高考英语一轮复习小题强化练习专题13语法填空（含解析）

这是一份高考英语一轮复习小题强化练习专题13语法填空（含解析），共35页。试卷主要包含了 and【解析】考查连词， its考查代词，【答案】t jurney，【答案】held，【答案】ppulatins等内容，欢迎下载使用。

专题13 语法填空高考真题练
2022全国乙卷
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 （address）the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 （large）tea-producing country, China has a 65 （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 （share）future for mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued（发布）at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68 （strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 （invite）twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening 70 （it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
体裁：说明文 主题：人与社会 —— 国际茶日
【语篇导读】 文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
【段意梳理】
第一段：介绍国际茶日的具体时间。
第二段：中国文化促进会的主席在第一个国际茶日的致辞。
第三段：第一个国际茶日的倡议。
第四和五段：国际茶日所做出的宣传与推广。
61. by【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
62. the【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
63. addressed 【解析】考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
64. largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
65. responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
66. shared【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
67. and【解析】考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
68. To strengthen【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
69. inviting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
70. its考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。

2022全国甲卷
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
61.【答案】to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
62. 【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在这1100公里的旅程中，这位在8岁时因车祸而失明的男子曹胜康穿越了三个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
63.【答案】held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
64.【答案】protection
【解析】考查冠词。句意：他的一个朋友吴凡自愿在旅途中与他作伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
65.【答案】
【解析】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
66.【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
67.【答案】has walked
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
68.【答案】highest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
69.【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步返回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
70.【答案】planning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步返回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。

2022新高考卷
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). __56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ___65___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案与解析】
56.【答案】Covering
【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中以及有一谓语动词作非谓语“will be”，且无连词，动词cover需要用非谓语的形式。cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。本句句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。故填Covering。
57.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。本句的结构为：倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length ...)＋of B，表示“是B（大小/重量/长度...）的多少倍。本句句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。故填the。
58.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句讲的是过去未受保护，所以要用一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。本句句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。故填were。
59.【答案】to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中已经有一个谓语动词“will extend”，剩下的这个“increase”作非谓语，由句意可知，increase在此处表示目的，应用动词的不定式的形式。本句句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。故填to increase。
60.【答案】is designed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。本句句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，维护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。故填is designed。
61.【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。设空处无提示词，且前后为并列关系，应用and，连接三个指导原则 “protecting..., ,preserving ..., and leaving ...”。本句句意。大熊猫保护区(GPNP)旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。故填and。
62.【答案】populations
考查名词。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式，注意population为可数名词。本句句意：大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的的主要目标是改善大熊猫独立种群和家园之间的联系，并最终达到野外种群的理想水平。故填populations。
63.【答案】eventually
【解析】 考查副词。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。本句句意：大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的的主要目标是改善大熊猫独立种群和家园之间的联系，并最终达到野外种群的理想水平。
。故填eventually。
64.【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。固定短语：serve as (充当)。本句句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。故填as。
65.【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。（语法知识点：当先行词指物，且被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时，只使用that不用which引导。）本句句意：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并大大改善该地区的生态系统健康。故填that。

2021新高考一卷
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
[解析]
[分析]本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物一云海， 温泉以及台阶。
[56题详解]
考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应
用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
[57题详解]
考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山项看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human
是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
[58题详解]
考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填
undoubedly.
[59题详解]
考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the+
比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越....越 ....。故填hotter.
[60题详解]
考查形容词。句意:但大自然就是这样一一总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说
明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished.
[61题详解]
考查-般过去时。句意:你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，
“how hard it__ 61_ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place"作wonder的宾语，it 是从句的
形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去
时。故填was.
[62题详解]
考查连词。句意:虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情， 但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一
个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，"highights the whole adventure”与“ofers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and.
[63题详解]
考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了
一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修
饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching.
[64题详解]
考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。
对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory"可知，本枸为does指代前-旬
的stick,本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory.故填mine.
[65题详解]
考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定 要去的地方。must 作名词时，意为“绝对必要的
事物”，为河数名词，此处泛指“-个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must 是以辅音音素开头的词，应
用a.故填a.

