2022-2023学年上海市七宝中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题含答案

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市七宝中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题含答案，共9页。

 2022-2023学年高二第二学期期中测试
英 语 试 卷
(完卷时间：120分钟 满分：140分)
2023年04月
第I卷(共100分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. In a coffee shop. B. On a farm.
C. In a furniture store. D. In a theatre.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I’ll have my coffee with cow’s milk, and I’ll have it here, please.
M: No problem. Take a seat, and we will bring that over.
Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Cleaning a house. B. Finding things in the house.
C. Living a simple life. D. Doing housework efficiently.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: When you only have the things you need, your life is very simple. Like, it’s easy to find everything in the house.
W: And it only takes 20 minutes to clean.
Q: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Calming the woman down. B. Playing bridge.
C. Reading a book. D. Reflecting on himself.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Why am I so afraid of a bridge? Why aren’t the books helping me? Why can’t you help me?
M: I am helping you, Grace. The books are helping, too. You’re going to cross this bridge by yourself. You will. Now keep going.
Q: What is the man doing?
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. The man recommends people to speak the same language.
B. The woman thinks it unnecessary to save dying languages.
C. The woman admires those devoted to preserving dying languages.
D. The man appeals for more action to be taken to protect dying languages.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Many people are devoting themselves to preserving these dying languages.
W: Why do they want to do that? There are so many languages! Isn’t it easier when people speak the same language anyway?
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. He has realized his own problem.
B. The woman is sure to get a second job.
C. He disagrees with the woman’s comments.
D. The woman should care more about money.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: It’s okay to buy new clothes, but don’t spend so much. Money doesn’t grow on tree, you know.
M: You always say that. Maybe, you should get a second job, if you’re so worried about it.
Q: What does the man imply?
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. She has many friends to text. B. She can’t focus her mind on study.
C. She can’t make long speeches. D. She has many classes to attend.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Do you multitask while you study or attend class?
W: Well, yeah, I do, for sure. I text my friends during class a lot, especially during long, boring lectures. It’s hard to concentrate.
Q: Why does the woman multitask in class?
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Enjoy her college life. B. Put off hard assignments.
C. Set a post-college goal. D. Ease academic pressure.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I put off hard assignments. Sometimes I just don’t know how to get started. And besides, there’re so many fun things to do in college!
M: That’s true, but for me, I hate putting things off. It’s too stressful. Besides, I think you need to think about what you want to achieve after college, which might help you concentrate on your school work.
Q: What does the man advise the woman to do?
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. It makes no sense. B. It needs training.
C. It can’t solve her problem. D. It is worth trying.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Ok, so our last question: “Which strategies do you want to try?” Me, I’m definitely to schedule my time better.
W: Really? All that stuff about lists and schedules sounds like too much work!
Q: What does the woman think of the man’s strategy?
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. She is a music lover. B. She is good at asking questions.
C. She prefers art to sports. D. She knows Brazilians well.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Why do you like soccer?
M: Why? Ha! That is not even a question in Brazil. Soccer is our life. It is an art. It’s like music. Does anyone ever ask you, “Why do you like music?”
Q: What can we know about the woman from the conversation?
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. The specials are the man’s best choice.
B. She is fully confident of the quality-steak.
C. Her house is a suitable place for having steak.
D. The man should find by himself the nicest wine.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, I am looking to get a wine with my steak. What do you recommend?
W: Any of our house specials will pair nicely with your steak.
Q: What does the woman imply?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11. A. Cars. B. Computers. C. Dollars. D. Services.
12.
A. It’s the real money paid to purchase items.
B. Each Time Dollar records the value of trading stuff.
C. Different music lessons equal different Time Dollars.
D. It represents the service time you exchange with others.
13.
A. To provide him with a part-time job.
B. To ensure him that he can serve others.
C. To guarantee him that he can make a living.
D. To demonstrate to him how barter is kept on.
14.
A. To apply for membership. B. To sign up for walking.
C. To use the free pass. D. To check the time for barter.
【答案】11. D 12. D 13. B 14. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Good morning. My name is Carol, and I’d like to welcome you to the City Barter Network. First, I want to tell you a little about bartering – what bartering is. Then I’ll explain how you can barter in our network. OK. Let’s get started. First of all, do you know what bartering is?
M: Bartering is trading stuff, right? Like, I trade my car for your computer, or something like that? W: Well, that’s one kind of bartering – exchanging one item for another item – but in our barter network, we only exchange services – things you can do for another person.
M: Oh, I see.
W: Well, here’s how it works. First, when you join the network, you sign your name on our member list and you list all of the services you can provide. Then every member gets a copy of the list or they can read it on our website.
M: So, what kinds of services do members provide?
W: Well, most members provide services that a lot of people need like cooking, cleaning, or fixing things. But some people provide more unusual services like taking photographs, designing a website, or even giving music lessons.
M: Wow! That’s great!
W: It sure is! But remember that when you barter, you need to provide a service before you can get one. So that brings me to the next step, how to barter. After you become a member, another member can ask you to provide a service, to do something for them. For every hour of work you do for someone, you earn one Time Dollar.
M: So, you can earn money?
W: Well, no, you can’t. Time Dollars aren’t real money. Basically, each Time Dollar just equals one hour of time that you spend providing a service. Later, you can spend your Time Dollars to get a service from someone else.
M: So, all the members earn one Time Dollar per hour, no matter what kind of work they do? W: Yes. That’s right. In our network, everyone’s time is equal. No service is more valuable than another one.
M: I have a question. What if you don’t know how to do anything? I mean I don’t really have any skills.
W: Hmm … can you walk?
M: Walk? Well, of course I can walk.
W: Ok, it’s a deal. You can do dog-walking! I need someone to take my dog for a walk when I’m not home. Why don’t you do it?
M: Well, I suppose I could.
W: Great! It looks like you’re ready to barter! But, let’s get signed up first. Next, I’ll pass out some forms …
1. What is traded in the City Barter Network?
2. Which of the statements is true about Time Dollar?
3. Why does Carol recommend the man to do dog-walking?
4. What will the man most probably do next?
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

15.
A. Have a whole idea of the character’s look.
B. Examine the actor’s or the actress’ face and body.
C. Try various colors on actors’ or actresses’ hair.
D. Get a clear picture of the character’s skin tone.
16.
A. A film with a magic ending. B. A film stimulating her creativity.
C. A film reflecting her delicacy. D. A film with several celebrities.
17.
A. They both lead the fashion. B. They both emphasize details.
C. They both tell good stories. D. They both require harmony.
【答案】15. A 16. B 17. D
【解析】
【原文】I’m a make-up designer who creates the look of the characters for a film. I come up with the ideas and the concepts and how a character is going to look. I look at the totality of the person, the hair, skin tone, who is this person going to be. So it is delicacy and a slide of colours and details on a person’s face and body. I’ve worked with everyone from Tom Cruise to Mike Myers. Each one meant something to me and so my aim was to choose films that made me feel like I was doing something creative and also each time something different. I don’t look at the whole face and go: “Okay, I need to do the eyes, then I go to the lips and then I go to ...” I may do very little. I may just make the skin look the feature. I may just do things like that, just delicacy, details, little shades. I just love that moment when the actor or the actress is this person. That’s the magic moment. I always see a film as a big concert and everybody plays an instrument and it all has to be in total harmony, together. In the end, hopefully we have something where it is telling a story.
