精品解析：福建省福州第三中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷（含答案）

这是一份精品解析：福建省福州第三中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试卷（含答案），共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，    B．18，5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

英语试卷
试卷满分：150 考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Hw des the man feel nw?
A．Angry. B．Prud C．Disappinted.
2．When will Dr. Black see the man?
A．At 11:00 a.m. B．At 9:00 a.m. C．At 1:00 p.m.
3．What time is it nw?
A．8:20 pm. B．8:10 pm. C．8:40 pm.
4．What are the speakers?
A．Prfessrs. B．Students. C．Interviewers.
5．What des the wman cmplain abut?
A．Its slw delivery. B．Its flavr. C．Its price.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where des the wman always fllw news?
A．On TV. B．On her phne. C．On the Internet.
7．What news is the man mre cncerned abut nw?
A．Sprts. B．Weather. C．Net stars.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What will the wman like in Switzerland?
A．Hiking arund the Matterhrn. B．Climbing the Matterhrn. C．Explring the deep valley.
9．What are very steep?
A．The valleys. B．The trails. C．The muntains.
10．What is knwn as the Tp f Eurpe?
A．The Matterhrn. B．The Jungfrau Ski Regin. C．Matterhrn Glacier Paradise.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What is mainly talked abut in the cnversatin?
A．Clrs. B．Weather. C．Prverbs.
12．What des the wman think f the sayings abut weather?
A．Skeptical. B．Favrable. C．Surprised.
13．Hw many sayings are mentined in the dialgue?
A．Tw. B．Three. C．Fur.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What made the man feel surprised?
A．The fierce ftball game. B．Many “likes” fr his pht. C．Silly cmments n his pht.
15．What des the wman think the “likes” represent?
A．A respnse. B．A lt f appreciatin. C．A kind f pliteness.
16．What des the wman prefer?
A．Talking with friends face t face. B．Giving friends a thumb up. C．Getting “likes” everywhere.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Hw ld did teens becme adults in Japan befre 2022?
A．20. B．18. C．22.
18．What can 18-year-lds d frm 2022?
A．Get married. B．Drink alchl. C．Smke cigarettes.
19．Why did Japan’s gvernment pass the new law?
A．T change its retirement age. B．T reduce its pllutin. C．T develp its ecnmy.
20．What d yung Japanese peple care abut mre?
A．Hw t pay less tax. B．Hw t celebrate Cming f Age Day. C．Hw t enjy health care payments.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Sam’s CLUB
A divisin f Walmart Inc., Sam’s club is the membership warehuse club slutin fr everyday living. Sam’s Club serves millins f members at SamsClub.cm and almst 600 lcatins acrss the U. S. and Puert Ric. Sam’s Club als has lcatins in Brazil, China and Mexic.
1．Wh is mre likely t be prmted t an executive psitin?
A．A member f the club.B．A wrker paid by the hur.
C．A small business entrepreneur.D．An assciate frm Puert Ric.
2．If yu are a member f Sam’s club, yu can ________ in Sam’s.
A．have all the available brands t chse frm
B．have yur hmewrk dne by Sam’s merchants
C．buy Member’s Mark prducts at members-nly prices
D．enjy free shipping fr the gds yu have purchased
3．The purpse f the passage is t ________.
A．find suitable emplyees fr Sam’s club
B．attract investment frm verseas cmpanies
C．infrm readers f the features f Sam’s club
D．persuade custmers t be a member f Sam’s club
B
Back in 1958, I was crazy abut the Nrflk and Western 746. The smth bullet-nse engine with its range and yellw lines and shiny streamlined black tender (车厢) seemed t have cast a spell n me.
Tgether the engine and tender measured a little shy f 2 feet—enrmus by the ty train standards f the day. Even better, the 746 had a wrking headlight and smker, and its tender sang high.
Unfrtunately, the amazing 746 als had an amazing price—$50, equal t abut $450 tday. That was far mre than my grandfather culd affrd. Instead, I had t be cntent with his little Linel plastic, which was SIX INCHES shrter than the 746 and had n headlight, n smker r n sund! But that was the best that my grandfather culd give me at that time.
Years passed, and I was in my 30s. Cmplicated sund systems and cmputer cntrls dminated ty trains. I never gave a lk. My interest in ty trains, I firmly believed, had faded, nr did my admiratin fr the 746, since my grandfather was nt with me. The 746 was never called t mind. On an rdinary day, hwever, I happened t see the 746 utside the windw f a train shw. Just ne lk, I culd nt lk away. Childhd memries that I tried t hide in the depths f my heart raced thrugh my mind, happy r sad.
That day I tk the 746 hme and placed it in the centre f the rm, and let my childhd dream sing its way arund me. Smke rse ut frm the engine and the sft sng sunded frm its tender. It seemed as if I culd see the sft light in grandfather’s eyes and hear his cheerful laughter.
4．Which best describes the 746 in the authr’s eyes?
A．It was taller than the authr.B．Its price rse frm $50 t $450.
C．It was the largest train in 1958.D．Its beauty was beynd cmpare.
5．Hw did the authr feel when receiving his little Linel plastic?
A．Visibly relieved.B．Really excited.
C．Terribly shameful.D．Slightly unsatisfied.
6．What happened t the authr in his 30s?
A．He left his grandfather alne.B．He didn’t favr the 746 at all.
C．He attempted nt t recall the past.D．He admired advanced ty trains.
