牛津译林版8A Unit 6知识点讲解
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8AUnit6知识点讲解
Revision
Errors Presentation
Language Points and Grammar [Skills and Strategies]
一、 重点单词短语
1. 重点单词
1.nature n.大自然,自然界 in nature/a nature reserve
natural adj. 自然的/天然的;正常的;天生的
It is natural for humans to make mistakes.人类犯错是自然的。
They often discuss problems about the (nature) world.
答案:natural
2. provide vt.提供
provide sb. with sth.
provide sth. for sb.
—What do you think of the hotel?
—It’s great! It can provide food us any time. They can provide us hot water even at night.
A. for ; for B. with ; with C. with ; for D. for ; with
答案:D
*区别:offer sb sth=offer sth to sb
3.cover n.庇护所[U]封面;罩[C]stick it on the cover
v.占地面积;覆盖;包括;报导
cover an area of... cover sth with... cover/include sth.
固定搭配 be covered with被......覆盖。
The ground is covered with white snow here in winter. 这里冬天大地被白雪覆盖。
练一练:
The reserve _______ a large area and provides _______ for a lot of wildlife.
The course______all the ways to practise English.
答案:covers/ cover/ covers
4. while conj.然而; 当┅时
①— Some people try to save birds others even kill them for food!
— Hope more people will learn to care about birds.
A. so B. while C. if D. because
答案:B
② Please look after my cat ______ I’m away.
答案:while
(n)一会儿 stay for a short while短暂停留
5. stay n.停留,逗留 v. stays/stayed
保持健康 stay healthy
eg:He ______ at his aunt’s home last week, because his parents went to Beijing for a short ______.
答案:stayed/ stay
6. easily adv.容易地→more/most easily
easy adj. 容易的→easier/easiest
①I find my pen _______. I find this problem _______.
②You can watch birds _______ in Zhalong than in other places.
答案:easily/ easy/ easier
7.in order to 以便,为了 *in order not to do... 为了不...
①In order to _______ (have) a good rest, he chose to stay at home last weekend.
答案:have
8.space n.空间[U]同义词:room
①This will lead to _______ space for wildlife. A. less and less B. fewer and fewer
答案:A
②I made enough _______ for him when he got on the bus.
答案:space
9.lead vi/vt 领导,带领 led/led
lead to sth/doing sth 导致/做了某事
His carelessness to his death last month.
答案:led
10.fisherman n. 渔民 fishermen
fish vi.捕鱼;钓鱼→fishes/fished n.鱼;鱼肉
eg:Look! There are many (fisherman) fishing in the river.
That fisherman all day long.
答案:fishermen/ fishes
11. prevent vt. 防止
prevent/stop sb. from (doing) sth.= keep sb. from doing sth.
eg:We must prevent hunters from wild animals.
A. to kill B. killing C. killed D. kill
答案:B
12.record vt.记录;录制→recorded record sth.→ sth be recorded
n.记录 keep/break the record of...保持、打破记录
eg:If a TV programme is covered live, it isn’t _______ first and sent out later.
答案:recorded
13. change n.改变,变化,零钱
changes in... 在某方面的改变
Here’s your change. 这是你的零钱
vt. 改变 change one’s mind/life/oneself 改变主意/生活/自己
换乘 change to the bus
①— Can you tell me the changes the numbers of the teachers in our school.
— Sure. The number of the teachers bigger. There are 300.
A. in ; is B. into ; is C. in ; are D. into ; are
②Great ________ have taken place in my hometown over the years.
答案:A / changes
14. tourist n.旅行者
tour n. 旅行a tour of sp.
eg:Many cars were along the road.
答案:tourists
【拓展】:
painter(paint油漆、painting画)
scientist(science)科学家
pianist(piano)钢琴家
artist(art)艺术家
actor(act)演员
winner (win)胜利者
15. importance n. 重要性 the importance of .......的重要性
important adj.重要的→more/most important (反)unimportant
It is very important to me=It is of great importance to me.对我很重要
*区别:it is important for sb to do对某人而言,做某事是重要的
eg:We should encourage people to understand the ________ of protecting the environment.
答案:importance
16.clearly adv.清晰地→more/most clearly
clear adj.清楚的→clearer/clearest
eg:Pardon? I can’t hear you ________ on the phone.
