福建省厦门第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题（解析版）

这是一份福建省厦门第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the wman prbably d later?
A. See her grandma. B. Ck ndles. C. Wash the pt.
2. What clr may the new curtains be?
A. Green. B. Yellw. C. Blue.
3. What time is the man likely t get the package?
A. Befre 6:00 pm. B. At 7:00 pm. C. After 8:00 pm.
4. Wh will return the bks?
A. Jenny. B. Carl. C. Kate.
5. Hw did Janet find the trip?
A. Tiring. B. Exciting. C. Disappinting.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Hw much d the meals cst?
A. 100 dllars. B. 260 dllars. C. 660 dllars.
7. What will the man d tnight?
A. See sme friends. B. Keep the luggage. C. Leave fr Lndn.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What day is it tday?
A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday.
9. What des the man want t buy?更多优质滋元可 家 威杏 MXSJ663 A. Tys. B. Clthes. C. Beef.
10. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Custmer and shpkeeper. B. Father and daughter. C. Husband and wife.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. At a tailr shp. B. In a fitness club. C. On a sprts field.
12. What attracts the wman mst?
A. Persnal guidance. B. Health assessment. C. Quality equipment.
13. Which membership des the wman chse?
A. One mnth. B. Half a year. C. One year.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why des Alice cme tday?
A. T inquire abut a schlarship. B. T ask fr a recmmendatin. C. T hand in an applicatin.
15. Which is a requirement fr this schlarship?
A. Being a junir. B. Being a freigner. C. A GPA higher than 3.9.
16. What des the man think f Alice’s chance f winning the schlarship?
A. Fairly slim. B. Fifty-fifty. C. Pretty high.
17. When might Alice get the feedback?
A Tmrrw mrning. B. Befre the weekend. C. Next week.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What des Ann d?
A. A nurse. B. An fficer. C. A stewardess.
19. What helped Ann sense details?
A. Passengers’ demands. B. Her medical backgrund. C. Her apprach t wrk.
20. What des the speaker mainly talk abut?
A. Her duble life. B. Her vlunteer experience. C. Her childhd dream.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
FIVE UNUSUAL SPORTS
What sprts are yu int? Ftball? Tennis? Swimming? If yu’re lking fr a change, yu might like t try ne f these.
Octpush
Octpush (r underwater hckey as it’s als knwn) is a frm f hckey that’s played in a swimming pl. Participants wear a mask and snrkel and try t mve a puck (水球) acrss the bttm f a pl. The sprt has becme ppular in cuntries such as the UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Suth Africa. An ability t hld yur breath fr lng perids f time is a definite plus.
Zbmbing
Zbmbing invlves riding a children’s bike dwn a steep hill. The sprt riginated in the US city f Prtland in Oregn in 2002. Participants carry their bikes n the MAX Light Rail and g t the Washingtn Park statin next t Oregn Z (which is why it’s called “zbmbing”). Frm there, they take a lift t the surface, and then ride the mini-bikes dwn the hills in the area.
Office Chair Racing
Office Chair Racing cnsists f racing dwn a hill in ffice chairs that can reach speeds f up t 30kph. Strict rules are in place fr cmpetitrs: they’re allwed t fit in-line skate wheels and handles t their chairs, but n mtrs. “We check each chair carefully in advance,”ne f the rganizers explained. The participants race in pairs wearing prtective padding as they launch themselves frm a ramp (坡道). Prizes are given t the fastest cmpetitrs and als fr the best-designed chairs.
Fit 4 Drums
Fit 4 Drums is a new frm f cardi-rhythmic exercise. Led by an instructr, the class invlves beating a specially-designed drum with tw sticks while dancing at the same time. It’s the first grup fitness activity where yu get t play a drum while getting an intense wrkut. A sense f rhythm is a definite advantage!
Hrse Barding
Hrse Barding invlves being twed behind a hrse at 35mph n an ff-rad skatebard. Prfessinal stuntman Daniel Fwler Prime invented the sprt after he strung a rpe between his ff-rad “muntain bard” and a hrse. Participants stand n a bard while hlding nt a rpe, attempting t maintain their balance as the hrse gallps (疾驰) ahead. “The hrse rider and the hrse have t wrk tgether because if they dn’t, the hrse ges flying,”Daniel explained.
S, which sprt wuld yu like t try?
1. What d yu need t d if yu want t play Octpush?
A. Swim n the surface f the water.B. Hld yur breath befre the sprt.
C. Play it by the side f the seashre.D. Wear underwater breathing devices.
2. Which activity will yu chse if yu want t take part in cllective fitness?
A. ZbmbingB. Office Chair Racing
C. Fit 4 DrumsD. Hrse Barding
3. What prverb des Hrse Barding tell us?
A. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.