7．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Ty Trains: Childhd in HistryB．The 746: Childhd Memries f Lve
C．Ty Trains: Memries f A GeneratinD．The 746: A Perfect Gift frm My Grandfather
C
These days, Fred’s huge skeletn (骨架) was exhibited in the Indiana State Museum. His tusks (长牙) were recently the subject f a research study tracing the life 13,000 years ag f mastdns, distant relatives f mdern elephants.
By analyzing the chemicals in Fred’s tusks, a team f researchers was able t cnstruct a detailed accunt f his seasnal migratin patterns. Jsh Miller, a paleeclgist (古生态学家) at the University f Cincinnati, is ne f the researchers studying Fred. “He has beautifully preserved bnes and tusks, which prvides a great pprtunity fr ur research,” Miller said.
Mastdns’ tusks generally grw in distinct layers, similar t the tree rings. As a result, the nutrients that build the layers f their tusks can tell us a lt abut what they experienced. The team particularly fcused their analysis n the variatins in tw elements in the layers: strntium (锶) and xygen. The frmer is the key t understanding where Fred spent his life, while the latter tells us the seasn he was in any particular regin. Then, with sme statistical mdeling, Miller and his team gained insight int the daily recrd f Fred’s behavir ver ten thusand years ag.
The result indicated that when Fred was yung, he wuld have grwn a lt. But there’s a year when his grwth is reduced — that’s when Miller’s analysis starts. “Prbably like the mdern male elephant, a male mastdn is just really bnxius when grwing up t be a bther and ften aruses family members’ anger. At that pint, the mm and aunts will essentially kick him ut f the family”, Miller predicted.
After Fred set ff t attend t himself, his tusks reflected where he traveled arund. Based n analysis, every summer, Fred wuld return t mate in Nrtheastern Indiana, because arund this time, his tusks started t shw signs f injuries. When cmpeting fr mates, mastdns gt int huge battles with their wn natural weapns, sharp tusks. And that was exactly what brught the stry f Fred t an untimely end.
8．What des Miller’s study mainly fcus n?
A．Inner structure f Fred’s skeletn.B．Pssible tracks f Fred’s migratin.
C．Research value f mastdn fssils.D．Effective ways f tusk preservatin.
9．Hw did researchers learn a mastdn’s behavir in ancient age?
A．By mdeling data f special chemical elements.B．By cmparing his layers f tusks with rings f trees.
C．By cnducting field researches in varius regins.D．By reviewing statistical recrds f previus studies.
10．What des the underlined wrd “bnxius” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Mature.B．Greedy.C．Ambitius.D．Annying.
11．What can be inferred abut Fred in the last paragraph?
A．He failed t live independently.B．He reunited with his family later.
C．He gt killed by ppnents’ tusks.D．He survived sme natural disasters.
D
In just a few decades the United States culd eliminate fssil fuels and rely 100 percent n clean, renewable energy. That’s the visin f Mark Jacbsn, a Stanfrd engineering prfessr wh has prduced a state-by-state rad map f hw the cuntry culd rid itself f cal, il, natural gas, and nuclear pwer.
By 2050, Jacbsn expects the natin’s transprtatin netwrk—cars, ships, airplanes—t run n batteries r hydrgen prduced frm electricity. He sees the winds blwing acrss the Great Plains pwering vast stretches f the cuntry’s middle while the burning sun helps electrify the Suthwest. “There’s n state that can’t d this,” Jacbsn says.
Tday nly 13% f U.S. electricity cmes frm renewables. Jacbsn’s gal wuld be ne f the natin’s mst ambitius undertakings. This transfrmatin wuld cst rughly $15 trillin, r $47,000 fr each American, fr building and installing systems that prduce and stre renewable energy.
What wuld it take? Seventy-eight millin rftp slar systems, nearly 49,000 cmmercial slar plants, 156,000 ffshre wind turbines (风力涡轮机), plus wave-energy systems. Land-based wind farms wuld need 328,000 turbines, each with blades lnger than a ftball field. These farms wuld ccupy as much land as Nrth Carlina.
Fr nw, he says, prspects are encuraging. Thanks in part t gvernment funding and large-scale prductin, csts are falling. The amunt f pwer generated natinwide by wind and slar increased 15-fld each between 2003 and 2013. This summer the US President mved t reduce carbn emissins frm cal-fired pwer plants, and Hawaii cmmitted t having all its electricity prvided by renewables by 2045.
Still, many experts aren’t cnvinced. “It has zer chance,” Stephen Brick, an energy fellw with the Chicag Cuncil n Glbal Affairs, says f Jacbsn’s plan. Plitical, regulatry, and scial barriers are huge, especially in a natin where the energy systems—and much f its plitical influence—is rted in the il, gas, and cal industries. Sme critics are cncerned abut whether the resulting grid (输电网) wuld be reliable. And neighbrhd battles wuld likely ccur ver wind farms and slar plants. Even utspken scientist James Hansen, wh warned the gvernment a quarter century ag abut climate change, insists that nuclear pwer is essential t rid the cuntry f fssil fuels.
Yet Jacbsn’s wrk at least ffers a starting pint. Scientists and plicymakers may keep arguing abut slutins, but as President pints ut, the natin must cntinue its march tward a clean-energy future—even if it’s nt yet clear hw that will lk in 35 years. “If we dn’t d it,” he said this summer, “nbdy will.”
12．Which f the fllwing des Prfessr Mark Jacbsn engage in?
A．Organizing prjects t build and install slar energy systems state by state.
B．Persuading the U.S. President t realize his renewable energy gal.
C．Outlining a plan detailing hw energy in the U.S. culd be carbn free by 2050.
D．Arguing abut pprtunities and bstacles f his plan.
13．Which f the fllwing is the majr bstacle t the transfrmatin frm fssil fuels t renewables?