答案:clearly
17.speaker n.说话人, 演讲者, 扬声器
eg:The car is one of the ________.
答案:speakers
18. form n.表格;形式 an application form 一份申请表 in the form of...以...的形式
19. introduce vt.介绍;引进 introduced/introducing
introduce sb./sth. to … 向某人介绍
eg:In 1979, this new type of hybrid rice __________ into the USA.
答案:was introduced
n. introduction 介绍 introduce oneself=make a self introduction自我介绍
20. understand v. 理解 过去式/过去分词 understood
n. understanding 理解力
Your______means a lot to us.
答案:你的理解对我很重要。
21. count (v)
*数数
count from 1 to 10 从一数到十
*有价值、有意义 Make every day count. 让每一天都有意义。
Every point in the game counts. 比赛中每一天都很重要。
22. describe v. 描述
n. description
The book describes all changes in China for 50 years.
=The book gives a description of all changes in China for 50 years.
23. broad adj.宽大的,宽的 / wide 宽的 adj./充分地,adv.
区别:①两者都能表示道路、河流等宽广、宽阔;
②broad侧重于面积的广阔,常表人的肢体和心胸宽阔;
③wide强调从一边到另一边的距离远,表示人的眼和嘴大时用wide不用broad。
The river is 60 meters broad/wide.
He is a man with broad shoulders/heart.
He stared as me with wide eyes.
24. in north-east China= in the north-east of China
North-east是形容词,意思是“东北部的”;用作名词时,意思是东北”
in范围内 to 范围外 on 接壤
例句:
Taiwan is in the south-east of China.
Beijing is in the north of China.
Anhui is on the west of Jiangsu.
Japan is to the east of China.
25. market的一些常见用法:
come onto the market 表示“某物上市;在市场上出售”。
This car only came onto the market last week.这款车是上周才投放到市场出售的。
1) be in the market for 常用于口语中,表示“有意去买某物”。
如:He's not in the market for a big house他无意购买一套大房子。
2) on the market表示“某物上市出售或待售”。
3) 如:These kinds of bikes are not on the market.这些 自行车还未上市。
26. look like
look like意为“看起来....like是介词,后面要跟上一个名词或代词作宾语。如:
It looks like rain.天像是要下雨的样子。 [典例]: My English teacher___________a movie star. (look)
答案: looks like 表示“看起来.....”用英语表达是"look like
27. while引导的时间状语中,谓语动词常用进行时态,当从句中的谓语部分系动词be或延续性动词时,一般不用进行时态。
Keep quiet while you are listening to the recorder.听录音机时保持安静.
We grow most while we sleep.我们睡觉时长得最快。
注意:如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语动词中含有系动词be时,则可以省略从句中的主语和be动词,其意义相同。
如: She never dreamed while ( she was)asleep.她睡觉时从来不做梦。
He had an accident while ( he was)on his way here. 在来这儿途中,他发生了事故。
【典例】---Tim Cook called his mother every week even while he________around the world.
A. was traveling B. is traveling C. traveled D. travels
答案:A 考查时态的用法。句子所表达的句意是“提姆每周打电话给他的妈妈。甚至在他环游世界的时候。”此处指的是过去时候在进行的动作,while的后面跟过去进行时来表示。
28 .need用作名词时,意为“需要,,必要”,如:
There is a growing need for new house in this area. 在这一地区,对新房子的需要在不断增长
There is no need to thank me.没有必要谢我。
need+v. ing“表被动” 如:My hair needs cutting/needs to be cut.我的头发需要被整理。
need用作情态动词,“需要”
如: ----Need you go so soon?一你们必须这么早就走吗
一- No, we needn't/-Yes,\must. 不,我们不需要。/-的,我们必须。
29. square adj.平放的;正方形的;正直的 n.平方;广场;正方形。
如:Our school covers an area of 5squarekilometers.我们学校占地5平方公里。
Tian’anmen Square is in south of the Palace Museum.天安门广场位于故宫博物馆南面。
30.interest
a. n.兴趣; 爱好,嗜好。如:He lost interest in much of his research.他对大部分研究工作失去了 b.n.利益。如:One should not look after one’ own interests alone.一个人不应当只顾自己的利益。
c. n.利息。如:The loan is interest free.这项贷款是无息的。
d. v.使产生兴趣 This book interests me.这本书引起了我的兴趣。
31.take part in参加...参与....活动=join in
如: John takes part in many school activities.约翰参加很多学校里的活动。
Joe took an active part in the struggle.乔积极参加斗争。
【拓展】:
attend侧重参加会议或学术活动等。
join指加入党派、团体或游戏活动等。
participate正式用词,指参加团体活动。
35.email
a. n.电子邮件。如:You can send me an email.你可以给我发一份电子邮件。
b. vt.给....发电子邮件。如: Please email the documents to me.请把那些文件以电子邮件形式发给我。
表示“用某邮箱发送电子邮件给某人”用“email sb at十邮箱地址”来表
如:Please email him at Jim @ 126.com 请给他发送电子邮件到邮箱Jim@ 126. com.