B. Never let yur feet run faster than yur shes.
C. The bigger they cme, the harder they fall.
D. Every chess master was nce a beginner.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了五种不同寻常的运动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Octpush中“Participants wear a mask and snrkel and try t mve a puck (水球) acrss the bttm f a pl. (参与者戴着面具，戴着通气管，试着泳池底部移动一个冰球。)”可知，如果你想玩Octpush，你需要佩戴水下呼吸装置。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fit 4 Drums中“Fit 4 Drums is a new frm f cardi-rhythmic exercise. Led by an instructr, the class invlves beating a specially-designed drum with tw sticks while dancing at the same time. It’s the first grup fitness activity where yu get t play a drum while getting an intense wrkut. A sense f rhythm is a definite advantage!(Fit 4 Drums是一种有节奏的有氧运动。在教练的带领下，该课程包括用两根棍子敲击一个专门设计的鼓，同时跳舞。这是第一项集体健身活动，你可以在进行高强度锻炼的同时打鼓。有节奏感是绝对的优势！)”可知，如果你想参加集体健身，应该选择Fit 4 Drums。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Hrse Barding中“The hrse rider and the hrse have t wrk tgether because if they dn’t, the hrse ges flying.(骑手和马必须合作，因为如果他们不合作，马就会飞起来。)”可知，Hrse Barding告诉我们“不要让你的脚跳得比你的鞋子快”，说明运动中必须合作一致。故选B项。
B
Eliana Yi dreamed f pursuing pian perfrmance in cllege, never mind that her fingers culd barely reach the length f an ctave (八度音阶). Unable t fully play many wrks by Rmantic-era cmpsers, including Beethven and Brahms, she tried anyway — and in her determinatin t spend hurs practicing ne f Chpin’s cmpsitins which is knwn fr being “stretchy”, wund up injuring herself.
“I wuld just g t pieces,” the Suthern Methdist University junir recalled. “There were just t many ctaves. I wndered whether I was just ging t play Bach and Mzart fr the rest f my life.”
The effrts f SMU keybard studies chair Carl Lene are changing all that. Twenty years ag, the schl became the first majr university in the U.S. t incrprate smaller keybards int its music prgram, leveling the playing field fr Yi and ther pian majrs.
Yi reflected n the first time she tried ne f the smaller keybards: “I remember being really excited because my hands culd actually reach and play all the right ntes,” she said. Ever since, “I haven’t had a single injury, and I can practice as lng as I want.”
Fr decades, few questined the size f the cnventinal pian. If smene’s hand span was less than 8.5 inches — the distance cnsidered ideal t cmfrtably play an ctave — well, that’s just hw it was.
Thse wh attempt “stretchy” passages either get used t mitting ntes r risk tendn (腱) injury with repeated play. Lene is familiar with such challenges. Brn int a family f jazz musicians, she instead favred classical music and pursued pian despite her small hand span and earned a dctrate in musical arts.
A few years after jining SMU’s music faculty in 1996, the decrated pianist read an article in Pian and Keybard magazine abut the smaller keybards. As Lene wuld later write, the discvery wuld cmpletely renew her life and career.
In 2000, she received a grant t retrfit a department Steinway t accmmdate a smaller keybard, and the benefits were immediate. In additin t relieving injury caused by verextended fingers, she said, it gave thse with smaller spans the ability t play classic cmpsitins taken fr granted by larger-handed cunterparts.
Smaller keybards instill many with new cnfidence. It’s nt their wn limitatins that have held them back, they realize; it’s the limitatins f the instruments themselves. Fr thse devted t a life f making music, it’s as if a clud has suddenly lifted.
4. What is the similarity between Eliana Yi and Carl Lene?
A. Their interest in jazz extended t classical music.
B. Shrt hand span used t restrict their music career.
C. They bth jined SMU’s music faculty years ag.
D. Rmantic-era cmpsers’ music was easy fr them.
5. Why did SMU initiate an effrt t scale dwn the pian?
A. T reduce the number f ctaves.
B. T incrprate Bach int its music prgram.
C. T prvide fair pprtunities fr pian majrs.
D. T encurage pianists t spend mre hurs practicing.
6. Hw did Yi prbably feel when she played the retrfitted pian?
A. Cnfident.B. Frustrated.C. Challenging.D. Determined.
7. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A. Wh Qualifies as an Ideal Pianist?