A．The huge investment in slar and wind prjects.B．The slid fundatin f traditinal energy systems.
C．The jb lsses in il and cal industries.D．The inevitable land-use battles between states.
14．It can be inferred frm the passage that ________.
A．at least ne state f the U.S. will nt use fssil fuels t generate electricity by 2050
B．develping clean-energy industry will drive the wrld’s market
C．fssil fuels will sn be eliminated in the U.S.
D．there will be n vacant land fr wind farms
15．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．The Cexistence f Fssil Fuels and Renewables
B．A Blueprint fr a Carbn Free America
C．One Man’s Dream: Determinatin and Innvatin in Energy Future
D．Prfessr and his Slar and Wind Technlgy
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My, what a big beak yu have!
Fr humans, adapting t climate change will mstly be a matter f technlgy. Mre air cnditining, better-designed huses and bigger fld defenses may help t make the effects f a warmer wrld less harmful. 16 In a paper published in Trends & Evlutin, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD candidate at Deakin University, shws that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bdies f many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (喙), legs and ears.
In sme species f Australian parrt, fr instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Anther study, this time in Nrth American dark-eyed juncs, anther bird, fund the same pattern. 17
All that is perfectly cnsistent with evlutinary thery. “Allen’s rule”, named fr Jel Asaph Allen, wh suggested it in 1877, hlds that warm-blded animals in ht places tend t have larger bdy parts than thse in temperate (温带的) regins. 18 Being richly filled with bld vessels, and nt cvered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place fr birds t get rid f heat. Fennec fxes, meanwhile, which are native t the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially cmpared with their Arctic cusins.
Ms. Ryding is nt the first researcher t take that apprach. But it is hard, when dealing with individual species, t prve that climate change was the cause f an anatmical (解剖学的) changes. All srts f ther factrs, frm changes in prey t the evlving reprductive preferences f males r females, might have been driving the changes. 19 The team cmbined data frm different species in different places. Since they have little in cmmn apart frm living n a warming planet, climate change is the mst reasnable explanatin.
20 That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evlutinary adaptatin cmes with trade-ffs (妥协), it is unclear hw far the prcess might g. Bigger beaks might make feeding harder, fr instance. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cst mre energy t grw.
A．Hwever, lking at the bigger picture makes the pattern clearer.
B．Fr nw, at least, the increase is small, never much mre than 10%.
C．Animals will have t rely n changing their bdies r their behavirs.
D．It seems that the future wrld is ging t be htter than humans are used t.
E．Therefre, the negative effects f a warmer wrld are visible in these animals’ bdies.
F．Such adaptatins bst an animal’s surface area relative t its bdy, helping it t release extra heat.
G．Similar trends are seen in mammals, with species f mice and bats evlving bigger ears, legs and wings.
第三部分 语言应用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Camping is a rite f passage (成人仪式) if yu grw up in Canada. It’s a child’s first 21 f what living in the wild really means. But grwing up as an immigrant frm India, I thught it was 22 .
Then I 23 26 and started trying new things. I had been 24 mental health issues fr quite sme time and I discvered being ut in nature helped me calm dwn. 25 , I decided t try camping.
Then I verheard a(n) 26 between my father and mther. “Why des she have t d this? Desn’t she knw she can just stay at hme?” my father asked. “This is what Canadian kids d, it’s kay, she’ll be fine!” my mm 27 . My parents had n 28 in me surviving ne night in the wild.
My friends and I 29 ur campsite in the wds. As the day went n, we ate, played by the water and met ur camping neighbrs. Time felt like it 30 ; life felt gentler and easier. As the day turned int night, the stars came ut and I was amazed by all the 31 lights abve me. Mrning came. I didn’t even realize I was 32 t leave until we started packing everything up.
I wasn’t just leaving, having accmplished smething I 33 thught I wuld d. I was leaving with a real sense f cmmunity, a real sense f 34 fr what the great utdrs had t ffer, and a cmpletely different 35 t an activity that I had thught strange fr s many years.
21．A．attemptB．tasteC．prpsalD．target
22．A．ddB．awkwardC．amazingD．rugh
23．A．grewB．bservedC．turnedD．recalled
24．A．invlvingB．survivingC．abandningD．experiencing
25．A．OverallB．MreverC．SmehwD．Therefre
26．A．argumentB．debateC．cnversatinD．quarrel
27．A．explainedB．insistedC．prayedD．interrupted
28．A．mercyB．empathyC．faithD．preference
29．A．set upB．beat dwnC．drew nD．rse t
30．A．sht upB．slwed dwnC．brke utD．put ff
31．A．swingingB．buncingC．rllingD．twinkling
32．A．curiusB．enthusiasticC．upsetD．desperate
33．A．barelyB．cnstantlyC．ultimatelyD．merely
34．A．fundatinB．appreciatinC．reslutinD．recgnitin
35．A．cntrastB．attitudeC．prirityD．expsure
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Brn in 1874 in Ireland, Shackletn left schl at 16 and then jined the NW Shipping Cmpany, 36 (becme) a master mariner in 1898. Befre captaining 37 ship Endurance, Shackletn accmpanied Rbert Sctt 38 the Discvery expeditin and als led the Nimrd expeditin, bth f 39 went t Antarctica. Althugh the Endurance expeditin was a failure, there was n 40 (lse) f life, thanks t Shackletn’s 41 (dare) rescue missin. Shackletn 42 (celebrate) as ne f the wrld’s greatest explrers, and the Endurance expeditin stry is said by many 43 (be) the greatest rescue missin f all time. It makes peple reflect n 44 the characteristics f curage and 45 (persevere) can help t situatins f great adversity.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46．人工智能时代已悄然来临，随处可见的人工智能让生活越来越便利的同时也带来许多困惑。请给英语报写一篇投稿，陈述其利弊并表明个人态度。
注意：词数80词左右
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第二节(满分25分)
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Keeping up seemed s imprtant when I was a teenager. Back in 1973, if yu weren’t wearing Penn Lafers (乐福鞋) yu’d just as sn g arund in yur bare feet. There was nly ne prblem that year, I had bught Oxfrds—but Penny Lafers were in.
