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2023-2024学年北京市大兴区精华学校高三上学期12月月考英语试卷含答案
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这是一份2023-2024学年北京市大兴区精华学校高三上学期12月月考英语试卷含答案，文件包含高三英语-北京精华学校2023年12月月考试卷docx、高三英语答案-北京精华学校2023年12月月考docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共9页， 欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共7页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A Very Special Special Olympian
I am thankful t this day that I signed up vlunteering in this Special Olympics event. If I had missed the event, I wuld have missed ne f the mst unfrgettable mments that I have ever 1 .
Standing at the finish line, I was able t witness many amazing effrts and clse races. I was mst impressed by the effrt each athlete put int his r her event. What als impressed me was the sincere 2 each athlete expressed while participating thugh smetimes the jy f participating in a sprting event can get 3 in the fierce cmpetitin f winning and lsing.
Then an amazing mment happened right befre my eyes. A grup f athletes were 4 up t run a shrt race. One f them was in a wheelchair, a little girl with a 5 smile. The gun sunded. They were ff. Runners sped up in the track with all their might. There she was, pumping her arms with all the 6 she had. Her effrts were getting little result, but that did nt stp her. I nticed as she gt clser that she als had an injured arm. But that did nt stp this bright star. The race was lng ver 7 the yung athlete kept pumping her arms. As she finally 8 the finish line, the nise f the crwd was thunderus. There I std cheering, with tears falling dwn my cheeks.
After all these years, I can still hear thse cheers. I grew up a lt that day because f the 9 f that little girl in the wheelchair. I was 10 that day f a pem frm a bk that states, “Whatever yu d, d it with all yur might.”
1. A. ignredB. cntrlledC witnessedD. imagined
2. A. jyB. beliefC. trust D cnfidence
3. A. stuckB. increasedC respectedD. lst
4. A mixedB. calledC. linedD. piled
5. A. hugeB. narrwC. weakD hard
6. A. desiresB. curageC energyD. dreams
7. A butB. andC. rD. s
8. A. feltB. nearedC. tkD. raised
9. A. hnestyB braveryC. ppularityD. creativity
10. A warnedB. persuadedC. infrmedD. reminded
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Thmas Gainsbrugh was an 18th-century English painter. One f his wrks, ____11____(title) A Prtrait f a Yung Gentleman, is finally returning t England after 100 years. It will be shwing at the Natinal Gallery in Lndn frm January t March 2022. Painted in apprximately 1770, the painting was nicknamed The Blue By because it shws a yung by ____12____ (wear) a striking blue utfit. ____13____ the majr newspapers at the time said is that the painting was “the wrld’s mst beautiful picture”.
B
I have ften thught it wuld be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf fr a few days at sme time during his early adult life.____14____ (dark) wuld make him mre appreciatively f sight; silence wuld teach him the jys f sund. I wh am blind can give ne hint t thse ____15____ see: Use yur eyes as if tmrrw yu wuld be stricken blind. And the same methd can ____16____ (apply) t the ther senses. But f all the senses, I am sure that sight must be the mst delightful.
C
Glbalizatin is the cnnectin f different parts f the wrld. The prcess f glbalizatin is very cntrversial. Many peple say glbalizatin will help peple cmmunicate. Aid agencies can respnd mre quickly ____17____a natural disaster. Advanced medicines are mre easily and widely available t peple wh may nt have been able t affrd them. Glbalizatin ____18____ (increase) the number f students studying abrad ver the past few years. ____19____sme peple wrry that Western culture will destry lcal cultures arund the wrld. What they fear is that everyne will end up ____20____ (eat) hamburgers and pizza.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Hney frm the African frest is nt nly a kind f natural sugar, it is als delicius. Mst peple, and many animals, like eating it. Hwever, the nly way fr them t get that hney is t find a wild bees’ nest and take the hney frm it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult t find them. In parts f Africa, thugh, peple and animals lking fr hney have a strange and unexpected helper---a little bird called a hney guide.
The hney guide des nt actually like hney, but it des like the wax in the beehives. The little bird cannt reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. S, when it finds a suitable nest, it lks fr smene t help it. The hney guide gives a lud cry that attracts the attentin f bth passing animals and peple. Once it has their attentin, it flies thrugh the frest, waiting frm time t time fr the curius animal r persn as it leads them t the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the fllwer reaches in t get at the delicius hney as the bird patiently waits and watches. Sme f the hney, and the wax, always falls t the grund, and this is when the hney guide takes its share.
