2022-2023学年北京理工大学附中高一（上）期中英语试卷(1)(1)

这是一份2022-2023学年北京理工大学附中高一（上）期中英语试卷(1)(1)，共20页。

2022-2023学年北京理工大学附中高一（上）期中英语试卷
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的ABC三项选项中选出最佳选项。听完后，每小题将有10秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听一遍。
1．（1分）What color trousers does the woman like？
A.Brown.
B.Blue.
C.Gray.
2．（1分）What will the two speakers do？
A.Book air tickets.
B.Have a holiday.
C.Move to Florida.
3．（1分）When will the next bus for Chicago leave？
A.At 8：00.
B.At 8：10.
C.At 8：15.
4．（1分）What will the man probably do this evening？
A.Finish the term paper.
B.Go to the football match.
C.Make a plan for tomorrow.
5．（1分）What's the probably relationship between the two speakers？
A.Teacher and student.
B.Roommates.
C.Classmates.
第二节（共4小题；每小题2分，共10分。）听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将有5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
6．（2分）（1）Where are the two speakers？
A.In the hospital.
B.In the police office.
C.In an ambulance.
（2）Who was injured in the accident？
A.The black dog.
B.The driver in the white car.
C.The driver in the black car.
7．（2分）（1）What is the woman doing？
A.Checking in.
B.Shopping.
C.Booking a room.
（2）How would the woman like to pay？
A.In cash.
B.By credit card.
C.By cheque.
8．（3分）（1）How can parents prevent children from falling down the stairs？
A.By using mats.
B.By fitting safety gates.
C.By leaving them in the bath.
（2）Which is the most dangerous room according to the woman？
A.The kitchen.
B.The bathroom.
C.The living room.
（3）What's the man's job？
A.A writer.
B.A TV host.
C.A radio host.
9．（3分）（1）Which show are famous people invited to take part in？
A.The News.
B.Nighttime.
C.The Children's Room.
（2）When does the show The Children's Room begin？
A.At 3：30.
B.At 6：00.
C.At 11：30.
（3）On which channel can people answer questions and get money？
A.Channel 11.
B.Channel 6.
C.Channel 3.
第三节（共1小题；每小题5分，共5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。
10．（5分）Book Club Membership Form
Name
John Williams
Job
A （1）　 　
Telephone No.
（2）　 　
Preferred book type
（3）　 　 stories
Book being read now
Flight Behavior，a （4）　 　
Annual membership fee
﹩ （5）　 　
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）第一节 完形填空（共2小题；每小题5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出作家选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
11．（5分）
The Underdog
Paul was my friend.We both loved basketball and were （1）　 　our school basketball team.He was only 1.6 meters tall and he used Bogues，who was ever the shortest player in the NBA，as his inspiration.Our coach was not so sure about his performance in the game.He had to try out many times for （2）　 　the team.（3）　 　 Paul worked really hard，practised more and had a strong desire to play for the team，he was still usually on the bench，being just a replacement.
During this week's basketball match against the Bears，I got hurt and couldn't play any more，so Paul got the chance to play on the （4）　 　.He made shot after shot，and the Bears couldn't keep up with his energy and speed.In the end，our team won by two point.From Paul all of us knew that every effort in doing anything would（5）　 　one day.

（1）A.in
B.on
C.at
D.for
（2）A.doing
B.making
C.beating
D.winning
（3）A.Because
B.If
C.Although
D.Since
（4）A.court
B.field
C.playground
D.stadium
（5）A.take off
B.pay off
C.give off
D.go off
12．（10分）
Take an Option
Jerry was a natural motivator.He was always in a good mood and always had something（1）　 　to say，which really made me curious.One day I went up to ask him how he did that. "Well，life is all about（2）　 　.It's your option how you live your life，" Jerry replied.
Soon I moved to another city.Several months later，I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing.（3）　 　，he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital.After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care，he was（4）　 　 from the hospital.
Later，when we met again，I asked Jerry what had（5）　 　 his mind during the accident. "As I lay in the snow，I knew I had two options：One was to live，the other was to die.I chose to live，" Jerry said. "The paramedics（急救人员）were great.They kept telling me I was going to be fine.But when they（6）　 　 me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors，I got really（7）　 　.In their eyes，I read，'He's a dead man.' I knew I needed to take action.I told them，'Operate on me as if I'm alive，not dead.' You see，I just tried to（8）　 　 their confidence." Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors，but also because of his amazing（9）　 　 to live.
Jerry has taught me a lot.I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully.Your（10）　 　，after all，is everything.

