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【期中知识点归纳】（译林版2020）2023-2024学年高二上册英语 选修2 Unit 2 Sports culture 知识点归纳 试卷.zip
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Unit 2 Sports culture
Welcome Unit
话题
体育文化/体育精神
词汇
ankle, motto, identical, boundary, flame, consistent, election, session, constitution, opponent, dignity, cheek
短语
compete with/against sb. for sth./ applaud sb. for sth./be consistent with sth./on trend/have an ambition to do sth./up in the ai/ keep sth. in perspective/ complain about/of sth./throw sb. a curveball/make a remark
句型
1. “It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分” 结构
2. “as引导非限制性定语从句” 句型
3. whether. . . or引导让步状语从句
语法
过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态
写作
写一篇关于体育精神的文章
1.motivate vt.激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①All what he did is about motivating people to learn(learn).
②Creativity is the most important quality to keep students interested and motivated (motivate).
③Motivated (motivate) by what the headmaster said, many students have devoted themselves to their studies.
【知识拓展】
(1)motivate sb.to do sth. 激励/激发某人做某事
(2)be motivated by 受……激励/激发;出于……原因
(3)motivation n.动力,积极性
the motivation for sth. 做某事的动力
2.participate vi.参加,参与
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)But the hearts of those who participated (participate) in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
②You may well participate with us in our gains.
③Every year about 40,000 people participate in the festival.
【知识拓展】
(1)participate in 参加,参与
(2)participate with sb. 和某人一起参加
(3)participant n.参与者
(4)participation n.参加,参与
3.proceed vi.接着做,继而做;继续从事(或进行);行进,前往
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①The young hero took off his coat and proceeded to undo his boots.
②We’re not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale.
③Do you really want to proceed against your opponent?
④Wrong opinions often proceed from lack of information.
【知识拓展】
(1)proceed with 继续进行
(2)proceed to do sth. 继续做某事
(3)proceed against sb. 起诉(某人),对(某人)提起诉讼
(4)proceed from sth. 由……引起;起因于;是……的结果
4.limit n. 限制;极限;界限vt.限制
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①To save the expense, the number of daily guests is limited to less than 100.
②Many people in China have limited(limit)exposure to English.
③With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
【知识拓展】
(1)limit ...to ... 把……限制在……内
be limited to ... 受限制于……
(2)beyond the limit 超过限度
set a limit to 限制……
(3)limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限制的
5.applaud vt.& vi.称赞,赞许;鼓掌
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①His efforts to improve the situation are to be applauded(applaud).
②I applaud her for having the courage to refuse.
③He started to applaud(applaud)and the others joined in.
【知识拓展】
(1)applaud sb. 赞扬某人; 赞美某人
applaud sb.for sth. 因某事为某人鼓掌
(2)applause n. 喝彩;鼓掌
give sb.applause for 因……而赞扬某人
win/get/draw applause 博得喝彩
6.opposing adj.对抗的;相反的
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①They oppose solving (solve) the problem by force.
②All the people present are opposed (oppose) to tearing down the old house.
③I opposed my son’s going (go) to the island on his own.
【知识拓展】
(1)the opposing side 对方
(2)the opposing view 截然不同的观点
(3)be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
(4)opposition n.(强烈的)反对,反抗,对抗
in opposition to 强烈反对;对比
7.compete vi.参加比赛;竞争
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①Young children will usually compete for their mother’s attention.
②Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
③Each year they compete in a prominent statewide bicycle race.
【知识拓展】
(1)compete with/against 与……竞争
(2)compete for 角逐,竞争;为……比赛
(3)compete in 参加……比赛(竞赛)
(4)compete to do sth. 竞争做某事
(5)competition n.竞争,比赛
in competition with 与……竞争
(6)competitor n.竞争者;参赛者;对手
(7)competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的
8.complain vi.&vt.抱怨,埋怨;投诉
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①Nowadays many workers often complain about/ of how hard their jobs are.
②The girl is writing to make a complaint (complain) against the quality of the goods.
③The young man left early, complaining (complain)of a headache.
【知识拓展】
(1)complain to sb.about/of sth.向某人抱怨某事
(2)complain of 诉说(病情或痛苦)
(3)complain that... 抱怨/投诉
(4)complaint n.投诉;不满
a complaint against sb. 投诉/控告某人
a letter of complaint 投诉信
9.call on sb.to do sth.正式邀请某人做某事; 请求某人做某事
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①We should call on the people to reduce water pollution.
②I’ll now call at the doctor and report to you in due course.
③I simply cannot call up where I have seen her.
④I will call for you tomorrow and we’ll go to the park together.
⑤It rained so much that they had to call off the soccer game.
【知识拓展】
(1)call upon/on 号召;要求;拜访
(2)call up 打电话给;召集;使想起;提出
(3)call at 拜访,访问;停靠(车站)
(4)call for 需要,要求;(去)接
(5)call off 取消
10.keep sth.in perspective 正确客观地看待
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①Try to see the issue from a different perspective.
②That’s the subtle distinction we need to try very hard to keep in mind.
【知识拓展】
(1)keep sth.in balance 保持平衡
(2)keep sth.in one’s mind 牢记某事
(3)keep sth.in good order 使某事物保持良好秩序
(4)from one’s perspective=from the perspective of sb. 从某人的观点看
11.It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life.
是一位名叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①It was at eight o’clock that the couple went back home yesterday evening.
②It was not until he took off his sunglasses that I recognized him.
③It was when he got back that he knew his house was broken into.
【知识拓展】
(1)强调句型的基本结构是:It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。如果被强调部分指物,用that;如果被强调部分指人,用who/that。
(2)强调句型的最大特点是:去掉It is/was 和that/who后,句子结构仍然完整、正确,句子意思仍然明确、全面。
12.As Coubertin believed, “With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend.”
正如顾拜旦所说:“有了奥林匹克运动会,每一代人都在庆祝它的到来,庆祝它给生活带来的喜悦,庆祝它对未来的信念,庆祝它的雄心壮志和它向上的意志。”
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①As everyone knows, the elephant is one of the largest animals on land.
②The number of fires,as is reported, has dropped in the past five years.
【知识拓展】
(1) As指代整个主句的内容,引导非限制性定语从句。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置很灵活,可放在句首、句中或句末;as在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
(2) 常见的as引导非限制性定语从句的结构:
As is expected... 正如所料……
As is known to all... 众所周知……
As the saying goes... 俗话说……
As is announced... 正如宣布的那样……
As is often the case... 情况常常如此……
As sb.puts it... 正如某人所说……
13.So, even if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the game, we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark.
所以,即使我们不知道球在比赛中的确切位置,我们也可以假设它在球场的某个地方。
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he taught me.
②He asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
③On his site, you can read poems and guess whether they are written by a human or a computer.
【知识拓展】
宾语从句:
可接宾语从句的动词有say,tell,think, know, see, hear, hope, guess, find, feel 等。宾语从句也可以是由形容词构成的系表结构,如:afraid、 sure、 glad、 sorry等。
引导词:
(1)that(从句是肯定句时,引导词用that,它本身无词义,不充当成分,在口语中可省略,但在正式场合不可省。)
(2)if或whether(一般疑问句改为宾语从句时用if 或whether,含义是“是否”。if、 whether 一般情况下可以互换,但在构成whether...or not 句式时只用whether。)
(3)连接代词、连接副词(特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时用)
连接代词(what、 which、 who、 whose)
连接副词(when、 where、 how 、why)
一．语法基础：过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态
一、语态
语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态的基本形式为“助动词be+done”,其中助动词be随着人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化,后面常用by引出动作的执行者。
下面以动词do为例,说明各种时态的被动语态。
一般现在时
am/is/are done
一般过去时
was/were done
现在进行时
am/is/are being done
过去进行时
was/were being done
现在完成时
has/have been done
过去完成时
had been done
一般将来时
will (is/are going to )be done
过去将来时
would (was/were going to)be done
The relay race had been finished when I arrived. 当我到达时接力赛已经结束了。
We couldn’t use the computer. It was being repaired.
我们不能使用那台电脑,它正在被维修。
This will be demonstrated in the lab experiment with mice.
在实验室用老鼠进行的实验将会证明这一点。
【基础演练】语法填空
①Your T-shirt is being washed (wash) in the washing machine now, so you can’t wear it.
②By the end of last month, more than fifty trees had been planted (plant) in my school.
③The book has been translated (translate) into many languages in the past two years.
④He said a new airport would/was going to be built (build) in his hometown soon.
⑤—Do you have any problems if you are offered (offer) the job?
—Well, I’m thinking of the working day.
二、过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态
1. 过去进行时的被动语态
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做,其构成形式为:was/were being done。
(应用文之学校生活)A lecture was being given by Professor Smith to us at this time yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午的这个时候史密斯教授正在给我们作报告。
(读后续写之环境描写)The farmer said the PLA men came to rescue timely when they were being trapped in the snowstorm.
这位农民说当他们在暴风雪中被困时,解放军战士及时赶来营救。
2. 过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。
(应用文之新闻报道)The media reported that more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。
Lisa had to have her car repaired in a garage because it had been damaged seriously.
丽莎的车损坏得很严重,她必须把车送到修车厂修理。
注：被动语态的用法
1. 不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he was being followed.
他匆匆赶回家,一次也没有回头看看是否有人跟踪他。
2. 强调或突出动作的承受者
We were told all the work had been finished by now.
我们被告知到现在为止所有的工作都已经完成了。
3. 动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
注意:动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时,不可以丢掉后面的介词或副词。
Bad habits have been done away with.
坏习惯已经改掉了。
【基础演练】语法填空
①The boy was reminded that his homework hadn’t been handed (not hand) in.
②(应用文之学校生活)The classroom had been cleaned (clean) before the teacher came in.
③A new bridge was being built (build) across the river then.
④A meeting was being held (hold) in the lecture hall from 2:00 to 4:00 yesterday afternoon.
⑤(应用文之学校生活)By the time he got to school, the first period had been finished (finish).
⑥I couldn’t use my smartphone because it was being repaired (repair) then.
⑦How many buildings had been destroyed (destroy) when the hurricane ended?
⑧(应用文之学校生活)An exam was being taken (take) by the students at this time yesterday morning.
⑨As the assignment had been done (do), he proceeded to search the Internet.
⑩The tickets had been sold (sell) out when we arrived.
二．写作基础：写一篇关于体育精神的文章
【素材积累】
1. 话题特点
体育精神体现了友谊、团结和公平竞争;毫无疑问,我们也应当积极投身体育运动、弘扬体育精神。有关体育精神的文章属于议论文,写作时要主题鲜明,言简意赅,同时可以结合事例加以论证。
2. 话题词汇
(1)体育活动
①final n. 决赛
②cheer vt. &vi. 欢呼,喝彩
③organize vt. 组织
④take part in/participate in 参加
⑤try out for 参加选拔
⑥sports activity 体育活动
⑦cheering squad 啦啦队
(2)意义和精神
⑧spirit n. 精神,灵魂
⑨teamwork n. 团队合作
⑩strengthen vt. 增强,加强
⑪pride n. 骄傲,自豪
⑫proud adj. 骄傲的,自豪的
⑬character training 品格培养
⑭take pride in/be proud of 以……为自豪
3. 话题句式
(1)段首句
①I hold the view that sportsmanship is more important than achievement.
我认为,体育精神比成绩更重要。
②From my point of view, sportsmanship matters more compared with achievement.
在我看来,与成绩相比,体育精神更重要。
(2)主体段落句
①I have joined the basketball team,where I not only learn the importance of teamwork but also strengthen my body,which is of great benefit to my mental health as well as physical health.
我加入篮球队,从中我不但懂得了团队合作的重要性,还增强了我的体质,这对我的身心健康大有益处。
②Sports and games are also very useful for character training.
体育运动还有利于品格的培养。
③The reason why I think basketball is an art as well as a sport is that it needs both strength and skill.
我认为篮球不仅是一项运动而且是一门艺术的原因是它既需要力量又需要技巧。
④Only through teamwork can a football team win the game.
一个足球队只有通过团队合作才能赢得比赛的胜利。
(3)段尾句
①Based on the above reasons, I think sportsmanship should be emphasized.
基于以上原因,我认为应该强调体育精神。
②All in all, we should keep in mind that the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair competition is the most important.