“I need sme mney fr Penny Lafers.” I tld my dad ne afternn at the place where he wrked as a car mechanic.
Dad lked at me fr a full minute befre he answered, “Wear thse shes ne mre day. Lk at every pair f shes yu see at schl. If yu can tell me that yu are wrse ff than the ther kids, I’ll buy new shes fr yu.”
The next day, I did what Dad said. I saw many schlmates wre trn shes f the likes I’d never had t wear, and shes with hles in them, but I had n intentin f telling him the results.
When schl was ut, I rushed t the place where Dad wrked. It was quiet. Only an ccasinal clank (叮当声) f metal culd be heard as Dad wrked under a car. Then dad’s shes came int my sight. They were ld and black, the kind mechanics and service-statin attendants wre. I saw the mended sles (鞋底) and the spliced laces (拼接的鞋带) .
“Yu d what I tld yu tday?”
“Yes, sir.”
“Well, what d yu want t d?” He lked as thugh he might knw what my answer wuld be.
“I still want the Penny Lafers.” I frced myself nt t lk at his shes.
Dad handed me ten dllars. I tk the mney and went t the stre tw blcks dwn the street. A rack (货架) n a far wall appeared as if it had a millin pairs f black Penny Lafers resting n it. On a rack next t it was a sign that reads “CLEARANCE 50% OFF”.Belw the sign sat several “yung” versins fDad’s shes.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为 150 词左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My mind was playing Pingpng
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I ran back t the shp and put Dad’s new shes n the seat in his car.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FOUNDER
Our funder Sam Waltn was the mst ntable business leader f his time - but n matter hw much success he achieved, he never frgt where it all started. Once a humble entrepreneur(创业者)with a successful five-and-time, Mr. Sam knew firsthand the challenges f running a small business.
EMPLOYEE
Sam’s club emplys thusands f assciates in the U. S. and Puert Ric. Apprximately 75 percent f club management was prmted frm hurly psitins.
Sam’s Club is a membership warehuse club, a limited-item business mdel that ffers ur members quality prducts at an exceptinal value unmatched
BRAND
by traditinal retail. Instead f stcking every item in every available brand, Sam’s Club merchants d their “hmewrk” fr ur members, stcking the right prducts and purchasing them in large quantities, passing n the savings t ur members. In additin t the leading natinal brands, Sam’s Club als carries Member’s Mark, an exclusive, premium-quality private brand. Member’s Mark prducts are exclusive designs that use tp-f-the-line materials and the highest quality ingredients t make sure yu get the best quality and value at members-nly prices.
ENVIRONMENT
We reduce csts by maintaining a simple shpping envirnment, ften displaying ur merchandise n shipping deck s we can mve new items in just as quickly as they mve ut. Besides, Many clubs include sustainable features such as day-lighting with skylights, night dimming, central energy management, water-cnserving fixtures, natural cncrete flrs and recycling.
BENEFIT
Sam’s Club als prvides a variety f member benefits such as free shipping n mst items fr ur Plus Members alng with Cash Rewards, early shpping, savings n medicatins as well as the benefits f ur Club membership. Club members can take advantage f Sam’s Club Credit, Instant Savings, free health screenings, daily “Tastes & Tips” sampling demnstratins and members-nly savings n fuel.
1．B 2．C 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是山姆俱乐部的一些相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据EMPLOYEE部分中的“Apprximately 75 percent f club management was prmted frm hurly psitins.(大约75%的俱乐部管理层是从按小时计算的职位晋升的。)”可知，被升职为管理层人员是按小时支付的职位晋升的。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据BRAND部分中的“Member’s Mark prducts are exclusive designs that use tp-f-the-line materials and the highest quality ingredients t make sure yu get the best quality and value at members-nly prices.(会员的标志产品是独家设计，使用顶级的材料和最高质量的成分，以确保您得到最好的质量和价值在会员唯一的价格。)”可知，山姆俱乐部的成员以会员专用的价格买到会员标志的产品。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据首段“A divisin f Walmart Inc., Sam’s club is the membership warehuse club slutin fr everyday living. Sam’s Club serves millins f members at SamsClub.cm and almst 600 lcatins acrss the U. S. and Puert Ric. Sam’s Club als has lcatins in Brazil, China and Mexic.(山姆俱乐部是沃尔玛公司的一个分支，是会员仓库俱乐部的日常生活解决方案。山姆会员店在SamsClub.cm和遍布美国和波多黎各的近600家分店为数百万会员提供服务。山姆俱乐部在巴西、中国和墨西哥也有分店。)”以及下文表格中的信息可知，本文介绍的是山姆俱乐部的一些信息。故选C项。