（1）A.regular
B.familiar
C.positive
D.typical
（2）A.choices
B.trends
C.relations
D.secrets
（3）A.Normally
B.Obviously
C.Hopefully
D.Luckily
（4）A.preserved
B.released
C.distinguished
D.abandoned
（5）A.gone through
B.put up
C.turned in
D.called for
（6）A.forced
B.followed
C.wheeled
D.recommended
（7）A.bored
B.frightened
C.confused
D.embarrassed
（8）A.express
B.share
C.gain
D.inspire
（9）A.talent
B.achievement
C.desire
D.evidence
（10）A.attitude
B.standard
C.ability
D.control
第二节 语法填空（共1小题；每小题10分，共10分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
13．（10分）
A

Long﹣distance running brings lots of（1）　 　（benefit）.First，it doesn't need any special equipment.Also，running strengthens our immune system and prevents diseases.Besides，anybody who is feeling down can go for a run （2）　 　（cheer） themselves up.Even a thirty﹣minute run can provide relief from aches or tension （3）　 　you may be suffering due to stress .Just keep running.Nothing gives more satisfaction than realizing （4）　 　 you are capable of with all the sweat and hard work.


B

Everyone （5）　 　 （love） snow.But when school stays open despite the snow，it can be really annoying.However，there is one upside of going to school （6）　 　 a cold winter day：you might be smarter.So far，researchers who study the brain （7）　 　 （find） that cold temperatures make us think more quickly since messages travel faster among our brain cells.So the scientists say hanging out on a cold morning may boost the result of any test that day.


C

A black hole is a spot in space that has （8）　 　 （power） gravity.Its gravity is so strong that it pulls everything nearby into it，stars，planets and other things.Black holes form when a star dies.When that happens，a huge amount of matter crowds into a very small space，which becomes very dense.Black holes （9）　 　 （talk） about in 1783 first.That year，one scientist said that in the universe，there might be places with strong gravity to trap light，although he didn't use the term "black hole".
第二部分：阅读理解（共4小题；每小题6分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
14．（6分）How to look good in a photo？
What should you do if you want to have a nice photo taken？Whether it's work or fun，the most important thing is lighting.If you get bad lighting，you will look bad，too.Know where the light is.You don't want it below you or above you，you want it to shine directly at you.
The important thing is no shadow.If you are being photographed outside，do it in the morning，or wait till the 2 o'clock shadow has passed.Also don't let pictures in the magazines stress you out﹣all the pictures are taken by great photographers.And all the faces have had pimples （丘疹，粉刺）taken out by computers.
Tip your head and learn what angles work with your face；everyone is different.So you have to learn what suits you.You can practice in Photo Booth for as long as it is your turn，to learn what angles suit your face.Tip your neck to make it look longer，make eye contact with the camera.No one can look bad if they smile.
For long legs，point one leg into center of the frame and get the photographer to shoot looking up your body.
For just leg shots，lie upside down and raise legs in the air for the best angle.And your legs will look thinner and be in better shape.
Keep shoulders back.
Always have mouth slightly open，enough to put a penny between your lips，as this will make your lips look fuller.
Lower your eyes and then look up just as shutter （快门） is clicked for full eyes.
Delete any evidence of a less than perfect photogenic moment，everyone has off days.