B. Traditinal r Innvative Pian?
C. Hard-wrking Pianists Pays ff
D. The Stry behind Retrfitted Pians
【答案】4 B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了南方卫理公会大学的音乐系教授Carl Lene如何引入小钢琴键盘来改变钢琴教育的现状和Eliana Yi使用小钢琴键盘的经历。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Eliana Yi dreamed f pursuing pian perfrmance in cllege, never mind that her fingers culd barely reach the length f an ctave (八度音阶).( Eliana Yi在大学时梦想着从事钢琴演奏，尽管她的手指几乎达不到一个八度音程的长度。)”以及第二段中““I wuld just g t pieces,” the Suthern Methdist University junir recalled. “There were just t many ctaves. I wndered whether I was just ging t play Bach and Mzart fr the rest f my life.”(“我会崩溃，”这位南卫理公会大学的大三学生回忆说。“八度太多了。我想知道我的余生是否只会演奏巴赫和莫扎特。”)”以及第六段中“Lene is familiar with such challenges. Brn int a family f jazz musicians, she instead favred classical music and pursued pian despite her small hand span and earned a dctrate in musical arts.( Lene Lene对这些挑战很熟悉。她出生在一个爵士音乐家的家庭，但她更喜欢古典音乐，并且尽管她的手指距离较小，她还是选择了追求钢琴，并获得了音乐艺术博士学位。)”可知，短手距限制了她们的音乐事业，这是Eliana Yi和Carl Lene之间的相似之处。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Twenty years ag, the schl became the first majr university in the U.S. t incrprate smaller keybards int its music prgram, leveling the playing field fr Yi and ther pian majrs.( 20年前，该校成为美国第一所将小型键盘纳入音乐课程的主要大学，为Yi和其他钢琴专业的学生创造了公平的竞争环境。)”可知，SMU将将小型键盘纳入音乐课程是为Yi和其他钢琴专业的学生创造了公平的竞争环境。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Smaller keybards instill many with new cnfidence. It’s nt their wn limitatins that have held them back, they realize; it’s the limitatins f the instruments themselves. (更小的键盘给许多人注入了新的信心。他们意识到，阻碍他们前进的不是他们自身的局限；这是仪器本身的局限性。)”可知，当她弹奏这架改装过的钢琴时，她感觉到非常有信心。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了南方卫理公会大学的音乐系教授Carl Lene如何引入小钢琴键盘来改变钢琴教育的现状。过去，人们对于传统钢琴的尺寸几乎没有质疑，导致手指长度不够的人无法舒适地演奏八度音阶。然而，通过引入小钢琴键盘，这些人可以更轻松地演奏，并且不再受到手指过度伸展而导致的伤害。这一改变不仅让那些手指长度较短的人有了更多的机会演奏经典作品，也给他们带来了新的信心和动力。D选项“The Stry behind Retrfitted Pians(改装钢琴背后的故事)”概括文章主要内容。故选D。
C
The curb cut (路缘坡). It’s a cnvenience that mst f us rarely, if ever, ntice. Yet, withut it, daily life might be a lt harder—in mre ways than ne. Pushing a baby strller nt the curb, skatebarding nt a sidewalk r taking a full grcery cart frm the sidewalk t yur car—all these tasks are easier because f the curb cut.
But it was created with a different purpse in mind.
It’s hard t imagine tday, but back in the 1970s, mst sidewalks in the United States ended with a sharp drp-ff. That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance. Accrding t ne disability rights leader, a six-inch curb “might as well have been Munt Everest”. S, activists frm Berkeley, Califrnia, wh als needed wheelchairs, rganized a campaign t create tiny ramps at intersectins t help peple dependent n wheels mve up and dwn curbs independently.
I think abut the “curb cut effect” a lt when wrking n issues arund health equity (公平). The first time I even heard abut the curb cut was in a 2017 Stanfrd Scial Innvatin Review piece by Plicy Link CEO Angela Blackwell. Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as “a zer-sum game (零和游戏)” and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a “prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.” What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that “when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.”
There are multiple examples f this principle at wrk. Fr example, investing in plicies that create mre living-wage jbs r increase the availability f affrdable husing certainly benefits peple in cmmunities that have limited ptins. But, the actin als empwers thse peple with pprtunities fr better health and the means t becme cntributing members f sciety—and that benefits everyne. Even the ftball huddle (密商) was initially created t help deaf ftball players at Gallaudet Cllege keep their game plans secret frm ppnents wh culd have read their sign language. Tday, it’s used by every team t prevent the ppnent frm learning abut game-winning strategies.
S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.
