【语法】备战2024年中考英语语法培优生笔记综合练Chapter 6 名词与冠词 笔记综合练（全国通用）

这是一份【语法】备战2024年中考英语语法培优生笔记综合练Chapter 6 名词与冠词 笔记综合练（全国通用），共1页。


·模块一 名词的分类
·模块二 名词的单复数
·模块三 修饰可数名词的词和词组
·模块四 中考常见不可数名词
·模块五 修饰不可数名词的词和词组
·模块六 名词的所有格
·模块七 名词的性
·模块八 冠词的分类
·模块九 不定冠词的用法
·模块十 定冠词的用法
·模块十一 零冠词的用法
·模块十二 2022、2023年各省市中考真题综合训练
模块一
名词的分类
模块二
名词的单复数
单数变复数的一般规则，请将下列单词变为复数形式：
特殊变化有下列情况:
There are many men dctrs in the department f Obstetrics and Gyneclgy.（妇产科）
♥Attentin♥
man/wman男人、女人双变原则
单复数同形的情况：
The nly means t achieve success is t appeal t law（诉诸法律）.
All means have been tried ut t increase agricultural prductin.
单复数特别用法：
wrd 的特别用法：
★小试身手★
Wrd has it that she is leaving. (wrd has it that 是惯用语用法，表示有消息说，eg. Legend has it that…… 有传说说 【学生版不出现】)
有消息传来
Please send me wrd f yur safe arrival.
通知我
They asked him t leave, in ther wrds, he was fired.
换句话来说
He likes t spread the wrd abut the imprtance f healthy eating.
宣传
★习惯用语★
单复数用法的其他特殊情况：
比较：CDs (CD’s) Sme VIPs (sme VIP’s) In the 1990s (1990’s)
一“S” 之差，谬以千里
固定词组用复数
模块三
修饰可数名词的词和词组
请翻译下列词组：
模块四
中考常见不可数名词
★真题试炼★
选择
In ancient ___C____ peple had t d heavy labur because at that______there were n mdern machines.
A. time, time B. times, times
C. times, time D. time, times
The students dn’t find much __B____abut the tpic n that website .
A. reprt B. infrmatin
C. article D. stry
Wuld yu like a pudding? G and bring me a little __A___ and I will make ne fr yu.
A. bwlB. applesC. chalkD. shamp
填空
A lecture n bilgy was made by a ___Japanese___ prfessr yesterday mrning. (Japan)
We tk many __phts______when we travelled in Xinjiang last summer. (pht)
This is the first year t learn the new subject-- __chemistry________. (chemical)
The _____wner_______ f the shp is n hliday with his family. (wn)
After 30 years, his twin brther’s sudden _arrival_ brught him a great surprise. (arrive)
模块五
修饰不可数名词的词和词组
铁的原则：不可数名词与(可数)量词连用=可数（对量词的数变化）
请用量词+不可数名词的形式翻译下列词组：
♥Attentin♥
“万能搭”a piece f：
advice/bread/cake/chalk/clth/clthing/equipment/furniture/infrmatin/kindness/land/news/paper/wd/wrk
可数名词与不可数名词修饰量词表
★真题试炼★
_B____ peple____cme frm all parts f the cuntry t see the exhibitin .
A lts f, haveB. A large number f, have
Much, hasD. Huge amunts f, has
______ students f ur schl__mre than ne thusand.
A. A number f, areB. A number f, is
C. The number f, are D. The number f, is
★区分总结★
度量衡单位的原则(单复数变化)：
模块六
名词的所有格
总体规律：名词所有格有三种形式：’s所有格，f所有格和同时具备前两种格的双重所有格。
-’s所有格：
一般是在词尾，若原词已有复数词尾-s，则只要在-s后加 (’)
David’s car my brther’s ntebk my sisters’ ty
Children’ s Day Wmen’ s Day the Peple’s Square
f所有格：这种所有格常用于无生命的东西。
the A f C名词拥有较长的定语。
The sund f the children playing, the name f the girl standing utside, the cntributin f science and technlgy
表示地理、机构、集体等的名词可用f或-’s表所有格。
The ppulatin f the city或the city’s ppulatin, the plan f the family或the family’s plan等。
在某人的家或工作地
at Mr Green’s t my uncle’s at the tailr’s at the dctr’s
♥Attentin♥
共有还是私藏
Jane and Mary’s father Jane’s and Tm’s fathers
双重所有格： a bk f my friend’s sme friends f his father’s
双重所有格中的第二个名词总是指人，不指物。
a page f the bk’s (×)
应改为a page f the bk.
