湖北省黄冈中学2022-2023学年高二下期末考试英语全真模拟试卷

这是一份湖北省黄冈中学2022-2023学年高二下期末考试英语全真模拟试卷，共13页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，其他应用文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City TursThe 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
1．What is an advantage f MacBike?
A．It gives children a discunt.B．It ffers many types f bikes.
C．It rganizes free cycle turs.D．It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
2．Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A．€15.75.B．€19.50.C．€22.75.D．€29.50.
3．Where des the guided city tur start?
A．The Gyer, Windmill.B．The Skinny Bridge.
C．Heineken Brewery.D．Dam Square.
Early fifth-century philspher St．Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him．Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it．Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．
Frget abut time as an abslute．What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy,we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（节奏） f human life？We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（调节）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．What if ur definitin f time reflected that？
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming．We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes．We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time．If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect．
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics．It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（时间框架），and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes．Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet．Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies．
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena．In pre-Classical Greece，fr instance，peple“crrected”fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn．Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival．Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability t define time， he highlighted ne f time 's mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse．
4．What is the main idea f Paragraph 1？
A．Timekeeping is increasingly related t nature．
B．Everyne can define time n their wn terms．
C．The qualities f time vary with hw yu measure it．
D．Time is a majr cncern f philsphers and scientists．
5．The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．
A．present an assumptinB．evaluate an argument
C．highlight an experimentD．intrduce an apprach
6．What can we learn frm this passage？
A．Thse wh d nt g n river time will live an imbalanced life．
B．New ways f measuring time can help t cntrl Earth systems．
C．Atmic time will get ahead f river time if the rivers run slwer．
D．Mdern technlgy may help t shape the rivers’ tempral frame．
7．What can we infer frm this passage？
A．It is crucial t imprve the definitin f time．
B．A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C．We shuld live in harmny with nature．
D．Histry is a mirrr reflecting reality．
Quantum ( 量子 ) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
8．Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A．sympatheticB．uncncernedC．dubtfulD．excited
9．What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A．His dminance in physics.B．The cmpetitin in the field.
C．His cnfidence in PyQuantum.D．The investment f tech cmpanies.
10．What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Open.B．Cl.C．Useful.D．Resistant.
11．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B．Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C．Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D．Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
12．What d slar develpers ften ignre?
A．The decline in the demand fr slar energy.
B．The negative impact f installing slar panels.
C．The rising labr cst f building slar farms.
D．The mst recent advances in slar technlgy.
13．What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A．Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B．Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C．Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D．Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
14．What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T cnserve pllinatrs.B．T restrict slar develpment.
C．T diversify the ecnmy.D．T ensure the supply f energy.
15．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB．Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD．Slar Farms: A New Develpment
“What wuld the wrld be if there were n hunger?” It’s a questin that Prfessr Crystal wuld ask her students. They fund it hard t answer, she wrte later, because imagining smething that isn’t part f real life—and learning hw t make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught t artists and engineers, but much less ften t scientists. Crystal set ut t change that, and helped t create a glbal mvement. The result—an apprach knwn as systems thinking—is nw seen as essential in meeting glbal challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial t achieving targets such as zer hunger and better nutritin because it requires cnsidering the way in which fd is prduced, prcessed, delivered and cnsumed, and lking at hw thse things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the envirnment, ecnmics and sciety. Accrding t systems thinking, changing the fd system—r any ther netwrk—requires three things t happen. First, researchers need t identify all the players in that system; secnd, they must wrk ut hw they relate t each ther; and third, they need t understand and quantify the impact f thse relatinships n each ther and n thse utside the system.
Take nutritin. In the latest UN reprt n glbal fd security, the number f undernurished (营养不良 )peple in the wrld has been rising, despite great advances in nutritin science. Tracking f 150 bichemicals in fd has been imprtant in revealing the relatinships between calries, sugar, fat and the ccurrence f cmmn diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, sme scientists prpse that human diets cnsist f at least 26,000 bichemicals—and that the vast majrity are nt knwn. This shws that we have sme way t travel befre achieving the first bjective f systems thinking - which,in this example, is t identify mre cnstituent parts f the nutritin system.
A systems apprach t creating change is als built n the assumptin that everyne in the system has equal pwer. But as sme researchers find, the fd system is nt an equal ne. A gd way t redress (修正 ) such pwer imbalance is fr mre universities t d what Crystal did and teach students hw t think using a systems apprach.
Mre researchers, plicymakers and representatives frm the fd industry must learn t lk beynd their direct lines f respnsibility and adpt a systems apprach. Crystal knew that visins alne dn’t prduce results, but cncluded that “we’ll never prduce results that we can’t envisin”.