1. What does a make-up designer do before making-up a character in a film?
2. What kind of film can attract this make-up designer to be involved?
3. According to the make-up designer, why can a film be compared to a concert?
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

18.
A. The ability to recall. B. The invention of camera.
C. The chance of revisiting. D. The application of wi-fi.
19.
A. To send us to sleep. B. To develop technology.
C. To refresh our memory. D. To offer us comfort.
20.
A. Digital camera. B. Fantastic daydream.
C. Memory journey. D. Virtual reality.
【答案】18. A 19. D 20. C
【解析】
【原文】Throughout our lives, we spend a lot of time and even more money engineering pleasant experiences. We book airline tickets, visit beaches, watch elephants drinking and so on. However, the idea of making a big deal of revisiting an experience in memory sounds a little strange or simply sad. We may feel we have to dismiss them as daydreaming or thinking about nothing.
Part of why we feel the need for so many new experiences may simply be that we’re so bad at absorbing the ones we’ve had. To help us focus more on our memories, we need nothing technical. We certainly don’t need a camera. Because there is a camera in our minds already, and it’s always on; it takes everything we’ve ever seen. When we can’t sleep, when there is no wi-fi, we should always think of going on memory journeys.
Our experiences have not disappeared. We can remain in touch with so much of what made them pleasurable simply through the art of recall. We talk endlessly of virtual reality, yet we have the finest virtual reality machines already in our own heads. We can, right now, shut our eyes and travel into and stay among the very best and most comforting and life-enhancing bits of our past.
1. What can help us focus on our memories?
2. What benefit can past pleasant experiences bring?
3. What’s the passage mainly about?
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Dear Easy,
I wouldn’t put too much stock in what your “literary” friends say; they sound like bores. When it comes down to it, people who think about reading in terms of what “counts” don’t seem to actually enjoy books all that much. Their moralistic (说教的) gloom is evident in the extent ____21____ reading has come to resemble exercise, with readers tracking their word-count metrics, trying to improve their speed.
____22____ some disciples of this culture are quick to dismiss audiobooks as a shortcut, they cannot seem to agree on why, exactly, listening is an inferior form of engagement. Some cite studies that have shown people who listen to books retain less than those who read them, which ____23____ (bind) up with how tempting it is to do other things while listening. ____24____ insist that audiobooks eliminate the reader’s responsibility to interpret things like irony, tone, and inflection, given that the person on the recording is doing the work of conveying the emotions in the book for them.
The larger problem, however, is in viewing books as ____25____ means to some other end. Many people who aspire to read more are motivated by the promise that doing so will prevent cognitive decline, improve brain connectivity. Some assume that the purpose of reading is ____26____ (absorb) knowledge or nuggets of trivia that one can use in order to demonstrate being “well read”. I’d be willing to bet, Easy Listening, that your earliest experiences with the joy of literature were aural. Most of us were read to by adults before we learned to read ourselves, and listening to audiobooks recalls the distinctive delight of ____27____ (tell) a story.
If you’re like most people I know, you probably find it difficult to recall the last time a book regardless of ____28____ you consumed it — succeeded in altering your consciousness, suggesting that many books you’ve encountered have failed to live up to their potential.
My advice, Easy, is to be ____29____ (discriminating) about the medium and more choosy about the books you pick up. If you find that your mind is wandering or that you’re not able to fully enter into the reality of the narrative, _____30_____ (consider) that this might be a problem with the content, not the mechanism through which you are experiencing it.
Faithfully,
Cloud
【答案】21. to which
22. Although##Though##While
23. is bound
24. Others 25. a
26. to absorb
27. being told
28. how 29. less discriminating
30. consider
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。Cloud写信给Easy论述对于阅读的看法，Cloud认为那些认为阅读“有价值”的人似乎并不那么喜欢读书，并且更大的问题在于，人们将书籍视为达到其他目的的手段。对此Cloud的建议是对媒介不要那么挑剔，对你挑选的书要更有选择性。如果你发现自己走神了，或者无法完全进入故事的现实，那就考虑这可能是内容的问题，而不是你体验故事的机制。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他们道德上的悲观情绪在某种程度上体现得很明显，阅读已经变得像锻炼一样，读者们跟踪自己的字数统计指标，试图提高阅读速度。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词extent，根据短语to some extent可知应用介词to，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。故填to which。
【22题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：尽管这种文化的一些信徒很快就将有声读物视为一种捷径，但他们似乎无法就为什么听是一种次等的参与形式达成一致。前后为转折关系，引导“让步状语从句”表示“尽管”应用although、though或while，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
【23题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些人引用的研究表明，听书的人记忆力比读书的人差，这与人们在听书的同时做其他事情的诱惑力有关。短语be bound up with表示“与……有密切关系”，此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语用单数。故填is bound。
【24题详解】
考查代词。句意：另一些人坚持认为，有声读物消除了读者解读反讽、语气和语调变化等内容的责任，因为录音的人正在为他们传达书中的情感。作主语，表示“其他人”应用others，与上文Some cite studies构成some…others…，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Others。
【25题详解】
考查冠词。句意：然而，更大问题在于，人们将书籍视为达到其他目的的一个手段。means此处为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人认为阅读的目的是吸收知识或鸡毛蒜皮的趣事，人们可以用这些来证明自己“读得不错”。说明purpose的内容，应用不定式作表语。故填to absorb。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们大多数人在学会自己阅读之前，都是大人给我们朗读的，听有声读物会让我们想起听人讲故事的独特乐趣。作介词的宾语，且tell与we构成被动关系，用being done形式。故填being told。
【28题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：如果你和我认识的大多数人一样，你可能会发现，不管你是怎么读的，你都很难回忆起上一次一本书成功地改变了你的意识，这表明你遇到的许多书都没有发挥出它们的潜力。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故用how引导。故填how。
【29题详解】
考查比较级。句意：我的建议是，对媒介不要那么挑剔，对你挑选的书要更有选择性。根据后文“more choosy”以及句意“不要那么挑剔”可知应用比较级，在discriminating前面加less。故填less discriminating。
【30题详解】
考查祈使句。句意：如果你发现自己走神了，或者无法完全进入故事的现实，那就考虑这可能是内容的问题，而不是你体验故事的机制。此处为肯定祈使句，句首动词用原形。故填consider。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. struggle
B. roughly
C. major
D. causes
AB.charged
AC.feature
ADsignificantly
BC.motives
BD.identify
CD.potential
ABCruled

The Science Behind Why People Give Money to Charity
This question has fascinated behavioral scientists for decades: why do we give money to charity?
The explanations for charitable giving fall into three broad categories, from the purely altruistic(利他的). The “impurely” altruistic — I donate because I obtain value from knowing I contribute to the social good for the charity. And the the not-at-all altruistic — I donate because I want to show off to ____31____ mates how rich I am.
But are these ____32____ strong enough to enable people to donate as much as they would want to? Most people support charities in one way or another, but often we ____33____to make donations as often as we think we should. Although many people would like to leave a gift to charity in their will, they forget about it when the time comes. Our research shows that if the will-writer just asks someone if they would like to donate, they are more likely to consider it and the rate of donation ____34____ doubles.