双重所有格中的第一个名词常有不定冠词 (a/an) 或that等词，而第二个名词总是特指the。
the friend f the dctr’s ( 错 )
a friend f the dctr’s ( 对 )
that friend f my brther’s (√)
♥Attentin♥
a picture f my sister’s (画是我姐姐的)
a picture f my sister(画中人是我姐姐)
在用-’s和f皆可表示名词所有格时，强调有别。
China’s develpment (强调develpment)
The develpment f China ( 强调China )
★真题试炼★
考题
_A_____ are travelling abrad.
A. The GreensB. The Green’sC. GreensD. Green’s
考题
Tm and peter live in the same flat. It is __C____ .
A. Susan and Betty B. Susan’s and Betty
C. Susan and Betty’s D.Susan’s and Betty’s
模块七
名词的性
★真题试炼★
考题
The _B____ are planting sme ____ in the schl garden nw.
A. wman teachers …apple treesB. wmen teachers…apple trees
C. wman teacher…apples treeD. wmen teachers…apples trees
模块八
冠词的分类
模块九
不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a/an常表示泛指
泛指人或物
He will be a teacher in five years.
表示数量“一个”
There is a bk and tw pencils n the desk.
某些习惯用语中
take a lk have a rest have a swim g n a diet
have a gd time make a decisin make a living
d sb. a favr give sb. a hand in a minute
有些特殊情况中，专有名词前必须加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间。
I knw a Lenard, but nt the famus ne.
我认识一个叫莱昂纳多的人，但不是有名气的那个。
模块十
定冠词的用法
用于上文已经提到过的事物前
Give me the bk.
用于世界上独一无二的事物前
the air, the earth, the mn, the sun, the wrld, the sky, the suth
♥Attentin♥
space（太空）前不用
用于形容词的比较级、最高级和序数词前
He is the taller f the tw children in his family.
（特殊讲解此处特殊的形容词比较级用法）
the largest rm, the secnd stry
用于西洋乐器前（中国乐器前不用加定冠词）
play the pian/ guitar
play zither/ erhu
♥Attentin♥
序数词前有时也可以用不定冠词a(n)，表示“又一、再一”的泛指意义。
In spite f the first tw failures, he tried a third time.
尽管前两次失败，他又试了第三次。
下列表达在序数词前习惯不用定冠词：
They fell in lve at first sight.
他们一见钟情。
江河、海洋、山川、国家（全称）、组织、团体
请翻译下列的词组：
表时间和空间
空间：the east，the west，the suth，the nrth，the frnt，the back，the left，the right。
The teacher seated his pupils in the back f the classrm.
老师让学生们坐在教室后面。
时间：at the beginning f在…初，in the middle f在…中，at the end f 在…末尾，the past过去，the present现在
用于形容词或分词前表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数
动词+宾语＋介词＋the +身体部位
He tk the thief by the hand.
The ball hit the by n the nse.
The wman hit the man in the face.
the +姓氏的复数表示这一家人
The Turners are sitting at the breakfast table.
模块十一
零冠词的用法
称呼、头衔作表语、同位语、补语
He is head f the rganizatin.（头衔，表语）
学科、球类、棋类
D yu study maths?
He likes playing ftball/chess.
By+n
表示交通工具，方式方法
by air, by bus, by bike, by train,
take a bus, cme in a bat, n the train/bus, ride a bike
依据……行事
by weight
语言名称：
Chinese, English, French
词组比较:（定冠词与零冠词用法）
模块十二
2022、2023年各省市中考真题综合训练
1．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）The ________ is China’s natinal treasure. It’s a kind f cute animal that likes eating bamb.