总之,我们应该牢记,友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神是最重要的。
【写作实践】
假定你们学校英语角正在组织一场辩论赛,辩题是:体育比赛应更注重成绩还是更注重精神?假设你是正方一辩手,请你根据以下提示用英语写一段立论阐述己方立场。
1. 阐明己方观点——体育精神更重要;
2. 举例证明己方观点;
3. 总结己方观点。
注意:词数80左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第一步：审题谋篇
第二步：词句升级
完成句子
1. 我们坚持体育精神比成绩更重要。
We insist sportsmanship is more important than achievement.
2. 快接近终点时,我班的李磊不小心伤了左脚。
Li Lei from my class hurt his left foot by mistake near the finish line.
3. 他不得不慢下来。
He had to slow down.
4. (一句多译)但是其他选手宁愿和他一起走到终点也不超过他。
(1) Other athletes would rather walk to the finish line with him than overtake him. (would rather. . . than. . . )
(2) Other athletes prefer walking to the finish line with him to overtaking him. (prefer. . . to. . . )
5. 成绩只是体育运动的一个方面,获胜不是一切。
Achievement is only one aspect of sports and thus winning isn’t everything.
6. 纪录会被打破,个人可以被超越。
Records can be broken and individuals can be surpassed.
7. 友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神将永远伴随着我们。
The spirit of friendship,solidarity and fair competition will live with us forever.
句式升级
8. 用so 合并句2和句3。
Li Lei from my class hurt his left foot by mistake near the finish line, so he had to slow down.
第三步：连句成篇
We insist sportsmanship is more important than achievement.
Let’s take the 800-meter race at my school’s sports meeting last month as an example. Li Lei from my class hurt his left foot by mistake near the finish line, so he had to slow down. However, other athletes would rather walk to the finish line with him than overtake him.
So we insist achievement is only one aspect of sports and thus winning isn’t everything. Records can be broken and individuals can be surpassed. The spirit of friendship,solidarity and fair competition will live with us forever.
Ⅰ.基础单词
看词找义
释义备选
1. ankle n. C
2. motto n. I
3. identical adj. J
4. boundary n. K
5. flame n. L
6. consistent adj. A
7. election n. B
8. session n. H
9. constitution n. D
10. opponent n. E
11. dignity n. F
12. cheek n. G
A. 一致的,始终如一的;连续的
B. 选举,推选;当选
C. 踝,踝关节
D. 体质,身体素质;宪法,章程
E. 对手,竞争者;反对者
F. 尊严;自尊;高贵
G. 面颊,脸颊
H. 一段时间,一场;会议,开庭;学年
I. 格言,座右铭
J. 完全同样的
K. 边界,分界线
L. 火焰,火舌
Ⅱ. 核心单词
1. afterwards adv. 以后,后来
2. proceed vi. 接着做,继而做;继续从事(或进行);行进,前往
3. demonstrate vt. 表现,表露;证实,证明;示范,演示vi. 游行示威
4. ambition n. 追求的目标,夙愿;野心,雄心,壮志
5. gradually adv. 逐渐地,逐步地
6. celebrity n. 名人;名望
7. unselfish adj. 无私的,忘我的
8. opposing adj. 对抗的;相反的
9. insurance n. 保险业;保险;保险费
10. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨,投诉
11. handle vt. 处理,应付;控制,操纵
n. 把手,拉手;柄
12. remark n. 谈论,言论
vi. & vt. 说起,评论
13. literally adv. 真正地,确实地;按字面,字面上
14. humanity n. (统称)人,人类;人性;人道,仁慈
Ⅲ. 拓展单词
1. participate vi. 参加,参与→ participation n. 参加,参与→ participant n. 参与者
2. compete vi. 参加比赛;竞争→ competition n. 竞争;比赛→ competitive adj. 竞争的;有竞争性的→ competitor n. 竞争者
3. cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的,残酷的→ cruelty n. 残忍;残酷→ cruelly adv. 残酷地;残忍地
4. diverse adj. 多种多样的;不同的→ diversity n. 多样性;多种多样
5. motivate vt. 激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因→ motivation n. 动机
6. applaud vt. & vi. 称赞,赞许;鼓掌→ applause n. 鼓掌
7. faith n. 信任;信心;信念;宗教信仰→ faithful adj. 忠实的;守信的→ faithfully adv. 忠实地
IV.核心短语
1. compete with/against sb. for sth.
和某人为某事竞争
2. applaud sb. for sth. 为某事称赞某人
3. be consistent with sth. 与……一致的
4. on trend 流行的
5. have an ambition to do sth. 有做某事的志向
6. up in the air 悬而未决
7. keep sth. in perspective正确客观地看待
8. complain about/of sth. 抱怨某事
9. throw sb. a curveball 给某人出难题
10. make a remark 发表评论
V.经典句式
1. 句型公式:“It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分” 结构
It was at eight o’clock that the worker finally arrived at the factory.
是在八点钟那位工人最终到达工厂。
2. 句型公式: “as引导非限制性定语从句” 句型
As we all know, China has developed rapidly in the past few years.
众所周知,中国近几年发展迅速。
3. 句型公式: whether. . . or引导让步状语从句
Whether you come first or last, it is important for you to be yourself.
无论你是第一名还是最后一名,对你来说做自己是重要的。
拓展运用
一、单项选择
1. It was his strong communication skills which ________ in the interview that finally won his position as the sales manager in this area.
A. had shown B. has shown C. has been shown D. had been shown
2. Do you know the traditional English meal, lunch generally being lighter, is based on ________, simply cooked food?
A. reliable B. plain C. identical D. considerable
3. When entering the room, I saw that the TV ________.
A. fixed B. had fixed C. was being fixed D. was fixing
4. George told Mary that he _______ what he was doing during the vacation.
A. was just asked B. had just been asked
C. has just been asked D. just asked
5. By the end of last month, some new teaching equipment ___ to our school to improve the teachers’ work.
A. has sent B. was sent C. had been sent D. would send
6. Kings, nobles and people of high________ wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves.
A. rank B. noble C. client D. representative
7. The manager encouraged his employees to have a second try before they ________ so that they would have no regret.
A. did the trick B. threw in the towel C. thought on their feet D. sharpened their skills
8. Don’t lose your faith. Be confident of yourself.
A. 骄傲 B. 信心 C. 勇敢 D. 激情
9. Nowadays students go to key universities just for a formal ________, which may help them hunt for a good job in the future.
A. election B. preparation C. graduation D. qualification
10. Thanks to their ________ effort, the iconic building was not pulled down.
A. political B. joint C. hazy D. rigid
11. She left early, ________ of a headache.
A. complained B. complaining C. to complain D. having complained
12. Our chemistry teacher ________ the experiment in the lab before we did the experiment by ourselves.
A. stimulated B. sponsored C. demonstrated D. attached
13. — Did you stay at the party until the very end last night?
— No, I left as early as was ________ with politeness.
A. content B. consistent
C. patient D. permanent
14. More and more people choose to withdraw from their busy life and seek a ________relationship with nature in the quietness of some faraway places.
A. harmonious B. crucial C. identical D. outstanding
15. Colors like green can ________ a sense of life and quietness to people.
A. acquire B. remark C. investigate D. convey
16. —Were you late for the film?
—Very late. Half of it ________ by the time we ________ the cinema.
A. was shown; reached B. had been shown; reached
C. was shown; had reached D. had been shown; had reached
17. —Where was Tom just now?
—It is said that he _________ for a crime he didn’t commit.
A. investigated B. is investigating C. had investigated D. was being investigated
18. After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it ________ so we had to go.
A. had been decorated B. has been decorated
C. was being decorated D. was decorated
19. Many passengers had to stay at the airport as quite a number of flights________ because of the snowstorm.
A. has been cancelled B. had been cancelled
C. was being cancelled D. had cancelled
20. Hearing ________ opinions can be painful—but not as painful as launching a policy that is not right for the followers or has no follower at all.
A. objected B. contrast C. opposing D. frustrating
21. My friend told me he was in ______ need of money because his mom was in hospital, waiting for the operation.
A. brief B. urgent C. remote D. cruel
22. He ________ to me about the food.
A. complained B. pretended C. regretted D. complaint
23. After a day’s work, I went to the restaurant near my company to have dinner, only to be told that it ________.
A. is decorated B. was decorated
C. is being decorated D. was being decorated
24. It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a ________ of 8.3.
A. detail B. magnitude C. honour D. marathon
25. —How do you know about the meeting?
—The chairperson made the ________ that it was a success.
A. remark B. meaning C. difference D. signal
26. A happy career, from my perspective, is one that ______ both your talents and interest.
A. acquires B. suits C. determines D. pours
27. Our city is becoming a modern one. More and more tall buildings ________ in the last five years.
A. have been built B. would be built C. had been built D. were built
28. New York is the fashion capital of the world, says a new study on Feb 4. 2014 by the Global Language Monitor (GLM), Pairs ____ second, with Shanghai ______10th while Hongkong 20th.
A. coming, ranks B. come, ranked C. comes, ranking D. coming, ranking
29. He can_________ infer that if the battery is dead then the horn will not sound.
A. literally B. loosely C. urgently D. logically
30. Most of the people who are visiting Britain _______ about the food and weather there.
A. always complained B. had always complained
C. are always complaining D. will always complain
二、根据句意填空
31. As she got older and older, her relatives all .(用die的相关短语完成句子)
32. It probably took her a minute, but to me she moved like a rocket! I pushed the lever further. Night came as if a lamp , and in another moment came the day. Tomorrow night came, then skipped to day, again and again, faster and faster still.
33. When we were finally rescued, we felt that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, and the care of our family and friends. Our Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.
34. Diamond necklaces and rings on a background of a black velvet.
35. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water with its exceptional beauty.
36. My is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Last year I a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me.
37. If we don’t take steps, the Tibetan antelopes and pandas will some day just as dinosaurs. (用die的相关短语完成句子)
38. are another form of suggestion, where the interest of is also involved.
39. The twins have attitudes towards life. Thus, one is living happily and the other is just the .
40. He sent a letter to the to complain about the noise.
41. Your is the sense that you have of your own importance and value, and other people’s respect for you.
42. Life offered few opportunities for young people with .
43. Now I’m thirsty and a glass of water; I have walked for a long journey. (用die的相关短语完成句子)
44. Don’t worry. The strong wind will soon and we can go out to have a baseball match as we planned. (用die的相关短语完成句子)
三、根据首字母填写单词
45. Encouraged by the teacher, they actively p in the English speech contest held last Sunday.
46. “Under the weather” is an i meaning “ill”.
47. Sichuan lies near the b of two tectonic plates, the Indian and Eurasian landmasses, making it a particularly quake-prone area.
48. As your old customer, we have f in the quality of your products.
49. I’d always played a defensive game, waiting for my o to make a mistake.
50. He knocked his o down three times in the first round.
51. I can see how much of my time had been o with checking my phone.
52. D what has been taught in time allows students to learn more efficiently.
53. He punched me with his f and got arrested.
54. As is known to all, running m requires a high level of physical fitness.
55. I have great f in you-I know you’ll do well.
56. There is a 1 to the amount of pain we can bear.
57. Supporters of space exploration believe it is beneficial, while o argue it is just a waste of time and money.
58. Moving the g is a metaphor.
59. I have no a other than to have a happy life and be free.
60. In America, presidential e are held every four years.
61. France has plenty of prehistoric sites, but Carnac is in a l of its own.
62. Tears of happiness p down his cheeks when the athlete won the championship.
63. The team’s o (the person who is playing against you) are unbeaten so far this season.
64. The twins are i to each other in appearance.
65. When he entered the hall, he saw all the people standing there, a .
66. Although Jerry is only an a , his performance is good enough to participate in professional competitions.
67. She has huge amounts of work to do every day, but she’s such a positive person that she never c about the workload.
68. They are adopting a c (always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.) approach to the problem.
69. What you say now is not c__________ with what you said last week.
70. The word should not be understood l , otherwise you can’t get the real meaning.
71. They are anxious to d to the voters that they have practical policies of containing the pandemic.
72. His a is to make people around the world enjoy the same right to live a quality life.
73. Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she p to cry stormily. (v. to go to a further or the next stage; go on)
74. We can build up the speed g and safely.
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Liu Genghong, 75 Taiwan-born singer, has taken the Internet by storm with his workout livestream on Douyin. Liu’s workout sessions have been so popular that they 76 (break) Douyin’s livestreaming record for 2022 so far. Within one month, Liu’s livestreams have been viewed nearly 100 million times, with his most popular session 77 (attract) over 44 million live views. Chinese musician Jay Chou’s songs often serve 78 Liu’s background music. One of his most-watched fitness 79 (routine) is set to “Herbalist Manual” (本草纲目) from Jay Chou’s Still Fantasy album. In his livestreams, Liu and his wife appear 80 (energy), friendly, happy and super fit. 81 Liu’s dance moves look simple, they are often too intense (剧烈) for his audience 82 (follow). Many netizens even joked that the 49-year-old was facing a popularity contest with Li Jiaqi, 83 is China’s “livestreaming king” known for his sales strategies. “Li Jiaqi empties our wallet, while Liu Genghong empties our body.” a netizen said 84 (joking).