16．The authr uses the questin underlined in Paragraph 1 t ________.
A．illustrate an argumentB．highlight an pinin
C．intrduce the tpicD．predict the ending
17．What can be inferred abut the field f nutritin?
A．The first bjective f systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B．The relatinships amng players have been clarified.
C．Machine learning can slve the nutritin prblem.
D．The impact f nutritin cannt be quantified.
18．As fr systems thinking, which wuld the authr agree with?
A．It may be used t justify pwer imbalance.
B．It can be applied t tackle challenges.
C．It helps t prve why hunger exists.
D．It ges beynd human imaginatin.
二、七选五
Hw much time d yu spend ding research befre yu make a decisin? There are peple wh g ver every detail exhaustively befre making a chice. 19 Psychlgists call this way f thinking a cgnitive bias (偏见), a tendency tward a specific mental mistake.
T study “jumping”, we examined decisin-making patterns amng mre than 600 peple frm the general ppulatin. We fund that jumpers made mre errrs than nn-jumpers n prblems that require thughtful analysis. 20 In a quiz abut US civics, they verestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly mre than ther participants did—even when their answers were wrng.
S what is behind “jumping”?Psychlgical researchers cmmnly distinguish between tw pathways f thught: autmatic system, which reflects ideas that cme t the mind easily, spntaneusly and withut effrt, and cntrlled system including cnscius and effrtful reasning. Jumpers and nnjumpers are equally influenced by autmatic thughts. 21
It is the cntrlled system that helps peple cunter balance mental biases intrduced by the autmatic system. As a result, jumpers were mre likely t accept the cnclusins made at first blush withut further questining. A lack f cntrlled thinking is als mre bradly cnnected t their prblematic beliefs and faulty reasning.
22 A methd called metacgnitive training can be used t target their biases, which can help peple think mre deliberatively. In this training, participants are cnfrnted with their wn biases. They can learn abut the missteps and ther ways f thinking thrugh the prblem at hand. It helps t chip away at participants’ vercnfidence.
In everyday life, the questin f whether we shuld think things thrugh r instead g with ur gut is a frequent and imprtant ne. 23 Smetimes the mst imprtant decisin we make can be t take sme mre time befre making a chice.
A．Happily, there may be sme hpe fr jumpers.
B．Als, jumpers had prblems with vercnfidence.
C．But a fair number f individuals are quick t jump t cnclusins.
D．It is certainly pssible fr them t verthink things t take a decisin.
E．We plan t cntinue the wrk t trace ther prblems intrduced by jumping.
F．The jumpers, hwever, did nt engage in cntrlled reasning t the same degree as nn-jumpers.
G．Recent studies shw that even gathering just a little bit mre evidence may help us avid a majr mistake.
三、完形填空
A single tremble shk beneath my feet. The trees abve me began t sway(摇摆) hard. Then came the deadly 24 that culd nly mean ne thing, destructin. Every huse and bject was nw 25 . My visin blurred (模糊) even mre when I saw the remains f my huse. The huse that used t 26 all the happiness in the wrld was nw 27 a pile f ruined pieces. I 28 all the times I played with my little brther and sister. Images f them were 29 in my mind, s I let the darkness sweep ver me cmpletely s I culd see them vividly ne last time. I regained a bit f my 30 after lying n the grund fr sme time. My eyes viewed different things, but I walked n mindlessly, with n 31 t anything arund me at all.
Years have passed since the disaster that 32 me years ag. I never thught I wuld be kay again after this 33 event.
Tday I am ging n a trip t Califrnia t help 34 f a recent earthquake. Then, I see her. A yung girl is weeping int her arm. I walk tward her. Lsing family was 35 , but because f my life changing experience, I am strng, and I can 36 the lives f thse wh are suffering as I was. When I reach the girl, she stares at me with sad eyes, and I gently stick ut my hand fr her t hld t. One day, she may 37 thers the way I did fr her. She hlds my hand tightly, and tgether, we lk fr a brighter future where we can help thse arund us and 38 the wrld starting with ne disaster at a time.