4．D 5．D 6．C 7．B
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章通过对作者自年少时到成年后对一辆玩具火车情感变化的描述，表达了他对祖父的思念之情。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“The smth bullet-nse engine with its range and yellw lines and shiny streamlined black tender (车厢) seemed t have cast a spell n me.”（光滑的子弹头发动机，橙色和黄色的线条，闪亮的流线型黑色发动机似乎对我下了魔咒。）和第二段“Tgether the engine and tender measured a little shy f 2 feet—enrmus by the ty train standards f the day. Even better, the 746 had a wrking headlight and smker, and its tender sang high.”（发动机和车厢加在一起差不多有2英尺—按照当时的玩具火车标准，这是巨大的。更好的是，746有一个工作的前灯和吸烟，火车声音响亮。）可知，作者对746玩具火车非常迷恋，认为它非常完美，无以伦比。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead, I had t be cntent with his little Linel plastic, which was SIX INCHES shrter than the 746 and had n headlight, n smker r n sund! ”（相反，我不得不满足于他的小Linel塑料，它比746短6英寸，没有前灯，没有烟头，也没有声音！）可知，在作者看来，这个小Linel 塑料和746相比差得太多，所以稍微有点不满意。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Cmplicated sund systems and cmputer cntrls dminated ty trains. I never gave a lk. My interest in ty trains, I firmly believed, had faded, nr did my admiratin fr the 746, since my grandfather was nt with me. The 746 was never called t mind. ”（复杂的音响系统和电脑控制主导了玩具火车，我根本没看它一眼。我坚信，自从祖父不在我身边，我对玩具火车的兴趣已经消退，我对746的倾慕也没有了，我再也没有想起746。）可知，作者30多岁时，因为祖父不在了，所以他尽量不去回忆过去。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It seemed as if I culd see the sft light in grandfather’s eyes and hear his cheerful laughter.”（我仿佛能看到祖父眼中柔和的光芒，听到他欢快的笑声。）和全文内容可知，文章以746火车玩具为主线，通过对作者自年少时到成年后对它情感变化的描述，表达了作者对童年时期祖父的爱的怀念。故选B。
8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对13000年前的一头乳齿象Fred的象牙的研究和发现。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His tusks (长牙) were recently the subject f a research study tracing the life 13,000 years ag f mastdns (他的象牙最近成为一项研究的主题，该研究追踪了13000年前乳齿象的生活)”和第二段中“By analyzing the chemicals in Fred’s tusks, a team f researchers was able t cnstruct a detailed accunt f his seasnal migratin patterns. Jsh Miller, a paleeclgist (古生态学家) at the University f Cincinnati, is ne f the researchers studying Fred. (通过分析弗雷德象牙中的化学物质，一组研究人员能够详细描述它的季节性迁徙模式。辛辛那提大学的古生态学家乔希·米勒是研究弗雷德的研究人员之一。)”可知，米勒的研究重点是Fred可能的迁徙轨迹。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team particularly fcused their analysis n the variatins in tw elements in the layers: strntium (锶) and xygen. The frmer is the key t understanding where Fred spent his life, while the latter tells us the seasn he was in any particular regin. Then, with sme statistical mdeling, Miller and his team gained insight int the daily recrd f Fred’s behavir ver ten thusand years ag.(研究小组特别关注了两种元素在象牙层中的变化：锶和氧。前者是了解弗雷德在哪里度过一生的关键，而后者则告诉我们他在任何特定地区的季节。然后，通过一些统计模型，米勒和他的团队深入了解了弗雷德一万多年前的日常行为记录。)”可知，研究人员通过对象牙层中特殊化学元素数据的建模来了解乳齿象在古代的行为。故选A项。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词后“when grwing up t be a bther and ften aruses family members’ anger.(当长大后成为一个麻烦，经常引起家人的愤怒)”可推知，与现代的雄性大象一样，Fred成年后变得“令人讨厌”，划线词与Annying同义。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When cmpeting fr mates, mastdns gt int huge battles with their wn natural weapns, sharp tusks. And that was exactly what brught the stry f Fred t an untimely end.(在争夺配偶时，乳齿象用自己的天然武器——锋利的象牙展开了激烈的战斗。而这正是导致弗雷德的故事过早结束的原因。)”可推知，Fred在争夺配偶的战斗中，被其它雄象象牙伤害，导致其死亡。故选C项。
12．C 13．B 14．B 15．B