参考答案
一、
1. D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：正是他在面试中展示出的强大的沟通技巧最终使他赢得了该领域销售经理的职位。分析句子结构，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词communication skills，show与communication skills之间是被动关系，空处应用被动语态，“展示沟通技巧”这一动作发生在“赢得职位”之前，won为过去式，使用了一般过去时，“展示”这一动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，所以空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D项。
2. B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你知道传统的英国餐，午餐一般比较清淡，以简单的食物为基础吗？A. reliable可信赖的；B. plain普通的，简单的；C. identical相同的；D. considerable相当大的。根据句意可知，此处指的是传统的英国餐是基于简单的食物，plain意为“普通的，简单的”符合句意。故选B项。
3. C
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：当我进入房间时，我看到电视正在被修理。分析句子可知，句子为“that”引导的宾语从句作“saw”的宾语，根据句中“When entering the room”和“saw”可知，从句中动作为过去某一时间正在发生的事，即当我进入房间时，看见电视正在被修理，故“that”引导的从句应用过去进行时，“TV”和“fix”为被动关系，故从句应用过去进行时的被动语态“was/were being done”，“TV”和“was”连用，“fix”的过去分词为“fixed”，故空格处应填“was being fixed”。故选C项。
4. B
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：乔治告诉玛丽，刚才有人问他假期要做什么。本题根据主句的时态told，可以判定全句表示的是过去发生的事情。此外根据从句的提示词just，可以判定需要用完成时，且he和ask之间存在被动关系。故选B项。
5. C
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：到上个月底，一些新的教学设备已送到我们学校，以改善教师的工作。根据“By the end of last month”可知，此处应用过去完成时，主语some new teaching equipment和send是被动关系，因此应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选C。
6. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：国王、贵族和地位高的人都想购买自己的精确画像。A. rank地位，等级；B. noble贵族；C. client客户；D. representative代表。根据句意可知，此处为名词rank“地位，等级”，满足句意要求。故选A项。
7. B
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：经理鼓励员工在认输前再试一次，这样他们就不会后悔了。A.did the trick奏效；达到预期效果；B.threw in the towel认输；C.thought on their feet反应迅速；D.sharpened their skills提高他们的技能。根据上下文语境可知，要不遗憾就要认输前再试试，故选B。
8. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要丧失信仰。要对自己感到自信。根据your可知，划线单词为名词，根据后文“你要对自己自信”可知，前文是鼓励对方不要失去信心，结合句意，faith应翻译为“信心”。故选B项。
9. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，学生上重点大学只是为了获得一个正式学历，这可能有助于他们在未来找到一份好工作。A. election选举；B. preparation准备；C. graduation毕业；D. qualification资格，学历。结合“Nowadays students go to key universities”可知，学生上大学是为了获得正式学历，故选D。
10. B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多亏他们的共同努力，这座标志性建筑没有被拆除。A. political政治的；B. joint共同的，联合的；C. hazy朦胧的，模糊的；D. rigid僵化的，死板的。结合语境可知，此处指“多亏他们的共同努力”，其他选项不符合题意。故选B项。
11. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她说自己头疼，很早就离开了。该句子的谓语动词是left，所以选项中的动词complain只能用非谓语形式，作状语；根据句意判断一定不是目的状语，所以排除C项；句子的主语she和动词complain之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词，排除A项；动词complain和谓语动词left之间没有明确的先后关系，没必要用现在分词的完成时，故排除D项。故选B项。
12. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们自己做实验之前，化学老师在实验室里演示了实验。A. stimulated 刺激；B. sponsored 赞助； C. demonstrated 演示；D. attached 附属。根据句意“在我们自己做实验之前”，可知化学老师“演示”了实验，故选C。
13. B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——昨晚你一直待到派对结束吗？——不，我提前离开，但不失礼节。A. content满足的，满意的；B. consistent一致的；C. patient耐心的；D. permanent永恒的，不变的。结合句意，“提前离开但不失礼节”可以理解为待在派对中的时间与礼节中的停留时间保持一致，be consistent with“与……保持一致”。故选B
14. A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人选择从繁忙的生活中退出，在一些遥远地方的宁静中寻求与大自然的和谐关系。A. harmonious和谐的；B. crucial关键的；C. identical相同的；D. outstanding杰出的。根据句意可知，人们远离繁忙的生活，去一些遥远的地方，应该是想寻求与大自然的和谐关系，“harmonious”意为“和谐的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语，符合语境。故选A项。
15. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：像绿色这样的颜色可以给人一种充满生机和安静的感觉。A. acquire获得；B. remark评论；C. investigate调查；D. convey传达。根据“a sense of life and quietness to people”可推知，这种给人的感觉是绿色一类的颜色传达给人们的，即convey。故选D。
16. B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——你们电影迟到了吗？——非常迟。我们到达电影院的时候已经放映了一半了。结合语境和连词by the time“到……时”可知，主句陈述过去之前发生的事情，用过去完成时，而电影又是被放映的，应用过去完成时的被动语态；从句陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故选B。
17. D
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：——Tom刚刚在哪？——据说他在因一项他没有犯下的罪行而接受调查。根据问句中“just now”可知，此处指过去某个时间正在发生的事情，用过去进行时，且主语he和动词investigate之间是被动关系，应用过去进行时的被动语态。故选D项。
18. C
【解析】考查过去进行时的被动语态。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，却被告知阅览室正在装修，所以我们不得不走。根据“so we had to go”可知，此处是指阅览室正在装修，所以应用过去进行时。动词decorate意为“装修”，和主语构成被动语态。故选C。
19. B
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：由于暴风雪，许多航班被取消，许多乘客不得不留在机场。cancel与quite a number of flights是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，且发生在had to stay at the airport 之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B。
20. C
【解析】考查形容词/动词词义辨析。句意：听到反对意见可能会很痛苦，但不会像推出一项不适合追随者或根本没有追随者的政策那样痛苦。A. objected不同意；B. contrast对比；C. opposing相反的，对立的；D. frustrating令人沮丧的。分析句子可知，“opinions”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，排除“A”和“B”，根据句意可知，听到反对意见可能会令人痛苦，“opposing”意为“相反的，对立的”，形容词词性，作定语，符合句意。故选C项。
21. B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友告诉我他急需用钱，因为他的妈妈在医院里等着做手术。A. brief简短的；B. urgent紧急的；C. remote遥远的；D. cruel残酷的。由下文“need of money because his mom was in hospital, waiting for the operation.”可知，此处表示急需用钱，应用urgent表示“紧急的”，故选B。
22. A
【解析】考查动词，名词词义辨析。句意：他向我抱怨食物。A. complained抱怨；B. pretended假装；C. regretted 后悔；D. complaint抱怨。分析句意可知，此处使用动词complain，构成动词搭配complain to sb. about sth.“向某人抱怨……”，complaint为名词，不可用于空格处作谓语动词。故选A项。
23. D
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：一天的工作结束后，我去公司附近的餐厅吃饭，却被告知餐厅正在装修。该空动词decorate在宾语从句中作谓语，根据句意，去餐厅吃饭，使用了only to be told表示意外的结果状语，应该是不能在那里用餐。因为是当时餐厅正在被装修。从句主语“restaurant”（即it）正在被装修；参考主句谓语动词“went”时态可知，该空从句谓语动词decorate应使用过去进行时的被动语态。故选D项。
24. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B. magnitude震级；C. honour荣誉；D. marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。故选B。
25. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意——你认为这次会议如何？——主席评论说这是一次成功的回忆。A. remark评论；B. meaning意思；C. difference差别；D. signal信号。根据 it was a success可知，句中指主席评论说会议是一次成功的会议，“make the remark”意为“（对……）作出评论”，故空格处应填“remark”。故选A项。
26. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，一份幸福的职业是一份既能培养你的才能又能培养你的兴趣的职业。A. acquires（通过努力）得到；B. suits适合；C. determines决定；D. pours倾倒。结合句意可知，此处是指一份幸福的职业能培养（让人获得）才能和兴趣，acquire符合题意。故选A。
27. A
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：我们的城市正在变成一个现代化的城市。在过去的五年里，建造了越来越多的高楼大厦。分析句子可知，空白处在句中为谓语，结合句中时间状语in the last five years可知，应用现在完成时；句子主语more and more tall buildings为复数含义，所以助动词用have；主语与动词build是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选A。
28. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由全球语言监测机构(GLM) 2014年2月4日发布一项新研究表明，纽约是世界的时尚之都，巴黎排名第二，上海排名第10，香港排名第20。分析句子结构可知，第一空是独立主格结构，come和Pairs是主动关系用现在分词形式，第二空with复合结构，rank与Shanghai是主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，故选D项。
29. D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他可以从逻辑上推断，如果电池没电了，喇叭就不会响了。A. literally字面地；B. loosely松地；C. urgently紧急地；D. logically从逻辑上，逻辑上地。根据后文“if the battery is dead then the horn will not sound”可知，此处指从逻辑上推断，故选D。
30. C
【解析】考查时态。句意：大多数来英国旅游的人总是抱怨那里的食物和天气。结合选项中的频度状语always可知，应用现在进行时，现在进行时和这类频度状语连用，表示对现阶段经常发生的动作的感情色彩。故选C。
二、
31. died off
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：随着她越来越老，她的亲戚都死了。根据句意和题目要求可知，此处应用动词短语die off(相继死去)，由语境和从句谓语动词got可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填died off。
32. was being turned out
【解析】考查短语、时态和语态。句意：她可能花了一分钟，但对我来说她像火箭一样移动！我把操纵杆推得更远。夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯熄灭了，又过了一会儿，白昼降临了。明晚来了，又跳到白天，一次又一次，越来越快。根据句意可知，此处使用动词短语turn out熄灭(电灯、煤气等)，lamp与turn out之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，根据语境可知，句子描述的是过去正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being turned out。
33. such relief and joy optimism and faith in
【解析】考查名词和固定搭配。句意：当我们最终获救时，我们感到如此的宽慰和喜悦，以至于我们中的许多人无法掩饰自己的眼泪。我们终于可以自由地回家了，有温暖的床，美味的食物，还有家人和朋友的照顾。我们对Shackleton的乐观和信心帮助我们坚持活下来了。由上文“When we were finally rescued,”可知，我们得救了所以感到宽慰和喜悦，“宽慰和喜悦”应用名词短语relief and joy，relief和joy都为不可数名词，由下文that可知，此处表示“如此……以至于”应用such+名词+that从句，所以应用such relief and joy。根据下文“Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive”可知，此处表示“对Shackleton的乐观和信任让我们活下来了”，所以“乐观和信任”用名词短语optimism and faith，且此处optimism和faith均为不可数名词，“对某人有……”用介词in，所以“对……的乐观和信任”用optimism and faith in。故填①such②relief③and④joy⑤optimism⑥and⑦faith⑧in。
34. had been beautifully arranged
【解析】考查时态语态和副词。句意：钻石项链和戒指被漂亮地排列在黑色天鹅绒的背景上。arrange (排列)表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，主语Diamond necklaces and rings和谓语动词arrange是被动关系，过去完成时的被动语态，副词beautifully (漂亮地)作状语，修饰动词arrange。故填had been beautifully arranged。
35. literally took their breath away
【解析】考查时态和固定搭配。句意：火车到站后，他们乘出租车来到路易斯湖，那里的蓝色湖水真的让人叹为观止。根据句意可知，此处表示“真的令他们叹为观止”，“令某人叹为观止”应用固定搭配take one’s breath away，“真地”用副词literally修饰动词短语，句子描述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，且主语是they，应填literally took their breath away，故填literally took their breath away。
36. ambition invented
【解析】考查名词和动词。句意：我的志向是长大后为一家开发计算机软件的公司工作。去年我发明了一款电脑足球游戏，一家大公司决定从我这里买下它。由下文“is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.”可知，此处表示“志向”为名词ambition，作主语，由is可知，应用单数；第二空由下文“a computer football game ”可知，此处表示发明一款电脑足球游戏，应用动词invent表示“发明”，由last year可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填ambition；invented。