（1）If you want to look good in a photo，the light should be 　 　.
A.below you
B.above you
C.directly at you
D.right behind you
（2）According to the passage，we should consider all EXCEPT 　 　.
A.light
B.shadow
C.angles
D.photographers
（3）According to the author，we can infer that 　 　 is an easy way to make you look good in a photo.
A.smile
B.long neck
C.long legs
D.full lips
15．（8分）If there was a subject at school that made me anxious，it was science．Maybe that's because in my tenth grade，I couldn't understand my physics teacher's instructions，causing me to accidentally set fire to the classroom．So，when my husband and I decided to home﹣school our daughters，we made a deal：he would teach science，while I would handle everything else．But that's not how things have been going these past few weeks，since my husband has been too busy to teach the girls．
Recently，while out on my morning hike before starting lessons，I noticed that the sky was a beautiful blue，and the air was filled with the sweet smell of flowers．That's why I decided that the day's lessons would be taught outside，although I remembered that my daughters hadn't had any science classes from my husband for a while．
I returned to the house to get the girls ready．We headed up into the forest，settling ourselves by a pond that rarely has any visitors．My daughter Saoirse started to pick up pond weeds and catch frogs，while my other daughter Ula looked at me，waiting to be instructed．I handed her a drawing board and colored pencils． "We wait， "I told her， " and see if something comes along．In the meantime，just draw what's around you．"
We worked for more than an hour，hardly speaking．A bird flew across the water，and then settled in a front of a fallen tree．I quickly told Ula，worried that she'd not seen the creature．But she had，and she started drawing it．An hour later，she she'd not finished her picture and I stared down at it．She drew the bird on her paper with amazing accuracy．But there was one other interesting fact about this drawing：she also drew me，sitting beside her．
I realized，as I stared at this child's drawing of us watching a bird，how I'd lived for 40 years，gathered 10 years of higher education，and never understood the foundation of science before this moment．The foundation of science is a sense of wonder；it isn't about accurately reciting words from a textbook．It is first and foremost about stepping outside our busy lives and amazing at the world around us．

（1）How did the author feel about science when in school？　 　
A，She was nervous about it．
B．She was fond of it．
C．She was confused about it．
D．She was eager for it．
（2）The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refers to"　 　"．
A．the fallen tree
B．the forest
C．the bird
D．the picture
（3）Which of the following best describes Ula？　 　
A．She's very outgoing．
B．She's good at observing．
C．She's very hard﹣working．
D．She shares interests with her sister．
（4）What is the foundation of science in the author's opinion？　 　
A．Attention to accuracy．
B．Curiosity about the outside world．
C．Determination to find out the truth．
D．Ability to understand teachers' instructions．
16．（8分）Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits﹣﹣including making your brain sharper．
Yes，it turns out that overweight may damage cognitive（认知的） functions such as memory and attention．There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning，possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance．Losing weight，therefore，may help improve these mental functions，according to a new research led by John Gunstad，assistant professor of psychology at Kent State University．
Growing evidence suggests that being fat is linked to cognitive deficits（缺陷）．So Gunstad and his team guessed that losing weight might improve mental function．For their study，they measured memory and attention in a group of 150 overweight participants，some of whom had some kind of operation for weight loss and some did not．All of the volunteers completed mental skills tests to assess their abilities of memory and attention at the beginning of the study，and again 12 weeks later．To begin with，about 24% of the patients showed damaged learning and 23% showed signs of poor memory when tested．At the end of the study，those who had lost weight after operation improved their scores into the average or above average range for cognitive functions．Scores for the volunteers who didn't lose weight dropped even further．
The study helped Gunstad to find out whether losing weight had any effect on mental function．Now that he's seen the positive effect that weight loss can have on memory and attention，he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way﹣﹣eating healthier and getting more active．He expects that losing weight in this way will have a similarly positive effect on the brain． "If we can improve the condition with operations，then we can probably produce the same change with behavioral weight loss as well，" he says．