2020新高考一卷
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 （wealth）people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 （form）the core collection of the British Museum 39 opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40 （call）galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41 （be）on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imagine 42 （they） living at a different time in history or 43 （walk）through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44 （accurate）is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
36. wealthy 37. or 38. formed 39. which/that 40. are called
41. is 42. themselves 43. walking 44. accuracy 45. for
2021新高考二卷
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】36. seventh
37. thinking
38. to educate
39. which##that
40. and 41. harmful
42. excited
43. was 44. representative
45. the
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
【36题详解】
考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，____3____ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ____4____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。 特指“1200个航班的塑料杯”，用定冠词，所以填the。

2020新高考二卷
These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 56 （begin）computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 57 （education）computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a 58 （require）for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most 59 （profession）
The Digital World is a set of volumes 60 aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores 61 wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 62 discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics 63 （be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers 64 （encourage）to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of 65 （we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
36．to begin
37．educational
38．requirement 39．professions
40．that/which
41．a
42．and
43．is
44．are encouraged
45．our
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，10 到 12 岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，
这些都很常见。本题考查“
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”结构，该结构it 作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故
填 to begin。
37．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，电脑游戏越来越受欢迎，主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发教育电脑程序。修
饰名词 computer programs，前用形容词形式。故填educational。
38．考查名词。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机已成
为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后接名词作宾语，根据前面的不定冠词a 可知，用名词的单数形式。故
填 requirement。
39．考查名词的数。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机
已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession为可数名词，根据前面的most修饰可知用复数形式。故填
professions。
40．考查定语从句。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质
及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which 或 that引导。
故填 that/which。
41．考查冠词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了他们对
日常生活的影响。a range of一套；一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填 a。
42．考查连词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了他们对
日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系，所以用连词and。故填 and。
43．考查主谓一致。句意：因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的，所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工
具的一个示例，并解释技术的基本原理。
the number of……的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用单数。
根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填is。
44．考查语态。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与
encourage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
45．考查代词。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词 Further10 / 11
Resources section，前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。

2021全国一卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61 (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 63 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 65 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
l Minimize the impact of 67 (visit) the place.
l Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
l Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
l Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】61. educated
62. development
63. its 64. until
65. the 66. of
67. visiting
68. financial
69. activities
70. to have
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
【63题详解】
考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
【64题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
【66题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
【67题详解】
考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
【68题详解】
考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填activities。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。

2020全国一卷
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct)＂ Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】61. touched
62. extremely
63. where 64. interest
65. than 66. to find
67. means 68. is constructed
69. much 70. its
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
【61题详解】
.考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
【63题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
【64题详解】
考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
【66题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
【67题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
【68题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
【69题详解】
考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
【70题详解】
考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。

2019全国一卷
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】61. that
62. poorly 63. of/for
64. to perform
65. have report
66. belief 67. noting
68. higher 69. the
70. are
【解析】
本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
【61题详解】
考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence内容，故填that。
【62题详解】
考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
【63题详解】
考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“…的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。
【65题详解】
考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
【66题详解】
考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
【68题详解】
考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
【69题详解】
考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
【70题详解】
考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。

2018全国一卷
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise…it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
【分析】本文讲述跑步的好处：根据医学杂志上的一项证据，跑步者比不跑步的人多活三年．每天只要跑5到10分钟，就能降低罹患心脏病和各种原因导致的早亡风险．跑步既便宜又容易，而且总是充满活力．
【解答】
61． longer，考查比较级，后面有than，所以用比较级．
62． to see，考查不定式，作目的状语，所以用不定式．
63． dying，考查动名词，介词of后跟动名词作宾语．
64． is，考查主谓一致，主语为it，所以用第三人称单数谓语．
65． than，考查固定搭配，前面有比较级more effective，所以用than．
66． that/which，考查定语从句，先行词为study，在定语从句中作主语，所以用which或that引导．
67． causes，考查名词的数，cause "原因"，为可数名词，前面有all，所以用复数．
68． strengthen，考查动词，作目的状语，用不定式，前面有to，所以用动词原形．
69． energetic，考查形容词，作表语，所以用形容词．
70． it/running，考查名词或代词，指代前面提到的running，可以用running，作宾语，也可以用it．