37. die out
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：如果我们不采取措施，藏羚羊和熊猫总有一天会像恐龙一样灭绝。根据句中“just as dinosaurs”可知，此处指“藏羚羊和熊猫总有一天会像恐龙一样灭绝”，故应用短语die out，意为“灭绝”。由空格前的will可知，此处应用动词原形。故填die out。
38. Complaints complainant
【解析】考查名词。句意：投诉是另一种形式的建议，也涉及投诉者的利益。分析句子可知，第一空应填complaint,表“抱怨”，且由are可知这里应用复数形式；第二空 the interest of complainant表“投诉者的利益”，名词作宾语，所以应填 complainant表“投诉者”。故填Complaints；complainant
39. opposing opposite
【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：这对双胞胎对生活持相反的态度。 因此，一个快乐地生活，而另一个则相反。根据后文的“一个……样，另一个……样”可推断，即使这是对双胞胎，但是他们在生活态度上是不同的，所以第1空和第2空都用表达“相反”意义的词符合上下文语境并前后相照应。第1空修饰其后的名词attitudes，用形容词opposing作定语；第2空被定冠词the限定，表达相反的情况，用名词opposite作表语。故填opposing和opposite。
40. council
【解析】考查名词。句意：他给市政委员会写了一封信，抱怨噪音太大。根据句意和空格前的介词to以及句子的“complain about the noise”可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作介词to的宾语，且意义为“政务委员会”，所以应该用名词council。故填council。
41. dignity
【解析】考查名词。句意：你的尊严是你对自己的重要性和价值的感觉，以及别人对你的尊重。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词dignity作主语，意为“尊严”。故填dignity。
42. ambition
【解析】考查名词。句意：生活给予雄心勃勃的年轻人的机会很少。根据“young people”可知，生活给予雄心勃勃的年轻人很少的机会。空处需要名词ambition“雄心”作宾语，和with构成介词短语在句中作状语。故填ambition。
43. dying for
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：现在我渴得要命，好想喝杯水；我走了一段很长的路。根据句意和题目要求可知，此处应用动词短语die for(渴望)，由语境可知，此处时态为现在进行时，动词用现在分词形式，故填dying for。
44. die down/away
【解析】考查短语。句意：别担心。强风很快就会减弱，我们可以按计划举行棒球赛。根据句意及提示可知，短语die down/away表示“减弱”，符合句意，位于will后用动词原形。故填die down/away。
三、
45. participated/articipated
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在老师的鼓励下，他们积极参加了上周日举行的英语演讲比赛。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处需用动词participate“参加”作谓语，根据时间状语last Sunday可知，该句用一般过去时。故填participated。
46. idiom/diom
【解析】句意：“身体欠佳”是一个习语，意思是“病了”。idiom表示“习语、成语”，故填idiom。
47. boundary/oundary
【解析】考查名词。句意：四川位于印度和欧亚大陆这两个板块的边界附近，是一个特别容易发生地震的地区。结合句意及首字母提示可知，名词boundary“边界”符合题意，the boundary of“……的边界”。故填boundary。
48. faith/aith
【解析】考查名词。句意：作为你们的老客户，我们对你们产品的质量很有信心。根据句意和首字母提示，用名词faith作宾语，构成短语have faith in，意为“对……有信心”。故填faith。
49. opponent/pponent
【解析】考查名词。句意：我总是打防守战，等着对手出错。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用名词opponent，作宾语。故填opponent。
50. opponent/pponent
【解析】考查名词。句意：在第一轮比赛中，他把对手击倒了三次。该空需要一个名词作宾语；由in the first round(第一轮，第一回合)可知是在比赛，动词短语knock down 意为“打到，击败”，结合首字母o，名词opponent(对手)符合语境，此处表示一个对手为单数。故填opponent。
51. occupied/ccupied
【解析】考查动词。句意：我可以看到我有多少时间被占用在查看我的手机。根据单词首字母以及句意“占用”可知应填动词occupy，与主语构成被动关系，结合上文 had been可知为过去完成时的被动语态。故填occupied。
52. Demonstrating/emonstrating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：及时演示所教内容可以让学生更有效地学习。根据句意以及首字母提示，空处应用动词demonstrate，表示“演示”，使用动名词形式置于句首，作句子主语，首字母大写。故填Demonstrating。
53. fist/ist
【解析】考查名词。句意：他用拳头打了我，然后被捕了。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词fist“拳头”，作宾语。故填fist。
54. marathon
【解析】考查名词。句意：众所周知，跑马拉松需要高水平的身体素质。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作动名词running的宾语；根据句意及首字母，要求高水平的身体素质的跑步项目马拉松marathon符合题意。故填marathon。
55. faith/aith
【解析】考查名词。句意：我对你很有信心——我知道你会做得很好。空格位于形容词great之后可知，此处填名词作宾语，根据句意和首字母提示可知，faith意为“信任，信心，信念”，have faith in为固定短语，意为“相信”。故填faith。
56. limit/imit
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们能忍受的痛苦有一个极限。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词limit，作主语，由不定冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填limit。
57. opponents/pponents
【解析】考查名词。句意：太空探索的支持者认为这是有益的，而反对者则认为这只是浪费时间和金钱。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词opponent“反对者”，句子陈述客观事实，使用了一般现在时，空后动词argue是原形，主语是复数形式。故填opponents。
58. goalposts/oalposts
【解析】考查名词。句意：“Moving the goalposts”是一个隐喻。根据句意及首字母提示，结合固定短语move the goalposts表示“改变规则，改变目标”，空处应为goalposts，故填goalposts。
59. ambition/mbition
【解析】考查名词。句意：除了过上幸福的生活和自由，我没有别的志向。根据单词首字母和句意“志向”及前文have no可知，此处应用名词ambition作宾语，此处为不可数名词。故填ambition。
60. elections/lections
【解析】考查名词。句意：在美国，总统选举每四年举行一次。根据单词首字母和句意“选举”和后文are可知，此处应用可数名词election的复数形式作主语。故填elections。
61. league/eague
【解析】考查名词。句意：法国有很多史前遗址，但卡纳克是独一无二的。根据句意和所给首字母l以及空格前的不定冠词a分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母l开头的可数名词单数形式作介词in的宾语，且意义为“等级，级别”，所以应该用名词league，构成短语in a league of its own(独树一帜)。故填league。
62. poured/oured
【解析】考查动词。句意：当运动员获得冠军时，幸福的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下来。pour down 倾泻，根据后文won可知为一般过去时。故填poured。
63. opponents/pponents
【解析】考查名词。句意：这个赛季到目前为止，这个队的对手一直保持不败。根据首字母o和“the person who is playing against you(和你比赛的人)”可知，此处应用名词opponent表示“对手”作主语。根据系动词are可知，主语为复数形式。故填opponents。
64. identical/dentical
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这对双胞胎外貌一模一样。根据单词首字母可知应填形容词identical，作表语。故填identical。
65. applauding/pplauding
【解析】考查动词。句意：当他走进大厅时，他看到所有的人都站在那里鼓掌。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词applaud，与people是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填applauding。
66. amateur/mateur
【解析】考查名词。句意：虽然杰里只是个业余爱好者，但他的表现足以参加职业比赛。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，在句中作表语，根据单词首字母和句意“业余爱好者”可知，空格处涉及单词“amateur”，意为“业余爱好者”，为可数名词，根据空格前不定冠词“an”可知，应用“amateur”的单数形式。故填amateur。
67. complains/omplains
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她每天都有大量的工作要做，但她是一个非常积极的人，她从不抱怨工作量。根据句意“抱怨”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词complain，结合“never”可知，使用一般现在时，主语为she，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填complains。
68. consistent/onsistent
【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们对这个问题采取一致的方法。根据单词首字母及英文提示always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.“总是以相同的方式行事，或有相同的意见、标准等”及空后的名词approach可知应填形容词形式consistent (一致的)，作定语。故填consistent。
69. consistent/onsistent
【解析】考查形容词。句意：你现在说的和你上周说的不一致。 is是系动词，接形容词作表语，根据句意和首字母提示应填consistent“一致的”作表语，故填consistent。
70. literally/iterally
【解析】考查副词。句意：这个词不应该按字面理解，否则你就无法理解它的真正含义。根据单词首字母和句意“按字面”可知，此处应用副词literally修饰动词。故填literally。
71. demonstrate/emonstrate
【解析】考查动词。句意：他们急于向选民表明，他们有遏制这一流行病的实际政策。结合句子结构和首字母提示可知，动词demonstrate“表明”复合题意，根据be anxious to do sth.“急于做某事”可知此处to后应用动词原形。故填demonstrate。
72. ambition/mbition
【解析】考查名词。句意：他的志向是让全世界的人都享有同样的权利，过上有质量的生活。根据句意和首字母提示，应使用名词ambition作主语，意为“追求的目标；志向”，结合系动词is可知，主语是单数名词。故填ambition。
73. proceeded/roceeded
【解析】考查动词和时态。句意：她在桌旁的一把椅子上坐下来，把两只胳膊搭在椅子上，把脸埋在椅子里，放声大哭起来。分析句子可知，横线处应填入动词作谓语。根据首字母和括号里的提示，可以填动词proceed。根据句意可知，此处表示“过去某个的时间发生的动作”，应用一般过去时，故填proceeded。
74. gradually/radually
【解析】考查副词。句意：我们可以逐步安全地提高速度。根据空格后的“and safely”可知，空格处应用副词形式。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处指“逐步地提高速度”，gradually“逐渐地；逐步地”符合句意，故填gradually。
四、
75. a 76. have broken 77. attracting 78. as 79. routines 80. energetic 81. Although/Though 82. to follow 83. who 84. jokingly
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了台湾歌手刘耕宏在抖音上健身直播，在网上掀起了轩然大波。
75. 考查冠词。句意：刘耕宏，一位台湾出生的歌手，在网上掀起了轩然大波，他在抖音上的健身直播。可数名词singer在句中指“一位台湾出生的歌手”，表泛指，应用不定冠词限定，又因Taiwan发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
76. 考查动词时态。句意：刘的健身活动非常受欢迎，到目前为止，已经打破了抖音2022年的直播记录。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词，根据句中“so far”判断，此处应用现在完成时态，主语they是复数人称代词，助动词用have。故填have broken。
77. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个月内，刘的直播流已经被观看了近一亿次，其中他最受欢迎的环节吸引了超过4400万的现场观看。“with his most popular session (attract) over 44 million live views”是with复合结构，提示词attract作宾语补足语，用非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语his most popular session之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填attracting。
78. 考查介词。句意：中国音乐家周的歌曲经常作为刘的背景音乐。serve as是固定短语，意为“充当，作为”。故填as。
79. 考查名词的数。句意：他最受关注的健身节目之一是周的《依然范特西》专辑中的《本草纲目》。“one of+名词复数”为固定短语，意为“……之一”。故填routines。
80. 考查形容词。句意：在直播中，刘和他的妻子显得精力充沛、友好、快乐、身体健康。根据空格后并列的形容词friendly、happy和super fit可知，空格处也应填入形容词，作表语。energy的形容词为energetic，意为“精力充沛的”。故填energetic。
81. 考查连词。句意：虽然刘的舞步看起来很简单，但往往过于激烈，观众无法跟上。根据句意可知，上下文有转折关系，应用although或though引导让步状语从句；另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although或Though。
82. 考查固定句型和非谓语动词。句意：虽然刘的舞步看起来很简单，但往往过于激烈，观众无法跟上。too...to...为固定句型，意为“太……而不能……”，不定式作结果状语。故填to follow。
83. 考查定语从句。句意：许多网友甚至开玩笑说，这位49岁的年轻人正面临着与以销售策略闻名的中国“直播之王”李佳奇的人气竞争。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Li Jiaqi，指人，先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
84. 考查副词。句意：“李掏空了我们的钱包，刘掏空了我们的身体。”一位网友开玩笑说。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词修饰动词said，joking的副词形式为jokingly，意为“打趣地”。故填jokingly。
Unit 2 Sports culture
Welcome Unit
话题
体育文化/体育精神
词汇
ankle, motto, identical, boundary, flame, consistent, election, session, constitution, opponent, dignity, cheek
短语
compete with/against sb. for sth./ applaud sb. for sth./be consistent with sth./on trend/have an ambition to do sth./up in the ai/ keep sth. in perspective/ complain about/of sth./throw sb. a curveball/make a remark
句型
1. “It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分” 结构
2. “as引导非限制性定语从句” 句型
3. whether. . . or引导让步状语从句
语法
过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态
写作
写一篇关于体育精神的文章
1.motivate vt.激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①All what he did is about motivating people to learn(learn).