Scientists d nt knw why the hney guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its effrts t get it. The birds seem t be able t smell wax frm a lng distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking hney frm his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
21.What d the wrds “the fllwer” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A bee. B. A bird. C. A hney seeker. D. A beekeeper.
22.The hney guide is special in the way ___________.
A.it gets its fd. B. it ges t church
C. it sings in the frest D. it reaches int bees’ nest
23.What can be the best title fr the text?
Wild Bees B. Wax and hney C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Hney Lver’s Helper
B.
Grwn-ups are ften surprised by hw well they remember smething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man wh has nt had a chance t g swimming fr years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get n a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his sn. A mther wh has nt thught abut the wrds fr years can teach her daughter the pem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star" r remember the stry f Cinderella r Gldilcks and the Three Bears.
One explanatin is the law f verlearning, which can be stated as fllws: Once we have learned smething, additinal learning trials increase the length f time we will remember it.
In childhd we usually cntinue t practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them. We cntinue t listen t and remind urselves f wrds such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhd tales such as Cinderella and Gldilcks. We nt nly learn but verlearn.
The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表)are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
The law f verlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)fr an examinatin , thugh it may result in a passing grade, is nt satisfactry way t learn a cllege curse. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enugh t get by n the examinatin, but he is likely sn fr frget almst everything he learned. A little verlearning, n the ther hand, is really necessary fr ne’s future develpment.
24.What is the main idea f Paragraph 1?
Peple remember well what they learned in childhd.
Children have a better memry than grwn-ups.
Pem reading is a gd way t lean wrds.
Stries fr children are easy t remember.
25.The authr explains the law f verlearning by ___________.
A. presenting research findings B. setting dwn general rules
C. making a cmparisn D. using examples
26.Accrding t the authr, being able t use multiplicatin table is _________.
A. a result f verlearning B. a special case f cramming
C. a skill t deal with math prblem D. a basic step twards advanced studies
27.What is the authr’s pinin n cramming?
It leads t failure in cllege exams.
It’s helpful nly in a limited way.
It’s pssible t result in pr memry.
It increases students’ learning interest.
C
Measles(麻疹)，which nce killed 1450 children each year and disabled even mre , was nearly wiped ut in the United States 14 years ag by the universal use f the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a cmeback, caused by a grwing anti-vaccine mvement and misinfrmatin that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reprted in the USA, cmpared with 189 fr all f last year.
The numbers might sund small, but they are the leading edge f a dangerus trend. When vaccinatin rates are very high, as they still are in the natin as a whle, everyne is prtected. This is called "herd immunity", which prtects the peple wh get hurt easily, including thse wh can't be vaccinated fr medical reasns, babies t yung t get vaccinated and peple n whm the vaccine desn't wrk.
But herd immunity wrks nly when nearly the whle herd jins in. When sme refuse vaccinatin and seek a free ride, immunity breaks dwn and everyne is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighbrhds arund the cuntry frm Orange Cunty, Califrnia, where 22 measles cases were reprted this mnth, t Brklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-ld caused an utbreak last year.
The resistance t vaccine has cntinued fr decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Thse wh re- fuse t take that risk selfishly make thers suffer.
Making things wrse are state laws that make it t easy t pt ut(决定不参加)f what are suppsed t be required vaccines fr all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allw parents t get an exemptin (豁免), smetimes just by signing a paper saying they persnally bject t a vaccine.
Nw, several states are mving t tighten laws by adding new regulatins fr pting ut. But n ne des enugh t limit exemptins.
Parents ught t be able t pt ut nly fr limited medical r religius reasns. But persnal pinins? Nt gd enugh. Everyne enjys the life-saving benefits vaccines prvide, but they'll exist nly as lng as everyne shares in the risks.
The first tw paragraphs suggest that___________.
a small number f measles cases can start a dangerus trend
the utbreak f measles attracts the public attentin
anti-vaccine mvement has its medical reasns
infrmatin abut measles spreads quickly
Herd immunity wrks well when ____________.
A. exemptins are allwed B. several vaccines are used tgether
C. the whle neighbrhd invlved in D. new regulatins are added t the state laws
30. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T intrduce the idea f exemptin.
B. T discuss methds t cure measles.
C. T stress the imprtance f vaccinatin.
D. T appeal fr equal rights in medical treatment.
D.