2.重点短语
1. 喜欢观鸟 like bird watching
2. 在市场上 at the market
3. 褐灰相间的羽毛 brown and grey feathers
4. 扎龙自然保护区 Zhalong Nature Reserve
5. 在中国东北 in North-east China=in the northeast of China
6. 在黑龙江省 in Heilongjiang Province
7. 在白天 in the daytime
8. 容易的观察它们 easily watch them
9. 世界上最重要的湿地之一 one of the world’s most important wetlands
10. 为野生动物提供食物和庇护所provide food and cover for wildlife
为…提供 provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth
11. 以便,为的是in order to (do)
12. 理解湿地的重要性 understand the importance of the wetlands
13. 制定法律阻止所以这些事 make laws to prevent all these things
14. 录种类和数量上的变化 record the types and changes in the numbers
15. 许多观光者 a lot of tourists
16. 一年到头 all year round
17在那短暂停留 stay there for a short while/time
18. 导致越来越少的空间 lead to less and less space
19. 没有许多鹤幸存下来 There are not many cranes left
20. 有更多空间给农场和大楼 have more space for farms and buildings
21. 随身携带笔记本 take a notebook with you
22. 拍鸟的照片 take photos of the birds
23. 要求人们不要为任何原因捕捉鸟 ask people not to catch birds for any reason
24. 同意让我加入他们的学校旅行 agree to let me join their school trip
25. 看见某人做某事 /正在做某事see somebody do/ doing something
26. 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 hear somebody do/ doing something
27. 告诉我们认真的观鸟 tell us to watch the birds carefully
28. 鼓励我们描述鸟 encourage us to describe the birds
29. 建议我们不要喊叫 advise us not to shout
30. 使鸟飞到南方过冬 make birds fly south for/to spend the winter
31. 占地面积… cover/has an area of
32. 许多植物和稀有鸟的家园 be home to/be the home of a lot of plants and rare birds
33. 对人们的健康重要 be important to the health of people
34. 最好戴副望远镜 had better take a pair of binoculars
35. 发出美妙的声音 make beautiful sounds
36. 在鸟展览上 at bird shows
37. 申请表 an application form
38. 兴趣和爱好 interests and hobbies
39. 让我自我介绍 let me introduce myself
40. 对做某事…感兴趣 be interested in doing something
41. 参加活动 take part in activities
42.加入观鸟社团 join/be a member of Bird watching Society
二、重点句型
1.Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in North-east China. 扎龙自然保护区位于中国东北部的黑龙江省。
【考点聚焦】
(1) 句中的nature是名词,意为“自然,自然界”,其形容词是natural,意为“自然的,自然界的”
如: There are several nature reserves in our country.我国有好几处自然保护区。
Animals like living in the natural state.动物喜欢生活在自然的环境中。
2.It is one of the world's most important wetlands. 它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。
【考点聚焦】“one of”结构中,介词of的后面通常接一个形容词最高级加名词复数形式。当one... of..结构用作主语时,后面的动词用第三人称单数形式,这时one是句子的真正主语。如: Football is one of my favourite喜欢的体育项目之一。
【典例】: Li Na is one of______players in the world.