②Creativity is the most important quality to keep students interested and motivated (motivate).
③Motivated (motivate) by what the headmaster said, many students have devoted themselves to their studies.
【知识拓展】
(1)motivate sb.to do sth. 激励/激发某人做某事
(2)be motivated by 受……激励/激发;出于……原因
(3)motivation n.动力,积极性
the motivation for sth. 做某事的动力
2.participate vi.参加,参与
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)But the hearts of those who participated (participate) in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
②You may well participate with us in our gains.
③Every year about 40,000 people participate in the festival.
【知识拓展】
(1)participate in 参加,参与
(2)participate with sb. 和某人一起参加
(3)participant n.参与者
(4)participation n.参加,参与
3.proceed vi.接着做,继而做;继续从事(或进行);行进,前往
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①The young hero took off his coat and proceeded to undo his boots.
②We’re not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale.
③Do you really want to proceed against your opponent?
④Wrong opinions often proceed from lack of information.
【知识拓展】
(1)proceed with 继续进行
(2)proceed to do sth. 继续做某事
(3)proceed against sb. 起诉(某人),对(某人)提起诉讼
(4)proceed from sth. 由……引起;起因于;是……的结果
4.limit n. 限制;极限;界限vt.限制
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①To save the expense, the number of daily guests is limited to less than 100.
②Many people in China have limited(limit)exposure to English.
③With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
【知识拓展】
(1)limit ...to ... 把……限制在……内
be limited to ... 受限制于……
(2)beyond the limit 超过限度
set a limit to 限制……
(3)limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限制的
5.applaud vt.& vi.称赞,赞许;鼓掌
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①His efforts to improve the situation are to be applauded(applaud).
②I applaud her for having the courage to refuse.
③He started to applaud(applaud)and the others joined in.
【知识拓展】
(1)applaud sb. 赞扬某人; 赞美某人
applaud sb.for sth. 因某事为某人鼓掌
(2)applause n. 喝彩;鼓掌
give sb.applause for 因……而赞扬某人
win/get/draw applause 博得喝彩
6.opposing adj.对抗的;相反的
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①They oppose solving (solve) the problem by force.
②All the people present are opposed (oppose) to tearing down the old house.
③I opposed my son’s going (go) to the island on his own.
【知识拓展】
(1)the opposing side 对方
(2)the opposing view 截然不同的观点
(3)be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
(4)opposition n.(强烈的)反对,反抗,对抗
in opposition to 强烈反对;对比
7.compete vi.参加比赛;竞争
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①Young children will usually compete for their mother’s attention.
②Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
③Each year they compete in a prominent statewide bicycle race.
【知识拓展】
(1)compete with/against 与……竞争
(2)compete for 角逐,竞争;为……比赛
(3)compete in 参加……比赛(竞赛)
(4)compete to do sth. 竞争做某事
(5)competition n.竞争,比赛
in competition with 与……竞争
(6)competitor n.竞争者;参赛者;对手
(7)competitive adj.竞争的;有竞争力的
8.complain vi.&vt.抱怨,埋怨;投诉
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①Nowadays many workers often complain about/ of how hard their jobs are.
②The girl is writing to make a complaint (complain) against the quality of the goods.
③The young man left early, complaining (complain)of a headache.
【知识拓展】
(1)complain to sb.about/of sth.向某人抱怨某事
(2)complain of 诉说(病情或痛苦)
(3)complain that... 抱怨/投诉
(4)complaint n.投诉;不满
a complaint against sb. 投诉/控告某人
a letter of complaint 投诉信
9.call on sb.to do sth.正式邀请某人做某事; 请求某人做某事
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①We should call on the people to reduce water pollution.
②I’ll now call at the doctor and report to you in due course.
③I simply cannot call up where I have seen her.
④I will call for you tomorrow and we’ll go to the park together.
⑤It rained so much that they had to call off the soccer game.
【知识拓展】
(1)call upon/on 号召;要求;拜访
(2)call up 打电话给;召集;使想起;提出
(3)call at 拜访,访问;停靠(车站)
(4)call for 需要,要求;(去)接
(5)call off 取消
10.keep sth.in perspective 正确客观地看待
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①Try to see the issue from a different perspective.
②That’s the subtle distinction we need to try very hard to keep in mind.
【知识拓展】
(1)keep sth.in balance 保持平衡
(2)keep sth.in one’s mind 牢记某事
(3)keep sth.in good order 使某事物保持良好秩序
(4)from one’s perspective=from the perspective of sb. 从某人的观点看
11.It was a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin, who brought the Olympics back to life.
是一位名叫皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦的法国人使奥运会重现生机。
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①It was at eight o’clock that the couple went back home yesterday evening.
②It was not until he took off his sunglasses that I recognized him.
③It was when he got back that he knew his house was broken into.
【知识拓展】
(1)强调句型的基本结构是:It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。如果被强调部分指物,用that;如果被强调部分指人,用who/that。
(2)强调句型的最大特点是:去掉It is/was 和that/who后,句子结构仍然完整、正确,句子意思仍然明确、全面。
12.As Coubertin believed, “With the Olympic Games, each generation celebrates its advent, its joy of living, its faith in the future, its ambition and its will to ascend.”
正如顾拜旦所说:“有了奥林匹克运动会,每一代人都在庆祝它的到来,庆祝它给生活带来的喜悦,庆祝它对未来的信念,庆祝它的雄心壮志和它向上的意志。”
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①As everyone knows, the elephant is one of the largest animals on land.
②The number of fires,as is reported, has dropped in the past five years.
【知识拓展】
(1) As指代整个主句的内容,引导非限制性定语从句。as引导的非限制性定语从句位置很灵活,可放在句首、句中或句末;as在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
(2) 常见的as引导非限制性定语从句的结构:
As is expected... 正如所料……
As is known to all... 众所周知……
As the saying goes... 俗话说……
As is announced... 正如宣布的那样……
As is often the case... 情况常常如此……
As sb.puts it... 正如某人所说……
13.So, even if we do not know exactly where the ball is during the game, we can assume that it is somewhere in the ballpark.
所以,即使我们不知道球在比赛中的确切位置,我们也可以假设它在球场的某个地方。
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he taught me.
②He asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
③On his site, you can read poems and guess whether they are written by a human or a computer.
【知识拓展】
宾语从句:
可接宾语从句的动词有say,tell,think, know, see, hear, hope, guess, find, feel 等。宾语从句也可以是由形容词构成的系表结构,如:afraid、 sure、 glad、 sorry等。
引导词:
(1)that(从句是肯定句时,引导词用that,它本身无词义,不充当成分,在口语中可省略,但在正式场合不可省。)
(2)if或whether(一般疑问句改为宾语从句时用if 或whether,含义是“是否”。if、 whether 一般情况下可以互换,但在构成whether...or not 句式时只用whether。)
(3)连接代词、连接副词(特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时用)
连接代词(what、 which、 who、 whose)
连接副词(when、 where、 how 、why)
一．语法基础：过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态
一、语态
语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态的基本形式为“助动词be+done”,其中助动词be随着人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化,后面常用by引出动作的执行者。
下面以动词do为例,说明各种时态的被动语态。
一般现在时
am/is/are done
一般过去时
was/were done
现在进行时
am/is/are being done
过去进行时
was/were being done
现在完成时
has/have been done
过去完成时
had been done
一般将来时
will (is/are going to )be done
过去将来时
would (was/were going to)be done
The relay race had been finished when I arrived. 当我到达时接力赛已经结束了。
We couldn’t use the computer. It was being repaired.
我们不能使用那台电脑,它正在被维修。
This will be demonstrated in the lab experiment with mice.
在实验室用老鼠进行的实验将会证明这一点。
【基础演练】语法填空
①Your T-shirt is being washed (wash) in the washing machine now, so you can’t wear it.
②By the end of last month, more than fifty trees had been planted (plant) in my school.
③The book has been translated (translate) into many languages in the past two years.
④He said a new airport would/was going to be built (build) in his hometown soon.
⑤—Do you have any problems if you are offered (offer) the job?
—Well, I’m thinking of the working day.
二、过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态
1. 过去进行时的被动语态
过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做,其构成形式为:was/were being done。
(应用文之学校生活)A lecture was being given by Professor Smith to us at this time yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午的这个时候史密斯教授正在给我们作报告。
(读后续写之环境描写)The farmer said the PLA men came to rescue timely when they were being trapped in the snowstorm.
这位农民说当他们在暴风雪中被困时,解放军战士及时赶来营救。
2. 过去完成时的被动语态
过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。
(应用文之新闻报道)The media reported that more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。
Lisa had to have her car repaired in a garage because it had been damaged seriously.
丽莎的车损坏得很严重,她必须把车送到修车厂修理。
注：被动语态的用法
1. 不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he was being followed.
他匆匆赶回家,一次也没有回头看看是否有人跟踪他。
2. 强调或突出动作的承受者
We were told all the work had been finished by now.
我们被告知到现在为止所有的工作都已经完成了。
3. 动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
注意:动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时,不可以丢掉后面的介词或副词。
Bad habits have been done away with.
坏习惯已经改掉了。
【基础演练】语法填空
①The boy was reminded that his homework hadn’t been handed (not hand) in.
②(应用文之学校生活)The classroom had been cleaned (clean) before the teacher came in.
③A new bridge was being built (build) across the river then.
④A meeting was being held (hold) in the lecture hall from 2:00 to 4:00 yesterday afternoon.
⑤(应用文之学校生活)By the time he got to school, the first period had been finished (finish).
⑥I couldn’t use my smartphone because it was being repaired (repair) then.
⑦How many buildings had been destroyed (destroy) when the hurricane ended?
⑧(应用文之学校生活)An exam was being taken (take) by the students at this time yesterday morning.
⑨As the assignment had been done (do), he proceeded to search the Internet.
⑩The tickets had been sold (sell) out when we arrived.
二．写作基础：写一篇关于体育精神的文章
【素材积累】
1. 话题特点
体育精神体现了友谊、团结和公平竞争;毫无疑问,我们也应当积极投身体育运动、弘扬体育精神。有关体育精神的文章属于议论文,写作时要主题鲜明,言简意赅,同时可以结合事例加以论证。
2. 话题词汇
(1)体育活动
①final n. 决赛
②cheer vt. &vi. 欢呼,喝彩
③organize vt. 组织
④take part in/participate in 参加
⑤try out for 参加选拔
⑥sports activity 体育活动
⑦cheering squad 啦啦队
(2)意义和精神
⑧spirit n. 精神,灵魂
⑨teamwork n. 团队合作
⑩strengthen vt. 增强,加强
⑪pride n. 骄傲,自豪
⑫proud adj. 骄傲的,自豪的
⑬character training 品格培养
⑭take pride in/be proud of 以……为自豪
3. 话题句式
(1)段首句
①I hold the view that sportsmanship is more important than achievement.
我认为,体育精神比成绩更重要。
②From my point of view, sportsmanship matters more compared with achievement.
在我看来,与成绩相比,体育精神更重要。
(2)主体段落句
①I have joined the basketball team,where I not only learn the importance of teamwork but also strengthen my body,which is of great benefit to my mental health as well as physical health.
我加入篮球队,从中我不但懂得了团队合作的重要性,还增强了我的体质,这对我的身心健康大有益处。
②Sports and games are also very useful for character training.
体育运动还有利于品格的培养。
③The reason why I think basketball is an art as well as a sport is that it needs both strength and skill.
我认为篮球不仅是一项运动而且是一门艺术的原因是它既需要力量又需要技巧。
④Only through teamwork can a football team win the game.
一个足球队只有通过团队合作才能赢得比赛的胜利。
(3)段尾句
①Based on the above reasons, I think sportsmanship should be emphasized.
基于以上原因,我认为应该强调体育精神。
②All in all, we should keep in mind that the spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair competition is the most important.
