2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练（全国通用）第37讲完形填空说明文和议论文（Word版附解析）

这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练（全国通用）第37讲完形填空说明文和议论文（Word版附解析），共4页。试卷主要包含了 命题规律及备考策略， 复核， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第37讲 完形填空说明文和议论文（核心考点精讲精练）


1. 三年真题完形填空说明文考点细目表

试卷
年份
体裁
主题
考查类型
语境
内容
(短语)
动词
名词
(短语)
形容词
(短语)
副词
介词
(短语)
全国乙卷
2023
记叙文
人与自我
完善自我
12
3
5
1
0
全国甲卷
2023
记叙文
人与社会
人际交往
8
4
7
0
1
新高考Ⅰ卷
2023
记叙文
人与社会
人际关系
6
7
2
0
0
新高考Ⅱ卷
2023
记叙文
人与社会
人际关系
7
3
4
1
0
全国卷Ⅰ/
全国乙卷
2022
说明文
人与社会
人际关系
7
7
4
2
0
2021
夹叙夹议
人与社会
人际交往
10
7
1
2
0
2020
夹叙夹议
人与自我
完善自我
6
8
3
2
1
2019
记叙文
人与自然
环境保护
8
7
4
1
0
全国卷Ⅱ/
全国甲卷
2022
记叙文
人与社会
人际交往
8
7
1
3
1
2021
记叙文
人与自我
完善自我
10
5
4
1
0
2020
记叙文
人与社会
文化遗产
11
4
3
2
0
2019
记叙文
人与社会
人际关系
9
5
3
2
1
全国卷Ⅲ
2020
记叙文
人与社会
社会关系
8
3
6
1
2
2019
夹叙夹议
人与自然
人与环境
9
4
5
2
0

2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
议论文：绝大多数议论文类完形填空在开头提出论点，然后在余下的段落或文字里进行阐述或提出分论点。议论文类完形填空的三要素(论点、论据和论证)一般有序地分布在引子、正文、结论部分。
说明文：该类完形填空最显著的特点是：
1．开头点题，语篇在最开始就交代出要说明的事物或现象。
2．说明文的写作一般按时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序、认知顺序。弄清说明顺序对理解文章细节大有裨益。
总之，辨别了文章体裁之后，依据各种体裁的成文手法，结合语篇的具体内容，就可大大提升筛选正确答案的概率。
【备考策略】
1. 通览
把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。
把握文章的开头，总结文章的结尾。议论文的篇首或结尾出现话题中心，通过首段或末段把握文章的主题。
2. 试填
注意段与段之间的逻辑。议论文往往围绕某一个论点用不同的论据加以佐证，往往每一段就是一个论据，而论据和论据之间又相互联系、互为补充，每一段往往就是其中一个角度或侧面。
3. 复核
通读全文，检验每条论据是否都合情合理，都能强而有力地支撑论点。

【命题预测】
预计2024年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言运用能力。



题型总览（句间层次题）

议论文都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法），这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此，典型的议论文一般就由序论（提出问题，即what）、本论（分析问题，即why）和结论（解决问题，即how）三个部分构成，其具体的结构模式又有以下三种：
模式一：引言段（提出观点）——正方论点心（支持作者的观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者的观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议） 在这种模式中，文章主体段（中间部分）的每一个部分论述一个论点，这些论点以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的论点在最后面，以示强调。
模式二：引言段（提出观点）——反面意见（反方观点+作者的反驳）、正方论点1（支持作者观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）
在这种模式中，文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳，以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。
模式三：引言段（提出观点）——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）
在这种模式中，作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点，然后再进行反驳。
议论文有自己的语言个性，它不同于记叙文的生动形象，也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述，因此，它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时，它的语言也很准确，合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用，诸如since（既然），now that（既然），therefore（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），so（所以），It follows that…（因而…），If…，we may conclude that …（如果……，我们可以这样下结论……），Should it be the case （如果是这样的话……），Idon’t want to…,but…（我并不想……），It is true that…,but…（诚然……但是……）,Even if …（即使……）等有辩论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构，以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外，作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳，在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气，不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉，在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。


考点一遇搭配，直接选
　

【2023年全国甲卷】Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we ___41 stayed___ there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike ___42___ its way down the hill toward us.
42. A. making B. searching C. squeezing D. feeling
解析：根据后文“coming to 　　　4　　　 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东西的，所以make one’s way复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。
答案：A

【2023届福建省高中毕业班4月适应性练习】Now, in his late seventies, Martins is still taking ____35____ to work and has conducted over a thousand concerts.
35．A．measures B．chances C．courage D．trouble
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，年近七旬的Martins仍在努力工作，并指挥了一千多场音乐会。A. measures措施；B. chances机会；C. courage勇气；D. trouble费事，不便。根据上文“in his late seventies”可知，年近七旬的Martins仍在努力工作，take trouble to do意为“不辞辛苦地做……”。故选D。

考点二 据常识，作判断

考生做题时，要积极调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异。
　
（2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷）Once there, Lenoue was ____49_assessed___ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____50____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
解析：根据前面she had serious injuries in one of her knees可知，膝盖受伤严重，跑步肯定是极度疼痛的。
答案：B

【2023届浙江省义乌市高三下学期5月适应性考试】Having a friend when you most need it not only gets you through the ____35____ parts in your life — it also gives you the confidence to be a friend to others.
35．A．unknown B．rough C．special D．busy
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在你最需要的时候拥有一个朋友，它不仅能帮你度过生活中的艰难时刻，还能让你有信心成为别人的朋友。A. unknown未知的；B. rough艰难的；C. special特别的；D. busy忙的。根据本句主语“Having a friend”可知，朋友帮你度过生活中的艰难时刻。故选B。

考点三 平行结构句中现
试题命制者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度出发，利用其表现出的意义的关联性或对比性这一特点来设空。

（2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）The flight was _____53_____, and Tiffy was a great passenger.
53. A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful
解析：根据下文“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。
答案：D


1.【2023届浙江省镇海中学高三5月模拟】
My cousin is nine years old, a little bit fat and doesn’t do really well at school. She is heavily____21____, and thus has developed some resistance and____22____towards adults, who usually don’t put high hopes in her.
21．A．abused B．adored C．challenged D．teased
22．A．satisfaction B．dependence C．distrust D．appreciation
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她经常被嘲笑，因此对成年人产生了一些抵制和不信任，而成年人通常不会对她寄予厚望。A. abused虐待；B. adored崇拜；C. challenged挑战；D. teased取笑。根据上文“My cousin is nine years old, a little bit fat and doesn’t do really well at school.”可知她有点胖，因此被人取笑。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. satisfaction满意；B. dependence    依赖；C. distrust不信任；D. appreciation欣赏。和上文的“resistance”并列，所以应该是不信任，故选C。




过关检测

（2023·重庆·西南大学附中校考三模）We have no idea what the job market will look like in 2050. It is generally agreed that machine learning and robotics will 1 almost every line of work — from producing yoghurt to teaching yoga. 2 , there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency. Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 3 redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run 4 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.
So, are we really facing a terrifying sudden change, or are such 5 meant to attract people’s attention? It is hard to say. Fears that automation will create considerable 6 go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, for every job lost to a machine at least one new job was 7 , and the average standard of living has increased greatly.
Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different, and that machine learning will be a real 8 . Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 9 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive. 10 , as physical jobs in agriculture and industry were automated, new service jobs appeared that required the kind of cognitive skills only humans possess. They include learning, 11 , communicating and, above all else, understanding human emotions. However, AI is now beginning to 12 humans in more and more of these skills, including the understanding of human emotions.
We don’t know of any third field of activity — beyond the physical and the cognitive — where humans will always have a secure 13 . It is important to realize that AI revolution is not just about computers getting faster and smarter. It is also one that is being 14 by our breakthroughs in the life sciences and the social sciences as well. The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and 15 human drivers, bankers and lawyers.
1．A．carve B．change C．replace D．threaten
2．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Likewise
3．A．economically B．psychologically C．environmentally D．socially
4．A．urbanization B．cooperation C．competition D．automation
5．A．outcomes B．forecasts C．excuses D．reflections
6．A．damage B．emergency C．production D．unemployment
7．A．dumped B．shelved C．created D．testified
8．A．trouble-maker B．time-saver C．game-changer D．truth-seeker
9．A．physical B．mental C．social D．mathematical
10．A．By contrast B．For example C．As a result D．In addition
11．A．analyzing B．copying C．walking D．measuring
12．A．go in for B．make do with C．turn away from D．catch up with
13．A．environment B．connection C．estimation D．advantage
14．A．dampened B．defined C．fueled D．doubted
15．A．appealing B．replacing C．standardizing D．diversifying