A．pandaB．tigerC．elephant
2．（2022·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）I’m nt hungry at all because I just ate much ________.
A．applesB．bananasC．bread
3．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）Lk! There are sme ________ eating grass n the hill.
A．sheepB．cwC．hrse
4．（2022·广西桂林·统考中考真题）Bill has gt tw ________.
A．sisterB．brthersC．student
5．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）This year, the family went camping n ________ Day, June 1st.
A．ChildB．Child’sC．ChildrenD．Children’s
6．（2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）— Wuld yu like sme ________?
— Yes, madam.
A．eggB．juiceC．milk teas
7．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考三模）—Lucy gt five ________ frm the relatives n Children’s Day.
—Hw happy she is.
A．tysB．tiesC．ty
8．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）We shuld prtect animals because they are friends f ________.
A．weB．urC．urs
9．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）________, which becmes a festival f respecting the ld peple, lving and helping the ld in China.
A．Lantern Festival
B．Duble Ninth Festival
C．Dragn Bat Festival
10．（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）Auturmn is ________ best seasn t visit the Great Wall in China.
A．/B．aC．anD．the
11．（2022·四川·统考中考真题）I have ________ egg and a cup f milk fr breakfast every day.
A．不填B．theC．aD．an
12．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）My headteacher always teaches me t be ________ hnest student.
A．theB．/C．anD．a
13．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）Gu Ailing is ________ excellent sprts star. She achieved her dream in the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
A．aB．anC．/
14．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）I think playing ________ ftball is ________ gd way t learn the spirit f teamwrk.
A．a; theB．/; aC．the; aD．/; the
15．（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）We knw that there is ________ “U” in the wrd “usually”.
A．aB．anC．the
16．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—I’d like t help kids with their schlwrk.
—Yu culd vlunteer in ________ after-schl study prgram t teach them.
A．theB．anC．a
17．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Yueyang is ne f the tp 10 mst beautiful ________ in China this year.
A．cityB．citiesC．citys
18．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Hangzhu will hld ________ 19th Asian Games in 2023.
A．aB．anC．the
19．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—The sun is shining, and yu’d better take ________ umbrella when yu g ut.
—OK. It’s ________ useful suggestin.
A．an; theB．a; anC．an; a
20．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）James is _______ hard-wrking engineer. His spirit encurages us.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
21．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）My mther is making ________ apple pie and I want t try ________ piece.
A．a; anB．a; 不填C．an; aD．an; 不填
22．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—D yu knw Jurney t the West?
—Yes. It’s ________ interesting bk. I like it very much.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
23．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wnderful film.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
24．（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）—Is this yur pen?
—N, it isn’t. ________ red ne is mine.
A．AB．AnC．The
25．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest f her life in her hmetwn, China.
A．aB．anC．theD．不填
26．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）My parents tk me t the amusement park n ________ Day. There were s many exciting things t d there.
A．Children’sB．ChildrenC．Child’s
27．（2023·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Shall we play ________ sccer this afternn?
—Sunds gd, but I dn’t have ________ sccer.
A．the; aB．a; theC．/; a
28．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—Hi, Wang Li, wh is Miss Deng?
—Miss Deng is ________ nice teacher and she is very ppular in ur schl.
A．aB．anC．/
29．（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his sn calling frm New Yrk.
A．telephneB．drbellC．clckD．bike
30．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）________ father is a pilt. He has been t many cuntries arund the wrld.
A．Tny and Peter’sB．Tny’s and PeterC．Tny’s and Peter’s
31．（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）Frm my ________ n the tp f the TV twer, I can have a perfect view f ur city.
A．traditinB．cnditinC．psitinD．situatin
32．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—There will be ________ tmrrw. We can’t eat ut.
—Well, we have t stay at hme.
A．rainyB．rainC．raining
33．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—What animals did yu see n the farm, Tm?
—I saw sme ________.
A．rabbitB．ducksC．sheeps
34．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考模拟预测）—Hw time flies! It’s tw _______ since we met last.