2017全国一卷
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease---the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food
67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
　【分析】本文讲述了医学界引领了一种低脂少盐的食品业潮流，谁知却带来了违背初衷的副作用﹣﹣超重和心脏病．原来是因为脂肪和盐是人体消化食物所需的成分，没有了它们，人们就会因此吃更多的东西来弥补，而且会吃更多垃圾食品．因此我们需要适当摄入脂肪和盐分，但也不要太多，否则也不利于健康．
【解答】61．as 62．effects 63．to process 64．are removed 65．a 66．worse 67．is 68．eating 69．careful 70．which
【解析】
61．as 本题主要考查介词．结合句意"这一趋势是由医学界发起用来对抗心脏病的"可知，此处应表达的是"作为一种对抗心脏病的方法"，故此处应填入介词 as，故正确答案为 as．
62．effects 本题主要考查名词单复数．由空格前的 some 可知，此处应使用 effect 的复数形式 effects．故正确答案为 effects．
63．to process 本题主要考查动词不定式．根据本句后半段的 to recover 可知，此处也应使用不定式，故此处填入 to process，故正确答案为 to process．
64．are removed 本题主要考查被动语态．结合句意"当把脂肪和盐从食物中去掉时，食物尝起来就好像缺少了什么"可知，fat and salt 和动词 remove 是被动关系，故此处应使用被动语态，故正确答案为 are removed．
65．a 本题主要考查固定搭配．as a result 为固定搭配，意为"结果是；因此"，故此处应填入 a，故正确答案为 a．
66．worse 本题主要考查比较级．结合上下文可知，此处应表达的是"更糟的是"，故此处应填入 bad 的比较级 worse，故正确答案为 worse．
67．is 本题主要考查时态．结合全文时态可知，此处应使用一般现在时．fast food 为单数，故此处应填入 is，故正确答案为 is．
68．eating，查动名词形式，由于by属于介词，介词后应该使用动名词形式，意思是"通过吃快餐"，而不是被吃，不需要使用被动语态，此处应是主动语态，故答案为eating．
69．careful 本题主要考查形容词．结合句意及空格前的 be 可知此处应填入的是形容词，故此处应填入的是 care 的形容词形式 careful，故正确答案为 careful．
70．which 本题主要考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知，主句主谓完整，定语从句缺少主语且从句前有逗号，故此处应填入关系代词 which，故正确答案为 which．

2021全国甲卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It 41 (build) originally to protect the city 42 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 43 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 44 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 45 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 46 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 47 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 48 way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 49 (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 50 (day) routines.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者游览西安长城的活动。
41. was built考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
42．in/during考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。
43．to walk 考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
44．spending考查动名词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语。故填spending。
45．better考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
46．hired考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
47．but考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
48．the考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
49．watchtowers考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。
50．daily考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。

2020全国二卷
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a ___61___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___62___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth ___63___ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more ___64___ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times ___65___ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ___66___ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ___67___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___68___ (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___69___ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are _____70_____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.

【答案】61. celebration
62. carries
63. coming 64. than
65. decorated
66. Certainly
67. with 68. to care
69. beautiful
70. the
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年寓意。
【61题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
【62题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
【64题详解】
考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
【65题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
【66题详解】
考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
【67题详解】
考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
【68题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
【69题详解】
考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
【70题详解】
考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。

2019全国二卷
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
【答案】61. being
62. which 63. finally
64. declared
65. to retire
66. have made
67. but 68. saying
69. a 70. wonderful
【解析】
本文为记叙文。讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她被颁发 “年度女士”称号。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
【62题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
【63题详解】
考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
【64题详解】
考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
【65题详解】
考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…的计划”，故填to retire。
【66题详解】
考查动词时态。根据该定于从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
【67题详解】
考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是…而是 …”之意，故填but。
【68题详解】
考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。
【69题详解】
考查冠词用法。根据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑” 可知，此处joke为泛指，故填a。
【70题详解】
考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。

2018全国二卷
Diets have changed in China – and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 – when the government 68 (start) a soil – testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers – and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.

【分析】本文讲述中国的饮食习惯发生了变化，中国的主要作物也发生了变化．人们对肉类的偏好导致中国种植的玉米比水稻多．玉米的一个重要部分被用来喂鸡、猪和牛．玉米比水稻耗水量更少，肥料的流失也更少．这一转变减少了中国主要湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全．中国在保护环境的同时，也为全球的农业和食品政策制定者提供了有益的教训．
【解答】
61． has grown，考查时态，since 2011 和现在完成时态连用．
62． the，考查冠词，特指用定冠词the，此处特指过去的25年．
63． actually，考查副词，修饰句子用副词．
64． to improve，考查不定式，作目的状语用不定式．
65． than，考查固定搭配，前面有比较级less，所以用than进行比较．
66． pollution，考查名词，作宾语，所以用名词，pollution，为不可数名词，无复数．
67． global，考查形容词，修饰名词用形容词．
68． started，考查时态，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态．
69． that/which，考查定语从句，先行词为program，在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导．
70．feeding，考查现在分词，句子主语和feed之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语．

