【知识点汇总】高一英语 人教版（2019） 必修三 Unit 4 Space exploration

【知识点汇总】必修三 Unit 4 Space exploration

【词汇短语】

1. Do you know anything about the selection procedure for astronauts? (P38) 

你知道宇航员的选拔步骤吗？

procedure  /prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/  n. 程序；步骤；手续

【搭配】

normal/standard/accepted procedure  正常的/标准的/惯用的步骤

【例句】

It’s important to follow the regular procedure.

按照惯常的程序行事是很重要的。

There is some confusion about what the correct procedure should be.

对于应该采取什么正确步骤，还是有些不明确。

He is familiar with export procedure.

他熟悉出口手续。

2. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. (P39)

首先，你必须足够聪明，获得一个相关的大学学位。

intelligent  /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/  adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的

【例句】

The dolphin is an intelligent animal.

海豚是聪明的动物。

She’s even more intelligent than his sister.

她甚至比她姐姐还聪明。

Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams with ease.

安妮很聪明，能够轻易地通过考试。

Intelligent computers will soon be an indispensable diagnostic tool for every doctor.

智能计算机很快将成为每位医生必不可少的诊断工具。

3. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. (P40)

然而，有些科学家下定决心要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。

determined  /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/  adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的

determine  /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/  vt. 查明；确定；决定

【搭配】

be determined to do sth  决心/决定做某事

【例句】

Our football team were determined to win the game despite difficulties.

尽管困难重重，我们的足球队决心要赢得这场比赛。

【拓展】

determination  n. 决心，果断，坚定

【例句】

He showed great courage and determination.

他表现得十分勇敢和果断。

4. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. (P40)

1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。

launch  /lɔːntʃ/  vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市

【例句】

This morning’s launch of the space shuttle has been delayed.

定于今天上午的航天飞机的发射已经被推迟了。

The new generation of smartphones launched yesterday received much media coverage.

昨天发布的新一代智能手机受到了媒体的广泛报道。

The organization has launched a campaign to raise $150,000.

为了筹集15万美元，该组织发起了一场募捐活动。

5. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. (P41)

这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。

disappointed  /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/  adj. 失望的；沮丧的

【搭配】

be disappointed at/by sth  对某事失望 

be disappointed in/with sb  对某人失望

be disappointed (not) to do sth  对（未）做某事感到失望

【例句】

Instead of being disappointed at where you are, think optimistically about where you are going.  与其对自己的处境感到失望，不如乐观地想想你要去哪里。

We noticed a disappointed look on his face because he didn’t pass the driving test.

我们注意到他脸上失望的表情，因为他没有通过驾照考试。

【拓展】

disappoint  vt. & vi. （使）失望

disappointing  adj. 令人失望的，令人失望的（常用来形容物）

disappointment  n. [U] 失望的；[C] 使人失望的人（或事物）

to one’s (great) disappointment = (much) to one’s (great) disappointment  令某人非常失望的是

【例句】

The conclusion of the book was disappointing. 

这部书的结尾令人失望。

Disappointment hit her like a ton of bricks. 

他大失所望。

6. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. (P41)      

这些悲剧使人倍感伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。

desire  /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/  n. 渴望；欲望  vt. 渴望；期望

【搭配】

desire for sth  对某物的渴望 

desire to do sth  对做某事的渴望

have no desire for sth/to so sth  没有得到某物的愿望/不想做某事

satisfy one’s desire  满足某人的愿望/欲望

desire (sb) to do sth  渴望（某人）做某事的

【例句】

My sister has a strong desire for knowledge. 

我姐姐有强烈的求知欲。

Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 

伟大源于对探索的持久渴望。

7. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. (P41)

这是因为尽管风险巨大，人们还是坚信太空探索极为重要。

carry on  继续做，坚持干

【搭配】

carry on (with) sth/carry on doing sth  继续做某事

【例句】

If you carry on working like that, you will make yourself ill. 

如果你继续那样工作，就会生病的。

Please carry on as usual while I am away. 

我不在时，请照常进行。

【拓展】

carry out  实施，执行（计划、命令等），完成（任务）

carry sth through  （克服困难后）把……进行到底，完成

carry sb through (sth)  使某人渡过难关

8. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. (P41)

2003年，杨利伟乘坐“神舟五号”宇宙飞船成功环绕地球运行，中国成为世界上第三个能够独立将人类送入太空的国家。

independently  /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntlɪ/  adv. 独立地；自立地

【例句】

It was the first time that she had lived independently. 

那是她第一次独立生活。

【拓展】

independent  adj. 独立的；自立的     

be independent of sb/sth  不依靠某人/某事物

independence  n. [U] 独立；自立       

gain independence from ... 从……中获得独立

【例句】

Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents. 