Many people are also aware that they should donate to the ____35____ that have the highest impact, but facts and figures are less attractive than narratives. In a series of experiments, it was found that people are much more responsive to charitable requests that ____36____ a single, identifiable beneficiary(受益者), than they are to statistical information about the scale of the problem being faced. When it comes to charitable giving, we are often ____37____ by our hearts and not our heads.
Another of the ____38____ findings from the research in this area is that giving is fundamentally a social act. One study shows that people give ____39____ more to their university if the person calling and asking for their donation is their former roommate. Researchers found that when JustGiving donors see that the donor before them has made a large donation, they make a larger donation themselves.
In summary, behavioural scientists _____40_____ a range of factors that influence our donations, and can help us to keep giving in the longer term. This is great news not just for charities, but also for donors.
【答案】31. CD 32. BC
33. A 34. B
35. D 36. AC
37. ABC 38. C
39. AD 40. BD
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了人们把钱捐给慈善机构背后的科学原因。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我捐赠是因为我想向潜在的伴侣炫耀我有多有钱。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。表示“潜在的”用potential，符合句意。故填CD。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是，这些动机是否足够强大，足以让人们捐出他们想捐的那么多钱呢？分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语。表示“动机”用motive。由these修饰，此处表示名词复数意义，故填motives。故选BC。
33题详解】
考查动词。句意：大多数人都会以这样或那样的方式支持慈善事业，但是我们往往很难像我们认为应该的那样频繁地捐款。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“挣扎做某事”用struggle to do。故用struggle。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意：我们的研究表明，如果写遗嘱的人只是问别人是否愿意捐赠，他们更有可能考虑捐赠，捐赠的比例大约会翻一番。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰doubles动词。表示“大约”用roughly。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：许多人还意识到，他们应该捐赠给影响力最大的机构，但事实和数字不如叙述吸引人。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语。表示“事业”用cause，此处表示复数意义，应填写causes。故选D。
36题详解】
考查动词。句意：在一系列实验中，人们发现，与对所面临问题规模的统计信息的反应相比，人们对以单一、可识别受益人为特征的慈善请求的反应要大得多。分析句子，设空处使用动词作定语从句的谓语动词，此处表示“以……为特征”用feature，主语为request是复数，同时句子表述客观事实，用一般现在时。故使用feature。故选AC。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：当涉及到慈善捐赠时，我们常常被我们的心而不是我们的头脑所支配。分析句子，设空处使用过去分词与空前的are构成一般现在时的被动语态。表示“支配”用rule。故用ruled。故选ABC。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该领域研究的另一个主要发现是，捐赠从根本上说是一种社会行为。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，表示“主要的”用major。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：一项研究表明，如果打电话要求捐款的人是他们的前室友，人们会给他们的大学捐得多得多。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词give。表示“大大地，显著地”用significantly。故选AD。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：总之，行为科学家确定了一系列影响我们捐赠的因素，这些因素可以帮助我们在更长的时间内继续捐赠。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。表示“确定，识别”用identify，符合句意。故选BD。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
I forgot to pay my property tax last year. Was it a sign of early onset dementia(痴呆)? Had I spent last September as an anti-government tax resister and the entire month of September had ____41____ my mind? Then I realized the real problem: I have notification ____42____.
Since 2020, many of us have lived ____43____ online, relying on a trillion apps to send helpful, pinging notifications. So many notifications that they’ve become a waterfall of sound I no longer hear. I’ve grown ____44____ of every notification. I live in a continuous state of “oops.”
My bad decisions and my ____45____ are to blame. My first error was inviting these pings and beeps into my life decades ago. As someone with a memory as reliable as an inattentive goldfish’s, I once depended on a detailed paper calendar and to-do list system to keep me on ____46____. My careful notes worked for years. But I was eventually ____47____ transferring all the birthdays from one year’s calendar to the next. The coming of the PalmPilot (掌上电脑) thrilled me: I could enter the info once and, five days before each loved one’s birthday, the device would automatically inform me of the coming date.
That little PalmPilot was a gateway drug. I eventually ____48____ my brain to more powerful devices. And for years, generally they were at a ____49____ level. Then the pandemic hit and my notification stream became a series of alerts and even alerts for other unimaginable demands of alertness.
Then the other factor ____50____ kicked in. My actual hearing loss, a genetic gift from my father’s side, started getting worse, turning the world into a series of dull noises. Even with my hearing aids in, maybe I didn’t hear a notification.
Having become deaf to alerts both ____51____ and metaphorically, I reasoned that enduring a little wrist vibration with every notification would bring me back into being a responsible adult. ____52____, I felt like I had severe nerve damage. After month 13 of the pandemic, my general stress level was peaking and I was too ____53____ to turn some off.
“You’re not the boss of me!” I yelled one afternoon when seven notifications popped up ____54____. I turned away like a bad-tempered teen. The solution? I’m turning off all notifications and moving my life back to ____55____. Yes, it will be a tough adjustment. But it will force me to grab responsibility for my daily life back from all the devices.
The good news: Paper doesn’t chirp, buzz, flash or “pop up.” Paper just waits, quietly, non-judgmentally and trust you.