8. What des the underlined qute frm the disability rights leader imply cncerning a six-inch curb?
A. It is an unfrgettable symbl.B. It is an impassable barrier.
C. It is an imprtant sign.D. It is an impressive landmark.
9. Accrding t Angela Blackwell, what d many peple believe?
A. It’s nt wrthwhile t prmte health equity.
B. It’s necessary t g all ut t help the disabled.
C. It’s impssible t have everyne treated equally.
D. It’s fair t give the disadvantaged mre help than thers.
10. Which f the fllwing examples best illustrates the “curb cut effect” principle?
A. Spaceflight designs are applied t life n earth.
B. Fur great inventins f China spread t the west.
C. Christpher Clumbus discvered the new wrld.
D. Classic literature gt translated int many languages.
11. What cnclusin can be drawn frm the passage?
A. Caring fr disadvantaged grups may finally benefit all.
B. Actin empwers thse with pprtunities fr better slutins.
C. Sciety shuld create circumstances that get everyne invlved.
D. Everyday items are riginally invented fr peple in need f help.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要通过“路缘坡效应”讲述了当社会为弱势群体创造便利时，可能也会同时帮助其他群体，从而惠及所有人。
【8题详解】
短语猜测题。根据第三段中画线词前一句“That was a big deal fr peple in wheelchairs because there were n ramps t help them mve alng city blcks withut assistance.(对于坐轮椅的人来说，这是一件大事，因为没有坡道可以帮助他们在没有帮助的情况下沿着城市街区移动。)”可知，在没有坡道时，坐轮椅的人没有办法上下路缘，这里一位残疾人权益领导说一个六英尺高的路缘“might as well have been Munt Everest”，即相当于珠穆朗玛峰，由此可推测出，这暗示了一个六英尺高的路缘对坐轮椅的人来说是一个难以通过的障碍。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Blackwell rightly nted that many peple see equity as ‘a zer-sum game(零和游戏)’ and that it is cmmnly believed that there is a ‘prejudiced scietal suspicin that intentinally supprting ne grup hurts anther.’(Blackwell正确地指出，许多人将公平视为‘零和游戏’，人们普遍认为存在‘有成见的社会怀疑：故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。’)”可知，许多人认为公平是“零和游戏”，即一方的收益必然造成另一方的损失，他们普遍认为故意支持一个群体会伤害另一个群体。由此可推测出，许多人认为公平对待所有人是不可能的。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“What the curb cut effect shws thugh, Blackwell said, is that ‘when sciety creates the circumstances that allw thse wh have been left behind t participate and cntribute fully, everyne wins.’(不过，Blackwell说，路缘坡效应表明，‘当社会创造环境，让那些落后的人能够充分参与并做出贡献时，每个人都会赢。’)”可知，路缘坡效应表明，当社会创造环境，让那些落后的人能够充分参与并做出贡献时，每个人都会赢。结合四个选项可知，代表先进技术中国四大发明传入当时条件落后的西方，让西方国家学习到了新技术，同时为欧洲人开辟新航路、打开世界市场提供了条件，从而给整个世界带来了改变，这是共赢的局面。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，最后一段“S, next time yu crss the street, r rll yur suitcase thrugh a crsswalk r ride yur bike directly nt a sidewalk—think abut hw much the curb cut, that change in design that brke dwn walls f exclusin fr ne grup f peple at a disadvantage, has helped nt just that grup, but all f us.(所以，下次你过马路，或者把行李箱推过人行横道，或者直接骑自行车上人行道时，想想路缘坡，这种设计上的改变打破了对弱势群体的排斥，不仅帮助了这一群体，也帮助了我们所有人。)”进行了总结，路缘坡这种设计不仅帮助了弱势群体，也帮助了所有人，这就是“路缘坡效应”，当我们关心弱势群体时，也可能最后让所有人受益。故选A。
D
Casting blame is natural: it is tempting t fault smene else fr a mistake rather than taking respnsibility yurself. But blame is als harmful. It makes it less likely that peple will wn up t mistakes, and thus less likely that rganizatins can learn frm them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mm and dad’s punishment if they admit t wrngding, in a blaming envirnment, emplyees are afraid f criticism and punishment if they acknwledge making a mistake at wrk. Blame culture asks, “wh drpped the ball?” instead f “where did ur systems and prcesses fail?” The fcus is n the individuals, nt the prcesses. It’s much easier t pint fingers at a persn r department instead f ding the harder, but the mre beneficial, exercise f fixing the rt cause, in which case the prblem des nt happen again.
The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. It riginated in rganizatins where tiny errrs can have catastrphic (灾难性的) cnsequences. These are knwn as high reliability rganizatins (HROs) and include hspitals, submarines and airlines. Because errrs can be s disastrus in these rganizatins, it’s dangerus t perate in an envirnment where emplyees dn’t feel able t reprt errrs that have been made r raise cncerns abut that deficiencies may turn int future errrs. The N Blame Culture maximizes accuntability because all cntributins t the event ccurring are identified and reviewed fr pssible change and imprvement.
The Natinal Transprtatin Safety Bard (NTSB), which supervises air traffic acrss the United States, makes it clear that its rle is nt t assign blame r liability but t find ut what went wrng and t issue recmmendatins t avid a repeat. The prud recrd f the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects n-blame prcesses fr investigating crashes and clse calls. The mtive t learn frm errrs als exist when the risks are lwer. That is why sftware engineers and develpers rutinely investigate what went wrng if a website crashes r a server ges dwn.
There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea f the “just culture”, a framewrk develped in the 1990s by James Reasn, a psychlgist, addresses the cncern that the incmpetent and the malevlent (恶意的) will be let ff the hk. The line that Britain’s aviatin regulatr draws between hnest errrs and the ther srt is a gd starting-pint. It prmises a culture in which peple “are nt punished fr actins r decisins taken by them that match with their experience and training”. That narrws rm fr blame but des nt remve it entirely.