（1）There is less research on overweight and cognitive functions because researchers 　 　．
A．believe overweight only affects our body
B．have focused on ways to sharpen people's mind
C．do not consider overweight a main cause for low cognitive ability
D．are clear about the relation between weight and mental functions
（2）The result of Gunstad's study shows that 　 　．
A．losing weight has little effect on people's memory
B．losing weight can improve people's mental functions
C．overweight people are likely to have psychology problems
D．overweight people's abilities of concentration differ greatly
（3）What is Gunstad planning to prove next in his research？ 　 　
A．Slim people are smarter than overweight people．
B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in losing weight．
C．Traditional ways of losing weight are better than operation．
D．Overweight people will get smarter by taking more exercise．
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？ 　 　
A．Body Weight and Health
B．Losing Weight by Operation
C．Ways to Improve Mental Functions
D．Losing Weight to Sharpen Your Mind
17．（8分）Running on Empty
For almost a century，scientists have assumed，tiredness﹣or exhaustion﹣in athletes originates in the muscles（肌肉）．Precise explanations have varied，but all have been based on the"Limitations Theory"．In other words，muscles tire because they hit a physical limit；they either run out of fuel or oxygen or they drown in harmful by﹣products （副产品）．
In the past few years，however，Timothy Noakes from the University of Cape Town．South Africa，has examined this standard theory．Tiredness，he argues，is caused not by signals springing from overtaxed muscles，but is an emotional response which begins in the brain．The fundamental nature of his new theory is that the brain paces the muscles to keep them well back from the edge of exhaustion．When the brain decides it's time to quit，it creates unbearable muscle tiredness．This"Central Governor"theory remains controversial，but it does﹣explain many puzzling aspects of athletic performance．
A recent discovery that Noakes calls the"lactic acid paradox"made him start researching this area seriously．Lactic acid is a by﹣product of exercise，and the increase of it is often mentioned as a cause of tiredness．But when research subjects exercise in certain conditions created artificially，they become tired even though lactic acid levels remain low．
Nor has the oxygen content of their blood fallen too low for them to keep going．Obviously，something else was making them tire before they hit either of these physiological limits．Noakes conducted an experiment with seven cyclists．It has long been known that during exercise，the body never uses 100% of the available muscle fibres （纤维）．The amount used varies；but in some tasks such as this cycling test the body calls on about 30%．His team found that as tiredness set in，the electrical activity in cyclist's legs declined﹣even when they were making a great effort to cycle as fast as they could．
To Noakes，this was strong evidence that the old theory was wrong．"The cyclists may have felt completely exhausted，"he says，"but their bodies actually had considerable reserves that they could theoretically tap by using a greater amount of the resting fibres．"
This，he believes；is the proof that the brain is regulating the pace of the workout to hold the well back from the point of extreme tiredness．
67，Which of the following is supported by the"Limitations Theory"？ 　 　
A．Tiredness is caused by signals from brain．
B．Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy．
C．The body uses 100% of the muscle fibres in exercise．
D．Athletes become tired though lactic acid levels remain low．
68．Noakes has found out that． 　 　
A．muscle fibres control athletes' movements
B．lactic acid levels remain high in cycling test
C．mental processes control the symptoms of tiredness
D．different exercises use different amount of muscle fibres
69．It is likely that both theories accept that． 　 　
A．lactic acid is produced in muscles during exercise
B．the oxygen content in blood may rise after sports
C．tiredness is a harmful by﹣product of exercise
D．the energy in human bodies can be
70．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？ 　 　
A．The description of a new test．
B．The explanation of the theory．
C．The puzzling evidence of a study．
D．The whole process of the research．
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 方框选词填空（共1小题，每小题10分，共10分）
18．（10分）tend to，volunteer to，be fed up with，cheer up，in response to，due to，adapt to，be capable of，in case，make great contributions to

（1）Don't worry.You will 　 　 the new environment before long.
（2）I do hope she can 　 　 and accept the challenge of life bravely.
（3）I am writing 　 　 the letter you wrote to me yesterday.
（4）He has told me his story so many times that I 　 　 listening to it.
（5）The success in his career was partly 　 　 the support given by his family and most his personal efforts.
（6）It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay 　 　 we got worried.
（7）Over the past few decades，scientists 　 　 the space industry of our motherland.
（8）After the party，Jack 　 　 clean up the house for Helen，which made her pleased.
（9）When exposed to danger，men 　 　 increase blood pressure，feeling nervous or anxious.
（10）The human body 　 　 doing many things，such as jumping high and running fast.
第二节（15分）
19．（15分）假设你是红星中学的高一学生李华，请给你的外教Jim写一封邮件，告诉他你打算参加"彩色跑"，并希望他一起参加。邮件的内容包括：1.介绍"彩色跑"的相关内容（时间、地点、参加者等）；2.说明你打算参加的原因；3.询问对方的意向。
注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：彩色跑The Color Run
Dear Jim，
____________________________________