你既然是一名大学生了，就应该学着不依赖父母。

9. This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future. (P41)

这标志着中国未来建设空间站的计划又迈出了一步。

signal  /ˈsɪɡnəl/  vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号  n. 信号；标志

【搭配】

signal (to/for) sb to do sth  示意某人做某事

a danger/warning signal  危险/警告信号 

traffic signals  交通信号灯

【例句】

With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 

因为能提前看到，无人机可以就任何问题发出信号，这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出

反应。

Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.

就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会发生变化。

10. Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. (P42)

由于失重，宇航员们的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常虚弱，因此他们需要每天锻炼，这将有助于他们保持健康。

lack  /læk/  n. 缺乏；短缺  vt. 没有；缺乏

【搭配】

(a) lack of ...  缺乏…… 

for lack of ...  因缺乏……

no lack of ...  不缺……

【例句】

There is no lack of beauty in life but lack of the eyes to discover it.

生活中并不缺少美，而是缺少发现美的眼睛。

Emma says it’s challenging to be a health expert, because people can be easily influenced by advertisements that lack scientific support.

艾玛说，成为一名健康专家很有挑战性，因为人们很容易受到缺乏科学依据的广告的影响。

11. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. (P42)

宇航员们在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有东西都粘住，否则一切都会飘走。

otherwise  /ˈʌðəwaɪz/  adv. 否则；要不然

【例句】

My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn’t have afforded the trip.

我父母借钱给我了。否则，我可付不起这次旅费。

I will try my best to do it. I would not make a promise otherwise.

我会尽全力去做的，否则我就不会作出承诺。

Sometimes you need to look back, otherwise you will never know what you have lost while searching.

偶尔要回头看看，否则你永远不知道在追寻中自己失去了什么。

12. Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey? (P42)

科学家们会想出一种方法来储存足够的食物和水以备长途旅行之用吗？

figure out  弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白

【例句】

When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self-pity.

当出现问题时，要尽力想出解决办法，而不是沉浸在自怜中。

【拓展】

figure out   计算（数量或成本）   

break out  爆发

pick out  精选；辨认出 

turn out  结果是，证明是，原来是

work out  锻炼身体；计算，计算出；解决，想出；计划，思考

give out  用完，耗尽；分发；发出，放出（热、光等）

13. Oh, such as what facilities do they have in space to support their daily life? (P43)

哦，比如他们在太空中有什么设施来保障他们的日常生活？

facility  /fəˈsɪləti/  n. 设施；设备

【搭配】

sports/leisure/conference facilities  体育/休闲/会议设施

shopping/banking/cooking facilities  商店设施/银行设施/炊事设备

【例句】

The hotel has special facilities for welcoming disabled people.

这家旅馆有专供残疾人使用的设施。

All rooms have private facilities (= a private bathroom).

每一个房间都有独立的浴室。

【语法知识】

一、动词不定式作状语     

二、动词不定式作定语

1. 位置：动词不定式作定语，一般位于所修饰词的后面，可扩展为一个定语从句。

We are looking for an apartment to live in. = We are looking for an apartment that we can live in.

我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。

2. 用法

(1)  动词不定式作定语可表示还未发生的动作。

All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.

明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。

The competition to be held next year will surely attract many international tourists.

明年要举行的比赛肯定会吸引许多国际游客。

(2) 序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等词语后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。

The next train to arrive was from New York.

下一趟抵达的火车是从纽约开来的。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave.

他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。

(3) 抽象名词ability, chance, opportunity, way, right (权利), courage, decision, hope, wish等后常用动词不定式作定语。

Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.

多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。

Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a good chance to see your friends again.

开始一个新学期总是很令人兴奋，这是一个再次见到你朋友们的好机会。

(4) something, nothing, anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。

We have nothing to fear but fear itself.

人最害怕的就是害怕本身。

(5) 在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，被修饰的中心词是不定式的逻辑宾语时，不定式用主动式或被动式均可。

There is nothing to worry about/to be worried about.

没什么可担心的。

注意：在there be句型中，如果动词不定式有逻辑主语，则动词不定式只能用主动形式。

3. 构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间的关系

(1) 主谓关系：主谓关系指的是被修饰词是构成动词不定式的动词的逻辑主语。此时的动词不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。

We need someone to help with the work. = We need someone that can help with the work.

我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。

(2) 动宾关系：动宾关系指的是被修饰词是构成动词不定式的动词的逻辑宾语，所以作定语的不定式不能带宾语。

Do you have anything to send?

你有什么东西要寄吗？

(3) 同位关系：同位关系指的是不定式对所修饰的名词的内容起解释、说明作用。这类被修饰词有两类，一种是由动词派生出来的抽象名词，如plan, decision等，另一种是如campaign, evidence, opportunity, position, power, project, reason, right等的抽象名词。

My plan to go abroad has failed.

我出国的计划没能实现。

We don’t have enough evidence to prove that he was wrong.

我们没有充足的证据来证明他是错的。