【答案】
1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了科技发展人工智能对于就业带来的影响。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为，机器学习和机器人技术将改变几乎每一项工作——从生产酸奶到教授瑜伽。A. carve雕刻；B. change改变；C. replace取代；D. threaten威胁。根据下文“there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency(关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点)”可知，这里说的是机器人给每项工作带来的改变，故选B项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点。A. Besides此外；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Likewise同样地。根据下文“there are conflicting views about the nature of the change and its urgency(关于变革的性质及其紧迫性，存在着相互矛盾的观点)”可知，这里使用However表转折符合句意，故选B项。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有人认为，只要再过10年或20年，数十亿人将在经济上变得多余。A. economically经济上；B. psychologically心理上地；C. environmentally与环境有关地；D. socially社会上。根据下文“Fears that automation will create considerable 　　6　　 go back to the 19’century(自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪)”可知，这里说的是，自动化会造成大量失业，所以是经济上的多余，故选A项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。A. urbanization城市化；B. cooperation合作；C. competition竞争；D. automation自动化。根据上文“Fears that automation will create considerable 　　6　　 go back to the 19’century, and so far they have never come true(对自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪，但到目前为止，这些担忧从未实现。)”可知，这里要说的是机器自动化会创造新的就业就会，故选D项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们真的面临着可怕的突然变化吗？还是这样的预测是为了吸引人们的注意力？A. outcomes结果；B. forecasts预测；C. excuses借口；D. reflections反映。根据上文“Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 　　3　　 redundant (多余的). Others think that, even in the long run 　　4　　 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.（一些人认为，在短短的一二十年内，数十亿人将在社会上变得多余。其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。）”可知，这里说的是上文中的这些预测是真的吗？故选B项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对自动化将造成大量失业的担忧可以追溯到19世纪，但到目前为止，这些担忧从未实现。A. damage损害；B. emergency紧急情况；C. production生产；D. unemployment失业。根据上文“Some believe that within only a decade or two, billions of people will become 　　3　　 redundant (多余的).(一些人认为，在短短的一二十年内，数十亿人将在社会上变得多余。)”可知，这里说的是自动化会造成失业，故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自工业革命开始以来，机器每失去一个工作岗位，就至少创造了一个新的工作岗位，平均生活水平大大提高。A. dumped倾倒；B. shelved搁置；C. created创造；D. testified证明。根据上文“Others think that, even in the long run 　　4　　 will keep creating new jobs and will provide greater future for all.(其他人认为，即使从长远来看，自动化也将继续创造新的就业机会，并为所有人提供更好的未来。)”可知，这里说的是失去一个工作岗位的同时就会创造一个新的工作岗位，故选C项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有充分的理由认为，这一次不同了，机器学习将真正改变游戏规则。A. trouble-maker    麻烦制造者；B. time-saver节省时间者；C. game-changer力挽狂澜者；D. truth-seeker寻求真相者。根据上文“Yet, there are good reasons to think that this time is different”可知，这里要说的是改变游戏规则，人工智能在很多方面开始赶上人类，故选C项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。A. physical身体的；B. mental心理的；C. social社交的；D. mathematical数学的。根据下文“while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive (而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势)”可知，这里说的是机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，故选A项。
10．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：因此，随着农业和工业中的体力工作实现自动化，出现了新的服务性工作，这些工作需要只有人类才能拥有的那种认知技能。A. By contrast相比较而言；B. For example例如；C. As a result因此；D. In addition另外。结合上下句的句意可知，此处使用As a result“因此”来构成因果关系，符合句意，故选C项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们包括学习、分析、交流，最重要的是理解人类的情感。A. analyzing分析；B. copying复制；C. walking散步；D. measuring测量。根据上文“while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive (而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势)”可知，这里要说的是一种认知能力，analyzing“分析”符合句意，故选A项。
12．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，人工智能现在开始在越来越多的这些技能上赶上人类，包括对人类情绪的理解。A. go in for对……感兴趣；B. make do with凑合着用；C. turn away from厌恶；D. catch up with赶上。根据上文“In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 　　9　　 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive.(过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。)”可知，现在人工智能在这些认知能力上也开始赶上人类，故选D项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道除了身体和认知之外，还有任何第三个活动领域会让人类始终拥有安全的优势。A. environment环境；B. connection连接；C. estimation评价；D. advantage优势。根据上文“Humans have two types of abilities — physical and cognitive (认知的). In the past, machines competed with humans mainly in 　　9　　 abilities, while humans still had a great advantage over machines in cognitive.(人类拥有两种能力——身体的和认知的。过去，机器主要在身体能力上与人类竞争，而人类在认知能力上仍比机器有很大优势。)”可知，这里说的是没有第三种优势，故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也是由我们在生命科学和社会科学方面的突破所推动的。A. dampened依靠；B. defined下定义；C. fueled加强；D. doubted怀疑。根据下文“The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions, and 　　15　　 human drivers, bankers and lawyers.(我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策，并取代人类司机、银行家和律师。)”可知，这里说的是生命科学和社会科学的突破推动了计算机的发展，故选C项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策，并取代人类司机、银行家和律师。A. appealing呼吁；B. replacing取代；C. standardizing使标准化；D. diversifying多样化。根据上文“The better we understand the biochemical mechanisms (机制) that support human desires and choices, the better computers can become at analyzing human emotions, predicting human decisions(我们越是了解支持人类欲望和选择的生化机制，计算机就越能更好地分析人类情绪，预测人类决策)”可知，计算机能够分析人类情绪，预测人类决策进而会取代这些岗位，故选B项。
（2023·江西·江西省宜丰中学校联考二模）Winter goes and summer comes. The tides 16 ; the tides withdraw. All nature is a circle of moods and I am a 17 of nature. It is one of nature’s 18 , little understood, that each day I 19 with moods that have changed from yesterday. Inside me is a wheel, 20 turning. Like the flowers, today’s full blossom will 21 , yet I will remember today’s dead flower carries the seed of tomorrow’s blossom.
And how will I master these emotions so that each day will be 22 ? Trees and plants depend on the weather to 23 , but I make my own weather. I 24 it with me. If I bring enthusiasm to my customers, they will 25 with enthusiasm and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a lot of gold for me. I will learn this secret: weak is he who permits his thoughts to control his actions; strong is he who 26 his actions to control his thoughts. Each day I will follow this plan of battle before I am 27 by the forces of sadness, 28 and failure. I will know only those with inferior(较次的) ability can always be 29 , and I am not inferior. If I feel depressed I will sing. If I feel 30 I will remember my goals.Yet, some emotions approach me with a smile, which can also destroy me. If I become overly proud, I will remember my weaknesses. If I feel my skill is 31 , I will look at the stars.
With this new knowledge I will make 32 of a person’s anger of today, for he doesn’t know the secret of controlling his mind. No longer will I judge a man on one 33 . This secret will be my key to great wealth. From this moment I am 34 to control whatever personality awakes in me each day. I will control my fate, which is to become the greatest 35 in the world!
16．A．advance B．disappear C．exist D．fall
17．A．native B．colleague C．supporter D．part
18．A．jokes B．secrets C．experiences D．awards
19．A．break in B．wake up C．take off D．give out
20．A．constantly B．temporarily C．casually D．elegantly
21．A．appear B．blow C．fade D．spread
22．A．anxious B．natural C．additional D．productive
23．A．sow B．grow C．separate D．shelter
24．A．fold B．follow C．carry D．load
25．A．react B．review C．recite D．repeat
26．A．obtains B．regards C．allows D．observes
27．A．chosen B．seized C．received D．witnessed
28．A．self-awareness B．self-control C．self-esteem D．self-pity
29．A．behind the scene B．on the bottom line C．at the end of the rope D．out of sight
30．A．insignificant B．improper C．impolite D．unconscious
31．A．concrete B．inadequate C．abstract D．unmatched
32．A．use B．fun C．sure D．sense
33．A．view B．meeting C．experiment D．idiom
34．A．limited B．reserved C．prepared D．afraid
35．A．salesman B．player C．architect D．designer