12. Accrding t the research published in 2015, cmpanies that ______ had better perfrmance.
A. blamed external factrsB. admitted their mistakes
C. cnducted investigatinsD. punished the under perfrmers
13. Accrding t the passage, what d yu learn abut the N Blame Culture?
A. It encurages the early disclsure f errrs.
B. It nly exists in high reliability rganizatins.
C. It enables peple t shift the blame nt thers.
D. It prevents rganizatins frm making any errr.
14. What is the majr cncern abut embracing blamelessness accrding t the passage?
A. Inncent peple might take the blame by admitting their failure.
B. Being blamed fr mistakes can destry trust in emplyees.
C. The line between hnest errrs and the ther srt is nt clear.
D. Peple wn’t learn their lessns if they aren’t blamed fr failures.
15. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Why We Fail t Learn frm Our Own Mistakes
B. Hw t Avid Disastrus Errrs in Organizatins
C. Why We Shuld Stp the Blame Game at Wrk
D. Hw t Deal with Wrkplace Blame Culture
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了工作中的责备问题，说明工作中不能一味地指责别人。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves. (2015年发表的研究表明，那些经理们指出外部因素来解释自己失败的公司表现不如那些自责的公司。)”可知，研究表明，承认自己错误的公司业绩更好。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. (引入‘无责备文化’，确保员工尽早指出错误和不足。)”可知，“无责备文化”就是鼓励及早披露错误。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved. (人们显然对信奉无可指责感到担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办？毕竟，有时候，受到责备是罪有应得。)”可知，对于信奉无可指责的担忧是如果人们不因失败而受到责备，他们就不会吸取教训。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Casting blame is natural: it is tempting t fault smene else fr a mistake rather than taking respnsibility yurself. (责备别人是很自然的：人们总是倾向于把错误归咎于别人，而不是自己承担责任。但是责备也是有害的。)”等内容可知，本文讨论了工作中的责备问题，说明工作中不能一味地指责别人。选项C“为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责游戏”符合主题，故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Yu’ve reached that special time — yu are getting ready t leave yur jb and mve n t the next step in yur career. But the end f an emplyment relatinship is nt necessarily the end f the relatinship — with either the leader r the cmpany. ____16____
I learned this relatively early in my career. At first, I was cncerned I might lse my relatinship with my nw frmer bss, as I truly liked him.____17____My bss enthusiastically stayed in tuch with me, and I helped him nbard my replacement and cnsulted n ther prjects. And nw, mre than 2 decades since I left, we are still in cmmunicatin and friends.
That isn’t t say it always ges like this. When I left anther rle, in spite f my desire t maintain cmmunicatin, my frmer supervisr seemed indifferent and the relatinship ended. Smetimes yur bss was a nightmare and yu want t end the relatinship. ____18____ Yu dn’t we the bad bsses anything. That’s exactly what I did when I was fired frm a freelance rle after I asked t be paid fr my cmpleted wrk!
But fr the gd bsses and rganizatins, the nes that invested in yur talent and celebrated yur achievements, things are different. ____19____ The breakup can becme a breakthrugh.
____20____ Especially when yu have a truly delightful and respectful bss, yu may feel guilt, sadness, r regret. But yur verall respnsibility is t yurself and yur career — nt t ne rganizatin. And given the right circumstances, it is almst always pssible — and usually beneficial — t leave gracefully.
A. But it turned ut I had n reasn t fear.
B. S the way I left cntributed t this breakup.
C. It’s cmpletely understandable nt t engage further.
D. It is nrmal t have mixed emtins when yu leave a jb.
E. Here are sme ways t build a win-win with yur frmer leader.
F. The cncusin f the emplyment can start a new era f cperatin.
G. Yu can leave yur cmpany and keep the relatinship at the same time.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. C 19. F 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者结合自身经历说明离职并不一定意味着与前公司和前老板断绝联系，对于好的公司和老板，离职后也可以保持联系，有时也可以是一个新领域的合作。
【16题详解】
根据上一句“But the end f an emplyment relatinship is nt necessarily the end f the relatinship — with either the leader r the cmpany.(但是，雇佣关系的结束并不一定意味着关系的结束——无论是与领导还是与公司)”可知，离职不一定意味着与公司和领导不再来往，G项“你可以离开你的公司，同时保持这段关系”与上句语义一致，符合语境。故选G项。
【17题详解】
上文“At first, I was cncerned I might lse my relatinship with my nw frmer bss, as I truly liked him.(起初，我担心我可能会失去我和我现在的前任老板的关系，因为我真的很喜欢他)”提到，作者离职时担心会和领导断了联系，结合下文“My bss enthusiastically stayed in tuch with me(我的老板热情地和我保持联系)”可知，作者起初的担心完全没有必要，A项“但事实证明，我没有理由担心”符合语境。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据本段首句“That isn’t t say it always ges like this.(这并不是说它总是这样)”可知，本段讲述与上文相反的情况，即离职后不再和老板保持联系，结合空前一句“Smetimes yur bss was a nightmare and yu want t end the relatinship.(有时候你的老板是个噩梦，你想结束这段关系)”可知，如果老板是个噩梦，离职时不再与老板联系是正常的，C项“不进一步接触是完全可以理解的”符合语境。故选C项。
【19题详解】
根据空前一句“But fr the gd bsses and rganizatins, the nes that invested in yur talent and celebrated yur achievements, things are different.(但是对于好的老板和公司来说，那些投资你的才能并庆祝你的成就的老板和公司，事情就不一样了)”可知，本段与上文是转折关系，讲述从好公司离职后的情况，结合空后“The breakup can becme a breakthrugh.(终结可以是一种突破)”可知，F项“雇佣关系的结束可以开启一个新领域的合作”符合语境。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据空后一句“Especially when yu have a truly delightful and respectful bss, yu may feel guilt, sadness, r regret.(特别是当你有一个真正令人愉快、尊重你的老板时，你可能会感到内疚、悲伤或后悔)”可知，D项“当你离开一份工作时，有复杂的情绪是很正常的”符合语境。D项中的“mixed emtins”呼应下一句中的“guilt, sadness, r regret”。故选D项。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
While ding sme cleaning in my kitchen, I nticed a tiny black pellet(小球)n the shelf. Geck(壁虎)drpping, I ___21___. There must be a baby geck here.