Hllywd's thery that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies f killer rbts is just silly. The real prblem relates t the pssibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may becme extremely gd at achieving smething ther than what we really want. In 1960 a well-knwn mathematician Nrbert Wiener, wh funded the field f cybernetics(控制论)，put it this way: “If we use, t achieve ur purpses, a mechanical agency with whse peratin we cannt effectively interfere(干预)，we had better be quite sure that the purpse put int the machine is the purpse which we really desire."
A machine with a specific purpse has anther quality, ne that we usually assciate with living things: a wish t preserve its wn existence. Fr the machine, this quality is nt in-brn, nr is it smething intrduced by humans; it is a lgical cnsequence f the simple fact that the machine cannt achieve its riginal purpse if it is dead. S, if we send ut a rbt with the single instructin f fetching cffee, it will have a strng desire t secure success by disabling its wn ff switch r even killing anyne wh might interfere with its task. If we are nt careful, then, we culd face a kind f glbal chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whse bjectives cnflict with ur wn, with the real wrld as the chessbard.
The pssibility f entering int and lsing such a match shuld cncentrate the minds f cmputer scientists. Sme researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind f firewall, using them t answer difficult questins but never allwing them t affect the real wrld. Unfrtunately, that plan seems unlikely t wrk: we have yet t invent a firewall that is secure against rdinary humans, let alne super intelligent machines.
Slving the safety prblem well enugh t mve frward in Al seems t be pssible but nt easy. There are prbably decades in which t plan fr the arrival f super intelligent machines. But the prblem shuld nt be dismissed ut f hand, as it has been by sme Al researchers. Sme argue that humans and machines can cexist as lng as they wrk in teams--yet that is nt pssible unless machines share the gals f humans. Others say we can just "switch them ff" as if super intelligent machines are t stupid t think f that pssibility. Still thers think that super intelligent Al will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famus physicist Ernest Rutherfrd stated, with cnfidence, “Anyne wh expect a surce f pwer in the transfrmatin f these atms is talking mnshine." Hwever, n September 12, 1933, physicist Le Szilard invented the neutrn-induced(中子诱导)nuclear chain reactin.
Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may____________.
A. run ut f human cntrl B. satisfy human's real desires
C. cmmand armies f killer rbts D. wrk faster than a mathematician
32. Machines with specific purpses are assciated with living things partly because they might be able t ____________.
A. prevent themselves frm being destryed
B. achieve their riginal gals independently
C. d anything successfully with given rders
D. beat humans in internatinal chess matches
33. Accrding t sme researchers, we can use firewalls t ____________.
A. help super intelligent machines wrk better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines frm being harmed
D. avid rbts’ affecting the wrld
34. What des the authr think f the safety prblem f super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the develpment f AI.
B. It will get wrse with human interference.
C. It will be slved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay fr a decade.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reasn fr this has remained fggy. When lab rats are nt allwed t sleep, they die within a mnth. _______35_______.
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memries. _______36_______ We knw that, while awake, fresh memries are recrded by reinfrcing(加强) cnnectins between brain cells, but the memry prcesses that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Supprt is grwing fr a thery that sleep evlved s that cnnectins between neurns(神经元) in the brain can be weakened vernight, making rm fr fresh memries t frm the next day. ______37______
Nw we have the mst direct evidence yet that he is right. ______38______ The synapses in the mice taken at the end f a perid f sleep were 18 percent smaller than thse taken befre sleep, shwing that the cnnectins between neurns weaken while sleeping.
If Tnni’s thery is right, it wuld explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day t cncentrate and learn new infrmatin---ur brains may have smaller rm fr new experiences.
Their research als suggests hw we may build lasting memries ver time even thugh the synapses becme thinner. The team discvered that sme synapses seem t be prtected and stayed the same size. ______39______ “Yu keep what matters.” Tnni says.
A. We shuld als try t sleep well the night befre.
It’s as if the brain is preserving its mst imprtant memries.
Similarly, when peple g fr a few days withut sleeping, they get sick.
The prcesses take place t stp ur brains becming laded with memries.
That’s why students d better in tests if they get a chance t sleep after learning.
“Sleep is the price we pay fr learning,” says Giuli Tnni, wh develped the idea.