A. most famous B. the most famous C. more famous
答案:解析本题考在one of的用法。在one高级前加上的后面跟形容词的最高级形式;形容词最the,因此此处选B。
3.The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. 这片区域为野生动物提供了食物和掩护。 【考点聚焦】
(1)provide用作动词,意为“提供”、“供给”,常用于:provide something for somebody 或provide somebody with something,意思是向某人提供某物”。
如: Please provide some paper for me请提供一些 纸给我。
The government provides money for children's education政府为孩子们的教育提供经费。
Neither will provide answers to these problems.两者都无法给出这些问题的答案。
(2) wildlife是一个不可数名词,意为“野生动物”。
如:Human beings need food, clothing and shelter. 人米有衣、食、住的需求。
The wildlife should be protected by laws. 野生生物应受到法律的保护。
4.Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay. 许多鸟儿长年生活在扎龙自然保护区里,然而有些鸟儿只是短暂逗留。
【考点聚焦】
(l)all year round是固定短语,意思是“一年四季,全年”,相当于all the year round 或during the whole year. round 是副词,意为“周而复始地;从头至尾地”。
如: That mountain is covered with snow all year round.那座山终年积雪。
(2) while是并列连词,意思是“但是;然而”。
如: Some people like coffee, while others like tea. 有些人喜欢咖啡,而有些人喜欢茶。
They are busy while we are free.他们忙着而我们闲
while用作连词时,还可以引导时间状语从句,一般主间的动作和从句的动作同时发生,意思是“当的时候.
如:She is watching TV while i am playing a computer game. 她在看电视而我在玩游戏。
【典例】:I was writing a diary ___________brother was watching I V yesterday evening.
A. before B. after C. until D. while
答案:D 解析本题考查连词的用法。句意:昨天晚上我在写日记的时候我的哥哥却在看电视。本句话是由while引导的时间状语从句,表示“一.....边.故选D。
(3) 此处stay做可数名词用,意为“逗留,停留”。for a short stay相当于for a short time,意为“逗留短暂时间”。
例如: Now many people go to the south for a short stay in winter.现在冬季有很多人去南方暂住一段时间。 stay作为动词,意为“停留,暂住”,指的是“短期豆留”。
如: They stayed there for half an hour. 他们在那里待了个小时。
(4) stay还可意为“继续处于某种状态”,作此意时stay是连系动词,后面跟形容词做表语。
如: We should take more exercise to stay healthy.我们 的应该多锻炼来保持健康。
I told myself that I must stay alive. 我告诉自己我必须活下去。
5. ... and 40 per cent of them live in Zhalong. 其中百分之四十住在扎龙。
【考点聚焦】
“percent"是英国英语,等于percent(美国英语),意思是“百分比”,percent of后跟不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式;跟可数名词的复数或代词时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
95 per cent of students have passed the exam. 百分之九十五的学生通过了考试。 6.Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. 一些人想要使湿地变得更小,以便为农场和房星挪出更大的地方。 【考点聚焦】
(1) make the wetlands smaller"“使湿地变得更小”,为“make sb/sth+形容词”结构,应注意形容词与前面名词或代词的搭配。
Our teacher tries to make us interested in English.我们的老师尽量使我们对英语感兴趣。 We all hope to make the activity interesting.我们都希望使这次活动有趣。
(2)space用作名词时,除了“空间”讲之外,还有“太空;空地;空处”等意。
People have travelled through space to the moon.人们已经由太空旅行到了
There is no space for another chair in this room.这房间没有再放一把椅子的地方了。 Is there a parking space behind your building?你们家的楼后面有停车场吗?
7.This will lead to less and less space for wildlife. 这就会导致野生生物的空间将会越来越少。 【考点聚焦】
(1)句中的lead to是短语动词,意为“导致”。lead的过去式是led.
如: This led to great confusion. 此事导致了很大的混乱。
(2)less and less意思是“越来越少”,修饰不可数名词space,其反义词组是more and more.