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学工程学教授马克·雅各布森（Mark Jacbsn）制定了一幅蓝图，希望到2055年，美国将摆脱煤炭、石油、天然气和核能的影响，实现能源无碳化。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“That’s the visin f Mark Jacbsn, a Stanfrd engineering prfessr wh has prduced a state-by-state rad map f hw the cuntry culd rid itself f cal, il, natural gas, and nuclear pwer.(这是斯坦福大学工程学教授马克 · 雅各布森（Mark Jacbsn）的愿景，他制作了一份逐州的路线图，描绘了这个国家如何摆脱煤炭、石油、天然气和核能的影响)”和第二段中“By 2050, Jacbsn expects the natin’s transprtatin netwrk—cars, ships, airplanes—t run n batteries r hydrgen prduced frm electricity.(雅各布森预计，到2050年，美国的交通网络——汽车、轮船和飞机——将以电池或电力产生的氢气为动力)”可知，Mark Jacbsn教授概述一项计划，详细说明美国如何在2050年前实现能源无碳化。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““It has zer chance,” Stephen Brick, an energy fellw with the Chicag Cuncil n Glbal Affairs, says f Jacbsn’s plan. Plitical, regulatry, and scial barriers are huge, especially in a natin where the energy systems—and much f its plitical influence—is rted in the il, gas, and cal industries. (芝加哥全球事务委员会（Chicag Cuncil n Glbal Affairs）的能源研究员斯蒂芬•布里克（Stephen Brick）在谈到雅各布森的计划时表示: “这种可能性为零。”政治、监管和社会障碍是巨大的，尤其是在一个能源体系及其大部分政治影响力都植根于石油、天然气和煤炭行业的国家)”可推知，传统能源系统的坚实基础是从化石燃料向可再生能源转变的主要障碍，故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Scientists and plicymakers may keep arguing abut slutins, but as President pints ut, the natin must cntinue its march tward a clean-energy future—even if it’s nt yet clear hw that will lk in 35 years. “If we dn’t d it,” he said this summer, “nbdy will.”(科学家和政策制定者可能会继续争论解决方案，但正如总统指出的那样，美国必须继续向清洁能源的未来迈进——尽管目前还不清楚35年后情况会如何。“如果我们不这么做，”他今年夏天说，“没人会这么做。”)”可推知，发展清洁能源产业将带动世界市场，故选B。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In just a few decades the United States culd eliminate fssil fuels and rely 100 percent n clean, renewable energy. That’s the visin f Mark Jacbsn, a Stanfrd engineering prfessr wh has prduced a state-by-state rad map f hw the cuntry culd rid itself f cal, il, natural gas, and nuclear pwer.(在短短几十年内，美国就可以消除化石燃料，100% 依赖清洁的可再生能源。这是斯坦福大学工程学教授马克·雅各布森（Mark Jacbsn）的愿景，他制作了一份逐州的路线图，描绘了这个国家如何摆脱煤炭、石油、天然气和核能的影响)”和第二段中“By 2050, Jacbsn expects the natin’s transprtatin netwrk—cars, ships, airplanes—t run n batteries r hydrgen prduced frm electricity.(雅各布森预计，到2050年，美国的交通网络——汽车、轮船和飞机——将以电池或电力产生的氢气为动力)”可知，文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学工程学教授马克·雅各布森（Mark Jacbsn）制定了一幅蓝图，希望到2055年，美国将摆脱煤炭、石油、天然气和核能的影响，实现能源无碳化，B项“无碳化美国的蓝图”适合作文章标题，故选B。
16．C 17．G 18．F 19．A 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了地球变暖正在改变动物的外貌，如嘴巴变大。
16．根据上文“Fr humans, adapting t climate change will mstly be a matter f technlgy. Mre air cnditining, better-designed huses and bigger fld defenses may help mitigate the effects f a warm wrld. (对人类来说，适应气候变化将主要是技术问题。更多的空调、更好设计的房屋和更大的防洪系统可能有助于缓解全球变暖的影响)”可知，人类依靠的是科学技术来适应气候变化。选项C“动物将不得不依靠改变它们的身体或行为（去适应）。”承接上文，说明和人类不同，动物要适应气候变化就只能依靠它们的身体和行为。从而引出下文对于动物适应气候变化发生的变化的讲述，上下文通顺合理。故选C项。
17．空处位于段末应承接上文。上文“In sme species f Australian parrt, fr instance, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. Anther study, this time in Nrth American dark-eyed juncs, anther bird, fund the same pattern. (例如，在一些澳大利亚鹦鹉中，自1871年以来，喙的大小增加了4%到10%。另一项研究，这次是在另一种鸟类北美黑眼鹦鹉中，发现了同样的模式)”列举了一些动物因为天气变暖，喙变大的例子。由此推知，空处承接上文，继续举例。选项G“哺乳动物也有类似的趋势，老鼠、鼩鼱和蝙蝠进化出更大的耳朵、尾巴、腿和翅膀”符合语境，是动物应对天气变化外貌发生变化的例子。故选G项。
18．根据上文“‘Allen’s rule’, named fr Jel Asaph Allen, wh suggested it in 1877, hlds that warm-blded-animals in ht places tend t have larger appendages (附属物) than thse in less ht regins. (“艾伦法则”是以Jel Asaph Allen的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一法则，认为在炎热地区的温血动物往往比在不那么炎热地区的动物有更大的附属物)”可知，炎热地区的温血动物往往长有更大的附属物，这是动物对气候的一种适应，选项F“这种适应性增加了动物相对于其身体体积的表面积，帮助它释放多余的热量。”解释了这种现象的产生原因。下文“Being richly filled with bld vessels, and nt cvered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place fr birds t get rid f heat. Fennec fxes, meanwhile, which are native t the Sahara Desert, have strikingly large ears, especially cmpared with their Arctic cusins.( 喙拥有丰富的血管，没有绝缘羽毛覆盖，是鸟类散热的理想场所。又比如，与它们的北极近亲相比，原产于撒哈拉沙漠的芬内克狐狸有着惊人的大耳朵)”举例说明动物的这种适应性。上下文通顺合理。故选F项。
19．根据下文“The team cmbined data frm different species in different places. (她的团队综合了来自不同地方不同物种的数据)”可知，团队综合了更多地方的数据，选项A“然而，从更大的角度来看，形式更清晰。”说明观察更多会更清楚地看到这种模式，符合语境，上下文通顺合理。故选A项。