—S it is. I miss yu s much.
A．mnthesB．mnthsC．mnths’
35．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模）—There will be ________ tmrrw. We can make a snwman.
—Sunds great.
A．snwB．snwyC．snwing
36．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模）We Chinese usually put things n the plate while peple in ________ are suppsed t put bread n the table.
A．JapanB．GermanyC．France
37．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）“The ________ trust has been my greatest surce f strength（力量源泉）t g frward and als the greatest respnsibility n my shulders,” Chinese President Xi Jinping said.
A．pepleB．peple’sC．peples
38．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考模拟预测）I will try my best fr ________ exciting prgress in less than ne mnth.
A．anB．aC．/
39．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Mre and mre ________ want t learn abut Chinese culture.
A．GermansB．GermanC．GermanyD．Germans’
40．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Hi, Lily, have yu ever heard f Zib, ________ city in ________ center f Shandng prvince, which is knwn fr its barbecue these days?
—Sure. I expect t visit it and have a taste f the special fd.
A．a, aB．a, theC．the, the
41．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）China is ________ cuntry with a histry f mre than 5,000 years.
A．theB．aC．anD．/
42．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）The spirit f Lei Feng always encurages us t give ________ hand t thers.
A．aB．anC．theD．不填
43．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Yangzhu is ________ city full f ________ histry, culture and muthwatering fd.
A．the; aB．a; aC．the; theD．a; /
44．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Have yu heard f Xu Fengcan, ___________ excellent pilt?
—Yes, she made every effrt n ___________ way t grwing int a real pilt.
A．the；/B．the；aC．an；theD．an；/
45．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）China’s panda Ya Ya finished ________ 30-day stay in Shanghai after landing in China and then was sent t Beijing Z in ________ May.
A．a; aB．a; theC．the; aD．a; /
46．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—What d yu think f the guide bk Lnely Planet?
—Oh, it is really _________ useful ne. Yu can always find _________ infrmatin yu need while traveling.
A．a; aB．an; anC．a; theD．an; the
47．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）After taking ________ class frm Tiangng space statin n Octber 12th, 2022, I became interested in science.
A．aB．anC．theD．/
48．（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）As a student in mdern China, everybdy shuld wrk hard t live ________ meaningful life.
A．aB．anC．theD．不填
49．（2022·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Hw did yu put tgether the mdel plane s perfectly?
—It's easy. I just fllwed the ________．
A．instructinsB．instruments
C．interviewsD．inventins
50．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）With the intrductin f the “duble reductin” plicy (双减政策), ne f the ________ ________ that the students have less hmewrk.
A．changes; isB．change; isC．changes; are名词
A. 专有名词：具体的人、地、物、机构、团体、月份和节日等专有的名词
如：Alfred Nbel, Africa, February
B. 普通名词
a 可数名词
可以用数字计数的名词，如by，chair
b 不可数名词
1)物质名词：如fire, wd, air, water
2)抽象名词：如infrmatin,advice,curage
构成方法
例词
一般在词尾加-s
hrse—hrses mile—miles