There are lts f gecks here in the Desert Suthwest. I’d ___22___ the habit f checking the ven and dishwasher befre I turned them n. I didn’t want ne f the little guys t get ___23___.
Nevertheless, the ven r the dishwasher wasn’t the biggest ___24___ fr a geck inside a hme. It was ___25___. A geck trapped in a huse wuldn’t find enugh bugs t eat. I didn’t want that t happen t my current visitr. But t save him, I had t find him first. And that wuld be ___26___.
I searched everywhere in the ___27___, but useless. Suddenly, a picture flashed in my mind: a pile f ___28___. “Yes, I knw where that is!”I have a basket that hlds my cllectin f ddly shaped r uniquely clured stnes, which caught my eye. Ever s carefully, I ___29___ ne stne, then anther—until I ____30____ a tiny yellw tail!
I brught the whle basket utside and left it n the grund, where I ____31____ the baby geck culd find his way hme. When I ____32____ a few hurs later, the little geck was gne.
Nw I ____33____ peek(窥视)inside the dishwasher and the ven befre turning them n. ____34____, I knw I am nt the nly ne lking ut fr gecks. N ____35____ is t small fr us t lve.
21. A. rememberedB. discveredC. thughtD. wished
22. A. apprved fB. sught frC. fed nD. gt int
23. A. fixedB. tuchedC. hurtD. lst
24. A. trubleB. dangerC. failureD. pleasure
25. A. starvatinB. thirstC. climateD. pverty
26. A. differentB. simpleC. interestingD. tugh
27. A. kitchenB. bedrmC. gardenD. lab
28. A. bksB. wdsC. stnesD. bttles
29. A. arrangedB. graspedC. cleanedD. remved
30. A. drppedB. btainedC. spttedD. rescued
31. A. agreedB. hpedC. fearedD. prmised
32. A. cuntedB. checkedC. pickedD. lcked
33. A. evenB. neverC. stillD. already
34. A. NeverthelessB. InsteadC. TherefreD. Otherwise
35. A. placeB. dreamC. humanD. creature
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者家在家的厨房发现壁虎，并尽力帮助它的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为是壁虎的粪球掉下来了。A. remembered记得；B. discvered发现；C. thught想，认为；D. wished希望。根据上文“I nticed a tiny black pellet(小球)n the shelf.”可知，作者认为是壁虎的粪球掉在另外架子上。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我养成了在打开烤箱和洗碗机之前先检查一下的习惯。A. apprved f同意；B. sught fr搜寻；C. fed n以…..为食；D. gt int进入，养成。根据下文“the habit f checking the ven and dishwasher befre I turned them n”可知，作者养成了在打开烤箱和洗碗机之前先检查一下的习惯。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查过去分词词义辨析。句意：我不想让其中一个小家伙受伤。A. fixed 固定的；B. tuched感动的；C. hurt 受伤的；D. lst丢失的。根据“ I’d 2 the habit f checking the ven and dishwasher befre I turned them n.”可知，作者养成了在打开烤箱和洗碗机之前先检查一下的习惯，目的是不想让其中一个小家伙受伤。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，烤箱或洗碗机并不是家里壁虎面临的最大危险。A. truble麻烦；B. danger危险；C. failure失败；D. pleasure快乐。根据上文“I didn’t want ne f the little guys t get ___3___ .”可知，烤箱或洗碗机并不是家里壁虎面临的最大危险。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是饥饿。A. starvatin 饥饿；B. thirst口渴；C. climate气候；D. pverty贫穷。根据下文“A geck trapped in a huse wuldn’t find enugh bugs t eat.”可知，饥饿是壁虎最大的威胁。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将是很艰难的。A. different不同的；B. simple简单的；C. interesting 有兴趣的；D. tugh棘手的，艰难的。根据下文“I searched everywhere in the 7 , but useless.”和常识可知，找到壁虎很难。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在厨房里到处找，但没有用。A. kitchen厨房；B. bedrm卧室；C. garden花园；D. lab实验室。根据上文“While ding sme cleaning in my kitchen”可知，作者在厨房里到处找壁虎。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，我脑海中闪过一幅画面：一堆石头。A. bks书籍；B. wds树林；C. stnes石头； D. bttles瓶子。根据下文“ne stne”可知，作者突然想到了一堆石头。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我非常小心地移走了一块石头，然后又移走了另一块——直到我发现了一条黄色的小尾巴！。A. arranged安排；B. grasped掌握；C. cleaned清理；D. remved移除。根据下文“until I ___10___ a tiny yellw tail!”可知，作者非常小心地移走了一块又一块石头。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我非常小心地移走了一块石头，然后又移走了另一块——直到我发现了一条黄色的小尾巴！。A .drpped掉落；B. btained获得；C. sptted发现；D. rescued援救。根据下文“where I 11 the baby geck culd find his way hme. ”可知，移走石头，作者最后发现了壁虎。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把整个篮子带到外面，放在地上，希望壁虎宝宝能找到回家的路。A. agreed同意；B. hped希望；C. feared害怕； D. prmised承诺。根据上文“I brught the whle basket utside and left it n the grund”可知，作者希望壁虎宝宝能找到回家的路。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个小时后，当我检查时，小壁虎不见了。A. cunted数数；B. checked核对，检查；C. picked捡起；D. lcked锁上。根据下文“a few hurs later，the little geck was gne.”可知，检查时，壁虎不见了。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在，在打开洗碗机和烤箱之前，我仍然会偷看它们的内部。A. even甚至；B. never决不；C. still仍然；D. already已经。根据上文“I’d ___2___ the habit f checking the ven and dishwasher befre I turned them n.”可知，现在，在打开洗碗机和烤箱之前，作者仍然会偷看它们的内部。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我知道我并不是唯一一个在寻找壁虎的人。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Instead而不是；C. Therefre 因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据句意可知，前后为转折关系。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何生物都不会太小而让我们无法去爱。A. place地方；B.dream梦想；C. human人类；D. creature生物。根据常识可知，壁虎是生物。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Marrakech (马拉喀什) is the furth largest city in Mrcc and has a rich architectural heritage. Hwever an earthquake in September caused serius damage ____36____ sme f them in the city.
