2022-2023学年上海市南洋模范中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题含答案

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  2022学年第二学期南模中学高二年级英语学科期中考试（本次考试时间120分钟, 满分140分, 命题人：姜颖, 审题人：葛文雪） I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper; and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a newsstand.       B. At a car dealer's. C. At a publishing house.      D. At a newspaper office. 2. A. Waiter and guest.       B. Husband and wife. C. Mother and son.        D. Boss and employee. 3. A. The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience. B. She does not quite agree with what the man said. C. The man had better talk with the students himself. D. New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A. Plan his budget carefully.     B. Give her more information. C. Ask someone else for advice.     D. Buy a gift for his girlfriend. 5. A. Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.   B. Jill missed her class last week. C. Jill wore the overcoat last week.    D. She is in the same class as the man. 6. A. An art museum.       B. A beautiful park. C. A college campus.       D. An architecture exhibition. 7. A. He is a librarian.       B. He is a professor. C. He is an accountant.       D. He is a reporter. 8. A. Whether the man has attended the conference. B. Whether the conference is successful. C. Whether the photos are ready. D. Whether the quality of the pictures is good. 9. A. To put him through to the director. B. To have a talk with the director about his work. C. To arrange an appointment for him with the director. D. To go and see if the director can meet him right now. 10. A. Give Bob a phone call.     B. Go and pick Bob up. C. Go looking for Bob.       D. Wait for Bob.  Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversations and short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversations and the passages. The conversations and passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Peaceful.   B. Considerate.   C. Generous.  D. Cooperative. 12. A. Someone dumped the clothes left in the washer and dryer. B. Someone broke the washer and dryer by overloading them. C. Mindy Lance's laundry blocked the way to the laundry room. D. Mindy Lance threatened to take revenge on her neighbours. 13. A. Asking the neighbourhood committee for help. B. Limiting the amount of laundry for each wash. C. Informing the building manager of the matter. D. Installing a few more washers and dryers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Physics.   B. Chemistry.   C. French.   D. Media studies. 15. A. More than 144, 000.     B. About 147, 500. C. 7. 5% of all the test takers.    D. 4. 6% of all the test takers. 16. A. Few students avoid harder subjects. B. Each subject has the same level of difficulty. C. Some subjects are more difficult than others. D. Pupils are important to the country's development. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To make preparations for a new publication. B. To learn how couples spend their weekends. C. To know how housework is shared. D. To investigate what people do at the weekend. 18. A. He goes to exercise classes.    B. He goes sailing. C. He goes to the cinema.      D. He stays at home. 19. A. Friday.   B. Saturday.    C. Sunday.   D. Any weekday. 20. A. Surname.  B. Job title.    C. Address.   D. Age.  II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Scientists have discovered that dogs produce more facial movements when a human is paying attention to them than when they are being ignored or presented with a tasty small piece of food. The research argues 21 _the belief that animal facial expressions are largely unconscious movements, that reflect internal sentiments, rather than a way to communicate. Their expressions are responsive to humans - not just to other dogs. That shows us how domestication_22 （shape）them. “Facial expression is often seen as something that is very emotionally driven and is very fixed, and so it isn't something that animals can change_23 （depend） on their circumstances, " said Bridget Waller, professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Portsmouth, and an author of the study. Researchers  _24 _（involve） in the study published in Scientific Reports, used a video camera to record the facial movements of 24 dogs over a series of experiments  _25 _a human cither faced the animal, or faced away, and presented the dog with a tidbit（小片 食物）, or did not. The recordings were then examined by the team frame by frame _26 _（determine） changes in the facial muscles of the canines. The results reveal that the dogs produced far more facial expressions when the human was facing the dog, than when they turned away -in particular, the animals were _27 （likely） to show their tongues and raise their inner eyebrows. But the presence of food had no impact on the animals' expressions. That suggested canine facial expressions were not just down to excitement, and cast doubt over_28 dogs use their facial expressions to twist their owners around their paws, said Waller. “We wanted to see if dogs would produce the most facial expressions when they saw the face and the food, because that might then tell us they are trying to intentionally manipulate the human in order to get the food- and we didn't see that, " said Waller. The study suggested doggy expressions were not simply the result of internal emotions, but _29 be a mechanism of communication. The team noted their work didn't show whether dogs simply learn to pull faces when a human1 pays attention to them, or whether it reflects a deeper connection. But, they said, it was notable that the animals tended to make their eyes appear bigger-30_trait humans are known to find cute. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. polluted B. consideration C. undergoing D. alternatives E. account F. power G. gathered                            H. locally              I. present              J. readily              K. available The course of human history has seen several changes in the forms of energy. Human inventions have dramatically increased the average amount of energy_31_ for use per person. The first step toward the developing of more efficient fuels was taken when people discovered that they could use vegetable oils and animal fats instead of_32 or cut wood. Charcoal gave off a more intensive heat than1 wood and was more easily obtainable than organic fats. The Greeks first began to use coal for metal smelting in the 4th century, but it didn't come into extensive use until the Industrial Revolution. In the 1700s, more energy used in the United States and other nations_33_industrialization came from renewable sources such as wood, water streams and wind etc. These were _34 _obtainable supplies. By mid-1800, 91 percent of all commercial energy consumed in the United States 'and European countries was obtained from wood. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, coal became a major energy source and replaced wood. Although in most regions and climate zones wood was more 35 _accessible than coal, the latter represents a more concentrated source of energy. In 1910, natural gas and oil firmly replaced coal as the main source of fuel because they burned more cleanly and  _36 _less. Unlike coal, oil could be refined to manufacture liquid fuels for vehicles, a very important_37_in the early 1900s, when the automobile arrived on the scene. Nowadays, fuels such as oil and natural gas provide over 82 percent of commercial and industrial energy to _38 _ the world economic growth. Other forms of energy derived from nuclear fission and solar powver_39_for 18 percent. However, with the petroleum prices rising and the limitations in fossil fuels, energy_40  _will eventually become more attractive to reduce the dependency on oil and natural gas.  III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, however, to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviours have multiple components. __41_one and the others become distorted. Travel on a London bus and you'll_42_see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to__43_that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are_44_. Safety and security for the old, the sick, the disabled? No time for that. And how about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists. Why? Because the target is_45_. People complained that buses were late and infrequent. _46_, the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were_47_ or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit their targets. But they also hit cyclists. People are hurt on buses and by buses. If the target was changed to _48_, you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more_49 drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time. There is another problem: people become immensely_50_in hitting targets. Have you noticed that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a trip is_51_to take. A one-hour flight is now_52 as a two-hour flight. It's the same with rail journeys. They now take twice as long as they did 20 or even 40 years ago. The_53_of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion or even two and you may well_54_ others. Everything （well almost everything） can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a cost. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences. This is not an argument against target-setting or, as it is sometimes called, “management by objectives” with the use of “key performance indicators” （KPI）. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria relating to critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not to_55_just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better achieve the objective. 