【答案】
16．A 17．D 18．B 19．B 20．A 21．C 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者认为冬去春来，潮起潮落。自然界万物都在循环往复的变化中，而我们能做的只有学会控制自己的情绪才能让自己的一生有所成效。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：潮起潮落。A. advance提高、前进；B. disappear消失；C. exist存在；D. fall倒下。根据上文“Winter goes and summer comes.”中的“goes”和“comes”可知，空处和下文动词“withdraw”相反，指的是浪潮前行。故选A。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自然界万物都在循环往复的变化中，我也是其中一部分。A. native本地人；B. colleague同事；C. supporter支持者；D. part 部分。根据常理推测，每个人都是天地万物的一部分。故选D。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是大自然的一个秘密，很少有人窥破天机：每天我醒来时，不再有旧日的心情。A. jokes笑话；B. secrets秘密；C. experiences经历；D. awards 奖励。根据上文“Winter goes and summer comes. The tides___1___; the tides withdraw. All nature is a circle of moods and I am a___2___of nature.”可知，这是自然发展的秘密，没有人知道原因。故选B。
19．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这是大自然的一个秘密，很少有人窥破天机：每天我醒来时，不再有旧日的心情。A. break in破门而入；B. wake up醒来；C. take off脱下、起飞；D. give out 分发。根据最后一段“From this moment I am___19___to control whatever personality awakes in me each day.”可知，作者指的是每天早上醒来时，心情都会不一样。故选B。
20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我心中像有个轮子，不停地转动。A. constantly不断地、不停地；B. temporarily暂时地；C. casually随意地；D. elegantly 优雅地。根据上文“Inside me is a wheel”可知，作者指的是内心有个轮子，在不停地转动。故选A。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就像花儿的变化一样，今天的盛放明天也会凋谢，但我要记住今天枯败的花儿蕴藏着明天新生的种子。A. appear出现；B. blow吹；C. fade褪色、凋谢；D. spread 蔓延。根据下文“I will remember today’s dead flower carries the seed of tomorrow’s blossom.”可知，作者认为今日枯萎的花朵蕴藏着明天新生种子，所以空处指的是盛放终会凋谢。故选C。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我怎样才能控制这些情绪，让每一天都富有成效呢？A. anxious焦虑的；B. natural自然的；C. additional额外的；D. productive 多产的、有成效的。根据下文“If I bring enthusiasm to my customers, they will___10___with enthusiasm and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a lot of gold for me.”以及本段内容可知，作者是希望控制自己的情绪从而让自己的生活富有成效。故选D。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：花草树木，依靠天气而生长，但是我为自己创造天气。A. sow播种；B. grow成长；C. separate分离；D. shelter庇护。根据空前“Trees and plants depend on the weather”可知，根据常理推测，花草树木是依靠天气而生长。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我要自己承载自己的天气。A. fold折叠；B. follow追随；C. carry承载、携带；D. load 装载。根据上文“I make my own weather”可知，作者觉得花草树木依靠天气而生长，所以作者要创造自己的天气，作者所谓的天气就是指的是让自己一天有成效的心情。由此判断，作者是要掌控自己的情绪，也就是要承载自己的天气。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我给我的顾客带来热情，他们会以热情回应，我的天气将为我带来销售的收获和大量的金钱回报。A. react反应；B. review复习、评论；C. recite背诵；D. repeat 重复。根据上文“If I bring enthusiasm to my customers”可知，作者的意思是如果作者给顾客带去热情，那么也会得到热情的回应。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我要学会这个秘诀：弱者任思绪控制行为，强者让行为控制思绪。A. obtains包含；B. regards认为；C. allows允许；D. observes 观察。根据上文“weak is he who permits his thoughts to control his actions”可知，空处单词和“permit”意思相近，选项C“allow”，意为“允许、让”。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天，在被悲伤、自怜和失败的情绪抓住之前，我就这样与之对抗。A. chosen选择；B. seized抓住；C. received接收；D. witnessed 见证。根据上文“Each day I will follow this plan of battle”可知，作者每天都在与消极情绪作斗争，所以空处指的是作者被消极情绪所掌控。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天，在被悲伤、自怜和失败的情绪包围之前，我就这样与之对抗。A. self-awareness自我意识；B. self-control自我控制；C. self-esteem自尊；D. self-pity 自怜。根据空前“sadness”以及空后“failure”可知，空处是表示消极情绪的名词。故选D。
29．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我要知道，只有低能者才会江郎才尽，我并非低能者。A. behind the scene幕后；B. on the bottom line底线；C. at the end of the rope束手无策、江郎才尽；D. out of sight看不见。根据上文内容可知，作者不希望自己被消极情绪击败，并渴望自己的成功，由此判断，作者认为只有低能者才会束手无策。故选C。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我感到自己无关紧要时，我会想起我的目标。A. insignificant无关紧要的；B. improper不恰当的；C. impolite不礼貌的；D. unconscious 无意识的。根据上文“If I feel depressed I will sing.”可知，面对挫折，作者会努力保持积极乐观的态度。由此判断，作者在觉得自己渺小的时候会记住自己的目标。故选A。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我觉得我自己的技能无与伦比的，我就仰望星空。A. concrete具体的；B. inadequate不充分的；C. abstract抽象的；D. unmatched 无与伦比的。根据下文“I will look at the stars.”可知，作者会仰望星空。根据上文“If I become overly proud, I will remember my weaknesses.”可知，作者在骄傲的时候会记住自己有弱点。由此判断，作者仰望天空是怕自己太过自满，所以空处指的是当作者觉得自己的技能无与伦比时，他会仰望星空提醒自己的渺小。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了这些新知识，我就能理解一个人今天的愤怒，因为他不知道控制自己情绪的秘诀。A. use使用；B. fun乐趣；C. sure确信的；D. sense 感觉。考查短语：make sense of，意为“理解、明白”。根据上文可知，作者明白了一个人愤怒的原因是因为不知道如何控制自己的情绪。故选D。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我再也不会凭一次会面来判断一个人了。A. view观点；B. meeting会面、见面；C. experiment实验；D. idiom 俗语。根据上文可知，作者会理解一个人的愤怒。由此判断，作者指的是不会仅凭一次会面就判断一个人的好坏。故选B。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从这一刻起，我准备好控制自己每天醒来的个性。A. limited有限的；B. reserved预定的；C. prepared准备充分的；D. afraid 害怕的。根据上文内容可知，作者明白了一个人情绪变化的原因，由此判断，作者已经准备好每天醒来时面对自己变化的个性。故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我要掌握自己的命运，那就是成为世界上最伟大的推销员！A. salesman销售员；B. player玩家；C. architect建筑师；D. designer设计者。根据上文“If I bring enthusiasm to my customers, they will　　10　　with enthusiasm and my weather will produce a harvest of sales and a lot of gold for me.”可知，作者是一名销售员，所以作者希望成为世界上最伟大的销售员。故选A。
（2023·福建厦门·厦门一中校考一模）Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say and I have no idea. When I do try to join in, I get anxious. I struggle 36 words. This happens at parties or meetings. I feel judged- 37 I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am.
Individuals experiencing this type of social 38 often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel 39 and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often disarming, preventing these individuals from 40 themselves and sticking up for themselves in social environments, though they may be 41 at asserting themselves in environments that are focused on a task rather than 42
To 43 into a group, you need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 44 some of your individuality in order to accept others’ 45 and values.
Some individuals are chameleon (变色龙)-like in that they 46 pick up the patterns of relating to different groups and 47 themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 48 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feel 49 in most social group settings, it may be because you 50 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group. Maybe you are better off.
36．A．reading B．pronouncing C．seeing D．writing
37．A．even though B．as C．if D．as if
38．A．status B．discomfort C．event D．response
39．A．transparent B．urgent C．frustrated D．Disappointed
40．A．comforting B．correcting C．asserting D．convincing
41．A．creative B．effective C．attractive D．tentative
42．A．contribution B．requirement C．assignment D．socialization
43．A．dive B．dig C．get D．fit
44．A．sacrifice B．give C．examine D．present
45．A．hobbies B．approaches C．perspectives D．promises
46．A．naturally B．partly C．vaguely D．merely
47．A．explain B．support C．help D．modify
48．A．conclusion B．realization C．decision D．point
49．A．attached B．removed C．disconnected D．connected
50．A．resist B．allow C．miss D．suggest