Yours，
Li Hua

2022-2023学年北京理工大学附中高一（上）期中英语试卷
参考答案与试题解析
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的ABC三项选项中选出最佳选项。听完后，每小题将有10秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听一遍。
1．【解答】略
2．【解答】略
3．【解答】略
4．【解答】略
5．【解答】略
第二节（共4小题；每小题2分，共10分。）听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将有5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
6．【解答】略
7．【解答】略
8．【解答】略
9．【解答】略
第三节（共1小题；每小题5分，共5分）听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。
10．【解答】略
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）第一节 完形填空（共2小题；每小题5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出作家选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
11．【解答】（1）考查介词及语境理解。A.in在……里面；B.on在……上面；C.at在某个地方；D.for为了。根据后文 During this week's basketball match against the Bears，I got hurt and couldn't play any more，so Paul got the chance to play on the （4）可知在本周对熊队的篮球比赛中，我受伤了，不能再打了，所以保罗得到了上场的机会。说明我们都在校队里。故选B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.doing做；B.making使成为；C.beating打败；D.winning赢得。根据空前He had to try out many times可知为了入选该队，他不得不参加多次选拔。故选B。
（3）考查连词及语境理解。A.Because 因为；B.If 如果；C.Although尽管；D.Since自从。尽管保罗非常努力，练习得更多，并有强烈的愿望为球队效力，但他仍然经常坐在板凳上，只是一个替补。故选C。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.court球场；B.field领域；C.playground操场；D.stadium体育馆。根据上句During this week's basketball match against the Bears，I got hurt and couldn't play any more可知在本周对熊队的篮球比赛中，我受伤了，不能再打了，所以保罗得到了上场的机会。故选A。
（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.take off起飞；B.pay off得到回报；C.give off散发；D.go off离开。根据上句In the end，our team won by two point.可知最后，我们队以两分之差获胜。说明从保罗那里，我们所有人都知道，做任何事的努力都会有回报的。故选B。
12．【解答】（1）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.regular规律的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.positive积极的；D.typical典型的。根据上文"He was always in a good mood"可知，他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话。故选C.
（2）A．考查名词及语境理解。A.choices选择；B.trends趋势；C.relations关系；D.secrets秘密。根据下文"It's your option how you live your life"（如何生活是你自己的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选择。故选A.
（3）D．考查副词及语境理解。A.Normally正常地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Luckily幸运地。根据下文"he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital"可知，幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。故选D.
（4）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.preserved保存；B.released释放；C.distinguished区分；D.abandoned抛弃。根据上文"After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care"可知，经过8个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。故选B.
（5）A．考查动词短语及语境理解。A.gone through通过；B.put up张贴；C.turned in交上；D.called for要求。根据下文"As I lay in the snow，I knew I had two options：One was to live，the other was to die."（当我躺在雪地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指 "我"问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选A.
（6）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.forced强迫；B.followed跟随；C.wheeled用车推；D.recommended推荐。根据空后的"into the emergency room"可知，此处是指用病床推病人进急诊室。故选C.
（7）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A.bored无聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据下文"He's a dead man."（他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情，"我"真的吓坏了。故选B.
