中考英语专项复习第14讲主谓一致课件

这是一份中考英语专项复习第14讲主谓一致课件，共30页。PPT课件主要包含了文本信息，二 意义一致原则，点击此处输入文本信息，三 就近一致的原则，四 实 战 演 练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.理解掌握主谓一致的三个原则； 2.灵活使用主谓一致的原则。
学习目标
一 主 谓 一 致 英语中，主语和谓语要保持一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语人称和数的变化而变化叫主谓一致。 主谓一致必须遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
（1）语法一致原则主语和谓语通常从语法形式上保持一致， 即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也要用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语动词也要用复数形式。Jenny has made great prgress in Chinese since she came t China(Jenny 是单数作主语，因此谓语动词相应的用单数形式）The children are playing ftball ver there（the children 是复数名词作主语，谓语动词也要用复数形式)
①当主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等, 谓语动词用单数形式。Tea is mre ppular in China. The man under the tree is his father.He gets up at 7：00 every mrning. T read English alud is necessary fr a student. Ding eye exercises every day is gd fr yur eyes. What he said has been recrded. 【注意】what引导的主语从句其后面的谓语动词大多数情况下用单数形式，但如果what引导的主语从句表语是复数，或what 从句由两个（以上）的动词，或what从句
是表示复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What we badly need are dctrsWhat I say and think are nne f yur business
②主语是可数名词复数、复数代词，谓语动词用复数形式。Sme bys are playing ftball ver there.They have lived here fr 10 years
③由and连接的两个并列成分作主语，谓语通常用复数Mr Smith and Mrs Smith have a daughter called Mary.
and 连接的两个并列主语前由each，every，n等修饰时，谓语动词用单数N by and n girl was absent.Each by and each girl has gt a bk.Every man and every wman is at wrk.
④“bth f +名词/代词复数”， 表示“……两者都”谓语动词用复数式,连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数Bth he and I are ging t Beijing this weekend.Bth f his parents are dctrs
⑤当主语后面由as well as， alng with，including， with，tgether with，like，but，except，besides，mre than，n less than，rather than等单词和短语时，谓语动词不受这些短语和单词的影响，仍然与主语保持一致。The teacher，with all his students，is ging t have a picnic this weekendThe students，tgether with their teacher，are ging t have a picnic this weekendThe students as well as the teacher were there. Jack with his mther has been t China. Rss, like his father, enjys playing the pian.
⑥a lt f，lts f，mst f，any f，half f，sme f，the rest f，all f，plenty f,分数/百分数f等后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但后接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。A lt f mney in the shp was stlen yesterday.Three quarters f the students in the schl are girls Tw thirds f the bread is eaten by the muse. 。
⑦several，few，a few，many，thers等修饰可数名词作主语，或由它们本身作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 much, little, a little（只能修饰不可数名词）等修饰不可数名词时谓语动词用单数
⑧all, nne, any, sme, mre和mst要是修饰单数名词，谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词，就用复数动词.Mst f the apple is bad. 这个苹果大部分是坏的。Mst f the apples are bad. 这些苹果大部分是坏的。Nne f this mney is yurs. 没有一分钱是你的Nne f the peple here are teachers. 这里没有一个人是老师
Several friends were invited t the party. 几个朋友被邀请参加聚会
⑨不定代词ne，every，each，either，neither，ne, the ther, anther及复合不定代词（smebdy, smene, smething, anybdy, anything, everybdy, everyne, everything, nbdy, n ne, nthing）等作主语的时候，谓语动词用单数Each f us has a new bk. Smething is wrng with him. I tried n tw dresses，but neither fits me
⑩由“nne/either/neither+f+复数名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可。取决于说话人想表达的意思，当说话人侧重于“每一个都不……”或“两个中的任何一个都不……”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者侧重于“所有的都不……”或“两个中的全部都不……”时，谓语动词用复数。
Nne is as gd as he. (强调每一个人) Nne knw what happened. (强调所有的人) 没人知道发生了什么。Nne f them have / has a car. 他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）Neither f them knw / knws the crrect answer. 他们两个全都不知道正确答案。（他们两个人谁也不知道正确答案。）
⑪字母、符号或某个单词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。“Hers” is a pssessive prnun.“hers”是个物主代词。 B is the secnd letter f the English alphabet（字母表）.
⑫many a...，mre than ne...作主语时，尽管意义上表示的是复数，但谓语动词要用单数，不过mre+复数名词+than ne作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式Mre than ne persn has made the suggestinMany a student has been t Beijing. 许多学生去过北京Mre students than ne have read the bk
⑬“ne f+名词/代词复数”，表示“……之一”，谓语动词用单数形式。One f my students cmes frm China.
⑭“a number f +复数名词”许多，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。“the number f +复数名词”的数量，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number f students in this class are frm Beijing. The number f students in ur class is 40.⑮一些由两个对应部分组成一体的复数名词，如trusers，glasses，scissrs, shes, glves, chpsticks, clthes，作主语时谓语动词用复数。但这类词前用了pair修饰，组成a pair f...，tw pairs f.. 的短语，谓语动词的单复数形式由pair的单复数形式决定
The trusers are mineThis pair f glasses is very expensiveTw pairs f shes are enugh fr me.