41. A. failed B. slipped C. lost D. bent
42. A. attentiveness B. alertness C. unwillingness D. deafness
43. A. largely B. barely C. closely D. specially
44. A. guilty B. ignorant C. unaware D. incapable
45. A. gene B. age C. job D. lifestyle
46. A. feet B. toes C. trick D. track
47. A. used to B. tired of C. exposed to D. involved in
48. A. outsourced B. positioned C. swayed D. split
49. A. tangible B. manageable C. approachable D. measurable
50. A. at length B. at play C. at odds D. at intervals
51. A. frantically B. accidentally C. literally D. excessively
52. A. Furthermore B. Meanwhile C. Thereby D. However
53. A. overwhelmed B. overblown C. overflown D. overtaken
54. A. contemporarily B. instinctively C. spontaneously D. simultaneously
55. A. ease B. work C. paper D. optimism
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. D 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了因为疫情期间，手机通知过多，作者患了通知性耳聋。讲述了作者一开始使用科技来提醒自己亲人的生日，到后来疫情来了，作者的通知流变成了一系列警报，甚至是其他难以想象的警惕性要求的警报。最终作者还是回归到了纸质生活。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年9月，我是不是作为一名反政府的税收抵抗者度过了整个9月，而整个9月都忘记了？A. failed失败；B. slipped滑动；C. lost丢失；D. bent弯曲。根据上文“I forgot to pay my property tax last year. Was it a sign of early onset dementia(痴呆)?”可知，去年9月，我是不是作为一名反政府的税收抵抗者度过了整个9月，而整个9月都忘记了。短语slip one’s mind表示“忘记；忘掉”。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我意识到真正的问题：我有通知性耳聋。A. attentiveness注意力；B. alertness机敏；C. unwillingness不情愿；D. deafness聋。根据后文“Having become deaf to alerts”可知，作者有通知性耳聋。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自2020年以来，我们中的许多人主要生活在网上，依靠一万亿应用程序发送有用的、叮叮当当的通知。A. largely主要地；B. barely仅仅；C. closely亲密地；D. specially格外。根据后文“relying on a trillion apps to send helpful, pinging notifications”以及常识，2020年以来，因为疫情我们中的许多人主要生活在网上，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经意识不到每一个通知了。A. guilty内疚的；B. ignorant无知的；C. unaware意识不到的；D. incapable不能的。根据上文“So many notifications that they’ve become a waterfall of sound I no longer hear.(如此多的通知已经变成了瀑布般的声音，我再也听不见了)”可知，作者开始意识不到通知。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这都怪我的错误决定和我的基因。A. gene基因；B. age年纪；C. job工作；D. lifestyle生活方式。根据后文“My actual hearing loss, a genetic gift from my father’s side”可知，作者天生记性不好，所以这里指怪自己基因。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个记忆力像粗心的金鱼一样可靠的人，我曾经依靠详细的纸质日历和待办事项系统来保持自己的进度。A. feet脚；B. toes脚趾；C. trick诡计；D. track轨道。结合上文“As someone with a memory as reliable as an inattentive goldfish’s, I once depended on a detailed paper calendar and to-do list system to keep me on”可知，作者天生记性不好，要依靠详细的纸质日历和待办事项系统来保持自己的进度。短语keep sb. on the track表示“使某人走上正轨”。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：但我最终厌倦了把所有的生日从一年的日历上转移到下一年。A. used to过去常常；B. tired of厌倦；C. exposed to暴露；D. involved in涉及。根据后文“The coming of the PalmPilot thrilled me: I could enter the info once and, five days before each loved one’s birthday, the device would automatically inform me of the coming date.(PalmPilot的问世让我兴奋不已：我只需输入一次信息，在每个亲人生日的前五天，它就会自动通知我即将到来的日期)”可知，作者对方便的PalmPilot程序感到兴奋，结合but表示转折，说明作者最终厌倦了把所有的生日从一年的日历上转移到下一年，开始使用应用程序来通知亲人的生日。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最终把我的大脑外包给了更强大的设备。A. outsourced转包；B. positioned放置；C. swayed摇摆；D. split分裂。根据上一段“The coming of the PalmPilot thrilled me: I could enter the info once and, five days before each loved one’s birthday, the device would automatically inform me of the coming date.( PalmPilot的问世让我兴奋不已：我只需输入一次信息，在每个亲人生日的前五天，它就会自动通知我即将到来的日期)”可知，作者开始依赖设备记住亲人的生日，即把大脑外包给了更强大的设备。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，它们总体上处于可控水平。A. tangible明确的；B. manageable易管理的；C. approachable可接近的；D. measurable显著的。根据后文“Then the pandemic hit and my notification stream became a series of alerts and even alerts for other unimaginable demands of alertness.(然后大流行来了，我的通知流变成了一系列警报，甚至是其他难以想象的警惕性要求的警报)”可知，疫情让通知流变成了灾难，说明在此之前一切正常可控。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：然后另一个因素开始发挥作用。A. at length详细地；B. at play起作用；C. at odds争执；D. at intervals不时。根据后文“My actual hearing loss, a genetic gift from my father’s side, started getting worse, turning the world into a series of dull noises. Even with my hearing aids in, maybe I didn’t hear a notification.(我的听力损失是父亲遗传给我的，它开始变得越来越严重，把世界变成了一系列沉闷的噪音。即使我戴着助听器，也许我也没听到通知)”可知，导致作者通知性耳聋的另一个因素是天生的听力损失在起作用。故选B。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我已经对字面上和比喻上的提醒充耳不闻了，我认为忍受每次提醒时手腕的轻微震动会让我重新成为一个负责任的成年人。A. frantically紧张地；B. accidentally偶然；C. literally按照字面意思地；D. excessively过分地。根据后文“and metaphorically”可知，与比喻性相对应的是字面上的，即literally。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我觉得我有严重的神经损伤。A. Furthermore此外；B. Meanwhile同时；C. Thereby因此；D. However然而。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大流行的第13个月之后，我的总体压力水平达到了顶峰，我不堪重负，无法停止一些压力。A. overwhelmed被压倒的；B. overblown吹散；C. overflown飞越；D. overtaken赶上。根据上文“After month 13 of the pandemic, my general stress level was peaking”可知，在大流行的第13个月之后，作者的总体压力水平达到了顶峰，即作者不堪重负，无法停止一些压力。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“你不是我的老板！”一天下午，同时弹出7条通知时，我大喊大叫。A. contemporarily当下；B. instinctively本能地；C. spontaneously自发地；D. simultaneously同时地。根据上文““You’re not the boss of me!” I yelled one afternoon when seven notifications popped up”可推测，让作者情绪激动的应该是7条通知同时弹出，故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要关掉所有的通知，让我的生活回到纸上。A. ease轻松；B. work工作；C. paper纸；D. optimism乐观。根据后文“The good news: Paper doesn’t chirp, buzz, flash or “pop up.” Paper just waits, quietly, non-judgmentally and trust you.(好消息是：纸不会发出唧唧声、嗡嗡声、闪光或“弹出”。纸只是静静地等待，不带评判，信任你)”可知，作者关掉所有的通知，让生活回到了纸上。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
Around this time last winter, at a gymnasium 45 minutes outside Budapest, I was surprised to come across a group of roughly 30 men and women with wooden axes. They had gathered to practice something called Baranta, perhaps the youngest of the world’s so-called traditional martial arts.
While they took turns swinging and blocking, one member of the group, a beefy man with a tight, gray, military-style haircut, walked over to where I was standing and began excitedly talking to me in Hungarian. Even with the help of a translator, I had difficulty keeping up with what he was saying. Perhaps sensing this, he pulled out his phone to show me a series of videos, in which several groups of them were practicing Baranta.
The name Baranta, I later learned, originates from an old Hungarian word meaning, roughly, “to attack.” Today, it refers to a fighting style based on a mixture of Hungarian folk dancing. Mongolian wrestling, and the imagined fighting skills of its practitioners’ ancestors. Kata Babinszki, a student the University of Pécs who is writing an essay on Baranta, told me that the practice dates to the early 1990s. At that time, small groups of Hungarians began plunging into their country’s past, looking back to its history as part of the Austro-Hungarian empire, to its time as a kingdom, and even to the period when Hungarians were horsemen travelling across the edges of eastern Europe and possibly central Asia.
Baranta clubs have formed in most major Hungarian cities and in many smaller villages, Babinszki says. These new “traditionalists” are interested in taking up archery (射箭) and horseback riding and organizing giant “tribal meetings” at which they dress in Mongolian-style felt coats and fur hats.
Though many of these trappings are rooted less in historical fact than in wistful imagination, few Hungarians seem interested in quibbling over their authenticity. “They’re reaching back to a time when our knowledge is very uncertain,” says Vendel Teszler, a professor at Eõtvõs Loránd University, in Budapest, who has studied Hungarian traditionalists. “Nobody can tell them exactly what clothing is historically accurate. Everything can be transformed and created.” Even tradition.