总之,我们应该牢记,友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神是最重要的。
【写作实践】
假定你们学校英语角正在组织一场辩论赛,辩题是:体育比赛应更注重成绩还是更注重精神?假设你是正方一辩手,请你根据以下提示用英语写一段立论阐述己方立场。
1. 阐明己方观点——体育精神更重要;
2. 举例证明己方观点;
3. 总结己方观点。
注意:词数80左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第一步：审题谋篇
第二步：词句升级
完成句子
1. 我们坚持体育精神比成绩更重要。
We insist sportsmanship is more important than achievement.
2. 快接近终点时,我班的李磊不小心伤了左脚。
Li Lei from my class hurt his left foot by mistake near the finish line.
3. 他不得不慢下来。
He had to slow down.
4. (一句多译)但是其他选手宁愿和他一起走到终点也不超过他。
(1) Other athletes would rather walk to the finish line with him than overtake him. (would rather. . . than. . . )
(2) Other athletes prefer walking to the finish line with him to overtaking him. (prefer. . . to. . . )
5. 成绩只是体育运动的一个方面,获胜不是一切。
Achievement is only one aspect of sports and thus winning isn’t everything.
6. 纪录会被打破,个人可以被超越。
Records can be broken and individuals can be surpassed.
7. 友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神将永远伴随着我们。
The spirit of friendship,solidarity and fair competition will live with us forever.
句式升级
8. 用so 合并句2和句3。
Li Lei from my class hurt his left foot by mistake near the finish line, so he had to slow down.
第三步：连句成篇
We insist sportsmanship is more important than achievement.
Let’s take the 800-meter race at my school’s sports meeting last month as an example. Li Lei from my class hurt his left foot by mistake near the finish line, so he had to slow down. However, other athletes would rather walk to the finish line with him than overtake him.
So we insist achievement is only one aspect of sports and thus winning isn’t everything. Records can be broken and individuals can be surpassed. The spirit of friendship,solidarity and fair competition will live with us forever.
Ⅰ.基础单词
看词找义
释义备选
1. ankle n. C
2. motto n. I
3. identical adj. J
4. boundary n. K
5. flame n. L
6. consistent adj. A
7. election n. B
8. session n. H
9. constitution n. D
10. opponent n. E
11. dignity n. F
12. cheek n. G
A. 一致的,始终如一的;连续的
B. 选举,推选;当选
C. 踝,踝关节
D. 体质,身体素质;宪法,章程
E. 对手,竞争者;反对者
F. 尊严;自尊;高贵
G. 面颊,脸颊
H. 一段时间,一场;会议,开庭;学年
I. 格言,座右铭
J. 完全同样的
K. 边界,分界线
L. 火焰,火舌
Ⅱ. 核心单词
1. afterwards adv. 以后,后来
2. proceed vi. 接着做,继而做;继续从事(或进行);行进,前往
3. demonstrate vt. 表现,表露;证实,证明;示范,演示vi. 游行示威
4. ambition n. 追求的目标,夙愿;野心,雄心,壮志
5. gradually adv. 逐渐地,逐步地
6. celebrity n. 名人;名望
7. unselfish adj. 无私的,忘我的
8. opposing adj. 对抗的;相反的
9. insurance n. 保险业;保险;保险费
10. complain vi. & vt. 抱怨,投诉
11. handle vt. 处理,应付;控制,操纵
n. 把手,拉手;柄
12. remark n. 谈论,言论
vi. & vt. 说起,评论
13. literally adv. 真正地,确实地;按字面,字面上
14. humanity n. (统称)人,人类;人性;人道,仁慈
Ⅲ. 拓展单词
1. participate vi. 参加,参与→ participation n. 参加,参与→ participant n. 参与者
2. compete vi. 参加比赛;竞争→ competition n. 竞争;比赛→ competitive adj. 竞争的;有竞争性的→ competitor n. 竞争者
3. cruel adj. 刻毒伤人的,残酷的→ cruelty n. 残忍;残酷→ cruelly adv. 残酷地;残忍地
4. diverse adj. 多种多样的;不同的→ diversity n. 多样性;多种多样
5. motivate vt. 激励,激发;成为……的动机,是……的原因→ motivation n. 动机
6. applaud vt. & vi. 称赞,赞许;鼓掌→ applause n. 鼓掌
7. faith n. 信任;信心;信念;宗教信仰→ faithful adj. 忠实的;守信的→ faithfully adv. 忠实地
IV.核心短语
1. compete with/against sb. for sth.
和某人为某事竞争
2. applaud sb. for sth. 为某事称赞某人
3. be consistent with sth. 与……一致的
4. on trend 流行的
5. have an ambition to do sth. 有做某事的志向
6. up in the air 悬而未决
7. keep sth. in perspective正确客观地看待
8. complain about/of sth. 抱怨某事
9. throw sb. a curveball 给某人出难题
10. make a remark 发表评论
V.经典句式
1. 句型公式:“It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分” 结构
It was at eight o’clock that the worker finally arrived at the factory.
是在八点钟那位工人最终到达工厂。
2. 句型公式: “as引导非限制性定语从句” 句型
As we all know, China has developed rapidly in the past few years.
众所周知,中国近几年发展迅速。
3. 句型公式: whether. . . or引导让步状语从句
Whether you come first or last, it is important for you to be yourself.
无论你是第一名还是最后一名,对你来说做自己是重要的。
拓展运用
一、单项选择
1. It was his strong communication skills which ________ in the interview that finally won his position as the sales manager in this area.
A. had shown B. has shown C. has been shown D. had been shown
2. Do you know the traditional English meal, lunch generally being lighter, is based on ________, simply cooked food?
A. reliable B. plain C. identical D. considerable
3. When entering the room, I saw that the TV ________.
A. fixed B. had fixed C. was being fixed D. was fixing
4. George told Mary that he _______ what he was doing during the vacation.
A. was just asked B. had just been asked
C. has just been asked D. just asked
5. By the end of last month, some new teaching equipment ___ to our school to improve the teachers’ work.
A. has sent B. was sent C. had been sent D. would send
6. Kings, nobles and people of high________ wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves.
A. rank B. noble C. client D. representative
7. The manager encouraged his employees to have a second try before they ________ so that they would have no regret.
A. did the trick B. threw in the towel C. thought on their feet D. sharpened their skills
8. Don’t lose your faith. Be confident of yourself.
A. 骄傲 B. 信心 C. 勇敢 D. 激情
9. Nowadays students go to key universities just for a formal ________, which may help them hunt for a good job in the future.
A. election B. preparation C. graduation D. qualification
10. Thanks to their ________ effort, the iconic building was not pulled down.
A. political B. joint C. hazy D. rigid
11. She left early, ________ of a headache.
A. complained B. complaining C. to complain D. having complained
12. Our chemistry teacher ________ the experiment in the lab before we did the experiment by ourselves.
A. stimulated B. sponsored C. demonstrated D. attached
13. — Did you stay at the party until the very end last night?
— No, I left as early as was ________ with politeness.
A. content B. consistent
C. patient D. permanent
14. More and more people choose to withdraw from their busy life and seek a ________relationship with nature in the quietness of some faraway places.
A. harmonious B. crucial C. identical D. outstanding
15. Colors like green can ________ a sense of life and quietness to people.
A. acquire B. remark C. investigate D. convey
16. —Were you late for the film?
—Very late. Half of it ________ by the time we ________ the cinema.
A. was shown; reached B. had been shown; reached
C. was shown; had reached D. had been shown; had reached
17. —Where was Tom just now?
—It is said that he _________ for a crime he didn’t commit.
A. investigated B. is investigating C. had investigated D. was being investigated
18. After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it ________ so we had to go.
A. had been decorated B. has been decorated
C. was being decorated D. was decorated
19. Many passengers had to stay at the airport as quite a number of flights________ because of the snowstorm.
A. has been cancelled B. had been cancelled
C. was being cancelled D. had cancelled
20. Hearing ________ opinions can be painful—but not as painful as launching a policy that is not right for the followers or has no follower at all.
A. objected B. contrast C. opposing D. frustrating
21. My friend told me he was in ______ need of money because his mom was in hospital, waiting for the operation.
A. brief B. urgent C. remote D. cruel
22. He ________ to me about the food.
A. complained B. pretended C. regretted D. complaint
23. After a day’s work, I went to the restaurant near my company to have dinner, only to be told that it ________.
A. is decorated B. was decorated
C. is being decorated D. was being decorated
24. It is said that the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 had a ________ of 8.3.
A. detail B. magnitude C. honour D. marathon
25. —How do you know about the meeting?
—The chairperson made the ________ that it was a success.
A. remark B. meaning C. difference D. signal
26. A happy career, from my perspective, is one that ______ both your talents and interest.
A. acquires B. suits C. determines D. pours
27. Our city is becoming a modern one. More and more tall buildings ________ in the last five years.
A. have been built B. would be built C. had been built D. were built
28. New York is the fashion capital of the world, says a new study on Feb 4. 2014 by the Global Language Monitor (GLM), Pairs ____ second, with Shanghai ______10th while Hongkong 20th.
A. coming, ranks B. come, ranked C. comes, ranking D. coming, ranking
29. He can_________ infer that if the battery is dead then the horn will not sound.
A. literally B. loosely C. urgently D. logically
30. Most of the people who are visiting Britain _______ about the food and weather there.
A. always complained B. had always complained
C. are always complaining D. will always complain
二、根据句意填空
31. As she got older and older, her relatives all .(用die的相关短语完成句子)
32. It probably took her a minute, but to me she moved like a rocket! I pushed the lever further. Night came as if a lamp , and in another moment came the day. Tomorrow night came, then skipped to day, again and again, faster and faster still.
33. When we were finally rescued, we felt that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, and the care of our family and friends. Our Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.
34. Diamond necklaces and rings on a background of a black velvet.
35. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water with its exceptional beauty.
36. My is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Last year I a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me.
37. If we don’t take steps, the Tibetan antelopes and pandas will some day just as dinosaurs. (用die的相关短语完成句子)
38. are another form of suggestion, where the interest of is also involved.
39. The twins have attitudes towards life. Thus, one is living happily and the other is just the .
40. He sent a letter to the to complain about the noise.
41. Your is the sense that you have of your own importance and value, and other people’s respect for you.
42. Life offered few opportunities for young people with .
43. Now I’m thirsty and a glass of water; I have walked for a long journey. (用die的相关短语完成句子)
44. Don’t worry. The strong wind will soon and we can go out to have a baseball match as we planned. (用die的相关短语完成句子)
三、根据首字母填写单词
45. Encouraged by the teacher, they actively p in the English speech contest held last Sunday.
46. “Under the weather” is an i meaning “ill”.
47. Sichuan lies near the b of two tectonic plates, the Indian and Eurasian landmasses, making it a particularly quake-prone area.
48. As your old customer, we have f in the quality of your products.
49. I’d always played a defensive game, waiting for my o to make a mistake.
50. He knocked his o down three times in the first round.
51. I can see how much of my time had been o with checking my phone.
52. D what has been taught in time allows students to learn more efficiently.
53. He punched me with his f and got arrested.
54. As is known to all, running m requires a high level of physical fitness.
55. I have great f in you-I know you’ll do well.
56. There is a 1 to the amount of pain we can bear.
57. Supporters of space exploration believe it is beneficial, while o argue it is just a waste of time and money.
58. Moving the g is a metaphor.
59. I have no a other than to have a happy life and be free.
60. In America, presidential e are held every four years.
61. France has plenty of prehistoric sites, but Carnac is in a l of its own.
62. Tears of happiness p down his cheeks when the athlete won the championship.
63. The team’s o (the person who is playing against you) are unbeaten so far this season.
64. The twins are i to each other in appearance.
65. When he entered the hall, he saw all the people standing there, a .
66. Although Jerry is only an a , his performance is good enough to participate in professional competitions.
67. She has huge amounts of work to do every day, but she’s such a positive person that she never c about the workload.
68. They are adopting a c (always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.) approach to the problem.
69. What you say now is not c__________ with what you said last week.
70. The word should not be understood l , otherwise you can’t get the real meaning.
71. They are anxious to d to the voters that they have practical policies of containing the pandemic.
72. His a is to make people around the world enjoy the same right to live a quality life.
73. Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she p to cry stormily. (v. to go to a further or the next stage; go on)
74. We can build up the speed g and safely.
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Liu Genghong, 75 Taiwan-born singer, has taken the Internet by storm with his workout livestream on Douyin. Liu’s workout sessions have been so popular that they 76 (break) Douyin’s livestreaming record for 2022 so far. Within one month, Liu’s livestreams have been viewed nearly 100 million times, with his most popular session 77 (attract) over 44 million live views. Chinese musician Jay Chou’s songs often serve 78 Liu’s background music. One of his most-watched fitness 79 (routine) is set to “Herbalist Manual” (本草纲目) from Jay Chou’s Still Fantasy album. In his livestreams, Liu and his wife appear 80 (energy), friendly, happy and super fit. 81 Liu’s dance moves look simple, they are often too intense (剧烈) for his audience 82 (follow). Many netizens even joked that the 49-year-old was facing a popularity contest with Li Jiaqi, 83 is China’s “livestreaming king” known for his sales strategies. “Li Jiaqi empties our wallet, while Liu Genghong empties our body.” a netizen said 84 (joking).