其它类似的特殊的量词修饰普通名词时如含有piece(条，块)， set（套）， kind(种类）,cup，rw，basket，bx等词修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词根据修饰语的单复数而定。A kind f rse in the garden smells very pleasant.Many kinds f snakes are fund in Africa.
⑯一般来讲，关系代词that, wh, which等在从句作主语时，定语从句的谓语在人称与数方面应与前面的先行词保持一致。从句前若为ne f +复数名词，从句谓语动词用复数形式。从句前为the（nly）ne f +复数名词。从句谓语动词用单数。The hrse which is tied t the tree belngs t Jack. Thse wh want t g n a jurney please sign yur name here. Buens Aires is ne f the wrld capitals that are famus fr its busy harbur.(港口）布宜诺斯艾利斯是以繁忙的港口而闻名的国家首都之一He is the nly ne f thse wrkers wh is able t d this jb.
意义一致原则指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义用复数形式而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义用单数形式。
（1）由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念，同一个人或事物时，则谓语动词用单数形式。The teacher and writer has prduced many wrks（老师兼作家）War and peace is cnstant （永恒的）peace in histry.
（2）一些形复意单的名词如news，以ics结尾的学科如physics(物理学），mathematics (maths), plitics（政治学), ecnmics（经济学），虽然形式上是复数名词，但实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Maths is very diffcult fr sme students.（3)当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，片名，格言，剧名，报纸，杂志，节日及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，有的形式上是复数形式，但要作为整体，谓语动词用单
（3）一些表总称的形单意复的词如peple(人民), plice, cattle(牛群)等作主语，当作复数看，谓语动词用复数.The plice have caught the man.Peple here are very friendly. 【注意】形单意复的名词有些变复数形式后意义不同。如peples多个民族
数形式。The United States is a develped cuntry. The Arabian Nights is a very interesting bk.
（4）某些单复同形的名词作主语时，按照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；表示复数意义时，谓语动词则用复数形式。此类名词有：sheep, deer, fish以-ese结尾的表示民族的名词等。There are many fish in the river. That blacek sheep was lst yesterday.A Japanese is cming t visit the factry tmrrw.
means 作名词时，方式，方法，手段，单复数同形，其谓语动词根据句意来去确定。 若means与a，such a，this，that，every等词连用，则谓语动词用单数；若means与such，these，thse，all等词连用，则谓语动词是复数。
One means is still t be tried. 有一种办法还没有试行。All means have been used t get him t change his mind. 为了转变他的想法，所有的办法都用过了。有时用作主语其单复数意思不明，则谓语可用单数或复数。如：Is [Are] there any ther means f ding it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?The end is gd, but the means is [are] bad. 结局是很好，但采取的手段是不好的。
（5）集体名词作主语时，如果视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数，如果侧重其中的个体成员，谓语动词用复数。此类集体名词有class，crwd，family，grup，public，team，cuple，club，cmpany，pputatin，gvernment（政府)等
有些集体名词如peple，plice，cattle一般总看成复数。The public are/is requested nt t g ut. 请公众不要外出Our family is a happy ne. 我们是个幸福的家庭。His family are waiting fr him.他的家人在等他【注意】ppulatin 人口，单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；但前面有sme, mst 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。The ppulatin f China is grwing.Three quarters f the ppulatin are Chinese.
（6）表示时间，金额，距离，体积，重量，面积，长度等的词组作主语时，通常看作为整体，谓语动词用单数。Eighty dllars is enugh fr a student.Ten kilmeters is t lng fr me t run.(7)the+形容词“作主语时， 指一类人时，如（the pr, the rich, the yung, the ld, the dead, the sick, the brave)谓语动词用复数形式。指抽象概念谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”，做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The new is sure t take place f the ld. 新生事物一定会代替旧事物 The pr are very happy, but the rich are sad.
(8）疑问代词wh, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它本身的含义。 Wh teaches yu histry? 谁教你们老师?Which is yur bk? 哪一本是你的书? Which are yur bks? 哪几本是你的书?
（9）数词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。但在四则运算中，加法和乘法的谓语动词用单数和复数都可以，减法和除法要用单数形式。Five is an dd number.(奇数）Fifteen divided by five is seven. 15除以5等于3。Five minus tw is three. 5减2等于3。
five times six is / are thirty. 五乘六等于三十。Thirteen plus seven is/are twenty. 十三加七等于二十。
（10）名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。The dctr’s is acrss the street. 诊所在街道的对面。My uncle’s is nt far frm here. 我叔叔家离这儿不远。
就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近的作主语的动词保持一致
（1）常见的词如由r, either…r…, neither…nr…, nt nly…but als…, nt…but… ，whether…r ...连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词的形式。Neither i r they are respnsible fr the resultNt nly yu but(als) he is wrng.
（2）there be句型be动词单复数取决于be后面的主语。但如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则be应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 There is a bird and tw bys in the tree. There are sme apples and a bird in the tree.
(3) here be 结构中Here are sm apples fr yuHere is a pen and sme bks fr yuHere are sme bks an a pen fr yu
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