Tnni’s team measured the size f these cnnectins, r synapses, in the brains f 12 mice.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Strengthening Yur Cre
If there’s ne indicatin that smene is fit, it’s a tight and lean stmach. Men and wmen alike hpe that eating right and putting in hard wrk at the gym will earn them a perfect six pack. Unfrtunately, the ppsite is als true. The rising ppularity f fast fd has led t an increase in besity rates and waistlines arund the glbe. If smene is ut f shape yu will ntice the extra kilgrams arund their midsectin. In bth cases, a persn’s cre muscles seem t tell a lt abut their fitness and eating habits.
Many peple assciate the cre with just the stmach area, but science actually defines it as ur bdy withut arms and legs. Althugh many peple want a slid cre t lk gd, the develpment f these muscles affects many areas f ur lives. In athletics and general life fr that matter, we all rely n ur cre muscles heavily t get things dne. Studies have shwn that athletes that build a pwerful cre fundatin aren’t injured as much. Meanwhile, the benefits fr rdinary peple may be even greater. They use their cre muscles fr nearly every task they d. This includes picking things up, sitting in a chair, r tying ur shes. Our cre muscles prvide stability, s we can keep ur balance and easily mve in any directin. If we neglect them, life can becme much mre difficult.
As a result, we shuld always cnsider ur cre muscles when designing ur wrkuts. Hwever, if yu’ve been inactive fr years, perfrming thusands f repetitins will prbably get yu injured. Instead, start ff slwly and gradually build up yur numbers. An excellent exercise fr bth beginners and advanced exercisers is the plank. Yu simply get in an extended pushup psitin as if yu have just finished a rep. Maintain this psitin, but place the weight n yur frearms instead f yur hand. Then, hld the psitin as lng as yu can. Yu shuld feel yur cre muscles wrking hard t help yur hands and supprt the weight f yur bdy. In the beginning yu may nly be able t hld it fr a few secnds but keep at it. The Guinness Wrld Recrd fr abdminal planking is three hurs and seven minutes!
40. What will earn peple a perfect six pack?
____________________________________________________________________________
41. What des a slid cre mean t athletes?
____________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
If yu haven’t dne exercises t build up yur cre fr years, yu shuld design yur wrkuts with mre repetitins t strengthen yur cre quickly.
____________________________________________________________________________
43. Hw d yu keep yur bdy in gd shape? Explain yur ways in detail.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。你校国际部将举办“英文戏剧节”活动，现招募英语主持人。请你给活动负责人写一封英文申请信，内容包括：
1.表达对活动的看法；
2.说明申请的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
本试卷共7页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A Very Special Special Olympian
I am thankful t this day that I signed up vlunteering in this Special Olympics event. If I had missed the event, I wuld have missed ne f the mst unfrgettable mments that I have ever 1 .
Standing at the finish line, I was able t witness many amazing effrts and clse races. I was mst impressed by the effrt each athlete put int his r her event. What als impressed me was the sincere 2 each athlete expressed while participating thugh smetimes the jy f participating in a sprting event can get 3 in the fierce cmpetitin f winning and lsing.
Then an amazing mment happened right befre my eyes. A grup f athletes were 4 up t run a shrt race. One f them was in a wheelchair, a little girl with a 5 smile. The gun sunded. They were ff. Runners sped up in the track with all their might. There she was, pumping her arms with all the 6 she had. Her effrts were getting little result, but that did nt stp her. I nticed as she gt clser that she als had an injured arm. But that did nt stp this bright star. The race was lng ver 7 the yung athlete kept pumping her arms. As she finally 8 the finish line, the nise f the crwd was thunderus. There I std cheering, with tears falling dwn my cheeks.
After all these years, I can still hear thse cheers. I grew up a lt that day because f the 9 f that little girl in the wheelchair. I was 10 that day f a pem frm a bk that states, “Whatever yu d, d it with all yur might.”
1. A. ignredB. cntrlledC witnessedD. imagined
2. A. jyB. beliefC. trust D cnfidence
3. A. stuckB. increasedC respectedD. lst
4. A mixedB. calledC. linedD. piled
5. A. hugeB. narrwC. weakD hard
6. A. desiresB. curageC energyD. dreams
7. A butB. andC. rD. s
8. A. feltB. nearedC. tkD. raised
9. A. hnestyB braveryC. ppularityD. creativity
10. A warnedB. persuadedC. infrmedD. reminded
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Thmas Gainsbrugh was an 18th-century English painter. One f his wrks, ____11____(title) A Prtrait f a Yung Gentleman, is finally returning t England after 100 years. It will be shwing at the Natinal Gallery in Lndn frm January t March 2022. Painted in apprximately 1770, the painting was nicknamed The Blue By because it shws a yung by ____12____ (wear) a striking blue utfit. ____13____ the majr newspapers at the time said is that the painting was “the wrld’s mst beautiful picture”.