56. Why did the beefy man show the writer a series of videos?
A. He was trying to sell the writer these videos.
B. He found the writer couldn’t understand his words.
C. He had difficulty translating English into Hungarian.
D. He wanted the writer to know how he practiced Baranta.
57. According to the passage, what happened in the early 1990s?
A. Baranta made a comeback in Hungary.
B. Baranta clubs moved from villages to major cities.
C. Some Hungarians began exploring the country’s history.
D. Some Hungarians became interested in Mongolian martial arts.
58. What does the phrase “quibbling over” (in the last paragraph) most probably mean?
A. complaining about B. handing over C. insisting on D. engaging in
59. Vendel Teszler is quoted in the last paragraph in order to show ________.
A. tradition changes with time no matter how old it is
B. the history of Hungary remains a mystery to many people
C. wishful imagination appeals more to people than historical fact
D. what traditionalists believe in is likely not to be true to the fact
【答案】56. B 57. C 58. A 59. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了去年冬天作者偶遇了一群练习一种被叫做Baranta的一群人，从而了解到了一些与Baranta这种世界上最年轻的所谓的传统武术有关的一些历史情况。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Even with the help of a translator, I had difficulty keeping up with what he was saying. Perhaps sensing this, he pulled out his phone to show me a series of videos, in which several groups of them were practicing Baranta. (即使有翻译的帮助，我也很难跟上他说的话。也许是感觉到了这一点，他拿出手机给我看了一系列视频，其中有几组人在练习Baranta。)”可知，这个健壮的男人给作者看了一系列的视频是因为他发现作者听不懂他的话。故选B。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Kata Babinszki, a student the University of Pécs who is writing an essay on Baranta, told me that the practice dates to the early 1990s. At that time, small groups of Hungarians began plunging into their country’s past, looking back to its history as part of the Austro-Hungarian empire, to its time as a kingdom, and even to the period when Hungarians were horsemen travelling across the edges of eastern Europe and possibly central Asia. (Kata Babinszki是 Pécs大学的一名学生，正在写一篇关于Baranta的文章。她告诉我，这种做法可以追溯到20世纪90年代初。那时，一小群匈牙利人开始深入研究他们国家的过去，回顾它作为奥匈帝国一部分的历史，回顾它作为一个王国的时代，甚至回顾匈牙利人作为骑兵穿越东欧和中亚边缘的时期。)”可知，在20世纪90年代，早期一群匈牙利人开始探索匈牙利这个国家的历史。故选C。
【58题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Though many of these trappings are rooted less in historical fact than in wistful imagination, few Hungarians seem interested in (尽管许多这些服饰与其说是根植于历史事实，不如说是根植于渴望的想象，但似乎很少有匈牙利人……感兴趣)”和“their authenticity (它们的真实性)”可知，quibbling over所在句子表示“尽管许多这样的装饰与其说根植于历史事实，不如说是根植于渴望的想象，但似乎没有几个匈牙利人有兴趣争论它们的真实性”，quibbling over意为“争论，抱怨”，和complaining about意思相近，故选A。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““They’re reaching back to a time when our knowledge is very uncertain,” says Vendel Teszler, a professor at Eõtvõs Loránd University, in Budapest, who has studied Hungarian traditionalists. “Nobody can tell them exactly what clothing is historically accurate. Everything can be transformed and created.” Even tradition. (布达佩斯Eõtvõs Loránd大学研究匈牙利传统主义者的教授Vendel Teszler说：“他们回到了我们的知识非常不确定的时代。”“没有人能确切地告诉他们，什么样的服装在历史上是准确的。一切都可以被改造和创造。”即使是传统。)”可知，在教授Vendel Teszler看来匈牙利的这些新的“传统主义者”所穿的服装有可能不一定是历史上本来的样子，因为一切都可以被改造和创造。即使是传统。所以作者在最后一段引用了Vendel Teszler的话目的是为了来说明传统主义者所相信的未必是真的。故选D。
(B)
How to Survive a Disaster
At seven o’clock in the evening of 27 September 1994, the cruise ferry MS Estonia left Tallin with 989 people on board, heading for Stockholm. It never got there. Within an hour it had sunk, taking with it 852 of its passengers and crew. The death toll was so high that it appeared that many people drowned because they did nothing to save themselves. John Leach, a military survival instructor, found that in life-threatening situations, around 75% of people are so bewildered by the situation that they are unable to think clearly or plot their escape.
Why do so many people die when they need not, when they have the physical means to save themselves? Why do so many give up, or fail to adjust to the unfolding crisis? In most disaster scenarios, you don’t need special skills to survive. You just need to know what you should do.
Emergency exit
We haven’t always had a clear picture of what people really do in emergencies. Engineers designing evacuation procedures used to assume that people respond immediately when they hear an alarm, smell smoke or feel their building shake or their boat begins to list.
Yet as cases in recent decades began to show, the real challenge is getting them to move quickly enough. Rather than madness, or an animalistic stampede for the exits, it is often people’s reluctance to panic that puts them at higher risk.
One study found that half of those who survived delayed before trying to escape, making phone calls, tidying things into drawers, locking their office door, going to the toilet, completing emails, shutting down their computer. One woman accustomed to bicycling to work even returned to her office to change into her tracksuit before trying to leave.
Survival mode
The prevailing psychological explanation for these kinds of behaviours is that they are caused by a failure to adapt to a sudden change in the environment.
“In emergencies, quite often events are happening faster than you can process them” explains Leach. The situation outruns our capacity to think our way out of it. This explains why in emergencies people often fail to do things that under normal circumstances would seem obvious. So the only reliable way to shortcut this kind of impaired thinking is by preparing for an emergency in advance. Typically, survivors survive not because they are braver or more heroic than anyone else, but because they are better prepared.
Stronger together
Drury, Cocking and Reicher have documented many examples of collective resilience. Cocking thinks that people’s tendency to cooperate during emergencies increases the chances of survival for everyone.
The chances are you will never find yourself in a disaster situation. But it’s a good idea to imagine that you will: to be aware that there are threats out there, and that you can prepare for them, without sliding into panic. “All you have to do is ask yourself one simple question,” says Leach. “If something happens, what is my first response? Once you can answer that, everything else will fall into place. It’s that simple.”