The Medina district, the ld cultural center f Marrakech, was ne f them. ____37____ (add) t UNESCO’s Wrld Heritage List in 1985, the district is enclsed by 900-year-ld walls built f red sandstne that nce ____38____ (defend) the city against danger. Hwever, large parts f these walls were damaged in the earthquake and lng sectins nw shw deep cracks ____39____ ther parts have cllapsed.
Apart frm ancient walls, Mrcc Wrld News reprted that the city’s Kharbuch Msque (清真寺) was almst ____40____ (entire) destryed. Befre the earthquake, it was a cultural center fr the city ____41____ dancers and strytellers perfrmed. A lcal resident ____42____ (tell) The New Arab that the msque dates back t the 17th century.
After visiting Marrakech ____43____ (fllw) the destructin, Eric Falt, an fficer at UNESCO, stressed that it was necessary t immediately plan fr the ____44____ (cnstruct) f damaged cultural assets (资产). The earthquake’s impact n Marrakech’s cultural heritage _____45_____ (expect) t be a lng-term challenge that will require careful restratin effrts, nted Mrcc Wrld News.
【答案】36. t 37. Added
38. defended
39. while 40. entirely
41. where 42. tld
43. fllwing
44. cnstructin
45. is expected
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了马拉喀什的一些文化遗产在地震中遭到了破坏，包括一些清真寺和文化中心。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：然而，9月份的一场地震对该市的一些建筑造成了严重破坏。cause damage t是固定搭配。故填t。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该地区于1985年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，周围环绕着由红砂岩建造的900年历史的城墙，这些城墙曾经保护城市免受危险。此处为非谓语，动词add和其逻辑主语the district之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作状语。故填Added。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：同上。根据时间状语nce可知，此处定语从句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填defended。
【39题详解】
考查连词。句意：然而，这些墙的大部分在地震中遭到破坏，现在长的裂缝部分现在出现了深深的裂缝，而其他部分已经倒塌。根据句意可知，前后文是对比关系。故填while。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：据《摩洛哥世界新闻》报道，除了古老的城墙外，该市的哈布奇清真寺几乎全部被毁。修饰动词用副词。故填entirely。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：地震前，这里是舞蹈家和说书人表演的城市文化中心。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词a cultural center是地点，应用关系副词where引导，作地点状语。故填where。
【42题详解】
考查时态。句意：一位当地居民告诉《新阿拉伯人报》，这座清真寺的历史可以追溯到17世纪。根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填tld。
【43题详解】
考查现在分词转化的介词。句意：联合国教科文组织官员Eric Falt在毁坏后访问了马拉喀什，强调有必要立即计划重建受损的文化资产。根据句意可知，此处表示“在毁坏之后”，应用其介词形式fllwing表示“在（某事）以后”。故填fllwing。
【44题详解】
考查名词句意：同上。根据前文fr the可知，此处应用名词cnstructin(不可数)作介词宾语。故填cnstructin。
【45题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：《摩洛哥世界新闻》指出，地震对马拉喀什文化遗产的影响预计将是一项长期挑战，需要精心的修复工作。动词expect和主语The earthquake’s impact之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，此处描述现实情况，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是单数，be动词用is，故填is expected。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，得知中国科学技术馆将针对青少年举办一场科技发明大赛，请你写一封邮件邀请同样喜爱科学的外国朋友Peter与你合作，一起参加比赛。内容包括：
1.比赛时间地点；
2.奖励：创新基金；
3.邀请的原因
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】Dear Peter,
I have a piece f gd news fr yu. China Science and Technlgy Museum is ging t hld a technical inventin cmpetitin fr teenagers. It will take place in the museum n July 8th. The prize fr the winner is the innvatin fund, which is really useful fr thse wh need mney t wrk n technical inventins. I knw yu are fnd f science and very creative. This is a gd chance fr yu t shw yur talents and ideas. S wuld yu like t participate in the cmpetitin with me? We can wrk tgether t put ur ideas int practice.