【答案】
36．B 37．D 38．B 39．A 40．C 41．B 42．D 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．A 47．D 48．B 49．C 50．A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，拒绝改变自己去融入团队，也是一种展示自己是团队一员的方式，或许这对于不太擅于社交的人来说，是一种更好的方式。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很难发音。A. reading阅读；B. pronouncing发音；C. seeing看见；D. writing写作。根据上文“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say and I have no idea. When I do try to join in, I get anxious.”可知，作者认为每个人都该说点什么，但是他紧张了，所以他说不出话，故选B。
37．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己被评判了，就好像在面试工作一样。A. even though尽管；B. as因为；C. if如果；D. as if似乎，好像。根据上文“I were being interviewed for a job”可知，作者用“面试的尴尬”来比喻“自己在公共场合说不出话的窘境”，故选D。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有这种社交不适感的人通常会避免眼神交流，因为这会让他们觉得自己很透明，会被人评判。A. status地位，状况；B. discomfort不适；C. event事件；D. response回应。根据下文“avoid eye contact”可知，感到不适才会避免眼神交流。故选B。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有这种社交不适感的人通常会避免眼神交流，因为这会让他们觉得自己很透明，会被人评判。A. transparent透明的；B. urgent紧急的；C. frustrated受挫的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“judged”推知，感觉自己是透明的，很容易被人评判（即看穿），故选A。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尴尬和不适应他人的感觉通常会让人解除戒备，阻止这些人在社交环境中坚持自己和坚持自己，尽管他们可能会在专注于任务而不是社交的环境中有效地坚持自己。A. comforting安慰；B. correcting校正；C. asserting维护；D. convincing令人信服。根据下文的“asserting themselves in environments”可知，此处为原词复现，即解除戒备后，人出于放松的状态，不能很好的坚持自己（的观点等）。故选C。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. creative有创意的；B. effective有效的；C. attractive吸引人的；D. tentative试探性的。根据下文“ asserting themselves in environments that are focused on a task ”可知，此处指在专注于任务时，那些尴尬和不适应他人的人能有效的坚持自己（但在社交情况下他们不能）。故选B。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意同5小题。A. contribution贡献；B. requirement要求；C. assignment任务；D. socialization社会化。呼应上文“preventing these individuals from 　　　　　　5　　　 themselves and sticking up for themselves in social environments”此处指社交环境，故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了融入团队，你需要对团队中其他人感兴趣的话题感兴趣，并以他们的方式谈论这些话题。A. dive潜水；B. dig挖掘；C. get得到；D. fit适应。根据下文的“Becoming a part of these groups”可知，是融入团队，故选D。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. give给予；C. examine检查；D. present颁发，现身。根据上文“accept others’ ____10____ and values”可知，需要接受他人的价值观和其他东西，这就是一种牺牲。故选A。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。A. hobbies爱好；B. approaches方法；C. perspectives看法；D. promises承诺。根据下文的“and”可知，此处和value并列指“看法”，故选C。
46．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，他们自然而然地学会了与不同群体打交道的模式，并相应地调整自己。A. naturally自然地；B. partly部分地；C. vaguely稍微地；D. merely仅仅，只。根据下文“this is automatic”可知，他们的改变是自然而然的，故选A。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙一样，他们自然而然地学会了与不同群体打交道的模式，并相应地调整自己。A. explain解释；B. support支持；C. help帮助；D. modify改变。根据下文的“changing themselves”可知，是改变自己，故选D。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，这是自动的，他们甚至没有意识到他们正在改变自己以适应群体。A. conclusion总结；B. realization意识；C. decision决定；D. point观点。根据上文的“this is automatic”可知，这种改变是“自动的”，就连他们自己都没有意识到，故选B。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感觉与世隔绝的人之一，这可能是因为你拒绝改变自己的思维方式来感觉自己是群体的一部分。A. attached系上；B. removed移除；C. disconnected隔绝；D. connected连接。根据上文“that they are changing themselves to fit into groups”可知，有的人改变自己去融入集体，有的人感觉自己不能融入集体，好像与之隔绝。故选C。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感觉与世隔绝的人之一，这可能是因为你抵制改变自己的思维方式来感觉自己是群体的一部分。A. resist抵抗；B. allow允许；C. miss错过；D. suggest建议。根据上文“who feel disconnected in most social group settings”可知，有的人感觉自己脱离集体，原因就是自己“抵制”改变，而感觉自己也是团队的一员。故选A。
（2023·江苏南通·校考一模）“Whenever I am in a group of people, I feel like everyone knows what to say except me. When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle 51 words. This happens at parties or meetings and I feel 52 — as if I were being interviewed for a job. People think I am a loner. Maybe I am?”
Individuals experiencing this type of social 53 often avoid eye contact, because it makes them feel 54 and judged. The feelings of awkwardness and not fitting in with others are often frustrating. It prevents these individuals from defending and 55 for themselves in social environments, though they may be 56 at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than 57 .
Fitting into groups of people requires 58 . You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do. Becoming a part of these groups requires that you 59 some of your individuality in order to accept others` 60 and values.
Some individuals are like chameleon(变色龙)in that they 61 pick up the patterns of different groups and 62 themselves accordingly. For them, this is automatic and they don’t even come to the 63 that they are changing themselves to fit into groups. If you are one of those people who feels 64 in most social group settings, it may be because you 65 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure.
51．A．reading B．pronouncing C．seeing D．writing
52．A．exposed B．ignored C．considered D．judged
53．A．status B．discomfort C．event D．response
54．A．transparent B．urgent C．frustrated D．disappointed
55．A．insisting on B．breaking down C．sticking up D．taking over
56．A．creative B．effective C．attractive D．tentative
57．A．contribution B．requirement C．assignment D．socialization
58．A．attention B．honesty C．affection D．agreement
59．A．sacrifice B．give C．examine D．present
60．A．hobbies B．approaches C．views D．promises
61．A．naturally B．partly C．vaguely D．merely
62．A．explain B．support C．help D．accommodate
63．A．conclusion B．awareness C．decision D．point
64．A．attached B．removed C．disconnected D．connected
65．A．resist B．allow C．miss D．suggest