41. A. Emphasize B. Identify C. Assess D. Explain42. A. nearly B. curiously C. eagerly D. quickly43. A. claim B. prove C. check D. recall44. A. threatened B. ignored C. mocked D. blamed45. A. punctuality B. hospitality C. competition D. innovation46. A. Yet B. So C. Besides D. Still47. A. hired B. trained C. rewarded D. grouped48. A. comfort B. revenue C. efficiency D. security49. A. friendly B. quiet C. cautious D. diligent50. A. persistent B. practical C. emotional D. inventive51. A. assigned B. tailored C. adapted D. meant52. A. billed B. restricted C. classified D. compromised 53. A. moral B. background C. style D. form54. A. interpret B. criticize C. sacrifice D. tolerate55. A. specify B. predict C. restore D. crcateSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A）With loving hands and a delicate hook, a craftsman is making the world a little warmer by crocheting（用钩针织）colorful caps--almost as colorful as the tattoos on his muscular forearms. Kurt Stapleton learned to crochet in prison a decade ago. Now he's making hats for cancer patients who've lost their hair. "About a year ago, I initially posted something about making chemo （化疗）hats and friends shared it, ＂ the 42-year-old told CNN. He thought his post might raise a little local interest in the knit caps. "I got a lot more than I anticipated. "Now the Madison, Wisconsin resident ships his caps to cancer patients all around the world, free of charge. He has made about 50 hats in the last month and has another 40 or so on order. People as far away as Thailand, South Africa and the Philippines are wearing his hats. Stapleton also receives donations from across the globe to help fund his project. "Because of donations, I'm now able to put lotion, candy and what they really need when they are going through chemo. "Stapleton knows all too well what chemo patients need. In 2006, he lost his father to bladder cancer. "I wasn't able to do anything to help him. It happened so fast, " he said. The caps he makes now are his way of honoring his father. "I'm trying to put some good into the world. "The death of his father was part of 'a tough period in Stapleton's life. He had other struggles. In May of 2009, he was arrested and charged with two counts of armed robbery. "I was addicted to Percocet and Vicodin. I went to a pharmacy and told them to give me the pills, " he said. "That was rock bottom. "During his three years behind bars, Stapleton learned crocheting. It was comforting for him, so he spent a lot of time learning how to do it. "They had a donation program for prisoners to make things for children in need, " he said. "I started that way. I taught myself. "Stapleton, who manages a warehouse, stands well over six feet tall and weighs 230 pounds. But he's all heart. "I pick up my son from daycare after work, " he said. "I do chores around the house and feed the animals. " His animals include a dog, two gerbils, three cats, four tortoises, a fish and a reptile called a bearded dragon. "In between time, I crochet, " he said. Wendy Oren of Edgerton, Wisconsin, is fighting ovarian cancer. She wvears one of Stapleton's caps like a suit of armor. "You can't put it into words -- what someone thinks is the littlest thing. And for him to not even know me, to make sure I got a hat, it was just a wonderful feeling, " she told CNN. "I felt supported and loved. "But Stapleton is quick to deflect praise for his efforts. "I'm just a guy making hats, " he said. "The people who are battling cancer are the heroes. "*Note:Percocet and Vicodin are painkillers. 56. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A man started up a new career by finding his talent in crocheting. B. A man turned over a new leaf with inspiration from his father. C. A man brightened cancer patients' lives with a skill learned in prison. D. A man struggled to beat his drug addiction through posts about chemo hats online. 57. The description of Kurt Stapleton's tattoos on his muscular forearms and his strong build serves to ______.A. illustrate that he used to be a tough guyB. show the possibility of his violent natureC. provide a contrast to his caring heart and manual skillsD. imply the struggles he has suffered before58. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Stapleton includes other stuff along with the caps he sends to cancer patients. B. Stapleton receives donations to cover the shipping expenses. C. With a large demand for chemo hats in the local area, Stapleton needs help. D. Stapleton was sentenced to ten years in prison and was set free one year ago. 59. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Stapleton feels guilty about failing to make a cap for his father. B. Stapleton feels he should have done more for cancer patients. C. Stapleton knows his caps mean a lot to those who get them. D. Stapleton uses his own way to honor his late father. （B）The Shepherd's Life by James RebanksReviewed by HelenaNo lyrical, romantic account, but a hard-bitten, dull and down-to-earth story of a family, a community and an environment. A story of cycles - of seasons, years, people, generations, stretches back centuries. A story of farming which only exists now in the remoter, wilder regions of the UK, where the land is too hard and the environment too harsh for farming to be an "agribusiness". Where success, survival of farms, their sheep are dependent on knowledge passed down through generations and shared between farmers and shepherds in a small, close-knit and mutually-dependent community. A story of people hefted to their land every bit as much as their sheep are hefted to their fells. A Month in the Country by J. L. CarrReviewed by L. R. FisherIt is unbelievably simple and delightfully slow-paced, full of Lawrence-like description of a vanished （消失的） country landscape. The focal points are a casual and peculiar friendship between two war-scarred, shell-shocked men Tom Birkin and Moon. In a book barely 100 pages long, the author not only manages to give us a story that flows like a stream, but also achieves impressive characterization, bitter feelings of war and a corresponding celebration of peace, a little suspense, and even a twist in the tail. A Walk in the Woods by Bill BrysonReviewed by T. BentlyHaving read all of Bill Bryson's travel books, this was the last one left. I hadn't read this because I had been told it was one of his weakest one. But I decided, through no other reason that I needed a hit of Bryson, to read it. People couldn't have been more wrong, From the very beginning of assessing the feasibility, arranging for Katz to accompany him to the purchasing of his equipment and the purchasing of "a large knife for killing bears and hillbillies", Bryson is at his absolute best. His cute eye is a wise witness to this beautiful but fragile trail. His encounters along the trail and Katz anti-social, childish antics（滑稽动作）make thie first 150 pages more than a laugh-out-loud hike. I couldn't have been more surprised. An adventure, a comedy, and a celebration, A Walk in the Woods is destined to become a modern classic. 60. In The Shepherd's Life, James Rebanks takes readers through a shepherds' life __.A. featuring a hard struggle in the remote and beautiful arcaB. alternated by the seasons and changed by the generationsC. little noticed, and deeply attached to the harsh landD. spent in a profitable agricultural and friendly community61. From the review of A Month in the Country we can learn that Tom and Moon _______.A. have lived in a slow-paced country throughout their lifeB. are war survivors with troubled memoriesC. were deafened by the explosion of a shell in the warD. will make the end of their story more fascinating to read62. By saying “People couldn't have been more wrong”, the reviewer wants to say that __.A. Bryson's travel book is the best seller in travelling literatureB. Bryson's travelling experience is laughableC. it's a pity that people turn a blind eye to Bryson's travelling experienceD. A Walk in the Wood combines artistic quality well with natural beauty（C）Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that would ban businesses from going cashless- a move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic payments but would strengthen resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as discriminatory. Almost 1 of 3 Americans in 2018 say they don't use cash during a typical week of purchases, according to a Pew Research Center study released this week. The findings reveal that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency, mirroring shifts in Sweden, India and China. But state and local officials say that restaurants and shops that adopt cashless policies have left some members of the community behind-individuals without the means to open a bank account or who lack access to lines of credit or the mobile apps that power digital payments. The New Jersey measure, which would apply only to face-to-face sales and would exclude Internet and phone purchases, comes as officials push similar efforts to bar no-cash rules in New York, Philadelphia and the District. While cashless policies offer consumers the promise of convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft and shoddy record-keeping, they also can exclude low-income consumers or undocumented immigrants, critics say. “Cash-free businesses are discriminatory by design and pose challenges to low-income communities that may not have access to credit/debit, ” New York City Council member Ritchie Torres said on Twitter last month when he introduced a bill that would ban the practice. According to the Pew study, the decline in the use of physical currency is uneven among the population when race, age and income are accounted for. Pew found a significant gap in cashless adoption tied to annual household income, with adults making at least $75, 000 more than twice as likely to make all their purchases without using cash in a typical week, compared with people who make less than $30, 000. The Pew findings suggest that the benefits of going cashless may come with a cost that only some groups of people will bear. Americans with lower incomes are roughly four times as likely than higher eamers to make all or almost all of their purchases with cash, according to the study. As CNBC has noted, business leaders have defended cashless policies by pointing to higher security and improved customer service and efficiency, even as they acknowledge their critics. Some advocates have focused on providing people who are underserved by the traditional banking system with more affordable options, attacking the root cause behind the criticisms of cashless payments. ＊Note：CNBC美国消费者新闻与商业频道63. What can be inferred about the global trend towards electronic payments?A. Countries in the world are banning digital payments in their own ways. B. Most countries are experiencing the increasing digitalization of payments. C. Some countries are proposing measures to discourage cashless policies. D. Most countries are actively promoting the circulation of physical currencies. 