新教材2024届高考英语二轮专项分层特训卷第一部分专题强化练专题一阅读理解高考真题典例三主旨大意题（附解析）

这是一份新教材2024届高考英语二轮专项分层特训卷第一部分专题强化练专题一阅读理解高考真题典例三主旨大意题（附解析），共6页。
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren't always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn't cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple's estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple's errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw­up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn't the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr.
Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin­making are enrmus.
1．What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The methds f estimatin. B．The underlying lgic f the effect.
C．The causes f peple's errrs. D．The design f Galtn's experiment.
2．Navajas' study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________．
A．the crwds were relatively small B．there were ccasinal underestimates
C．individuals did nt cmmunicate D．estimates were nt fully independent
3．What did the fllw­up study fcus n?
A．The size f the grups. B．The dminant members.
C．The discussin prcess. D．The individual estimates.
4．What is the authr's attitude tward Navajas' studies?
A.Unclear. B．Dismissive.
C．Dubtful. D．Apprving.
eq \x(Passage 2)
[2023·新课标Ⅱ，B]
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw­incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill's students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks，” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts' classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands­n experiments such as sil testing, flwer­and­seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they're eating differently，” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram's benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill's special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside，” she says, “and they feel successful.”
5．What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A．She used t be a health wrker. B．She grew up in a lw­incme family.
C．She wns a fast fd restaurant. D．She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
6．What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?
A．The kids' parents distrusted her. B．Students had little time fr her classes.
C．Sme kids disliked garden wrk. D．There was n space fr schl gardens.
7．Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A．Far­reaching. B．Predictable.
C．Shrt­lived. D．Unidentifiable.
8．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Rescuing Schl Gardens B．Experiencing Cuntry Life
C．Grwing Vegetable Lvers D．Changing Lcal Landscape
[答题区]
高考真题典例（三） 主旨大意题
Passage 1
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立评估的平均值可能是相当准确的。
1．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren't always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn't cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple's estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple's errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn. （这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，有些会低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生一个更准确的评估。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，评估的准确性就会下降）”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的评估，讨论了独立评估的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段的“In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple's estimates be independent. （用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的评估是独立的）”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals. （这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的评估中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确）”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在评估数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a fllwup study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? （在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的评估最有信心的人？他们是否追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人呢）”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
4．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisinmaking are enrmus. （尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响是巨大的）”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策性的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramill等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Spruts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。
5．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lwincme schls.（起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了‘Urban Spruts’学校花园项目。）”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Spruts的发起者。故选D。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. ‘They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.’ Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.（她说。‘他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。’虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。）”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
7．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the prgram's benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill's special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. ‘They get utside，’ she says, ‘and they feel successful.’（她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们把种子带回家开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramill的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。‘他们走了出去，’她说，‘他们觉得成功。’）”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
8．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramill发起Urban Spruts项目，带领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开始对园艺感兴趣。因此C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”适合作为本文标题。故选C。
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