B
I have ften thught it wuld be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf fr a few days at sme time during his early adult life.____14____ (dark) wuld make him mre appreciatively f sight; silence wuld teach him the jys f sund. I wh am blind can give ne hint t thse ____15____ see: Use yur eyes as if tmrrw yu wuld be stricken blind. And the same methd can ____16____ (apply) t the ther senses. But f all the senses, I am sure that sight must be the mst delightful.
C
Glbalizatin is the cnnectin f different parts f the wrld. The prcess f glbalizatin is very cntrversial. Many peple say glbalizatin will help peple cmmunicate. Aid agencies can respnd mre quickly ____17____a natural disaster. Advanced medicines are mre easily and widely available t peple wh may nt have been able t affrd them. Glbalizatin ____18____ (increase) the number f students studying abrad ver the past few years. ____19____sme peple wrry that Western culture will destry lcal cultures arund the wrld. What they fear is that everyne will end up ____20____ (eat) hamburgers and pizza.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Hney frm the African frest is nt nly a kind f natural sugar, it is als delicius. Mst peple, and many animals, like eating it. Hwever, the nly way fr them t get that hney is t find a wild bees’ nest and take the hney frm it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult t find them. In parts f Africa, thugh, peple and animals lking fr hney have a strange and unexpected helper---a little bird called a hney guide.
The hney guide des nt actually like hney, but it des like the wax in the beehives. The little bird cannt reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. S, when it finds a suitable nest, it lks fr smene t help it. The hney guide gives a lud cry that attracts the attentin f bth passing animals and peple. Once it has their attentin, it flies thrugh the frest, waiting frm time t time fr the curius animal r persn as it leads them t the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the fllwer reaches in t get at the delicius hney as the bird patiently waits and watches. Sme f the hney, and the wax, always falls t the grund, and this is when the hney guide takes its share.
Scientists d nt knw why the hney guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its effrts t get it. The birds seem t be able t smell wax frm a lng distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking hney frm his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
21.What d the wrds “the fllwer” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A bee. B. A bird. C. A hney seeker. D. A beekeeper.
22.The hney guide is special in the way ___________.
A.it gets its fd. B. it ges t church
C. it sings in the frest D. it reaches int bees’ nest
23.What can be the best title fr the text?
Wild Bees B. Wax and hney C. Beekeeping in Africa D. Hney Lver’s Helper
B.
Grwn-ups are ften surprised by hw well they remember smething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man wh has nt had a chance t g swimming fr years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get n a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his sn. A mther wh has nt thught abut the wrds fr years can teach her daughter the pem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star" r remember the stry f Cinderella r Gldilcks and the Three Bears.
One explanatin is the law f verlearning, which can be stated as fllws: Once we have learned smething, additinal learning trials increase the length f time we will remember it.
In childhd we usually cntinue t practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them. We cntinue t listen t and remind urselves f wrds such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhd tales such as Cinderella and Gldilcks. We nt nly learn but verlearn.
The multiplicatin tables(乘法口诀表)are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
The law f verlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)fr an examinatin , thugh it may result in a passing grade, is nt satisfactry way t learn a cllege curse. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enugh t get by n the examinatin, but he is likely sn fr frget almst everything he learned. A little verlearning, n the ther hand, is really necessary fr ne’s future develpment.
24.What is the main idea f Paragraph 1?
Peple remember well what they learned in childhd.
Children have a better memry than grwn-ups.
Pem reading is a gd way t lean wrds.
Stries fr children are easy t remember.
25.The authr explains the law f verlearning by ___________.
A. presenting research findings B. setting dwn general rules
C. making a cmparisn D. using examples
26.Accrding t the authr, being able t use multiplicatin table is _________.
A. a result f verlearning B. a special case f cramming
C. a skill t deal with math prblem D. a basic step twards advanced studies
27.What is the authr’s pinin n cramming?
It leads t failure in cllege exams.
It’s helpful nly in a limited way.
It’s pssible t result in pr memry.
It increases students’ learning interest.
C
Measles(麻疹)，which nce killed 1450 children each year and disabled even mre , was nearly wiped ut in the United States 14 years ag by the universal use f the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a cmeback, caused by a grwing anti-vaccine mvement and misinfrmatin that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reprted in the USA, cmpared with 189 fr all f last year.