2017全国二卷
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines ___65__ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__ (fair) unpleasant for the passsengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.
Later, engineers ____68___ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【分析】本文介绍了伦敦地铁的发展过程和速度，伦敦地铁从1863年开始到1900年已经发展的很成功.
【解答】
61. crowds 考查名词. 根据句意：它跑了不到七公里，让人们避开在上面的道路上可怕的人群. crowd 名词人群，道路是拥挤的人群用复数形式crowds.
62. from 考查固定短语. to and from是英语的固定搭配"从某地来回"根据句意：当他们往来时. 所以答案填from.
63. laying 考查非谓语. 分析句子可知digging，buiding与lay是include并列的宾语，所以用动词的ing形式.
64. the 考查冠词. 本句是介绍地铁的建筑方法，最后封顶特指地铁的顶部，所以用定冠词the.
65. were used 考查被动语态. 根据句意：蒸汽发动机被运用，主语是steam engines，所以用被动语态，were used.
66. fairly 考查副词. 根据句意：对于顾客来说那一定是相当不愉快的. 此处用副词fairly修饰形容词unpleasant.
67. it 考查代词. 本句中用it来指代改进的这个地铁，多于25，000 的人们每天都用地铁. 所以答案填it.
68. managed 考查时态. 句意：后来，工程师们设法在深隧道系统中修建铁路. 后文which became known as the tube用的是一般过去时. 根据前后时态一致的原则也要用过去时.
69. introduction 考查名词. 根据句意：这种发展只有引进才有可能. intruduction名词"引进，采用".
70. successful 考查形容词. 根据句意：伦敦中部铁路是这些线路中最成功的一条. most后跟形容词组成形容词的最高级，most successful 是"最成功的"，所以答案填successful.

2020全国三卷
In ancient China lived an artist___61___ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ___62___ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would___63___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with ___64___ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. ___65___ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___66___ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out ___67___ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, ___68___ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds___69___ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ____70____ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】61. whose
62. finest 63. be chosen
64. curiosity
65. When/As
66. pointed
67. to find
68. gently 69. surrounding
70. On
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生，有一天他将画送给宰相时，这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
【62题详解】
考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
【63题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
【64题详解】
.考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
【65题详解】
考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
【66题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
【68题详解】
考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
【69题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
【70题详解】
考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。

2019全国三卷
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】61. so 62. to get
63. of 64. who
65. recommended
66. competition
67. traditional
68. hugely 69. were
70. listening
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后收到的礼遇，主人热情招待他们，还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
【61题详解】
考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此…以至于…”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
【62题详解】
考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。
【63题详解】
考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
【64题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
【65题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommeded。
【66题详解】
考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
【67题详解】
考查形容词。空格修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。
【68题详解】
考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
【69题详解】
考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
【70题详解】
考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。

2018全国三卷
I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65 (challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.

【分析】本文讲述我是一个研究动物的科学家，比如猿和猴子．还讲述了我和大猩猩相遇及相处的情况．
【解答】
61．who，考查宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，逗号后面是me or the gorilla，并且后文用her来指代猩猩，将其拟人化了，因此用"who"．
62．the，考查固定搭配，at the top of在…的顶端．
63．loudest，考查最高级，后面有表示范围的词of all，所以用最高级．
64．looking，考查动名词，avoid doing sth避免做某事．
65．challenged，考查形容词，作表语，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词．
66．scientist，考查名词，后跟定语从句，关系词用who，所以先行词为人．
67．for，考查固定搭配，search for寻找．
68．them，考查人称代词，作宾语，所以用宾格代词．
69．meant，考查时态，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态．
70．to stay，考查不定式，allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事．


2017全国三卷
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as 62 model in New York.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter 44, want her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model my more.”
【分析】短文主要讲了Sarah在坚持自己的模特事业的同时，也兼顾好自己的学业，在事业和学业上双丰收．
【解答】
61．resting，考查固定搭配，spend some time doing sth．"花费时间做某事"，因此应使用rest的动名词形式resting．
62．a，考查冠词，model是可数名词，前应使用冠词a．
63．has been told/was told，考查谓语动词，此处Sarah已经是别人告诉她的了，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，第二种答案此处表示Sarah已经被告知她能成为英国的超模，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态也可以，故答案为has been told/was told．
64．who，考查定语从句的引导词，先行词是Sarah，因此引导定语从句应使用who．
65．to prove，考查固定搭配want to do sth．，故答案为to prove．
66．education，考查名词，形容词性物主代词her后应使用educate的名词形式．
67．invitations，考查名词的复数，several用来修饰可数名词复数，invite的名词形式为invitation，其复数形式为invitations．
68．in，考查介词，表示"…的学位"应使用介词in．
69．comes，考查谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，因此使用一般现在时，主语是单数，故答案为comes．
70．certainly，考查副词，此处应使用副词certainly修饰谓语．