【答案】
51．B 52．D 53．B 54．A 55．C 56．B 57．D 58．D 59．A 60．C 61．A 62．D 63．B 64．C 65．A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章解释了为什么在社交场合中，即使是和朋友在一起依旧还会感觉到孤独。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我和一群人在一起时，我觉得除了我，每个人都知道该说什么。当我试着加入时，我变得焦虑，不知道说什么。A. reading阅读；B. pronouncing发音，说话；C. seeing看；D. writing写。根据前文“I feel like everyone knows what to say except me.”可知，当作者和别人在一起的时候，作者觉得每个人都知道该说什么除了作者，所以作者觉得不知道和别人说什么。pronounce为动词，意为“说出”，符合题意。故选B。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：聚会和家庭成员会面的时候会发生这种情况，但我感觉被评判了——就像我在找工作面试一样。A. exposed暴露；B. ignored忽视；C. considered认为，考虑；D. judged判断，裁决。根据后文“as if I were being interviewed for a job.”可知，当聚会和家庭成员会面的时候，好像是面试一样，所以作者觉得自己被评判一样。故选D。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有这种社交不适感的人通常会避免眼神交流，因为这会让他们觉得自己很透明，被人评判。A. status地位；B. discomfort不安；C. event事件；D. response回复。根据后文“When I try to join in, I get anxious and have a struggle 　　1　　 words.”可知，当作者和别人在一起的时候，作者觉得每个人都知道该说什么除了作者，所以作者觉得不知道和别人说什么。这种社交不安会让作者避免和别人有眼神交流。故选B。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. transparent透明的；易识破的；B. urgent紧急的；C. frustrated沮丧的；D. disappointed失望的。根据前文“Individuals experiencing this type of social 　　3　　often avoid eye contact,”可知，他们经常避免目光接触，因为这让他们觉得被看穿和受到评判。故选A。
55．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它阻止这些人在社会环境中捍卫和保持自己，尽管他们可能在专注于任务而不是社会化的环境中有效地坚持自己的观点。A. insisting on坚持要求；B. breaking down崩溃，垮掉；C. sticking up保持；D. talking over讨论。根据后文的“for themselves in social environments”可知社交不适感会阻止一些不擅长社交的人在社会环境中捍卫和保持自己。故选C。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. creative有创造力的；B. effective有效的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. tentative尝试性的。根据后文“holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task rather than 　　7　　.”可知，在专注于任务而不是社会化的环境中不擅长社交的人有效地坚持自己的观点。故选B。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. contribution贡献；B. requirement条件，要求；C. assignment任务；D. socialization社会化。根据前文“they may be 　　6　　 at holding on to their opinions in environments that are focused on a task”可知，不擅长社交的人他们专注于自己的任务，而不是进行社会化（进行社交活动），因为他们在社会化的过程中会产生不适。故选D。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：融入一群人需要达成一致。A. attention注意力；B. honesty诚实；C. affection喜爱，关爱；D. agreement同意。根据后文“You need to be interested in the topics that others in the group are interested in and talk about them the way they do.”可知，要想融入大多数群体需要从众，即获得大众的一致认同。故选D。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. give给；C. examine检查；D. present呈现，出席。根据前文“Becoming a part of these groups”可知，成为群体的一部分要牺牲自己的个性，由此接受他人的价值和观点。故选A。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hobbies嗜好；B. approaches途径；C. views观点，景色；D. promises承诺。根据后文的“values”可知，要成为这些群体的一员，你必须牺牲自己的一些个性，以接受他人的观点和价值观。故选C。
61．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地适应自己。A. naturally自然地；B. partly部分地；C. vaguely模糊地；D. merely仅仅地。根据前文“Some individuals are like chameleon(变色龙)”可知，有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地接受不同群体的模式。故选A。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地适应自己。A. explain解释；B. support支持；C. help帮助；D. accommodate适应，提供住宿。根据前文“they 　　11　　 pick up the patterns of different groups”可知，有些人就像变色龙，他们自然地接受不同群体的模式，并相应地适应自己。故选D。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，这是自动的，他们甚至没有意识到他们正在改变自己以适应群体。A. conclusion结论；B. awareness意识；C. decision决定；D. point观点。根据前文“this is automatic”可知，对于这些擅长社交的人来说，他们并没有意识到自己正在改变自己适应整个群体。故选B。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你是那些在大多数社会群体中感觉与世隔绝的人之一，这可能是因为你拒绝改变自己的思维方式来感觉自己是群体的一部分，这不应该是一个弱点或失败。A. attached附属的，喜爱的；B. removed被移除的；C. disconnected失联的；D. connected有联系的。根据后文“it may be because you 　　15　　 changing the way you think in order to feel part of a group and this shouldn’t be a weakness or a failure.”可知，因为你拒绝改变自己的思维方式让自己成为群体的一部分，因此在社交场合中你是那种在大多数社会群体环境中感到被疏远的人。故选C。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. resist抵制；B. allow允许；C. miss错过；D. suggest建议。根据前文“If you are one of those people who feels 　　14　　in most social group settings,”可知，如果你是那种在大多数社会群体环境中感到被疏远的人，这可能是因为你拒绝为了融入集体而改变自己的思维方式。故选A。
（2023·上海·一模）According to a Gallup World Poll, 1.1 billion people want to move temporarily to another country in the hope of finding more profitable jobs. An additional 630 million people would like to move abroad permanently.
The global desire to leave home arises from poverty and necessity, but it also grows out of a belief that such mobility is possible. People who hold fast to this universal 66 assume that individuals can and should be feel at home anywhere in the world and that they need not be 67 to any particular place. This view was once regarded as a negative product of the industrialization but is now accepted as central to a(n) 68 economy.
It leads to opportunity and profits, but it also has high 69 costs. According to a long research into the emotions and experiences of immigrants (移民) and migrants, many people who leave home in search of better prospects can’t avoid feeling 70 although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home.
Such tolerance of emotional suffering became common among mobile Americans in the 20th century, and represented a(n) 71 from the past. In the 19th century, Americans of all groups, pioneers, soldiers and the millions of immigrants who streamed into the nation, loudly complained that moving was emotionally 72 . Medical journals explored the condition, often referring to it by its clinical name: nostalgia (思乡).
Today, discussions of nostalgia are rare, for the emotion is typically regarded by individuals as an embarrassing block to progress and prosperity. The 73 makes mobility appear misleadingly easy.
Technology also tricks us into thinking that mobility is 74 . The comforting vision of 75 offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since “one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away”.
But such a claim was 76 optimistic, for homesickness continued to hurt many who migrated. The 77 that phone calls and the Internet provide means that those away from home can know exactly what they are missing the exact moment and how it is happening. It gives the impression that one can be in two places at once but it also highlights the 78 of that assumption.
The persistence of homesickness points to the limitations of the universal philosophy that strengthens so much of our market and society. The idea that we can and should feel at home any place on the globe is based on a worldview that celebrates the independent, mobile individual and takes it for granted that men and women are easily separated from family, from home and from the past. But this view isn’t 79 our emotions, for our attachment to home, although often 80 , is strong and enduring.
66．A．subject B．wealth C．vision D．exchange
67．A．transferred B．tied C．reduced D．bridged
68．A．globalized B．intense C．exporting D．degrading
69．A．transporting B．domestic C．psychological D．administrative
70．A．displaced B．suspected C．abused D．monitored
71．A．guidance B．emergency C．departure D．justification
72．A．misleading B．wearing C．resisting D．facilitating
73．A．silence B．restriction C．obstacle D．emotion
74．A．temporary B．traditional C．painless D．formal
75．A．priority B．alert C．connection D．privacy
76．A．overly B．ultimately C．critically D．narrowly
77．A．advancement B．suffering C．immediacy D．variety
78．A．impossibility B．diversity C．distraction D．scale
79．A．in line with B．in addition to C．in honor of D．in need of
80．A．distributed B．underestimated C．illustrated D．identified