如: Save energy and it'll produce less and less pollution.节约能源,就会产生越来越少的污染。 More and more people find it important to learn English well.越来越多的人感觉到,学好英语是很重要的。 He didn't work hard, so he made less and less money.他工作不努力,因此他赚的钱越来越少了。 less and less也可以用在多音节形容词之前。
如:To get more information is less and less difficult with the help of computer. 在电脑的帮助下,获得更多信息越来越容易了。
【典例】 It's important for us to protect nature because we_______its rich resources to live. A. depend on B. leave for C. give up D. lead to
答案:A解析本题考直动词短语的辩析。句意为,对于我们来说,保护好自然很重要,因为我们依靠它的资源来生存。depend on依靠,依赖:leave for去... .”give up放弃:;lead to通向,导致。故选A。 8.Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. 如今中国政府已经制定了法律来阻止扎龙地区这些事件的发生。
【考点聚焦】
(1) 该句中的谓语部分用的是现在完成时态,表示“制定出一些法规和政策”这个动作已经完成。
We have had lunch. 我们已经吃过午饭了。
(2) 句中的不定式to prevent all these things 作状语,表示目的。
To protect our environment, we should save energy。为了保护环境,我们应该节约能源。 (3)"prevent"是及物动词,,意思是“预防,阻止,防止”,之后接名词或代词作宾语。 (4) prevent后面可以接“形容词性物主代词+ing”结构。
Of course, we can't prevent your going.不能阻止你去。
(5) prevent sb from doing sb"是固定结构,意思是“阻止某人做某事”。
如: Nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.什么也阻止不了我们达到目的。
【易错警醒】我们学过的句型stop...from doing sth(from可以省略)以及keep... from doing sth.同样表示“阻止.....做某事”的意思。所不同的是,在“keep... from doing sth"句型中from不可以省略;因为如果省略了from 后"keep...doing sth'表示的意思是“....直做某事”。
9.We record their types and changes in their numbers. 我们记是它们的种类和数量的变化情况. 【考点聚焦】
a.句中record作动词,意为“记录,记载:录制,录音”。
His words were recorded.他的话被录下来了。
You should record all your expenses during your trip.你应该记下你一-路所有的开支。 b.record还可作名词,意为“记录,记载”。指把易忘却的或证明事实的材料准确地记录下来,也可指录音、录像等。
如: My mother keeps a record of our daily expenses.我妈妈将日常开销都记录下来。
She set a new world record for the high jump.她创下跳高新的世界纪录。
10.We are now inviting them to help us. 我们正邀请们帮忙。
【考点聚焦】invite作及物动词,意为“邀请”,后接动词不定式作语补足语,即invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”。
He didn't invite me to play basketball with him.,他没有邀请我和他一起打篮球。
11.stop something from happening 阻止某事发生
【考点聚焦】
stop意为“阻止 ,阻挠”,常用于stop..(from) doing意为“阻止....做某事”,其中from可以省略,且如可用prevent或keep替换。
如:Please stop the children swimming in the deep water别让孩子们在深水区游泳
You must stop her telling them.你必须阻止她把这件事告诉他们。
三、重点语法
动词不定式作目的状语
1.动词不定式作目的状语主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在动词前面加in order to或so as to,意为“为了,目的是”。如:
He stopped to ask the way.他停下来问路。
I will sit in the front in order to hear more clearly. 为了听得更清楚,我要坐在前面。
2.动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。如:
I wrote it down in order not to forget. 为了不忘记,我把它写了下来。
3.由in order to引导的目的状语,既可以置于句首,也可以置于句尾,而由so as to引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾,不能置于句首。如:
They started early in order to / so as to get there in time.
为了及时赶到那里,他们很早就出发了。
In order to get there in time,they started early.
4.动词不定式的复合结构作目的状语
当不定式有自己的主语时,要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式前加for+.g词或代词宾格)作状语。如:
He opened the door for the children to come in.
为了让孩子们进来,他打开了门。
动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式充当宾语补足语时,表示的是宾语所发出的动作,或用来表示宾语的状态、特性、身份等。构成“动词+宾语+不定式”,主要有以下几种:
1.动词+宾语+to do,否定形式为:动词+宾语+not to do。这类动词主要有want、wish、ask、tell、advise、 allow.encourage,invite,need,order,warn,like,hate,teach、expect、get等。如:
My teacher told us to wear school uniforms. 老师叫我们穿校服。
Please ask them not to make noise.请叫他们别吵了。
2.感官动词和使役动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
这类动词有:感官动词hear、feel、see、watch、notice等;使役动词let、make、have。如:
I saw her open the door.我看见她开了门。
You can let the boy go first.你可以让那个男孩先走。
3.动词help后面的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to。如:
I often help my mother(to)do housework. 我经常帮母亲做家务。