20．根据下文“That may change as warming accelerates. Since any evlutinary adaptatin cmes with trade-ffs (妥协), it is unclear hw far the prcess might g. (随着气候变暖的加速，这种情况可能会改变。由于任何进化适应都会进行利弊权衡，因此尚不清楚这一过程会走多远)”可知，未来这种情况的变化，that指代上文提到的情况，选项B“至少就目前而言，增幅很小，从未超过10%。”说明现在的变化情况，上下文合理通顺，下文预测这种情况的发展,，且下文中的“That may change”指代选项B中的增长。故选B项。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．B 31．D 32．C 33．A 34．B 35．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者作为印度来的移民参加加拿大的露营活动的经历。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个孩子第一次体会到野外生活的真正意义。A. attempt企图；B. taste体验；C. prpsal提议；D. target目标。根据下文“what living in the wild really means”可知，这是一个孩子第一次体会到野外生活的真正意义。故选B。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：句意：但作为一个来自印度的移民，我觉得这很奇怪。A. dd奇怪的；B. awkward令人尴尬的；C. amazing令人诧异的；D. rugh粗糙的。根据下文“下文“an activity that I had thught strange fr s many years””可知，作者认为把在野外露营作为成人仪式有点奇怪。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来我26岁了，开始尝试新事物。A. grew生长；B. bserved观察；C. turned达到（一定年龄或时间）；D. recalled回想起。根据下文“26”可知，作者26岁，空格处意为“达到（一定年龄或时间）”。故选C。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：我经历心理健康问题已经有一段时间了，我发现在大自然中可以帮助我冷静下来。A. invlving涉及；B. surviving幸存；C. abandning放弃；D. experiencing经历。根据下文“mental health issues fr quite sme time and I discvered being ut in nature helped me calm dwn.”可知，作者经历遭受心理健康问题的折磨，然后他发现大自然能帮助自己冷静下来。故选D。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：句意：因此，我决定试试露营。A. Overall全部地；B. Mrever此外；C. Smehw以某种方式；D. Therefre因此。根据上文“being ut in nature helped me calm dwn.”和下文“I decided t try camping”可知，因此，作者决定试试露营。故选D。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：句意：然后，我无意中听到了父亲和母亲之间的对话。A. argument争论；B. debate辩论；C. cnversatin对话；D. quarrel吵架。根据下文““Why des she have t d this? Desn’t she knw she can just stay at hme?” my father asked. “This is what Canadian kids d, it’s kay, she’ll be fine!””可知，作者无意中听到了父亲和母亲之间的对话。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就是加拿大孩子做的事，没关系，她会没事的！”我妈妈解释道。A. explained解释；B. insisted坚持；C. prayed祈祷；D. interrupted打断。根据上文“This is what Canadian kids d, it’s kay, she’ll be fine”可知，这是作者妈妈在解释。故选A。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父母不相信我能在野外存活一晚。A. mercy仁慈；B. empathy共鸣；C. faith信念；D. preference偏爱。根据上文“Desn’t she knw she can just stay at hme”可知，父母不相信作者能在野外存活一晚，have n faith in意为“不相信”，固定短语。故选C。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和朋友们在树林里搭起了露营地。A. set up搭建；B. beat dwn打倒；C. drew n利用；D. rse t上升到。根据下文“ur campsite”可知，作者和朋友们在树林里搭起了露营地。故选A。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：时间好像慢了下来。A. sht up射出；B. slwed dwn慢下来；C. brke ut爆发；D. put ff推迟。根据下文“life felt gentler and easier”可知，时间好像慢了下来。故选B。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当白天变成夜晚时，星星出来了，我被头顶上闪烁的灯光惊呆了。A. swinging摇摆的；B. buncing跳跃的；C. rlling旋转的；D. twinkling闪烁的。根据上文“the stars came ut”可知，星星出来了，作者被头顶上闪烁的灯光惊呆了。故选D。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到我们开始收拾东西，我才意识到我对离开感到难过。A. curius好奇的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. upset难过的；D. desperate绝望的。根据上文“Time felt like it _____10_____; life felt gentler and easier. As the day turned int night, the stars came ut and I was amazed by all the_____11_____lights abve me”和下文“t leave”可知，作者在户外感受到了大自然的美好，对离开感到了难过。故选C。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我并不仅仅是简单意义的离开，我完成了一些我几乎没有想过自己会做的事情。A. barely几乎不；B. cnstantly不断地；C. ultimately最终；D. merely仅仅。根据上文“My parents had n_____8_____in me surviving ne night in the wild”可知，作者完成了一些作者几乎没有想过自己会做的事情，空格处意为“几乎不”。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着真正的社区意识离开了，带着对伟大的户外所能提供的真正的感激之情离开了，带着一种完全不同的态度对待一项多年来我一直认为很奇怪的活动。A. fundatin基础；B. appreciatin感激；C. reslutin决心；D. recgnitin认可。根据上文“I wasn’t just leaving, having accmplished smething I _____13_____thught I wuld d”和下文“what the great utdrs had t ffer”可知，作者完成了一些几乎没有想过自己会做的事情，因此是带着对伟大的户外所能提供的一切表示感激。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着真正的社区意识离开了，带着对伟大的户外所能提供的真正的感激之情离开了，带着一种完全不同的态度对待一项多年来我一直认为很奇怪的活动。A. cntrast对比；B. attitude态度；C. pririty优先事项；D. expsure暴露。根据下文“an activity that I had thught strange fr s many years”可知，作者对露营这种活动有了不同的态度。故选B。
36．becming 37．the
38．n 39．which 40．lss 41．daring 42．is celebrated 43．t be 44．hw 45．perseverance
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了世界上最伟大的探险家Shackletn的故事。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：沙克尔顿于1874年出生于爱尔兰，16岁时离开学校，然后加入了西北航运公司，并于1898年成为一名船长。分析句子可知，“(becme) a master mariner in 1898.”在句中作结果状语，becme(成为)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Shackletn之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词表示主动。故填becming。
37．考查冠词。句意：在担任“耐力号”船长之前，沙克尔顿曾陪同罗伯特·斯科特参加“发现号”探险队，并带领了“宁录号”探险队，这两支探险队都去了南极洲。根据ship后同位语Endurance可知，特指“耐力号”，用定冠词the限定。故填the。
38．考查介词。句意：在担任“耐力号”船长之前，沙克尔顿曾陪同罗伯特·斯科特参加“发现号”探险队，并带领了“宁录号”探险队，这两支探险队都去了南极洲。accmpany 是固定搭配，意为“陪伴……做……”。故填n。