【答案】
66．C 67．B 68．A 69．C 70．A 71．D 72．C 73．A 74．C 75．C 76．A 77．C 78．A 79．A 80．B

【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是由于经济全球化，很多人不得不离开家，但是这给这些人带来了心理上的痛苦。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任何地方都有家的感觉，他们不需要被束缚在任何特定的地方。A. subject科目；B. wealth财富；C. vision视野，看法；D. exchange交换。根据上文“a belief that such mobility is possible”可知，句子表示“坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任何地方都有家的感觉”。故选C。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任何地方都有家的感觉，他们不需要被束缚在任何特定的地方。A. transferred转移；B. tied将……系在……上；C. reduced减少；D. bridged弥合（分歧）。根据上文“feel at home anywhere in the world”可知，坚持这种普遍看法的人认为，个人可以而且应该在世界上任何地方都有家的感觉，他们不需要被束缚在任何特定的地方，be tied to意为“束缚于，捆绑于”。故选B。
68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种观点曾经被认为是工业化的负面产物，但现在被认为是全球化经济的核心。A. globalized全球化的；B. intense强烈的；C. exporting出口的；D. degrading贬低身份的。根据上文“move temporarily to another country in the hope of finding more profitable jobs”和下文economy可知，此处是指“这种观点曾经被认为是工业化的负面产物，但现在被认为是全球化经济的核心”。故选A。
69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它带来机会和利润，但也有很高的心理成本。A. transporting运输的；B. domestic国内的；C. psychological心理的；D. administrative管理的，行政的。根据下文“According to a long research into the emotions and experiences of immigrants (移民) and migrants, many people who leave home in search of better prospects can’t avoid feeling ____5____ although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home”可知，它带来机会和利润，但也有很高的心理成本。故选C。
70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据一项针对移民和移民的情感和经历的长期研究，许多为了寻找更好前景而离开家园的人无法避免流离失所的感觉，尽管很少有人公开谈论离开家园的巨大痛苦。A. displaced无家可归的，流离失所的；B. suspected被怀疑的；C. abused被滥用的；D. monitored被监控的。根据上文“leave home”可知，许多为了寻找更好前景而离开家园的人无法避免流离失所的感觉。故选A。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种对情感痛苦的容忍在20世纪的流动美国人中变得很普遍，代表了来自过去的一种辩解。A. guidance指导；B. emergency紧急情况；C. departure离开；D. justification证明为正当，辩护。根据上文“Such tolerance of emotional suffering became common among mobile Americans in the 20th century”可知，这种对情感痛苦的容忍在20世纪的流动美国人中变得很普遍，代表了来自过去的对上文所说的人们的情绪的一种辩解。故选D。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在19世纪，所有群体的美国人，拓荒者、士兵和涌入美国的数百万移民，都大声抱怨搬家是一种情感上的抗拒。A. misleading误导的；B. wearing使人疲倦的，令人厌烦的；C. resisting抗拒的；D. facilitating便利的。根据上文“many people who leave home in search of better prospects can’t avoid feeling ____5____ although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home”可知，所有群体的美国人，拓荒者、士兵和涌入美国的数百万移民，都大声抱怨搬家是他们在情感上抵抗的。故选C。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：沉默让流动显得误导性地容易。A. silence沉默；B. restriction限制；C. obstacle障碍；D. emotion情绪。根据上文“few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home”可知，沉默让流动显得误导性地容易。故选A。
74．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科技也让我们误以为流动是无痛的。A. temporary暂时的；B. traditional传统的；C. painless无痛的；D. formal正式的。根据下文“The comforting vision of ____10____ offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since “one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away””可知，科技也让我们误以为移动是无痛的。故选C。
75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科技带来的令人欣慰的联系让搬家变得不那么意义重大，因为“人们总是只需点击鼠标或打个电话”。A. priority优先事项，最重要的事；B. alert警报；C. connection连接，联系；D. privacy隐私。根据下文“offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since “one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away””可知，科技可以让人便于互相联系。故选C。
76．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但这种说法过于乐观了，因为乡愁继续伤害着许多移民。A. overly过度地；B. ultimately最终；C. critically批判性地；D. narrowly勉强地。根据下文“for homesickness continued to hurt many”可知，这种说法过于乐观了，空格处意为“过度地”。故选A。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：电话和互联网提供的即时性意味着那些远离家的人可以确切地知道他们错过了什么，确切的时刻以及它是如何发生的。A. advancement前进；B. suffering痛苦；C. immediacy即时性；D. variety种类。根据下文“those away from home can know exactly what they are missing the exact moment and how it is happening”可知，电话和互联网提供的即时性意味着那些远离家的人可以确切地知道他们错过了什么，确切的时刻以及它是如何发生的。故选C。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它给人的印象是一个人可以同时出现在两个地方，但它也强调了这种假设的不可能性。A. impossibility不可能性；B. diversity多样性；C. distraction使人分心的事物；D. scale级别。根据上文“one can be in two places at once”可知，一个人不可能同时出现在两个地方，此处表示“它给人的印象是一个人可以同时出现在两个地方，但它也强调了这种假设的不可能性”。故选A。
79．考查固定短语辨析。句意：但这种观点并不符合我们的情感，因为我们对家的依恋，尽管经常被低估，却是强烈而持久的。A. in line with符合；B. in addition to除……之外（还有，也）；C. in honor of为了纪念；D. in need of需要。根据下文“for our attachment to home, although often ____15____, is strong and enduring”可知，这种观点并不符合我们的情感。故选A。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这种观点并不符合我们的情感，因为我们对家的依恋，尽管经常被低估，却是强烈而持久的。A. distributed分发；B. underestimated低估；C. illustrated说明，阐明；D. identified鉴别。根据上文的“although”和下文的“strong and enduring”可知，此处表示“我们对家的依恋，尽管经常被低估，却是强烈而持久的”。故选B。
（2023·江苏南京·南京市第一中学校考模拟预测）Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted. Careless methods of production and 81 of consumer demands for environment friendly products have 82 the pollution problem. One 83 is that millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of.
84 , today, more and more consumers are choosing “green” and demanding that the products they buy should be safe for the environment. 85 they buy a product, they ask questions like these: “Will this shampoo damage the environment?” “Can this metal container be 86 or can it only be used once?”
A recent study showed that two 87 five adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the 88 they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green,” that is, friendly to the environment.
Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in supermarkets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products 89 labels to show that the product is green. Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising and have made it their main selling 90 .
The 91 for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink 92 they do business. No longer will the public accept the old 93 of “Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.” The public 94 is still here, and companies are 95 their act gradually.
81．A．part B．lack C．lots D．varieties
82．A．applied to B．contributed to C．exposed to D．devoted to
83．A．possibility B．chance C．result D．effect
84．A．Therefore B．Furthermore C．Similarly D．However
85．A．After B．Though C．Before D．Unless
86．A．reused B．safe C．friendly D．returned
87．A．of B．on C．from D．out of
88．A．rhyme B．way C．section D．branch
89．A．carry B．take C．include D．make
90．A．advantage B．technique C．point D．attraction
91．A．concern B．hope C．care D．plan
92．A．what B．how C．whether D．when
93．A．saying B．trust C．attitude D．fashion
94．A．pressure B．pleasure C．discussion D．interest
95．A．enlarging B．sharing C．cleaning D．improving

【答案】
81．B 82．B 83．C 84．D 85．C 86．A 87．D 88．B 89．A 90．C 91．A 92．B 93．C 94．A 95．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了公众环保理念的变化导致生产者愿意生产出绿色产品。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求导致了污染问题。A. part部分；B. lack缺乏； C. lots许多； D. varieties种类。根据“Many cities around the world today are heavily polluted.”可知，因为缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求，当今世界上许多城市污染严重。故选B。
82．考查动词短语辨析。句意：粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求导致了污染问题。A. applied to适用于；B. contributed to导致； C. exposed to接触； D. devoted to致力于。根据“Careless methods of production and 　　1　　　 of consumer demands for environment friendly products ”可知，这些原因导致污染问题。故选B。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果之一就是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器，而这些都很难处理掉。A. possibility可能；B. chance机会； C. result结果； D. effect效果。根据“millions of tons of glass, paper, plastic, and metal containers are produced, and these are difficult to get rid of”可知，粗心的生产方法和缺乏消费者对环保产品的需求的结果之一是产生了数百万吨的玻璃、纸、塑料和金属容器。故选C。
84．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，今天，越来越多的消费者选择“绿色”，并要求他们购买的产品应该对环境安全。A. Therefore因此；B. Furthermore此外； C. Similarly相似； D. However然而。根据“Careless methods of production and 　　1　　 of consumer demands for environment friendly products have 　　　2　　the pollution problem.”可知，前后情况不同，表示转折，故选D。
85．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在购买产品之前，他们会问这样的问题:“这种洗发水会破坏环境吗?”A. After之后；B. Though尽管； C. Before之前； D. Unless除非。根据“today, more and more consumers are choosing ‘green’”以及“adults now consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it.”可知，消费者在购买前会问一些产品是否环保的问题。故选C。
86．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这个金属容器可以重复使用还是只能使用一次?”A. reused重新使用；B. safe安全的； C. friendly友好的； D. returned返回的。根据“or can it only be used once?”可知，消费者购买金属容器前会询问是否可以重复利用。故选A。
87．考查介词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项研究表明，现在有五分之二的成年人在购买产品之前会考虑产品的环境安全性。A. of的；B.  on在...之上； C. from来自； D. out of出去。根据“adults now consider the environmental safety of a product ”可知，这是描述有一定数量的成年人会考虑产品是否环保。two out of five表示五分之二，故选D。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着公司现在必须改变他们制造和销售产品的方式，以确保他们是“绿色的”，也就是说，对环境有益处。A. rhyme押韵；B. way方法，方式； C.section部分； D. branch树枝。根据“Careless methods of production ”可知，为了迎合消费者对环保产品的需求，公司要改变制造和销售产品方式。故选B。
89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些超市的产品带有绿色标签。A. carry携带；B. take带着； C. include包括； D. make制作。根据“to show that the product is green.”可知，产品标签是绿色标签。故选A。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些公司在广告中强调他们的产品是清洁和安全的，并以此作为主要卖点。A. advantage优势；B. technique技术； C. point点； D. attraction吸引。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，产品清洁安全是公司销售卖点。故选C。
91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对更安全、更清洁的环境的关注正促使企业重新思考自己的经营方式。A. concern关注；B. hope希望； C. care关爱； D. plan计划。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，企业关注更安全更清洁的环境。故选A。
92．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对更安全、更清洁的环境的关注正促使企业重新思考自己的经营方式。A. what什么；B. how如何； C. whether是否； D. when当时。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，这是企业如何经营的方式。故选B。
93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：公众将不再接受“买它，用它，扔掉它，忘记它”的旧态度。A. saying谚语；B. trust信任； C. attitude态度； D. fashion时尚。根据“Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.”可知，这是旧的态度。故选C。
94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：公众的压力仍然存在，公司正在逐步改善他们的行为。A. pressure压力；B. pleasure乐趣； C. discussion讨论； D. interest兴趣。根据“No longer will the public accept the old　　　13　　 of‘Buy it, use it, throw it away and forget it.’”可知，故选A。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：公众的压力仍然存在，公司正在逐步改善他们的行为。A. enlarging扩大；B. sharing分享； C. cleaning打扫； D. improving改进。根据“Some companies emphasize that their products are clean and safe in their advertising ”可知，这是公司改善自己的行为。故选D。
（2023·重庆·重庆南开中学校考三模）The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of buildings. Today, thousands of people come to 96 building conferences, and the idea that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly 97 in years to come. Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for 98 use. The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 99 indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. So for 20 years, we’ve been looking for ways to make these materials 100   for people and the planet.
Home builders can now use materials, such as green paints, that release significantly 101   amounts of chemical compounds, which people believe don’t 102 the quality of the air.   103 , our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “less bad” but on creating 104 healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil or 105 by industry again and again. For example, the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already 106 a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.
Look at it this way: no one 107 to create a building that destroy the planet. But our current industrial systems are basically causing these conditions, whether we like it or not. So   108 of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are 109 a positive approach. We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a 110   effect on the world. It is not just the building industry, either. Entire cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building.
96．A．commercial B．green C．traditional D．simple
97．A．efficient B．changeable C．influential D．effective
98．A．relevant B．indoor C．flexible D．forward
99．A．revealed B．displayed C．exhibited D．discovered
100．A．careful B．comfortable C．stable D．safe
101．A．reduced B．revised C．delayed D．defined
102．A．destroy B．deny C．dissolve D．depress
103．A．Anyway B．Besides C．Anyhow D．However
104．A．exactly B．completely C．partially D．superficially
105．A．restored B．regain C．reused D．retain
106．A．developed B．stretched C．researched D．constructed
107．A．sets off B．sets about C．sets out D．sets up
108．A．instead B．because C．out D．regardless
109．A．adjusting B．adopting C．adapting D．admitting
110．A．functional B．sensible C．beneficial D．precious