60. What happened to the cruise ferry MS Estonia?
A. It sank in an hour after its departure from Tallin.
B. 75% of the people on board were killed in the end.
C. Many were mentally paralyzed facing the disaster.
D. People on board lacked necessary survival facilities.
61. Which of the following behaviors is appropriate when a disaster happens?
A. Reminding others by phone B. Recalling specific survival kills
C. Being brave to help others D. Responding to the alarm quickly
62. Which of the following is True?
A. It is beneficial to imagine the threats to conquer panic when you’re facing a disaster.
B. Preparation ahead of time works best to handle inability to respond to emergency.
C. Emergencies often happen so fast that people can’t think out of the box on the scene.
D. Engineers design evacuation procedures by fully understanding people’s responses.
【答案】60. C 61. D 62. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何在灾难中存活下来的方法。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The death toll was so high that it appeared that many people drowned because they did nothing to save themselves. John Leach, a military survival instructor, found that in life-threatening situations, around 75% of people are so bewildered by the situation that they are unable to think clearly or plot their escape.(死亡人数如此之高，以至于似乎许多人淹死了，因为他们没有采取任何自救措施。军事生存教官约翰·利奇发现，在危及生命的情况下，大约75%的人会被这种情况弄得不知所措，以至于他们无法清晰地思考或计划逃跑)”可知，“爱沙尼亚号”邮轮上许多人在面对灾难时精神崩溃。故选C。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Engineers designing evacuation procedures used to assume that people respond immediately when they hear an alarm, smell smoke or feel their building shake or their boat begins to list.(设计疏散程序的工程师过去常常假设，当人们听到警报、闻到烟味、感觉到建筑物晃动或船只开始倾斜时，他们会立即做出反应)”可知，当灾难发生时，合适的行为是迅速对警报作出反应。故选D。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“So the only reliable way to shortcut this kind of impaired thinking is by preparing for an emergency in advance.(因此，唯一可靠的捷径就是提前为紧急情况做好准备)”可知，B选项“提前准备是处理无法应对紧急情况的最佳方法”正确。故选B。
(C)
Like many historical films, Amadeus is far from a faithful account of what is known about the period and the people that it portrays. Events are exaggerated and simplified, and the complexity of real characters is reduced to suit the needs of a dramatic contrast between good and evil. Such historical liberties are often complained by experts, but few have seemed to mind the wayward story points of Amadeus. This is no doubt partly attributable to the film’s high entertainment value: it is an unusually lively and funny historical film. Furthermore, the film’s appeal is also attributable to Mozart’s music.
For all its liberties, the story is actually based on a real rumor that circulated in Vienna in the 1820s. While gravely ill, the rival composer Antonio Salieri (1750-1825) confessed he had murdered Mozart decades earlier by poisoning him. Salieri was suffering from dementia (痴呆) at the time of this confession, and he later withdrew it, but some chose to believe the claim. More than 150 years later, the English playwright Peter Shaffer based the story of Amadeus not just on Salieri’s confession but also the idea that Salieri had suffered from a deep and bitter jealousy of Mozart. In the fun-loving Mozart, the story goes, Salieri saw a true genius — one who made his own talent and accomplishments appear overshadowed — and this drove him on a vendetta (宿怨) that ultimately resulted in murder.
Shaffer’s story makes for great drama biased against Salieri. If Salieri had little reason to fear or resent Mozarfs success, there was naturally a degree of rivalry between two men working in the same profession and in the same city. Salieri and Mozart belonged to separate musical groups, and Italian and German opera fell into and out of favor during this period. The composers were therefore striving for work, including post of musical tutor to the Princess of Wiirttemberg, which Salieri successfully attained, they saw their operas’ debut side by side, yet there is little evidence of any hostility Mozart did complain in a letter to his father that Joseph H favored Salieri over all other that observation was an accurate one. Both Mozart and his father suspected that, behind the scenes, Salieri tried to undermine Mozart’s success, but these were hardly unusual suspicions in a field so reliant on sponsorship. In public, fellow composers reported that Mozart, and Salieri were friendly with another. Shortly after the premiere of Mozart’s The Magic Flute, Salieri attended a performance with Mozart, and applauded warmly and vigorously. Thus, any ill feeling between Mozart and Salieri was borne by the former rather than the latter — contrary to what is strongly depicted in Amadeus — and it stemmed from Salieri’s status and success rather than his perceived averageness.
63. According to the author, Amadeus’s appeal comes from the following EXCEPT ________.
A. depiction of Mozart’s character
B. actors’ excellent performance
C. a storyline true to history
D. Mozart’s music in the film
64. There was some rivalry between Mozart and Salieri mainly because they ________.
A. lived and worked in the same city
B. competed for musical work and post
C. joined different musical groups
D. suspected each other on some occasions
65. What does the author think of the cause of ill feeling between the two men?
A. Mozart’s experience of breaking up with his father.
B. Salieri’s attempt to undermine Mozart’s success.
C. Mozart’s success and status as a musical talent.
D. Salieri’s success and status in the musical circle.
66. Throughout the passage, the author mainly attempts to ________.
A. correct some distorted details in the film
B. analyze how the film appeals to audience
C. highlight the entertainment value of the film
D. give an account of Mozart as a genius musician
【答案】63. C 64. B 65. D 66. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Amadeus这部史诗电影中的一些失真的细节。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Like many historical films, Amadeus is far from a faithful account of what is known about the period and the people that it portrays. Events are exaggerated and simplified, and the complexity of real characters is reduced to suit the needs of a dramatic contrast between good and evil. Such historical liberties are often complained by experts, but few have seemed to mind the wayward story points of Amadeus. This is no doubt partly attributable to the film’s high entertainment value: it is an unusually lively and funny historical film. Furthermore, the film’s appeal is also attributable to Mozart’s music. (像许多历史电影一样，Amadeus远没有忠实地描述它所描绘的时代和人物。事件被夸大和简化，真实人物的复杂性被降低，以适应善恶之间戏剧性对比的需要。专家们经常抱怨这样的历史自由，但似乎很少有人在意Amadeus中任性的故事点。毫无疑问，这在一定程度上归功于这部电影的高娱乐价值：这是一部异常生动有趣的历史电影。此外，这部电影的吸引力也归功于莫扎特的音乐。)”可知，Amadeus的吸引力不包括C选项“a storyline true to history (真实的历史故事情节)”，故选C。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“If Salieri had little reason to fear or resent Mozarfs success, there was naturally a degree of rivalry between two men working in the same profession and in the same city. Salieri and Mozart belonged to separate musical groups, and Italian and German opera fell into and out of favor during this period. The composers were therefore striving for work, including post of musical tutor to the Princess of Wiirttemberg, which Salieri successfully attained, they saw their operas’ debut side by side, yet there is little evidence of any hostility Mozart did complain in a letter to his father that Joseph H favored Salieri over all other that observation was an accurate one. (如果Salieri没有理由害怕或怨恨莫扎特的成功，那么在同一城市从事同一职业的两人之间自然会有一定程度的竞争。Salieri和莫扎特属于不同的音乐团体，意大利和德国的歌剧在这一时期兴衰交替。因此，作曲家们都在努力工作，包括Salieri成功获得的Princess of Wiirttemberg的音乐导师职位，他们并肩观看了他们的歌剧首演，但几乎没有任何敌意的证据，莫扎特在给父亲的一封信中抱怨说，Joseph H最喜欢Salieri，这是一个准确的观察。)”可知，莫扎特和Salieri之间有一些竞争，主要是因为他们竞争音乐作品和职位，故选B。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“The composers were therefore striving for work, including post of musical tutor to the Princess of Wiirttemberg, which Salieri successfully attained (因此，作曲家们都在努力工作，包括Salieri成功获得的Princess of Wiirttemberg的音乐导师职位)”和最后一段的“Thus, any ill feeling between Mozart and Salieri was borne by the former rather than the latter — contrary to what is strongly depicted in Amadeus — and it stemmed from Salieri’s status and success rather than his perceived averageness. (因此，莫扎特和Salieri之间的任何怨恨都是由前者承担的，而不是后者——这与Amadeus中强烈描述的相反——而且这种怨恨源于Salieri的地位和成功，而不是他被认为的平庸。)”可知，作者认为这两个人之间产生嫌隙的原因是Salieri在音乐界的成功和地位。故选D。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Like many historical films, Amadeus is far from a faithful account of what is known about the period and the people that it portrays. Events are exaggerated and simplified, and the complexity of real characters is reduced to suit the needs of a dramatic contrast between good and evil. (像许多历史电影一样，Amadeus远没有忠实地描述它所描绘的时代和人物。事件被夸大和简化，真实人物的复杂性被降低，以适应善恶之间戏剧性对比的需要。)”和最后一段的“Thus, any ill feeling between Mozart and Salieri was borne by the former rather than the latter — contrary to what is strongly depicted in Amadeus — and it stemmed from Salieri’s status and success rather than his perceived averageness. (因此，莫扎特和Salieri之间的任何怨恨都是由前者承担的，而不是后者——这与Amadeus中强烈描述的相反——而且这种怨恨源于Salieri的地位和成功，而不是他被认为的平庸。)”可知，在整篇文章中，作者主要试图修正影片中一些失真的细节，故选A。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Teaching is widely recognized to be a stressful occupation, characterized by numerous and varied challenges: administrative burdens, long hours, classroom management difficulties, to name but a few. ____67____ They are also paid less than other workers with similar experience and education, a gap that has grown from 4.3% in 1996 to 17% in 2015. Further, teachers face significant social and political scrutiny as to how they do their jobs . 