以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的词加-es
bx—bxes glass—glasses brush—brushes
以结尾的词加-s或-es
有生命加-es
her—heres
ptat- ptates
Negr—Negres
无生命加-s
pht—phts
pian-pians
z-zs
特例
mtt—mtts/mttes, *kangar-kangars,vlcan- vlcanes
以-y结尾的词
以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i, 加-es
battery—batteries cuntry—cuntries
以元音字母加-y结尾的词直接加-s
mnkey—mnkeys day—days
以-f或-fe结尾的词
f, fe变为v再加-es
wlf—wlves wife—wives
个别词直接加-s
rf—rfs belief—beliefs
scarf- scarves /scarfs
man
men
medium
media
Rman
Rmans
child
children
wman
wmen
muse
mice
businesswman
businesswmen
x
xen
gse
geese
ft
feet
German
Germans
tth
teeth
a man nurse
sme men nurses
a wman dctr
wmen dctrs
byfriends
maidservants
wmen servants
lady drivers
sheep-sheep
Chinese-Chinese
means-means
species-species
craft及由-craft（spacecraft，aircraft）构成的名词
deer-deer
Japanese-Japanese
Swiss-Swiss
series-series
wrd
不可数名词
新闻、消息、承诺
可数名词
词、话语
keep/break ne’s wrd
履行诺言/ 食言
in ther wrds
换句话说
leave wrd
留言
eat ne’s wrds
承认错误（收回某人的话）
a man f his wrd
信守诺言的人
the last wrds
遗言
wrd fr/by wrd
逐字逐句地
waste ne’s wrds
白费口舌
in a wrd
总之
have a few wrds/ a wrd with sb
与某人谈谈
paper
纸
papers
考卷
gd
好的
gds
货物
letter
信件
letters
文学（作品）
lk
看
lks
外表
glass
杯子
glasses
眼镜
green
绿色
greens
绿叶蔬菜
custm
风俗
custms
海关
time
时间
times
时代
sand
沙
sands
沙滩
irn
铁
irns
脚镣
drink
喝
drinks
饮品
frce
武力
frces
军队
spirit
精神
spirits
精力/态度
wrk
工作
wrks
工厂/作品
in high spirits
as fllws
take turns
hurt ne’s feelings
in rags
兴致高昂
如下
轮流
伤害感情
衣衫褴褛
一群人
a grup /crwd f peple
一两天
a cuple f days
一些亲戚
(a) few relatives
几台电脑
sme cmputers
大量的乘客
a large number f passengers
很多记者
a lt f/lts f reprters
很多地方
many places
顶尖学生中的一个
ne f the tp students
数以百年
hundreds f years
数以千年
thusands f years
数以万年
tens f thusands f years
两千年
tw thusand years
一副眼镜/一双鞋/一条裤子/一把剪刀
a pair f glasses/shes/trusers/scissrs
忠告
advice
天气
weather
麻烦
truble
黄油
butter
空气
air
乐趣
fun
玻璃
Glass
损坏
damage
草
grass
作业
Hmewrk
家务活
husewrk
钱
mney
信息
infrmatin
冰
ice
纸
paper
知识
knwledge
新闻
news
交通
traffic
一件衣服/家具
an article/piece f clthing/furniture
两块巧克力/肥皂
tw bars f chclate/sap
一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒
a bttle f ink/milk/wine
一点食物
(a) little fd
一些工作/建议
sme wrk/advice
很多新闻
a lt f/lts f news
大量信息
huge amunts f infrmatin
只能修饰可数名词
只能修饰不可数名词
可数/不可数名词均可修饰
alarge/ huge/great number f
the number f
dzens f
scres f
hundreds f
few
several
many (a)
a great deal f
a large amunt f
the amunt f
huge amunts f
a large sum f (一大笔)
(a) little
a bit
much
plenty f/
a lt f
lts f/
a large quantity f
quantities f(谓语动词用复数)
the quantity f
中国度量衡
ne/five yuan
tw/fur Jia
three Jin
ten mu
外国度量衡
3 dllars
15 punds
20 miles
12 kilmeters
actr
actress
waiter
waitress
headmaster
headmistress
hst
hstess
prince
princess
emperr
empress
gd
gddess
steward
stewardess
tiger
tigress
lin
liness
冠词
不定冠词（泛指）
a
用于辅音音素或半元音音素前
an
用于元音音素前
定冠词（特指）
the
长江
(The) Yangtze River
太平洋
the Pacific Ocean
美国
the United States f America
中国共产党
the Cmmunist Party f China
北京宾馆
Beijing Htel
自由女神像
the Statue f Liberty
穷人
the pr
富人
the rich
老人
the ld
年轻人
the yung
病人
the sick
死人
the dead
盲人
the blind
伤者
the wunded
好人
the gd
美人
the beautiful
不认识的人
the unknwn
失业者
the unemplyed
残疾人
the disabled
长者
the elderly
in hspital
住院
in the hspital
在医院
in frnt f
在前方
in the frnt f
在前部
ut f questin
无疑的
ut f the questin
不可能的
at table
进餐
at the table
坐在桌子旁