【答案】
96．B 97．C 98．B 99．A 100．D 101．A 102．A 103．D 104．B 105．C 106．A 107．C 108．A 109．B 110．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了今天，成千上万的人参加绿色建筑会议，建筑对人类和环境有益的想法在未来几年将越来越有影响力。而作者他们也一直在寻找使材料对人类和地球安全的方法。
96．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，成千上万的人参加绿色建筑会议，建筑对人类和环境有益的想法在未来几年将越来越有影响力。A. commercial商业的；B. green绿色的、环境保护的；C. traditional传统的；D. simple简单的。根据后文“buildings can be good for people and the environment”可知，建筑对人类和环境有益，说明是绿色（环保）建筑会议。故选B。
97．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，成千上万的人参加绿色建筑会议，建筑对人类和环境有益的想法在未来几年将越来越有影响力。A. efficient效率高的；B. changeable变化的；C. influential有影响力的；D. effective有效的。上文提到如今有成千上万的人参加绿色建筑会议，所以作者预测这一趋势在未来几年将越来越有影响力。故选C。
98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早在1984年，我们就发现大多数用于装饰的产品并不是为室内使用而设计的。A. relevant有关的；B. indoor室内的；C. flexible灵活的；D. forward向前的。根据后文“indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet (室内空气质量问题是由油漆、墙面覆盖物和地毯等材料引起的)”可知，装饰室内的产品会引发空气质量问题，此处指用于装饰的产品并不是为室内使用而设计的。故选B。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪70年代能源危机后建造的“节能”密封商业建筑暴露出由油漆、墙面和地毯等材料引起的室内空气质量问题。A. revealed揭露；B. displayed展示；C. exhibited展示；D. discovered发现。根据后文宾语“indoor air quality problems”可知，指暴露出了室内空气质量问题。故选A。
100．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，20年来，我们一直在寻找使这些材料对人类和地球安全的方法。A. careful仔细的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. stable稳定的；D. safe安全的。上文提到由油漆、墙面和地毯等材料引起的室内空气质量问题，所以是寻找对人类和地球安全的方法。故选D。
101．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：房屋建筑商现在可以使用绿色涂料等材料，这些材料释放的化合物数量大大减少，人们认为这些化合物不会破坏空气质量。A. reduced减少的；B. revised改进的；C. delayed延时的；D. defined外形清晰的。根据上文“Home builders can now use materials, such as green paints”以及后文“amounts of chemical compounds”可知，使用绿色涂料等材料，会让这些材料释放的化合物数量大大减少，故选A。
102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：房屋建筑商现在可以使用绿色涂料等材料，这些材料释放的化合物数量大大减少，人们认为这些化合物不会破坏空气质量。A. destroy破坏；B. deny否定；C. dissolve解散；D. depress使沮丧。根据后文“the quality of the air”以及which指的是上文提到的绿色涂料材料释放的化合物数量大大减少的情况，所以是这些化合物不会破坏空气质量。故选A。
103．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的基本设计策略不仅仅是专注于“不那么糟糕”，而是创造完全健康的材料，这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤，也可以一次又一次地被工业重复使用。A. Anyway无论如何；B. Besides此外；C. Anyhow无论怎么；D. However然而。结合前后文语境可知此处为转折关系，应用however。故选D。
104．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的基本设计策略不仅仅是专注于“不那么糟糕”，而是创造完全健康的材料，这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤，也可以一次又一次地被工业重复使用。A. exactly恰好地；B. completely完全地；C. partially部分地；D. superficially肤浅地。后文提到“这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤，也可以一次又一次地被工业重复使用”，所以是创造完全健康的材料。故选B。
105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们的基本设计策略不仅仅是专注于“不那么糟糕”，而是创造完全健康的材料，这些材料既可以安全地返回土壤，也可以一次又一次地被工业重复使用。A. restored恢复；B. regain重新获得；C. reused再用；D. retain保持。根据上文“healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil or”可知，此处是在说明这种材料的好处，既可以安全地返回土壤，也可以一次又一次地被工业重复使用。故选C。
106．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，世界上最大的地毯制造商已经开发出一种完全安全可回收的地毯。A. developed开发、研制；B. stretched拉长；C. researched研究；D. constructed建造。根据主语“the world’s largest carpet manufacturer”可知，指世界上最大的地毯制造商已经开发出一种完全安全可回收的地毯。故选A。
107．考查动词短语辨析。句意：从这个角度来看：没有人打算建造一座摧毁地球的建筑。A. sets off出发；B. sets about着手，开始；C. sets out（怀着目标）开始工作；D. sets up建立。根据后文“to create a building that destroy the planet”指打算建造一座摧毁地球的建筑应用set out to do sth.(开始做某事)。故选C。
108．考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们不是简单地试图减少损害，而是采取一种积极的方法。A. instead相反；B. because因为；C. out出去；D. regardless不管。根据后文“of simply trying to reduce the damage”可知，我们不是简单地试图减少损害，而是采取一种积极的方法。为短语instead of表示“而不是”。故选A。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们不是简单地试图减少损害，而是采取一种积极的方法。A. adjusting适应；B. adopting采取；C. adapting改编；D. admitting承认。根据后文“a positive approach”指采取积极的方法对建筑进行改造，应用动词adopt。故选B。
110．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们为人们提供高质量、健康的产品，让人们有机会做出对世界有益的选择。A. functional实用的；B. sensible理智的；C. beneficial有益的；D. precious宝贵的。根据上文“healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a”以及后文“Entire cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building.(整个城市都在采用这些对环境有益的方法进行设计、规划和建设)”可知，高质量、健康的产品，让人们有机会做出对世界有益的选择。故选C。
（2022·广东·统考模拟预测）Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush. Laws once 111 such practices are being changed, as rural communities begin taking a 112 in forest management.
In thinner forested areas, larger animals feeding on plants were found to be 113 in reducing forest fire risk. Smaller animals like goats and sheep are 114 for areas that lack natural predators (天敌). In Italy, the eating habits of smaller animals make them perfect for 115 woody bushes.
Although a forest seems fascinating, 116 it’s no longer a natural ecosystem. When climate change regulations limited the shepherd’s 117 to work in woodlands, it was part of a continent-wide 118 to fight against deforestation. The effort worked well, with total forest 119 in Italy increasing by 75% since the 1960s. Red deer and other native animals have disappeared. Therefore, the 120 of sheep and goats meant that nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land, turning small fires into 121 ones.
Meanwhile, shepherds decided to write letters asking the permission to graze in the woods again. They hoped to carry out a 122 project of rural areas, where Italy’s worst wildfire within 40 years 123 its way from the mountain tops to the sea. They hoped to bring in more shepherds to control the fires and 124 eco-tourism in the area. It makes sense that those most invested in the forests’ 125 would be worthwhile to save them, which goes for both the shepherds and the animals.
111．A．monitoring B．advising C．banning D．introducing
112．A．role B．message C．chance D．break
113．A．decisive B．effective C．proper D．relevant
114．A．ready B．responsible C．hopeful D．suitable
115．A．cutting off B．helping out C．clearing away D．putting down
116．A．clearly B．gradually C．luckily D．actually
117．A．ability B．imagination C．desire D．risk
118．A．wish B．success C．victory D．effort
119．A．growth B．cover C．thickness D．quality
120．A．loss B．arrival C．choice D．disadvantage
121．A．uncomfortable B．unbelievable C．unforgettable D．uncontrollable
122．A．production B．creation C．restoration D．competition
123．A．burned B．picked C．blocked D．forced
124．A．vary B．reduce C．encourage D．spread
125．A．exploration B．location C．health D．survival