（8）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.express表达；B.share分享；C.gain获得；D.inspire激发。根据上文"Operate on me as if I'm alive，not dead."（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发医生的信心。故选D.
（9）C．考查名词及语境理解。A.talent天赋；B.achievement成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence证据。根据上文"Operate on me as if I'm alive，not dead."（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。故选C.
（10）A．考查名词及语境理解。A.attitude态度；B.standard标准；C.ability能力；D.control控制。根据上文"I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. "（我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可以选择活得充实。）可知，你的态度决定一切。故选A.
第二节 语法填空（共1小题；每小题10分，共10分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
13．【解答】（1）考查可数名词复数。句意：长跑有许多好处。benefit好处，可数名词，a lot of 后加可数名词复数，故填benefits。
（2）考查动词不定式。句意：此外，任何情绪低落的人都可以去跑步，让自己振作起来。此处是动词不定式在句中做目的状语。故填to cheer。
（3）考查定语从句。句意：即使是30分钟的跑步也可以缓解你因压力而感到的疼痛或紧张。分析句子可知本句是定语从句，先行词是aches or tension ，在定语从句中做宾语，所以用that引导。故填that。
（4）考查宾语从句。句意：没有什么比意识到你有能力付出所有的汗水和努力更令人满意的了。分析句子可知此处是宾语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，所以用that引导。故填that。
（5）考查时态。句意：每个人都喜欢下雪。陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。故填loves。
（6）考查介词。句意：然而，在一个寒冷的冬日去上学有一个好处：你可能会更聪明。在具体的某一天，用介词on。故填on。
（7）考查时态。句意：到目前为止，研究大脑的研究人员已经发现，寒冷的温度使我们思考得更快。根据句中时间状语So far可知，这里用现在完成时。故填have found。
（8）考查形容词。句意：黑洞是空间中具有强大引力的点。空后为名词，所以空处应为形容词作定语修饰名词。故填powerful。
（9）考查时态语态。句意：黑洞最早在1783年被讨论。本句时间状语为1783，所以谓语动词应用一般过去时。且主语为"black holes"，所以谓语应用复数，且应用被动。所以谓语动词应用一般过去时的被动语态，且复数。故填were talked。
第二部分：阅读理解（共4小题；每小题6分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
14．【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段If you get bad lighting，you will look bad，too.Know where the light is.You don't want it below you or above you，you want it to shine directly at you.（如果光线不好，你的形象也会很差。知道光在哪里。你不希望它低于你或高于你，你希望它直接照耀你。 ）可知，如果你想在照片中看起来漂亮，光线应该是直射你。故选C项。
（2）细节理解题。根据前三段中Know where the light is（知道光在哪里）"和"The key thing is no shadow.（关键是不要有阴影）"以及"You can practice in Photo Booth for as long as it is your turn，to learn what angles suit your face.（只要轮到你，你就可以在照相亭练习，学习什么角度适合你的脸。）可知要想拍好照片，必须考虑到光线，角度以及阴影。ABC三项都是要考虑的内容，只有D项不是，因为摄影师是专业的拍照人员，水平很高，是不要我们多考虑的。故选D项。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段No one can look bad if they smile.（如果微笑的话，没有人是难看的）可知微笑是会让人拍照好看的。故选A项。
15．【解答】1．A．推理判断题．根据文章第一段第一句话，If there was a subject at school that made me anxious ，it was science．可知 anxious 和 nervous 是同义词替换，科学总是让作者感到焦虑，紧张，故选A．
2．C．词义猜测题．根据文章第四段But she started drawing it．第四段第一句中，A bird flew across the water，and then settled in front of a fallen tree．一只鸟从水面上飞过…可知．it指的是"鸟"．故选C．
3．B．细节理解题．根据文章第四段的后半部分，An hour later，she finished her pictures and I stared down at it．She drew the bird on her paper with amazing accuracy．But there was one other interesting fact about this drawing；she also drew me ，sitting beside her．在作者女儿的画作中很容易看出来，非常擅长观察．故选B．
4．B．细节理解题．根据最后一段的The foundation of science is a sense of wonder；It is first and foremost about stepping outside our busy lives and amazing at the world around us．学习科学的目的在于使我们对整个世界充满好奇．故选B．