The numbers might sund small, but they are the leading edge f a dangerus trend. When vaccinatin rates are very high, as they still are in the natin as a whle, everyne is prtected. This is called "herd immunity", which prtects the peple wh get hurt easily, including thse wh can't be vaccinated fr medical reasns, babies t yung t get vaccinated and peple n whm the vaccine desn't wrk.
But herd immunity wrks nly when nearly the whle herd jins in. When sme refuse vaccinatin and seek a free ride, immunity breaks dwn and everyne is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighbrhds arund the cuntry frm Orange Cunty, Califrnia, where 22 measles cases were reprted this mnth, t Brklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-ld caused an utbreak last year.
The resistance t vaccine has cntinued fr decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Thse wh re- fuse t take that risk selfishly make thers suffer.
Making things wrse are state laws that make it t easy t pt ut(决定不参加)f what are suppsed t be required vaccines fr all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allw parents t get an exemptin (豁免), smetimes just by signing a paper saying they persnally bject t a vaccine.
Nw, several states are mving t tighten laws by adding new regulatins fr pting ut. But n ne des enugh t limit exemptins.
Parents ught t be able t pt ut nly fr limited medical r religius reasns. But persnal pinins? Nt gd enugh. Everyne enjys the life-saving benefits vaccines prvide, but they'll exist nly as lng as everyne shares in the risks.
The first tw paragraphs suggest that___________.
a small number f measles cases can start a dangerus trend
the utbreak f measles attracts the public attentin
anti-vaccine mvement has its medical reasns
infrmatin abut measles spreads quickly
Herd immunity wrks well when ____________.
A. exemptins are allwed B. several vaccines are used tgether
C. the whle neighbrhd invlved in D. new regulatins are added t the state laws
30. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T intrduce the idea f exemptin.
B. T discuss methds t cure measles.
C. T stress the imprtance f vaccinatin.
D. T appeal fr equal rights in medical treatment.
D.
Hllywd's thery that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies f killer rbts is just silly. The real prblem relates t the pssibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may becme extremely gd at achieving smething ther than what we really want. In 1960 a well-knwn mathematician Nrbert Wiener, wh funded the field f cybernetics(控制论)，put it this way: “If we use, t achieve ur purpses, a mechanical agency with whse peratin we cannt effectively interfere(干预)，we had better be quite sure that the purpse put int the machine is the purpse which we really desire."
A machine with a specific purpse has anther quality, ne that we usually assciate with living things: a wish t preserve its wn existence. Fr the machine, this quality is nt in-brn, nr is it smething intrduced by humans; it is a lgical cnsequence f the simple fact that the machine cannt achieve its riginal purpse if it is dead. S, if we send ut a rbt with the single instructin f fetching cffee, it will have a strng desire t secure success by disabling its wn ff switch r even killing anyne wh might interfere with its task. If we are nt careful, then, we culd face a kind f glbal chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whse bjectives cnflict with ur wn, with the real wrld as the chessbard.
The pssibility f entering int and lsing such a match shuld cncentrate the minds f cmputer scientists. Sme researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind f firewall, using them t answer difficult questins but never allwing them t affect the real wrld. Unfrtunately, that plan seems unlikely t wrk: we have yet t invent a firewall that is secure against rdinary humans, let alne super intelligent machines.
Slving the safety prblem well enugh t mve frward in Al seems t be pssible but nt easy. There are prbably decades in which t plan fr the arrival f super intelligent machines. But the prblem shuld nt be dismissed ut f hand, as it has been by sme Al researchers. Sme argue that humans and machines can cexist as lng as they wrk in teams--yet that is nt pssible unless machines share the gals f humans. Others say we can just "switch them ff" as if super intelligent machines are t stupid t think f that pssibility. Still thers think that super intelligent Al will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famus physicist Ernest Rutherfrd stated, with cnfidence, “Anyne wh expect a surce f pwer in the transfrmatin f these atms is talking mnshine." Hwever, n September 12, 1933, physicist Le Szilard invented the neutrn-induced(中子诱导)nuclear chain reactin.
Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may____________.