参考答案
一、
1. D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：正是他在面试中展示出的强大的沟通技巧最终使他赢得了该领域销售经理的职位。分析句子结构，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词communication skills，show与communication skills之间是被动关系，空处应用被动语态，“展示沟通技巧”这一动作发生在“赢得职位”之前，won为过去式，使用了一般过去时，“展示”这一动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，所以空处应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D项。
2. B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你知道传统的英国餐，午餐一般比较清淡，以简单的食物为基础吗？A. reliable可信赖的；B. plain普通的，简单的；C. identical相同的；D. considerable相当大的。根据句意可知，此处指的是传统的英国餐是基于简单的食物，plain意为“普通的，简单的”符合句意。故选B项。
3. C
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：当我进入房间时，我看到电视正在被修理。分析句子可知，句子为“that”引导的宾语从句作“saw”的宾语，根据句中“When entering the room”和“saw”可知，从句中动作为过去某一时间正在发生的事，即当我进入房间时，看见电视正在被修理，故“that”引导的从句应用过去进行时，“TV”和“fix”为被动关系，故从句应用过去进行时的被动语态“was/were being done”，“TV”和“was”连用，“fix”的过去分词为“fixed”，故空格处应填“was being fixed”。故选C项。
4. B
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：乔治告诉玛丽，刚才有人问他假期要做什么。本题根据主句的时态told，可以判定全句表示的是过去发生的事情。此外根据从句的提示词just，可以判定需要用完成时，且he和ask之间存在被动关系。故选B项。
5. C
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：到上个月底，一些新的教学设备已送到我们学校，以改善教师的工作。根据“By the end of last month”可知，此处应用过去完成时，主语some new teaching equipment和send是被动关系，因此应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选C。
6. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：国王、贵族和地位高的人都想购买自己的精确画像。A. rank地位，等级；B. noble贵族；C. client客户；D. representative代表。根据句意可知，此处为名词rank“地位，等级”，满足句意要求。故选A项。
7. B
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：经理鼓励员工在认输前再试一次，这样他们就不会后悔了。A.did the trick奏效；达到预期效果；B.threw in the towel认输；C.thought on their feet反应迅速；D.sharpened their skills提高他们的技能。根据上下文语境可知，要不遗憾就要认输前再试试，故选B。
8. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要丧失信仰。要对自己感到自信。根据your可知，划线单词为名词，根据后文“你要对自己自信”可知，前文是鼓励对方不要失去信心，结合句意，faith应翻译为“信心”。故选B项。
9. D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，学生上重点大学只是为了获得一个正式学历，这可能有助于他们在未来找到一份好工作。A. election选举；B. preparation准备；C. graduation毕业；D. qualification资格，学历。结合“Nowadays students go to key universities”可知，学生上大学是为了获得正式学历，故选D。
10. B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多亏他们的共同努力，这座标志性建筑没有被拆除。A. political政治的；B. joint共同的，联合的；C. hazy朦胧的，模糊的；D. rigid僵化的，死板的。结合语境可知，此处指“多亏他们的共同努力”，其他选项不符合题意。故选B项。
11. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她说自己头疼，很早就离开了。该句子的谓语动词是left，所以选项中的动词complain只能用非谓语形式，作状语；根据句意判断一定不是目的状语，所以排除C项；句子的主语she和动词complain之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词，排除A项；动词complain和谓语动词left之间没有明确的先后关系，没必要用现在分词的完成时，故排除D项。故选B项。
12. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们自己做实验之前，化学老师在实验室里演示了实验。A. stimulated 刺激；B. sponsored 赞助； C. demonstrated 演示；D. attached 附属。根据句意“在我们自己做实验之前”，可知化学老师“演示”了实验，故选C。
13. B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——昨晚你一直待到派对结束吗？——不，我提前离开，但不失礼节。A. content满足的，满意的；B. consistent一致的；C. patient耐心的；D. permanent永恒的，不变的。结合句意，“提前离开但不失礼节”可以理解为待在派对中的时间与礼节中的停留时间保持一致，be consistent with“与……保持一致”。故选B
14. A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的人选择从繁忙的生活中退出，在一些遥远地方的宁静中寻求与大自然的和谐关系。A. harmonious和谐的；B. crucial关键的；C. identical相同的；D. outstanding杰出的。根据句意可知，人们远离繁忙的生活，去一些遥远的地方，应该是想寻求与大自然的和谐关系，“harmonious”意为“和谐的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语，符合语境。故选A项。
15. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：像绿色这样的颜色可以给人一种充满生机和安静的感觉。A. acquire获得；B. remark评论；C. investigate调查；D. convey传达。根据“a sense of life and quietness to people”可推知，这种给人的感觉是绿色一类的颜色传达给人们的，即convey。故选D。
16. B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——你们电影迟到了吗？——非常迟。我们到达电影院的时候已经放映了一半了。结合语境和连词by the time“到……时”可知，主句陈述过去之前发生的事情，用过去完成时，而电影又是被放映的，应用过去完成时的被动语态；从句陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故选B。
17. D
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：——Tom刚刚在哪？——据说他在因一项他没有犯下的罪行而接受调查。根据问句中“just now”可知，此处指过去某个时间正在发生的事情，用过去进行时，且主语he和动词investigate之间是被动关系，应用过去进行时的被动语态。故选D项。
18. C
【解析】考查过去进行时的被动语态。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，却被告知阅览室正在装修，所以我们不得不走。根据“so we had to go”可知，此处是指阅览室正在装修，所以应用过去进行时。动词decorate意为“装修”，和主语构成被动语态。故选C。
19. B
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：由于暴风雪，许多航班被取消，许多乘客不得不留在机场。cancel与quite a number of flights是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，且发生在had to stay at the airport 之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选B。
20. C
【解析】考查形容词/动词词义辨析。句意：听到反对意见可能会很痛苦，但不会像推出一项不适合追随者或根本没有追随者的政策那样痛苦。A. objected不同意；B. contrast对比；C. opposing相反的，对立的；D. frustrating令人沮丧的。分析句子可知，“opinions”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，排除“A”和“B”，根据句意可知，听到反对意见可能会令人痛苦，“opposing”意为“相反的，对立的”，形容词词性，作定语，符合句意。故选C项。
21. B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友告诉我他急需用钱，因为他的妈妈在医院里等着做手术。A. brief简短的；B. urgent紧急的；C. remote遥远的；D. cruel残酷的。由下文“need of money because his mom was in hospital, waiting for the operation.”可知，此处表示急需用钱，应用urgent表示“紧急的”，故选B。
22. A
【解析】考查动词，名词词义辨析。句意：他向我抱怨食物。A. complained抱怨；B. pretended假装；C. regretted 后悔；D. complaint抱怨。分析句意可知，此处使用动词complain，构成动词搭配complain to sb. about sth.“向某人抱怨……”，complaint为名词，不可用于空格处作谓语动词。故选A项。
23. D
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：一天的工作结束后，我去公司附近的餐厅吃饭，却被告知餐厅正在装修。该空动词decorate在宾语从句中作谓语，根据句意，去餐厅吃饭，使用了only to be told表示意外的结果状语，应该是不能在那里用餐。因为是当时餐厅正在被装修。从句主语“restaurant”（即it）正在被装修；参考主句谓语动词“went”时态可知，该空从句谓语动词decorate应使用过去进行时的被动语态。故选D项。
24. B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说1906年旧金山地震的震级为8.3级。A. detail细节；B. magnitude震级；C. honour荣誉；D. marathon马拉松。表示地震的震级需用名词magnitude。故选B。
25. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意——你认为这次会议如何？——主席评论说这是一次成功的回忆。A. remark评论；B. meaning意思；C. difference差别；D. signal信号。根据 it was a success可知，句中指主席评论说会议是一次成功的会议，“make the remark”意为“（对……）作出评论”，故空格处应填“remark”。故选A项。
26. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，一份幸福的职业是一份既能培养你的才能又能培养你的兴趣的职业。A. acquires（通过努力）得到；B. suits适合；C. determines决定；D. pours倾倒。结合句意可知，此处是指一份幸福的职业能培养（让人获得）才能和兴趣，acquire符合题意。故选A。
27. A
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：我们的城市正在变成一个现代化的城市。在过去的五年里，建造了越来越多的高楼大厦。分析句子可知，空白处在句中为谓语，结合句中时间状语in the last five years可知，应用现在完成时；句子主语more and more tall buildings为复数含义，所以助动词用have；主语与动词build是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选A。
28. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由全球语言监测机构(GLM) 2014年2月4日发布一项新研究表明，纽约是世界的时尚之都，巴黎排名第二，上海排名第10，香港排名第20。分析句子结构可知，第一空是独立主格结构，come和Pairs是主动关系用现在分词形式，第二空with复合结构，rank与Shanghai是主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，故选D项。
29. D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他可以从逻辑上推断，如果电池没电了，喇叭就不会响了。A. literally字面地；B. loosely松地；C. urgently紧急地；D. logically从逻辑上，逻辑上地。根据后文“if the battery is dead then the horn will not sound”可知，此处指从逻辑上推断，故选D。
30. C
【解析】考查时态。句意：大多数来英国旅游的人总是抱怨那里的食物和天气。结合选项中的频度状语always可知，应用现在进行时，现在进行时和这类频度状语连用，表示对现阶段经常发生的动作的感情色彩。故选C。
二、
31. died off
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：随着她越来越老，她的亲戚都死了。根据句意和题目要求可知，此处应用动词短语die off(相继死去)，由语境和从句谓语动词got可知，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填died off。
32. was being turned out
【解析】考查短语、时态和语态。句意：她可能花了一分钟，但对我来说她像火箭一样移动！我把操纵杆推得更远。夜幕降临，仿佛一盏灯熄灭了，又过了一会儿，白昼降临了。明晚来了，又跳到白天，一次又一次，越来越快。根据句意可知，此处使用动词短语turn out熄灭(电灯、煤气等)，lamp与turn out之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，根据语境可知，句子描述的是过去正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being turned out。
33. such relief and joy optimism and faith in
【解析】考查名词和固定搭配。句意：当我们最终获救时，我们感到如此的宽慰和喜悦，以至于我们中的许多人无法掩饰自己的眼泪。我们终于可以自由地回家了，有温暖的床，美味的食物，还有家人和朋友的照顾。我们对Shackleton的乐观和信心帮助我们坚持活下来了。由上文“When we were finally rescued,”可知，我们得救了所以感到宽慰和喜悦，“宽慰和喜悦”应用名词短语relief and joy，relief和joy都为不可数名词，由下文that可知，此处表示“如此……以至于”应用such+名词+that从句，所以应用such relief and joy。根据下文“Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive”可知，此处表示“对Shackleton的乐观和信任让我们活下来了”，所以“乐观和信任”用名词短语optimism and faith，且此处optimism和faith均为不可数名词，“对某人有……”用介词in，所以“对……的乐观和信任”用optimism and faith in。故填①such②relief③and④joy⑤optimism⑥and⑦faith⑧in。
34. had been beautifully arranged
【解析】考查时态语态和副词。句意：钻石项链和戒指被漂亮地排列在黑色天鹅绒的背景上。arrange (排列)表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，主语Diamond necklaces and rings和谓语动词arrange是被动关系，过去完成时的被动语态，副词beautifully (漂亮地)作状语，修饰动词arrange。故填had been beautifully arranged。
35. literally took their breath away
【解析】考查时态和固定搭配。句意：火车到站后，他们乘出租车来到路易斯湖，那里的蓝色湖水真的让人叹为观止。根据句意可知，此处表示“真的令他们叹为观止”，“令某人叹为观止”应用固定搭配take one’s breath away，“真地”用副词literally修饰动词短语，句子描述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，且主语是they，应填literally took their breath away，故填literally took their breath away。