16．【解答】1．C 细节理解题．根据第二段"There have been few studies of overweight and cognitive functioning，possibly because it is generally believed that it is not a primary risk cause for poor cognitive performance关于超重和认知功能的研究很少，这可能是因为人们普遍认为超重不是导致认知功能低下的主要危险因素"可知人们在此之前很少研究肥胖和认知功能之间是否存在关系的原因是人们没有认为肥胖是导致认知功能下降的基本原因，故选C．
2．B 细节理解题．根据第一段"Losing weight，therefore，may help improve these mental functions，因此，减肥可能有助于改善这些心理功能"可知减肥可以改善大脑功能，故选B．
3．D 推理判断题．根据最后一段"Now that he's seen the positive effect …he says he will next study those who choose to lose weight by the traditional way﹣eating healthier and getting more active．现在他看到了积极的效果…他说他下一步将研究那些选择传统方式减肥的人，他们吃得更健康，更活跃"可以判断他在接下来要研究那些通过锻炼和健康饮食减肥的人们，看是否健康减肥也存在这种对大脑的积极影响，故选D．
4．D 主旨大意题．文章首段提出中心"Losing weight comes with a lot of health benefits﹣including making your brain sharper．减肥对健康有很多好处，包括让你的大脑更敏锐"并在下文中对这项研究进行了详细的介绍，由此可知D选项内容可以概括文章中心，故选D．
17．【解答】67 B 细节理解题．根据文章第一段第三句In other words，muscles tire because they hit a physical limit：they either run out of fuel or oxygen or they drown in harmful by﹣products（副产品），可知运动员在用完精力后会缺氧或者感觉疲惫．故选B．
68 C 细节理解题．根据文章第二段得知Noakes认为是大脑中心的活动控制着人体劳累的各种表现，得知C为正确答案．
69 A 细节理解题．根据文中第三段可知，两种理论都认为lactic acid 为运动过程中产生的副产品．故选A．
70 C 主旨大意题．文章第三段主要讲在研究Limitations Theory时发现的不足之处．故选C．
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 方框选词填空（共1小题，每小题10分，共10分）
18．【解答】（1）考查动词短语作谓语。根据句意"别担心。不久你就会适应新环境的。"可知要填的词为"adapt to适应"，前面有will，所以用动词原形，故填adapt to。
（2）考查动词短语作谓语。根据句意"我希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战。"可知要填的词为"cheer up振作起来"，前面有情态动词，所以用动词原形，故填cheer up。
（3）考查固定搭配。根据句意"我写这封信是回复你昨天给我的信。"可知要填的词为"in response to回复"，故填in response to。
（4）考查固定搭配和时态。根据句意"他给我讲了很多次他的故事，我听腻了。"可知要填的词为"be fed up with厌烦"，根据前面句子的时态，可知描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为I，故填am fed up with。
（5）考查固定搭配。根据句意"他事业上的成功部分归功于家人的支持和他个人的努力。"可知要填的词为"due to由于"，故填due to。
（6）考查固定搭配。根据句意"迈克尔很体贴地通知我们他的延误，以防我们担心。"可知要填的词为"in case以防"，故填in case。
（7）考查动词时态。根据句意"在过去的几十年里，科学家为我们祖国的航天事业做出了巨大贡献。"可知要填的词为"make great contributions to做出巨大贡献"，根据时间状语Over the past few decades，可知用现在完成时态，故填have made great contributions to。
（8）考查动词时态。根据句意"派对结束后，杰克自愿为海伦打扫房子，这让她很高兴。"可知要填的词为"volunteer to自愿"，根据后面句子的时态，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故填volunteered to。
（9）考查动词时态。根据句意"当暴露在危险中时，男性往往会血压升高，感到紧张或焦虑。"可知要填的词为"tend to往往会"，描述事实，所以用一般现在时态，故填tend to。
（10）考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句意"人体能够做很多事情，比如跳得高，跑得快。"可知要填的词为"be capable of能够"，描述事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语为可数名词单数，故填is capable of。
第二节（15分）
19．【解答】Dear Jim，
I'm writing to tell you my exciting plan to join in the Color Run，a fashionable and fun race.I wonder if you can go with me.（写信目的）
The Color Run will be held in Beijing on December 6th.Everyone can sign up for it as long as he or she is healthy.【高分句型一】（介绍"彩色跑"的相关内容） I' ve decided to participate in this activity because it will benefit me physically. 【高分句型二】In addition，I can make some new friends since it's a party of sports fans across the world.If you are interested in it，let me know and I' ll send you more information.（说明你打算参加的原因）
Hope to meet you in the Color Run.（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
4 18:29:57