____68____ The statistics on teacher turnover are grim: Research estimates that between 19% and 30% of new teachers leave the field within the first five years of teaching, which can reduce the team spirits of their campus community and negatively affect student learning. In the most recent PDK poll, half of teachers surveyed said they had considered leaving the profession within the last year, with low pay and high stress most frequently cited as the reasons. Of course, teacher stress is not unique to the United States. In fact, research has yielded remarkably consistent findings around the world, with roughly 20-25% of the teaching workforce reporting high levels of stress.
But if it’s clear that teacher stress is widespread, it’s not always clear how teacher stress should be defined. Traditionally, educational policy research has focused on working conditions (i.e., school administration) as the main driver of occupational health. That is, teacher stress tends to be viewed as a result of working in a stressful environment, often characterized as lacking sufficient funding or effective leadership. ____69____ In many schools, some teachers are stressed out while others are not; but if working conditions were all that mattered, then every teacher in the school would be equally stressed.
Chris Kyriacou and others have argued that teacher stress is better understood as resulting from a mismatch between the pressures and demands made on educators and their ability to cope with those demands. Workforce conditions alone are not sufficient to explain why some teachers are highly stressed. Rather, what matters most is how each teacher sees the demands they face in relation to the resources they have available to meet those demands. ____70____ And if this is true, then it should be possible to identify and intervene with teachers who are most vulnerable to stress, above and beyond efforts to improve the larger working environment.
A. These demands take a toll, resulting in job dissatisfaction, workplace fatigue, burnout, and reduced occupational commitment.
B. Just as beauty is said to be in the eye of the beholder, stress depends on the teacher’s unique view of their classroom.
C. For example, this holds true for 25% of teachers in Great Britain and Italy; 20-22% in Malaysia and Germany; and 25-26% in Australia and the U.S.
D. However, if only 20-25% of teachers report high levels of stress, then that would suggest that the working environment itself is only part of the issue.
E. Teachers are isolated from colleagues for much of the day, spending less than 5% of their work time collaborating with peers.
F. Clearly, then, there must be more to the story.
【答案】67. E 68. A 69. D 70. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了教师的压力。
【67题详解】
根据前句“Teaching is widely recognized to be a stressful occupation, characterized by numerous and varied challenges: administrative burdens, long hours, classroom management difficulties, to name but a few.(人们普遍认为教学是一项压力很大的职业，其特点是面临各种各样的挑战：行政负担、工作时间长、课堂管理困难等等。)”和后句“They are also paid less than other workers with similar experience and education, a gap that has grown from 4.3% in 1996 to 17% in 2015.(他们的工资也低于其他具有相似经验和教育背景的员工，差距从1996年的4.3%扩大到2015年的17%。)”可知，这里继续介绍教师所面临的挑战，所以选择项E“Teachers are isolated from colleagues for much of the day, spending less than 5% of their work time collaborating with peers.(教师一天中的大部分时间都与同事隔绝，与同事合作的时间不到5%。)”符合上下文语境，后句中的They指代的就是E项中的Teachers，故选E。
【68题详解】
根据上文和后文“The statistics on teacher turnover are grim: Research estimates that between 19% and 30% of new teachers leave the field within the first five years of teaching, which can reduce the team spirits of their campus community and negatively affect student learning. In the most recent PDK poll, half of teachers surveyed said they had considered leaving the profession within the last year, with low pay and high stress most frequently cited as the reasons. (关于教师流动的统计数据令人担忧：研究估计，19%到30%的新教师在教学的头五年内离开了这个领域，这可能会降低教师队伍的团队精神，并对学生的学习产生负面影响。在最近的PDK民意调查中，一半的受访教师表示，他们在去年考虑过离开教师行业，最常见的原因是工资低和压力大。)”可知，本段主要介绍教师面临各种各样的挑战所带来的影响。所以选择项A“These demands take a toll, resulting in job dissatisfaction, workplace fatigue, burnout, and reduced occupational commitment. (这些要求造成了损失，导致工作不满、工作疲劳、倦怠和职业承诺减少。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
【69题详解】
根据前句“That is, teacher stress tends to be viewed as a result of working in a stressful environment, often characterized as lacking sufficient funding or effective leadership. (也就是说，教师压力往往被视为在压力环境中工作的结果，通常以缺乏足够的资金或有效的领导为特征。)”和后文“In many schools, some teachers are stressed out while others are not; but if working conditions were all that mattered, then every teacher in the school would be equally stressed. (一些老师压力很大，而另一些则没有；但是，如果工作条件是唯一重要的，那么学校里的每个老师都会同样的压力。)”可知，这里继续介绍教师工作环境与压力之间的联系。所以选择项D“However, if only 20-25% of teachers report high levels of stress, then that would suggest that the working environment itself is only part of the issue. (然而，如果只有20-25%的教师报告高水平的压力，那么这就表明工作环境本身只是问题的一部分。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【70题详解】
根据前句“Rather, what matters most is how each teacher sees the demands they face in relation to the resources they have available to meet those demands. (相反，最重要的是每位教师如何看待他们所面临的需求与他们所拥有的资源之间的关系，以满足这些需求。)”和后句“And if this is true, then it should be possible to identify and intervene with teachers who are most vulnerable to stress, above and beyond efforts to improve the larger working environment. (如果这是真的，那么除了努力改善更大的工作环境之外，我们应该有可能识别和干预那些最容易受到压力影响的教师。)”可知，不同的教师的压力可能不尽相同。所以选择项B“Just as beauty is said to be in the eye of the beholder, stress depends on the teacher’s unique view of their classroom. (就像情人眼里出西施一样，压力也取决于老师对课堂的独特看法。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words asfar as possible.
How to Be a Successful Team Leader?
Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills.
A team consists of both leaders and followers. Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other. What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. If a leader doesn’t have fierce determination, the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well.
What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments. These kinds of leaders are trustworthy, and thus, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved. They are role models who can have a strong influence on the whole team.
To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students. Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you collaborate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader.
It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young. Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed. Besides, honesty, fairness, and objective attitudes can win a leader trust and reliability in handling of interpersonal relationships. Moreover, skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何成为一名成功的团队领导者。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Although we students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills.
②What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team.
③A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support.
④They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments.
⑤To become a powerful leader at school, students have to take the initiative in connecting with their fellow students.