24．A．silenceB．pwerC．emergencyD．extinctin
25．A．under pressureB．in ruinsC．n handD．in shck
26．A．prmteB．supplyC．cntainD．measure
27．A．extremelyB．bviuslyC．actuallyD．simply
28．A．adapted tB．thught fC．cncentrated nD．wrked ut
29．A．carvedB．buriedC．designedD．bserved
30．A．balanceB．memryC．strengthD．impressin
31．A．requestB．cmparisnC．pathD．reactin
32．A．struckB．identifiedC．threatenedD．reminded
33．A．amazingB．frighteningC．excitingD．challenging
34．A．prfessinalsB．vlunteersC．survivrsD．experts
35．A．painfulB．unusualC．awkwardD．unique
36．A．appreciateB．pssessC．exchangeD．imprve
37．A．affectB．recgnizeC．recmmendD．cntact
38．A．establishB．changeC．remveD．revise
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Eating at restaurants hasn't always been knwn as the best chice fr peple 39 are trying t keep a healthy diet. It is 40 (extreme) hard fr peple t avid fd that isn't s gd fr them when dining ut. Hwever, yu dn't have t give 41 yur lve f restaurants. There are ways that yu can eat healthier fd when dining ut while yu can still enjy the experience.
One methd is t take time 42 (read) the nutritin infrmatin. Sme restaurants pst it n their menus r their website. If yu knw yu're ging t visit 43 certain restaurant, yu shuld check the website first. If n nutritin infrmatin 44 (list), yu shuld check the menu at the restaurant befre yu rder.
Anther way is t think abut nt eating cream r butter sauces. Instead, cnsider 45 (chse) a sauce that culd add a rich flavr t yur fd withut extra calries (卡路里).
All restaurants have water available. Whether it is free 46 yu have t buy it, yu shuld chse t drink water ver ther drinks like beer r sda, which cntains a lt f calries.
Eating ut desn't have t be an unhealthy 47 (decide) as lng as yu make wise chices. Yu culd still enjy all f the benefits f dining ut and be 48 (please) with yur chices later n.
五、其他应用文
49．在成长的过程中，我们总是对未来的职业充满憧憬。近期你班将以“My Dream Career” 为题举行演讲比赛。请你根据以下要求写一篇英语演讲稿，内容包括：
1．你的理想职业；
2．选择它的理由；
3．实现的途径。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3．可根据内容要点适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：muld v．塑造；industrius adj.勤勉的
My Dream Career
Gd mrning，everyne！
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank yu fr listening.
六、读后续写
50．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A New Additin t the Family
Fr the initial ten years f his life, Victr was the prince f the husehld. As he was an nly child, his parents petted him and shwered all their lve and attentin n him. Whatever tys his parents bught, they were always meant fr him. Whatever fd was in the refrigeratr, there was n ne t cmpete with him t plish it ff first. Victr culd leave his tys r bks arund the huse with cmplete ease f mind, knwing that there was n ne wh wuld get their hands n his belngings and cause any damage.
Hwever, all that was t change vernight when Victr’s parents brught back his new baby sister, Lina, frm the hspital. With her rsy cheeks, wide pen eyes and angelic smile, Lina caught the hearts f her parents, grandparents and relatives. Everyne fcused their attentin n the cute bunch f jy. Whenever she cried, her mther r father wuld rush t her bed. She simply cried because she wanted t be carried. There was little time left fr Victr.
Nw that Victr’s mther had his baby sister t take care f, she expected Victr himself t d mst f the chres he can d. Victr was asked t clean his wn rm, irn his wn schl unifrm and clean his wn shes. Befre Lina’s arrival, he had never lifted a finger t help ut with these tasks. The whle family als went ut less because it was unhealthy t expse Lina t the bacteria(细菌) being in the utside wrld t ften.
Victr felt neglected by his parents. He felt that they lved Lina mre than him. As a result, he tried t attract his parents’ attentin by becming resistant. One evening, Victr’s parents were called up by his teacher because Victr had gt int a fight at schl. His teacher had nticed Victr’s behaviur and wrk attitude changing dwnwards in the past tw mnths. Befre that, he had been a mdel student.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Upn hearing the teacher’s feedback, Victr’s parents gt lst in thught.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Victr realized that his parents still cared fr him.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hand Brake, Three Gears
Ft Brake, N Gears
1 hur
€7.50
€5.00
3 hurs
€11.00
€7.50
1 day (24 hurs)
€14.75
€9.75
Each additinal day
€8.00
€6.00
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D
4．B 5．D 6．C 7．C
8．A 9．C 10．A 11．D
12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D
16．C 17．A 18．B
19．C 20．B 21．F 22．A 23．G
24．A 25．B 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．A 36．D 37．A 38．B
39．wh / that 40．extremely 41．up 42．t read 43．a 44．is listed 45．chsing 46．r 47．Decisin 48．pleased
49．略
50． 略