64. Why are some people left behind by no-cash policies?A. Because they are opposed to electronic payments. B. Because they lack the motive to open a bank account. C. Because they don't have access to financial institutions. D. Because they are unable to use payment-related mobile apps. 65. Cashless policies may bring about the following benefits EXCEPT ___.A. great convenience to consumersB. greater protection against theftC. excluding undocumented immigrantsD. improvement in customer service and efficiency66. What is implied in the passage?A. Americans with higher income are more likely to use cash. B. Paper currencies will be replaced by digital payments soon. C. Some people may pay a price for adopting electronic payments. D. The gap in household income is irrelevant to the payment habits of people.  Section CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used onlyonce. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. In return, they receive $250 to $300 for 125 kilograms of coffee. B. It protects forests, biodiversity and ecosystems at the same time. C. Colombia has set aside 16 percent of its territory as protected land. D. Gold mining and coca farming make more money than coffee growing. E. But now he feels that growing coffee lets him be a good steward of the land. F. The goal is to limit additional development in the northern San Lucas area which is rich in biodiversity, meaning many forms of life live there. An environmental group in Colombia is leading a project to save wild areas in the San1 Lucas mountains with the help of coffee growers. 67 ___Colombia has more different kinds of living things than any country after neighboring Brazil, but destruction of forests has increased since 2016. Government information shows that in 2017, almost 220, 000 hectares of forest were destroyed compared to 124, 000 hectares in 2015. Areas like San Lucas have been threatened by mining and growers of coca plants, which are used to make the drug cocaine. To date, the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants. WebConserva said the project costs about $77, 000 dollars a year. The group said it hopes that, in time, 200 families will be included. At that level, 20, 000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected. In San Lucas, the families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals from the forest. 68 ___Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part. His new coffee plantation establishes a barrier between cattle ranches and forests where wild animals like the jaguar live and hunt. The presence of the coffee fields reduces the likelihood that there will be conflict between cattle ranchers and the big cats. Barajas said that cutting down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against his faith. 69 ___ “I'm taking care of the environment, the forest and the animals, so that I don't end up ruined as well, ”he said. Arnobis Romero is a former coca grower and miner. He said many families depended on illegal activities to support their children. For example, at times one kilogram of Coca could be sold for $760. Romero said, “We feel really proud to look after this biodiversity and to leave it . . . . for future generations. ” 70 ___But each year, hundreds of thousands of hectares of land are destroyed. Activists want San Lucas to be protected as a national park, but the process has been slow. V. Translation（第71～81题每题2分, 第82题3分, 共25分）请使用选必二Unit 3～4和选必三Unit1中学过的词汇。71. Maria ___（向丈夫示意）not to make too much noise while preparing the breakfast in case he woke the sleeping baby. 72. Quality products make an important contribution to long-term revenue and profitability, so we can't speed up production ___（以质量为代价）. 73. Older generations need to retire in order to let the younger generation ___（让年轻的一代为新概念注入新鲜生命）and allow society to progress. 74. There is much ___（成熟和创意）in Picasso＇s painting. His ideas were often ___（令人激动但又具有争议）. 75. After being rescued, ___（受惊的小孩紧紧抓住她母亲的胳膊）and didn't want to be sent hospital for treatment. 76. Many netizens stood behind the woman, ___（称赞她捍卫自我的勇气）and criticizing the manager due to negligence of duty. 77. Brittany, full of self-catering accommodation options, ___（是一个受人青睐的家庭度假目的地）, with good campsites and holiday villages dotted all over the region. 78. Look through the news headlines on the Internet and find what ___（找出它们与你的项目的相关处）. 79. Five-year-olds are not permitted to travel alone unless ___（除非他们由一位成年乘客陪同）. 80. Beta acids are essential oils, and act as flavor compounds that ___（给了啤酒一种特有的味道和气味）, with a slightly sour aftertaste. 81. Distance-learning courses allow students ___（允许学生走出课程）and can be rewarding as they succeed totally through their own effort and the only deadlines are those ___（唯一的期限就是他们给自己施加的期限）. 82. Initially, Mandela's family ___（既不理解他对这场斗争的执著, 也不想被卷入其中）.  VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 word is according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 下面的漫画展示的是剧场中的场景。请以此为素材写篇短文。你的作文必须包括：·简要描述漫画内容；·就其折射出的社会现象谈谈你的感想。（注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。）