36. ambition invented
【解析】考查名词和动词。句意：我的志向是长大后为一家开发计算机软件的公司工作。去年我发明了一款电脑足球游戏，一家大公司决定从我这里买下它。由下文“is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.”可知，此处表示“志向”为名词ambition，作主语，由is可知，应用单数；第二空由下文“a computer football game ”可知，此处表示发明一款电脑足球游戏，应用动词invent表示“发明”，由last year可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填ambition；invented。
37. die out
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：如果我们不采取措施，藏羚羊和熊猫总有一天会像恐龙一样灭绝。根据句中“just as dinosaurs”可知，此处指“藏羚羊和熊猫总有一天会像恐龙一样灭绝”，故应用短语die out，意为“灭绝”。由空格前的will可知，此处应用动词原形。故填die out。
38. Complaints complainant
【解析】考查名词。句意：投诉是另一种形式的建议，也涉及投诉者的利益。分析句子可知，第一空应填complaint,表“抱怨”，且由are可知这里应用复数形式；第二空 the interest of complainant表“投诉者的利益”，名词作宾语，所以应填 complainant表“投诉者”。故填Complaints；complainant
39. opposing opposite
【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：这对双胞胎对生活持相反的态度。 因此，一个快乐地生活，而另一个则相反。根据后文的“一个……样，另一个……样”可推断，即使这是对双胞胎，但是他们在生活态度上是不同的，所以第1空和第2空都用表达“相反”意义的词符合上下文语境并前后相照应。第1空修饰其后的名词attitudes，用形容词opposing作定语；第2空被定冠词the限定，表达相反的情况，用名词opposite作表语。故填opposing和opposite。
40. council
【解析】考查名词。句意：他给市政委员会写了一封信，抱怨噪音太大。根据句意和空格前的介词to以及句子的“complain about the noise”可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作介词to的宾语，且意义为“政务委员会”，所以应该用名词council。故填council。
41. dignity
【解析】考查名词。句意：你的尊严是你对自己的重要性和价值的感觉，以及别人对你的尊重。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词dignity作主语，意为“尊严”。故填dignity。
42. ambition
【解析】考查名词。句意：生活给予雄心勃勃的年轻人的机会很少。根据“young people”可知，生活给予雄心勃勃的年轻人很少的机会。空处需要名词ambition“雄心”作宾语，和with构成介词短语在句中作状语。故填ambition。
43. dying for
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：现在我渴得要命，好想喝杯水；我走了一段很长的路。根据句意和题目要求可知，此处应用动词短语die for(渴望)，由语境可知，此处时态为现在进行时，动词用现在分词形式，故填dying for。
44. die down/away
【解析】考查短语。句意：别担心。强风很快就会减弱，我们可以按计划举行棒球赛。根据句意及提示可知，短语die down/away表示“减弱”，符合句意，位于will后用动词原形。故填die down/away。
三、
45. participated/articipated
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在老师的鼓励下，他们积极参加了上周日举行的英语演讲比赛。根据句意和首字母提示可知，空处需用动词participate“参加”作谓语，根据时间状语last Sunday可知，该句用一般过去时。故填participated。
46. idiom/diom
【解析】句意：“身体欠佳”是一个习语，意思是“病了”。idiom表示“习语、成语”，故填idiom。
47. boundary/oundary
【解析】考查名词。句意：四川位于印度和欧亚大陆这两个板块的边界附近，是一个特别容易发生地震的地区。结合句意及首字母提示可知，名词boundary“边界”符合题意，the boundary of“……的边界”。故填boundary。
48. faith/aith
【解析】考查名词。句意：作为你们的老客户，我们对你们产品的质量很有信心。根据句意和首字母提示，用名词faith作宾语，构成短语have faith in，意为“对……有信心”。故填faith。
49. opponent/pponent
【解析】考查名词。句意：我总是打防守战，等着对手出错。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用名词opponent，作宾语。故填opponent。
50. opponent/pponent
【解析】考查名词。句意：在第一轮比赛中，他把对手击倒了三次。该空需要一个名词作宾语；由in the first round(第一轮，第一回合)可知是在比赛，动词短语knock down 意为“打到，击败”，结合首字母o，名词opponent(对手)符合语境，此处表示一个对手为单数。故填opponent。
51. occupied/ccupied
【解析】考查动词。句意：我可以看到我有多少时间被占用在查看我的手机。根据单词首字母以及句意“占用”可知应填动词occupy，与主语构成被动关系，结合上文 had been可知为过去完成时的被动语态。故填occupied。
52. Demonstrating/emonstrating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：及时演示所教内容可以让学生更有效地学习。根据句意以及首字母提示，空处应用动词demonstrate，表示“演示”，使用动名词形式置于句首，作句子主语，首字母大写。故填Demonstrating。
53. fist/ist
【解析】考查名词。句意：他用拳头打了我，然后被捕了。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词fist“拳头”，作宾语。故填fist。
54. marathon
【解析】考查名词。句意：众所周知，跑马拉松需要高水平的身体素质。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作动名词running的宾语；根据句意及首字母，要求高水平的身体素质的跑步项目马拉松marathon符合题意。故填marathon。
55. faith/aith
【解析】考查名词。句意：我对你很有信心——我知道你会做得很好。空格位于形容词great之后可知，此处填名词作宾语，根据句意和首字母提示可知，faith意为“信任，信心，信念”，have faith in为固定短语，意为“相信”。故填faith。
56. limit/imit
【解析】考查名词。句意：我们能忍受的痛苦有一个极限。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词limit，作主语，由不定冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填limit。
57. opponents/pponents
【解析】考查名词。句意：太空探索的支持者认为这是有益的，而反对者则认为这只是浪费时间和金钱。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词opponent“反对者”，句子陈述客观事实，使用了一般现在时，空后动词argue是原形，主语是复数形式。故填opponents。
58. goalposts/oalposts
【解析】考查名词。句意：“Moving the goalposts”是一个隐喻。根据句意及首字母提示，结合固定短语move the goalposts表示“改变规则，改变目标”，空处应为goalposts，故填goalposts。
59. ambition/mbition
【解析】考查名词。句意：除了过上幸福的生活和自由，我没有别的志向。根据单词首字母和句意“志向”及前文have no可知，此处应用名词ambition作宾语，此处为不可数名词。故填ambition。
60. elections/lections
【解析】考查名词。句意：在美国，总统选举每四年举行一次。根据单词首字母和句意“选举”和后文are可知，此处应用可数名词election的复数形式作主语。故填elections。
61. league/eague
【解析】考查名词。句意：法国有很多史前遗址，但卡纳克是独一无二的。根据句意和所给首字母l以及空格前的不定冠词a分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母l开头的可数名词单数形式作介词in的宾语，且意义为“等级，级别”，所以应该用名词league，构成短语in a league of its own(独树一帜)。故填league。
62. poured/oured
【解析】考查动词。句意：当运动员获得冠军时，幸福的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下来。pour down 倾泻，根据后文won可知为一般过去时。故填poured。
63. opponents/pponents
【解析】考查名词。句意：这个赛季到目前为止，这个队的对手一直保持不败。根据首字母o和“the person who is playing against you(和你比赛的人)”可知，此处应用名词opponent表示“对手”作主语。根据系动词are可知，主语为复数形式。故填opponents。
64. identical/dentical
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这对双胞胎外貌一模一样。根据单词首字母可知应填形容词identical，作表语。故填identical。
65. applauding/pplauding
【解析】考查动词。句意：当他走进大厅时，他看到所有的人都站在那里鼓掌。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词applaud，与people是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填applauding。
66. amateur/mateur
【解析】考查名词。句意：虽然杰里只是个业余爱好者，但他的表现足以参加职业比赛。分析句子可知，空格处应用名词，在句中作表语，根据单词首字母和句意“业余爱好者”可知，空格处涉及单词“amateur”，意为“业余爱好者”，为可数名词，根据空格前不定冠词“an”可知，应用“amateur”的单数形式。故填amateur。
67. complains/omplains
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她每天都有大量的工作要做，但她是一个非常积极的人，她从不抱怨工作量。根据句意“抱怨”和首字母提示可知，此处为动词complain，结合“never”可知，使用一般现在时，主语为she，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填complains。
68. consistent/onsistent
【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们对这个问题采取一致的方法。根据单词首字母及英文提示always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.“总是以相同的方式行事，或有相同的意见、标准等”及空后的名词approach可知应填形容词形式consistent (一致的)，作定语。故填consistent。
69. consistent/onsistent
【解析】考查形容词。句意：你现在说的和你上周说的不一致。 is是系动词，接形容词作表语，根据句意和首字母提示应填consistent“一致的”作表语，故填consistent。
70. literally/iterally
【解析】考查副词。句意：这个词不应该按字面理解，否则你就无法理解它的真正含义。根据单词首字母和句意“按字面”可知，此处应用副词literally修饰动词。故填literally。
71. demonstrate/emonstrate
【解析】考查动词。句意：他们急于向选民表明，他们有遏制这一流行病的实际政策。结合句子结构和首字母提示可知，动词demonstrate“表明”复合题意，根据be anxious to do sth.“急于做某事”可知此处to后应用动词原形。故填demonstrate。
72. ambition/mbition
【解析】考查名词。句意：他的志向是让全世界的人都享有同样的权利，过上有质量的生活。根据句意和首字母提示，应使用名词ambition作主语，意为“追求的目标；志向”，结合系动词is可知，主语是单数名词。故填ambition。
73. proceeded/roceeded
【解析】考查动词和时态。句意：她在桌旁的一把椅子上坐下来，把两只胳膊搭在椅子上，把脸埋在椅子里，放声大哭起来。分析句子可知，横线处应填入动词作谓语。根据首字母和括号里的提示，可以填动词proceed。根据句意可知，此处表示“过去某个的时间发生的动作”，应用一般过去时，故填proceeded。
74. gradually/radually
【解析】考查副词。句意：我们可以逐步安全地提高速度。根据空格后的“and safely”可知，空格处应用副词形式。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处指“逐步地提高速度”，gradually“逐渐地；逐步地”符合句意，故填gradually。
四、
75. a 76. have broken 77. attracting 78. as 79. routines 80. energetic 81. Although/Though 82. to follow 83. who 84. jokingly
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了台湾歌手刘耕宏在抖音上健身直播，在网上掀起了轩然大波。
75. 考查冠词。句意：刘耕宏，一位台湾出生的歌手，在网上掀起了轩然大波，他在抖音上的健身直播。可数名词singer在句中指“一位台湾出生的歌手”，表泛指，应用不定冠词限定，又因Taiwan发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
76. 考查动词时态。句意：刘的健身活动非常受欢迎，到目前为止，已经打破了抖音2022年的直播记录。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词，根据句中“so far”判断，此处应用现在完成时态，主语they是复数人称代词，助动词用have。故填have broken。
77. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一个月内，刘的直播流已经被观看了近一亿次，其中他最受欢迎的环节吸引了超过4400万的现场观看。“with his most popular session (attract) over 44 million live views”是with复合结构，提示词attract作宾语补足语，用非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语his most popular session之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填attracting。
78. 考查介词。句意：中国音乐家周的歌曲经常作为刘的背景音乐。serve as是固定短语，意为“充当，作为”。故填as。
79. 考查名词的数。句意：他最受关注的健身节目之一是周的《依然范特西》专辑中的《本草纲目》。“one of+名词复数”为固定短语，意为“……之一”。故填routines。
80. 考查形容词。句意：在直播中，刘和他的妻子显得精力充沛、友好、快乐、身体健康。根据空格后并列的形容词friendly、happy和super fit可知，空格处也应填入形容词，作表语。energy的形容词为energetic，意为“精力充沛的”。故填energetic。
81. 考查连词。句意：虽然刘的舞步看起来很简单，但往往过于激烈，观众无法跟上。根据句意可知，上下文有转折关系，应用although或though引导让步状语从句；另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although或Though。
82. 考查固定句型和非谓语动词。句意：虽然刘的舞步看起来很简单，但往往过于激烈，观众无法跟上。too...to...为固定句型，意为“太……而不能……”，不定式作结果状语。故填to follow。
83. 考查定语从句。句意：许多网友甚至开玩笑说，这位49岁的年轻人正面临着与以销售策略闻名的中国“直播之王”李佳奇的人气竞争。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Li Jiaqi，指人，先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
84. 考查副词。句意：“李掏空了我们的钱包，刘掏空了我们的身体。”一位网友开玩笑说。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词修饰动词said，joking的副词形式为jokingly，意为“打趣地”。故填jokingly。
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