⑥Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader.
2.缜密构思
将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行重组
3.遣词造句
The ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed.
Skillful communication or staying connected with peers is significant for a promising leader.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
It is essential to develop leadership skills when you’re young.（运用了when引导时间状语从句对第一段内容进行概括）
[高分句型2]
Firstly, the ability to keep the team united and determination to accomplish the same goal are needed.（运用了动词不定式作后置定语对第二段的部分内容进行概括）
第II卷 (共40分)
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 在组织慈善捐赠时务必要事无巨细考虑周全。(account) （汉译英）
【答案】Make/Be sure to take every detail into account when organizing a charitable donation.
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句、省略句和固定短语。表示“务必”短语为make/be sure to do sth.；表示“事无巨细考虑周全”短语为take every detail into account；when引导时间状语从句，且当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，表示“组织慈善捐赠”应用organize a charitable donation。此处为肯定祈使句。故翻译为Make/Be sure to take every detail into account when organizing a charitable donation.
73. 这部新上映的电影主要是为了呼吁相关各方及时关注青少年抑郁症的迹象。(mean) （汉译英）
【答案】The newly-released film is mainly meant to appeal to/call on all the parties concerned to pay attention to the signs of depression among teenagers in time.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“这部新上映的电影”短语为the newly-released film；表示“主要是为了”应用短语be mainly meant to；表示“呼吁”可用短语appeal to或call on sb. to do sth.；表示“相关各方”翻译为all the parties concerned；表示“关注青少年抑郁症的迹象”短语为to pay attention to the signs of depression among teenagers；表示“及时”短语为 in time。陈述客观事实为一般现在时。故翻译为The newly-released film is mainly meant to appeal to/call on all the parties concerned to pay attention to the signs of depression among teenagers in time.
74. 如果你用更短的时间对客户的需求了如指掌，你将有更大的可能成功申请到销售经理的职位。(take) （汉译英）
【答案】If it takes you a shorter time to know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of customers’ needs, you will be more likely to succeed in applying for a position as sales manager.
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句，时态，主谓一致和固定短语。“如果你用更短的时间对客户的需求了如指掌”用if引导的条件状语从句，时态用一般现在时，“更短的时间做某事”是固定短语it takes you a shorter time to do sth.，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，“对……了如指掌”是know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of，“客户的需求”是customers’ needs，“你将有更大的可能成功申请到销售经理的职位”用一般将来时，“有更大的可能做某事”是be more likely to do，“成功做某事”是succeed in doing，“申请”是apply for，用动名词作宾语，“销售经理的职位”是a position as sales manager，因此整句话翻译为“If it takes you a shorter time to know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of customers’ needs, you will be more likely to succeed in applying for a position as sales manager”，故答案为If it takes you a shorter time to know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of customers’ needs, you will be more likely to succeed in applying for a position as sales manager.
75. 放弃相夫教子生活的杨紫琼(Michelle Yeoh)，在好莱坞摸爬滚打20多年，最终在耳顺之年获得奥斯卡最佳女演员，让全世界对她刮目相看。(end up) （汉译英）
【答案】Michelle Yeoh who gave up the life of bringing up children and acting as an assistant to their husband had experienced the hardship of a career in Hollywood , and finally ended up achieving the Best Actress Oscar in her sixties, which made all the world deeply impressed.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和动词。根据句意可知，该句应使用过去时态；“杨紫琼”为Michelle Yeoh作主语，分析句子结构，表示“在好莱坞摸爬滚打20多年，最终在耳顺之年获得奥斯卡最佳女演员”为句子主干，表示“在好莱坞摸爬滚打20多年”可转述为“过去20多年在好莱坞经历过职业的艰难”，表示“经历过”应为experience，且发生在主句谓语gave up之前，所以使用过去完成时态为had experienced，表示“职业生涯的艰难”应为the hardship of a career作宾语，表示“在好莱坞”为in Hollywood作状语，表示“在过去的20多年”应为over the past two decades；表示“最终在耳顺之年获得奥斯卡最佳女演员”与“在好莱坞摸爬滚打20多年”为并列结构，用and连接，表示“最终”为eventually作状语，表示“获得奥斯卡最佳女演员”应为end up achieving the Best Actress Oscar应使用一般过去时态应为ended up achieving the Best Actress Oscar，表示“在耳顺之年”为in her sixties，所以主句应为Michelle Yeoh had experienced the hardship of a career in Hollywood , and finally ended up achieving the Best Actress Oscar in her sixties；表示“放弃相夫教子生活的”作定语修饰主语Michelle Yeoh，且从句中缺少主语指人，所以使用关系代词who引导，表示“放弃”应为give up作定语从句的谓语，使用一般过去时态为gave up，表示“……的生活”应为the life of作gave up的宾语，表示“相夫教子”应为bring up children and act as an assistant to their husband作介词of的宾语，所以应使用动名词短语形式，所以为bringing up children and acting as an assistant to their husband，所以定语从句应为who gave up the life of bringing up children and acting as an assistant to their husband置于Michelle Yeoh之后；表示“让全世界对她刮目相看”应为非限制性定语从句，解释主句，应为make all the world deeply impressed，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词which，所以非限制性定语从句译为which made all the world deeply impressed置于主句之后。故翻译为Michelle Yeoh who gave up the life of bringing up children and acting as an assistant to their husband had experienced the hardship of a career in Hollywood , and finally ended up achieving the Best Actress Oscar in her sixties, which made all the world deeply impressed.。
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学校计划下月起进一步改进食堂服务，提高餐饮质量和用餐体验，现校长室向全校师生征求意见和建议。请结合自身实际，发送一封邮件至校长信箱，提出合理的建议和理由，文中不得出现本人姓名和班级等真实信息。
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【答案】Dear headmaster,
When I heard the news that our school planned to further improve the quality of foods and drinks as well as the experience when eating, I couldn’t wait to write an email to provide some of my suggestions.
As for foods and drinks, it’s beyond doubt that it is crucial to students’ health. Consequently, rich nutrition can guarantee that we have the full energy to strive for our dream universities. On the other hand, more varieties mean larger appetite, which is also a big deal to us students. In order to address the phenomenon that many students have lost appetite for the dishes, our school should ensure that there is a wide variety of dishes every day.
When it comes to the experience when eating, adding enough air conditioners is a must since many students pouring into the canteen in a second cause the bad air quality, especially in summer.
In conclusion, nutrition and varieties of food and the need for air conditioners require to be urgently improved. I would be much obliged if my suggestions could be adopted.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校计划下月起进一步改进食堂服务，提高餐饮质量和用餐体验，现校长室向全校师生征求意见和建议。请结合自身实际，发送一封邮件至校长信箱，提出合理的建议和理由。
【详解】1.词语积累
建议：suggestions→proposals
应该：should→be supposed to
因为：since→because
总而言之：in conclusion→all in all
2. 句式拓展
简单句变强调句
原句：In conclusion, nutrition and varieties of food and the need for air conditioners require to be urgently improved.
强调句：In conclusion, it is nutrition and varieties of food and the need for air conditioners that require to be urgently improved.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Consequently, rich nutrition can guarantee that we have the full energy to strive for our dream universities. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】On the other hand, more varieties mean larger appetite, which is also a big deal to us students. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)