39．考查定语从句。句意：在担任“耐力号”船长之前，沙克尔顿曾陪同罗伯特·斯科特参加“发现号”探险队，并带领了“宁录号”探险队，这两支探险队都去了南极洲。分析句子可知，空格后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Discvery expeditin和the Nimrd expeditin，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作bth f后的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。
40．考查名词。句意：虽然这次探险失败了，但由于沙克尔顿勇敢的救援任务，没有人丧生。提示词作there be句型中的主语，用名词lss，结合系动词was可知，主语是单数名词。故填lss。
41．考查形容词。句意：虽然这次探险失败了，但由于沙克尔顿勇敢的救援任务，没有人丧生。提示词作定语修饰名词词组rescue missin，用同根形容词daring，意为“大胆的，无畏的”。故填daring。
42．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：沙克尔顿被誉为世界上最伟大的探险家之一，“耐力号”探险的故事被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的救援任务。celebrate(颂扬，歌颂)是句中谓语动词，与主语Shackletn之间是被动关系，陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是专有名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式。故填is celebrated。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：沙克尔顿被誉为世界上最伟大的探险家之一，“耐力号”探险的故事被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的救援任务。sb./sth. be said t d...是固定句型，意为“据说某人/某事……”，用不定式作主语补足语。故填t be。
44．考查宾语从句。句意：它使人们思考勇气和毅力是如何帮助我们克服巨大的逆境的。根据句子可知，“ the characteristics f curage and (persevere) can help t situatins f great adversity.”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“如何”，用连接副词hw引导该宾语从句，且在句中作方式状语。故填hw。
45．考查名词。句意：它使人们思考勇气和毅力是如何帮助我们克服巨大的逆境。提示词与名词curage是并列关系，用名词perseverance作宾语，意为“毅力”，抽象名词不可数。故填perseverance。
46．The Artificial Intelligence (AI) era has quietly cme. On the ne hand, AI can help us t finish sme tedius and repetitive tasks. On the ther hand, it als brings us sme wrries. Fr example, AI may replace human labr in sme fields, leading t unemplyment.
In my pinin, we shuld make full use f the advantages f AI and try t reduce its disadvantages. We shuld als pay attentin t the develpment f AI and make sure it is used in a reasnable way. Only in this way can we make the mst f AI and benefit frm it.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。人工智能时代已悄然来临，随处可见的人工智能让生活越来越便利的同时也带来许多困惑。要求考生给英语报写一篇投稿，陈述其利弊并表明个人态度。
【详解】1.词汇积累
帮助：help → assist
任务：task → assignment
取代：replace → take the place f
充分利用：make full use f → make the best f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Fr example, AI may replace human labr in sme fields, leading t unemplyment.
拓展句：Fr example, AI may replace human labr in sme fields, which will lead t unemplyment.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We shuld als pay attentin t the develpment f AI and make sure it is used in a reasnable way. (运用了省略that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Only in this way can we make the mst f AI and benefit frm it. (运用了倒装句型)
47．My mind was playing Pingpng. His ld and black shes flashed thrugh my mind. But my gaze again fell n the brand new Penny Lafers. I was fascinated by these gleaming shes and culdn’t take my eyes ff them. I was abut t spend all my ten dllars n them when I recllected Dad’s wrn-ut shes. The gleam f the lafers started t dull. I tk shes f my dad’s size frm the clearance rack and darted t the checkut cunter.
I ran back t the shp and put Dad’s new shes n the seat in his car. The mment we gt in the car Dad picked up the bx. When he pened it he just stared withut saying a wrd. A mixture f guilt and delight came frm the bttm f my heart. He lked first at the shes and then at me. “I thught yu need a new pair f shes mre than I d.” I brke the silence. Dad put his hand n my shulder and we sat lking at each ther fr a mment. Nthing else was said. Dad started the car and we went hme.
【导语】本文以新鞋子为线索展开，讲述了作者想要买一双自己喜欢的新鞋子，向父亲要钱买，父亲答应让他看看其他同学的鞋子，如果他的的鞋子比别人的更差，就给他买新鞋。作者看到，事实是，其他同学的鞋子更差，但是却想隐瞒实情，还是想向父亲要钱买双新鞋子。父亲给了他钱，此时，他看到父亲脚上穿的鞋，是修补过的鞋底和拼接起来的鞋带。当作者走到商店的时候，开始思想斗争，最终他给艰苦工作的父亲买了一双新鞋的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我的心在打乒乓。”可知，第一段可描写作者见到新鞋子时，对新鞋子的喜爱，而后开始思想斗争，最终用爸爸给的钱为爸爸买了双新鞋。
②由第二段首句内容“我跑回商店，把爸爸的新鞋放在他汽车的座位上。”可知，第二段可描写爸爸发现孩子是给自己买的鞋，表现惊讶，以及作者此时的内疚与喜悦的心情。
2.续写线索：被新鞋吸引——想起父亲的鞋——买走——拿起（发现）——惊讶——内疚和喜悦
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.想起：recllect/remember/recall
②.拿起：pick up/take up
情绪类
①.被吸引的：be fascinated/be deeply attracted
②.喜悦：delight/happiness/jy
【点睛】[高分句型1]. The mment we gt in the car Dad picked up the bx. (由时间名词the mment作连词引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]. Dad put his hand n my shulder and we sat lking at each ther fr a mment. (非谓语动词现在分词作伴随状语)