, nw is affecting the masses. But cmes at night, first as a fevered dream, then pain in darkness, the bdy turned rude animals (67) ___________ S strng is the sensitivity f this swllen big tn that the faintest ftstep f a sympathetic visitr is a gunsht straight t the nerve. It will nt help, at such as mment, t recall that Alexander the Great, Lenard da Vinci, Isaac Newtn reprtedly suffered.
(68) ___________ In the wrds f the 17th -century French pet, Gut falls nt a pr man and then, hrrified by her hst's ceaseless labr, did nthing in a building. Surely it's a time f a less enlightened, mre hierarchical（等级制的）age. We can laugh at frm the safe distance f the present day. But the American critic Susan Sntag warned us against illness as myth. Gut is nt a punishment, certainly nt an embarrassment and, it is highly curable, if gd treatment is fllwed. And the disease has nt been limited t the past. (69) ___________ Frm the 1960s t the 1990s, the number f sufferers dubled in the United States, and that's cntinued t rise.
It is tempting t see gut as an annying angel and cme t punish greed. Mentining the rmantic aspect f tuberculsis（肺结核）in the 19th century, Sntag argued that gut was cntrary t tubercular. The gut-ridden were guilty f eating t much, while thse dying f tubercular were themselves cnsumed frm the inside. During that perid, turning thinner frm tubercular was taken as a sign f elegance, with pets cnsidered unreliable if they weighed mre than a hundred punds, and s "it became rude t eat heartily". Sntag als highlighted a strange scial phenmenn. (70) ___________ Great men "grew fat, wrte nvels and cnquered cntinents."
IV. Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
71. Mindfulness
Mindfulness typically refers t a state f in-the-mment awareness in which ne avids judging the thughts and emtins f himself and thers. It is ften practiced in meditatin（冥想）and sme frms f therapy.
Numerus findings frm psychlgical research suggest practicing mindfulness can lead t many benefits, including stress reductin and increased psychlgical well-being. Fr example, in a study f cancer patients, cultivating mindfulness thrugh meditatin r ther mindfulness-based training enabled peple t be mre selective abut their emtinal experiences, enabling them t reduce their stress and anxiety while increasing psitive emtins. Similarly, studies shw that mindfulness can als enhance infrmatin prcessing speed while reducing effrt and negative thughts and the meditatrs significantly utperfrmed the nn-meditatrs n all measures f attentin, suggestin that mindfulness imprves ne's ability t fcus.
It is apparent that mindfulness has many ntewrthy benefits, which include everything, frm psychlgical t physical imprvements. Hwever, research has als shwn that in sme cases mindfulness can als lead t negative utcmes. Fr example, ne study fund that fllwing mindfulness meditatin, participants were mre likely t frm take memries, demnstrating a ptential unintended dwnside t mindfulness. In additin, anther study suggested mindfulness researchers needed t be careful that they didn't learn participants by bringing abut unpleasant mental, physical, r spiritual reactins thrugh mindfulness. Fr example, mindfulness meditatin may result in severe anxiety fr thse diagnsed with Pst-traumatic Stress Disrder (PTSD)（创伤后应激障碍）. Thse with PTSD tend t avid thughts and feelings related t their trauma. Hwever, mindfulness meditatin encurages emtinal penness, which culd lead individuals with PTSD t experience the stressrs that they previusly avided, ptentially leading t re-traumatizatin.
It can't be denied that mindfulness is an imprtant tl in the managerial tlbx, but it is nt a cure-all, and it must be applied thughtfully t be effective.
V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
72. 艺术品应该以人们能够承受的价格面向更多的人出售。（available，affrd）
73.看到千姿百态的剪纸作品，我不禁赞叹中国文化的博大精深。（the mment）
74．经过三个月的翻新，报告厅配备了一流的视听设备，焕然一新。(take n) （汉译英）
75. 王美美对她的外貌非常挑剔，尽管家人反对，但她执着地要去做整容手术，甚至说服朋友和她一起去，。（despite，persist）
21. are expected 22. invlved 23. ught t 24. If 25. Respecting
26. t d 27. where 28. when 29. everything 30. between
31. I 32. A 33. E 34. G 35. D 36. C 37. K 38. H 39. J 40. F
41. C 42. B 43. B 44. C 44. A 46. C 47. D 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. D 54. B 54. B 55. C
56-59 CBDB
60-62 ABD
63 - 66 DCBC
67~70DECF
Mindfulness means being in the present mind state withut assessing neself r thers. Many findings suggest practicing mindfulness has many benefits, including stress reductin and increased attentin. Despite these benefits, mindfulness can cme at a cst because it may frm false memries and hurt participants by magnifying negative memries. Therefre it shuld be used carefully. （55 wrds）
72. The art shuld be available t mre peple at prices they can affrd.
73. The mment I saw the varius frms and styles f paper-cutting wrks, I culdn’t help admiring/but admire the vastness and prfundness f Chinese culture.
74. After the three-mnth restratin/renvatin/update, the lecture hall/auditrium is equipped with/has been equipped with the tp-class visual and audi equipment/facilities, taking n a new lk.
75. Wang Meimei is very particular abut her appearance, s despite the ppsitin frm her family, she persisted in ging fr csmetic surgery and even cnvinced friends t g with her .A. maximize B. subsequent C. ptential D. persnalize E. misrepresented
F. limited G. marketing H. predictive I. cmmercial J. speed K. absence
A. If yu are a gut sufferer, yu are nt alne.
B. N ne knws what's behind the phenmenn.
C. Nr is it any lnger exclusive t rich white men.
D. The ft is red and swllen, punding like a heart.
E. We might dismiss gut as a ghst frm a fable, which it was.
F. The tubercular's hllw cheeks were cnsidered desirable lk fr wmen.