【答案】
111．C 112．A 113．B 114．D 115．C 116．D 117．A 118．D 119．B 120．A 121．D 122．C 123．A 124．C 125．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了意大利的牧民在森林防火中发挥着重要的作用。
111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经禁止这种做法的法律正在改变，因为农村社区开始在森林管理中发挥作用。A. monitoring监视；B. advising建议；C. banning禁止；D. introducing介绍。根据上文“Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush.”可知，曾经禁止在森林里放牧的法律正在发生变化。故选C。
112．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. role作用，角色；B. message消息；C. chance机会；D. break中断，休息。根据上文“Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention”可知，意大利的牧羊人在森林防火管理中发挥了一定的作用。故选A。
113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，在森林较薄的地区，大型动物以植物为食可以有效降低森林火灾风险。A. decisive决定性的，关键的；B. effective有效的；C. proper合适的；D. relevant相关的。根据上文“Italian shepherds are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to eat the bush.”可知，大型食草动物能够有效地减少森林火灾的可能性。故选B。
114．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：山羊和绵羊等较小的动物适合在缺乏天敌的地区生存。A. ready准备好的；B. responsible有责任的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. suitable合适的。根据上文“In thinner forested areas”可知，小体型的动物的饮食习惯，使得它们可以清理灌木丛。故选D。
115．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在意大利，小型动物的饮食习惯使它们非常适合清除木质灌木。A. cutting off切断；B. helping out帮助……摆脱困境；C. clearing away收拾，把……清除掉；D. putting down放下，记下。根据“the eating habits of smaller animals”可知，小体型的动物的饮食习惯，使得它们可以清理灌木丛。故选C。
116．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然森林看起来很迷人，但实际上它不再是一个自然生态系统。A. clearly清晰地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. luckily幸运地；D. actually事实上。尽管意大利的森林景色迷人，但实际上它的生态系统已经遭到破坏。故选D。
117．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当气候变化法规限制了牧羊人在林地工作的能力时，这是整个大陆对抗森林砍伐努力的一部分。A. ability能力；B. imagination想象力；C. desire欲望，渴望；D. risk风险。根据上文“climate change regulations limited”可知，为了调控气候变化而设置的规定，限制了牧羊人在森林里放牧。故选A。
118．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. wish愿望；B. success成功；C. victory胜利；D. effort努力。根据下文的“The effort”可知，反对滥砍滥伐现象成了全民奋斗的目标。故选D。
119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一努力效果良好，自20世纪60年代以来，意大利的森林覆盖总面积增加了75%。A. growth生长，成长；B. cover封面，覆盖；C. thickness厚度；D. quality质量。根据“with total forest ___9___ in Italy increasing by 75% since the 1960s.”可知，自从二十世纪六十年代开始，意大利的森林覆盖安吉已经增加了75%。故选B。
120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，绵羊和山羊的损失意味着没有什么能阻止木本灌木统治这片土地，把小火变成无法控制的大火。A. loss损失；B. arrival到达；C. choice选择；D. disadvantage缺点。根据下文的“meant that nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land,”可知，因为森林本土动物缺失，如果再没有绵羊和山羊，那就无法阻止灌木丛占据整片土地。故选A。
121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. uncomfortable不舒服的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. unforgettable难忘的；D. uncontrollable无法控制的。根据上文“Therefore, the ___10___ of sheep and goats meant that nothing prevented woody bushes from dominating the land,”可知，因为灌木丛茂盛，可能会诱发无法控制的森林大火。故选D。
122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们希望开展农村地区的恢复项目，意大利40年来最严重的野火从山顶一直烧到大海。A. production产品；B. creation创新，创作；C. restoration修复；D. competition竞争。根据下文“where Italy’s worst wildfire within 40 years ___13___ its way from the mountain tops to the sea.”可知，因为意大利的野火烧毁了许多森林，这些牧民准备实施一个恢复计划。故选C。
123．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. burned燃烧，烧毁；B. picked挑选；C. blocked阻塞，阻碍；D. forced强迫。根据下文的“its way from the mountain tops to the sea”可知，野火烧毁了许多森林。故选A。
124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们希望引进更多的牧羊人来控制火灾，并鼓励该地区的生态旅游。A. vary不同，改变；B. reduce减少；C. encourage鼓励；D. spread传播。根据下文的“eco-tourism in the area”可知，他们也希望能够鼓励该地区的生态旅游。故选C。
125．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些对森林的生存投入最大的人值得去拯救它们，这对牧羊人和动物都是有意义的。A. exploration探索；B. location位置，定位；C. health健康；D. survival生存。根据全文内容可知，这些有助于森林存在下去的投资是值得的。故选D。
真题演练
2022年完形填空说明文、议论文

Close 1
【2022年全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___21___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___23___ .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___24___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___25___ research results in child developmental psychology ___26___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___28___ . We then asked the child if she could ___29___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ___31___ children said that they couldn’t ___32___ to her.
A number of ___33___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ___34___ the questions and knew ___35___ what was asked of them. Their ___36___ to the questions reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ___40___ when others use it.
21. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
22. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
23. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
24. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
25. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
26. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
27. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
28. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
29. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
30. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
31. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
32. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
33. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
34. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
35. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
37. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
38. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
39. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
40. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B
31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
Close 2
【2022年浙江卷6月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good ___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
16. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know
17. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that
18. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment
19. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important
20. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility
21. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier
22. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name
23. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student
24. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect
25. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce
26. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful
27. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example
28. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine
29. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately
30. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership
31. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand
32. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget
33. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack
34. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending
35. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
16.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。
17.A【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。
18.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 　　　2　　 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。
19.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。
20.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。
21.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
22.B【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。
23.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。
24.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a ____8____ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
25.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。
26.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。
27.D【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。
28.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。
29.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
30.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
31.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。
32.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
33.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B. measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。
34.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B. giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。
35.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。
Close 3
【2022年浙江卷6月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good ___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
16. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know
17. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that
18. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment
19. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important
20. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility
21. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier
22. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name
23. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student
24. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect
25. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce
26. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful
27. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example
28. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine
29. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately
30. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership
31. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand
32. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget
33. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack
34. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending
35. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
16.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。
17.A【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。
18.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 　　　2　　 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。
19.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选C项。
20.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。
21.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D. healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
22.B【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。
23.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。
24.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a ____8____ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
25.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。
26.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。
27.D【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。
28.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。
29.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
30.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
31.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。
32.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
33.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B. measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。
34.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B. giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。
35.A