Lking frward t hearing frm yu.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国朋友Peter写一封邮件邀请他与你合作，一起参加中国科学技术馆将针对青少年举办一场科技发明大赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：hld→hst/launch
比赛：cmpetitin→cntest
机会：chance→pprtunity
喜欢：be fnd f→be keen n
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I have a piece f gd news fr yu. China Science and Technlgy Museum is ging t hld a technical inventin cmpetitin fr teenagers.
拓展句：I have a piece f gd news fr yu that China Science and Technlgy Museum is ging t hld a technical inventin cmpetitin fr teenagers.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The prize fr the winner is the innvatin fund, which is really useful fr thse wh need mney t wrk n technical inventins. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】 I knw yu are fnd f science and very creative. (运用了省略that的宾语从句)
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。
A Fur-legged Guardian Angel
Snw had just melted ff the grund that April day at ur huse in Regina Beach, Saskatchewan. I had just cleaned up the pl in preparatin fr selling the huse. The year befre, I had lst my jb with the prvincial gvernment, and nw ur financial situatin was grim. In despair, I had finally put the hme n the market, and a real estate agent was due t shw up later that day. Even wrse, I wuld have t give up my belved Great Dane (大丹犬), Brigitte, because I culd n lnger affrd the cst f feeding it. The thught f lsing the dg and ur beautiful hme was almst mre than I culd bear.
Deep in despair, I sat typing up resumes and cver letters. Out f the crner f my eye I culd see my thirteen-mnth-ld sn, Frrest, as he lay n the carpet, playing near ur big, gentle nanny-dg, Brigitte. It seemed as if Brigitte was always meant t be in this family and she turned ut t be a perfect cmpanin.
Brigitte came t ur huse n Christmas eve when the drbell rang and I was sure sme f my Christmas packages had arrived. I ran t the dr and swung it pen, but n ne was there. I sensed smething and lked dwn, nly t find a beautiful Great Dane sitting there, lking up at me with big, intelligent eyes. There was n way that she culd have rung the drbell by herself, was there? Perhaps, smene had fund the puppy smewhere and left her there, and then rang the drbell and ran away. They accurately guessed I wuld welcme an additinal family member and take care f her.
Thinking f these, I culdn’t help heaving a sigh and went straight back t wrk. Hwever, I hadn’t typed mre than tw sentences when Brigitte began barking furiusly and running back and frth t the sliding glass dr verlking ur pl.
I raced t see what was happening and nticed that the sliding dr was slightly pen. Suddenly, I realized Frrest was nwhere t be seen. In panic, I pened the dr and ran utside.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
There I was surprised t see Brigitte, wh was terrified f water, dive int the pl.
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Finally, the dctr said Frrest was all right and culd be released frm hspital.
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【答案】One pssible versin:
There I was surprised t see Brigitte, wh was terrified f water, dive int the pl. Then t my hrrr, I caught sight f Frrest’s yellw sleeper. Brigitte was bravely ding her best t keep him aflat by hlding n t his sleeper with her muth. At the same time, she was desperately trying t swim t the shallw end. Only then did I realize that Frrest had smehw pened the dr, wandered ut and fallen int the pl. In a split secnd, I dve in, lifted my precius baby ut and carried him inside. Hands shaking, I called 911 and we were rushed t the hspital immediately, where the dctr kept him fr bservatin fr ne night.
Finally, the dctr said Frrest was all right and culd be released frm hspital. Back hme, nce Brigitte saw him, she barked with apparent jy and wuldn’t let Frrest ut f her sight. In time she settled dwn, but remained dedicated t Frrest and fllwed him everywhere, cncerned abut his safety. Even when Frrest was asleep, Brigitte crammed herself under the crib, keeping a vigil. Our dg was indeed an angel, erasing any despair I might have had abut lsing ur hme. A huse culd always be replaced, but knwing we had each ther arund was the greatest blessing f all. I was grateful she was part f ur lives, wh I wuld never give up.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事为线索展开，讲述了作者失业后经济紧张，不得不卖掉房子并放弃爱犬，绝望之中作者一边打简历和求职信一边从眼角余光看着13个月大的儿子和温柔的大狗布丽吉特玩耍，后来孩子不慎掉进了水里，爱犬把孩子救了的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在那里，我惊讶地看到害怕水的布丽吉特跳进了游泳池。”可知，第一段可描写Frrest掉进水里，布丽吉特跳进水里救起了他，以及作者的感受并赶紧把儿子送去了医院。
②由第二段首句内容“最后，医生说福雷斯特没事，可以出院了。”可知，第二段可描写回家后狗和作者的儿子友好相处的场景以及作者的感受并决定不会放弃布丽吉特。
2.续写线索：儿子掉进水里—狗救了孩子—送去医院—狗和孩子友好相处—决定不放弃狗
3.词汇激活
行为类
看见：catch sight f/ clap eyes n
竭尽全力：d ne’s best/try ne’s best
意识到：realize/be aware
情绪类
恐惧的：t ne’s hrrr/t ne’s fright
感激：be grateful/be thankful/be appreciative
【点睛】【高分句型1】Only then did I realize that Frrest had smehw pened the dr, wandered ut and fallen int the pl.（运用了了倒装句和that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】Hands shaking, I called 911 and we were rushed t the hspital immediately, where the dctr kept him fr bservatin fr ne night.（运用了独立主格结构，where引导定语从句）