A. run ut f human cntrl B. satisfy human's real desires
C. cmmand armies f killer rbts D. wrk faster than a mathematician
32. Machines with specific purpses are assciated with living things partly because they might be able t ____________.
A. prevent themselves frm being destryed
B. achieve their riginal gals independently
C. d anything successfully with given rders
D. beat humans in internatinal chess matches
33. Accrding t sme researchers, we can use firewalls t ____________.
A. help super intelligent machines wrk better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines frm being harmed
D. avid rbts’ affecting the wrld
34. What des the authr think f the safety prblem f super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the develpment f AI.
B. It will get wrse with human interference.
C. It will be slved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay fr a decade.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reasn fr this has remained fggy. When lab rats are nt allwed t sleep, they die within a mnth. _______35_______.
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memries. _______36_______ We knw that, while awake, fresh memries are recrded by reinfrcing(加强) cnnectins between brain cells, but the memry prcesses that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Supprt is grwing fr a thery that sleep evlved s that cnnectins between neurns(神经元) in the brain can be weakened vernight, making rm fr fresh memries t frm the next day. ______37______
Nw we have the mst direct evidence yet that he is right. ______38______ The synapses in the mice taken at the end f a perid f sleep were 18 percent smaller than thse taken befre sleep, shwing that the cnnectins between neurns weaken while sleeping.
If Tnni’s thery is right, it wuld explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day t cncentrate and learn new infrmatin---ur brains may have smaller rm fr new experiences.
Their research als suggests hw we may build lasting memries ver time even thugh the synapses becme thinner. The team discvered that sme synapses seem t be prtected and stayed the same size. ______39______ “Yu keep what matters.” Tnni says.
A. We shuld als try t sleep well the night befre.
It’s as if the brain is preserving its mst imprtant memries.
Similarly, when peple g fr a few days withut sleeping, they get sick.
The prcesses take place t stp ur brains becming laded with memries.
That’s why students d better in tests if they get a chance t sleep after learning.
“Sleep is the price we pay fr learning,” says Giuli Tnni, wh develped the idea.
Tnni’s team measured the size f these cnnectins, r synapses, in the brains f 12 mice.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Strengthening Yur Cre
If there’s ne indicatin that smene is fit, it’s a tight and lean stmach. Men and wmen alike hpe that eating right and putting in hard wrk at the gym will earn them a perfect six pack. Unfrtunately, the ppsite is als true. The rising ppularity f fast fd has led t an increase in besity rates and waistlines arund the glbe. If smene is ut f shape yu will ntice the extra kilgrams arund their midsectin. In bth cases, a persn’s cre muscles seem t tell a lt abut their fitness and eating habits.
Many peple assciate the cre with just the stmach area, but science actually defines it as ur bdy withut arms and legs. Althugh many peple want a slid cre t lk gd, the develpment f these muscles affects many areas f ur lives. In athletics and general life fr that matter, we all rely n ur cre muscles heavily t get things dne. Studies have shwn that athletes that build a pwerful cre fundatin aren’t injured as much. Meanwhile, the benefits fr rdinary peple may be even greater. They use their cre muscles fr nearly every task they d. This includes picking things up, sitting in a chair, r tying ur shes. Our cre muscles prvide stability, s we can keep ur balance and easily mve in any directin. If we neglect them, life can becme much mre difficult.
As a result, we shuld always cnsider ur cre muscles when designing ur wrkuts. Hwever, if yu’ve been inactive fr years, perfrming thusands f repetitins will prbably get yu injured. Instead, start ff slwly and gradually build up yur numbers. An excellent exercise fr bth beginners and advanced exercisers is the plank. Yu simply get in an extended pushup psitin as if yu have just finished a rep. Maintain this psitin, but place the weight n yur frearms instead f yur hand. Then, hld the psitin as lng as yu can. Yu shuld feel yur cre muscles wrking hard t help yur hands and supprt the weight f yur bdy. In the beginning yu may nly be able t hld it fr a few secnds but keep at it. The Guinness Wrld Recrd fr abdminal planking is three hurs and seven minutes!
40. What will earn peple a perfect six pack?
____________________________________________________________________________
41. What des a slid cre mean t athletes?
____________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
If yu haven’t dne exercises t build up yur cre fr years, yu shuld design yur wrkuts with mre repetitins t strengthen yur cre quickly.
____________________________________________________________________________
43. Hw d yu keep yur bdy in gd shape? Explain yur ways in detail.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高二（1）班学生李华。你校国际部将举办“英文戏剧节”活动，现招募英语主持人。请你给活动负责人写一封英文申请信，内容包括：
1.表达对活动的看法；
2.说明申请的理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
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