高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点03 阅读理解之猜词题（含解析）

这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点03 阅读理解之猜词题（含解析），共27页。

查补易混易错03 阅读理解之猜词题


新高考卷
全国卷

2022
2021
2022
2021

卷I
卷II
卷I
卷II
乙卷
甲卷
乙卷
甲卷
细节理解题
6
7
8
8
8
8
6
5
推理判断题
7
5
5
5
5
3
6
8
词义猜测题
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
主旨大意题
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1


题型特点
词义猜测题是历年高考必考题型。常见的考查形式有：①猜测某个词、短语或句子的含义；②推断某个常见的多义词或短语在具体语境下的意思；③判断文中的某个代词指代的对象；④解释英语中特定的表达（谚语、俚语等）。　
正确选项特征
1. 相应词语的同义词语。
2.对相应语句、语块的解释、复述或概括。
干扰选项特征
1. 对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
2. 半对半错。
3. 曲解原意。
常见的设问方式有：
Which of the following has the closest meaning to“…."?
Which of the following can replace the word“…."?
What does the underlined word/phrase/expression“.…”refer to/mean?
Who does“."refer to in the text?

技巧1通过定义来猜测词义
本技巧适用于所猜生词或短语后有句子(往往用定语从句或同位语从句)对其下定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号、括号中的内容对其加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落就可以推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词为:be, mean, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify等。
【例】The schools are reluctant to take time off----even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.
What does the underlined word "reluctant" probably mean?
A.Kind. B. Unwilling. C.Free. D. Careless.
【解析】根据破折号后的 even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off可知, 甚至手中有英格兰与阿根廷对决比赛的球票的教师们也很难有放假时间。由此可以推断出前面的“ reluctant'”一词意为“不情愿的”。故选B项。
技巧2 通过同位关系来猜测词义
构成同位关系的两部分之间通常用连接词连接，有时也使用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号、括号或同位语。常用的信息词或表达有：or, similarly, also, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say等。
【天津2020年5月·C】 There'' s also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.
47. The expression "added bonus"refers to the fact that electric planes____________.
A. give passengers more pleasant views B. bring airlines more financial benefits
C. offer more enjoyable flying experiences D. cost less in maintenance than traditional one
【解析】根据画线词后that引导的同位语从句 electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in和后文中的 No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.可知，电动飞机的航程更舒,因为没有发动机的噪音,没有燃油的味道,只有环保的宁静。由此可推知,
added bonus应指电动飞机带来的“额外的好处”，即给乘客带来更舒适的飞行体验。故选C项。
技巧3 通过转折或对比关系来猜测词义
如果一个句子或段落中有对两个事物或现象进行对比的描述，可以根据画线词的反义词猜测其词义。表示转折关系的词主要有but, however, otherwise, though等；表示对比关系的标志性词语有 while, in contrast, unlike, on the other hand等。
【全国Ⅱ 2020·C】 The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. What does the underlined word "collapsed" in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable D. Crashed.
【解析】根据画线词前的 The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades可知，几十年来海狸鼠的数量都因毛皮交易而得到良好控制；再结合画线词后的… multiplied like crazy可知，后来海狸鼠又泛滥成灾，并可推断出造成这一现象的原因是毛皮交易市场生意惨淡，人们对海狸鼠毛皮的需求下降。由此可猜测,，collapse的意思是“垮掉”，与 crash意义相近。A项意为“繁荣”;B项意为“发展成熟”;C项意为“维持稳定”。因此，A、B、C项均不符合语境。故选D项。
技巧4 通过因果关系来猜测词义
该方法是根据前后的因果关系来推断画线词或短语的意思。可由表示原因的句意推测出表示结果的句子中的某个词或短语的意思，即由因推果；也可由表示结果的句意推测出表示原因的句子中的某个词或短语的意思，即由果推因。表示因果关系的词有 because, since, so that, so/ such...that…, therefore等。
【例】The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.
What does the underlined part in the text probably mean?
A. A cap. B. A car. C. A home. D. A covering.
【解析】猜测画线部分意思的关键在于对“so”一词的理解。根据前文中的信息可知，那些无家可归的人们可能没了工作，从而无法支付房租；利用因果关系可知，无法支付
房租就会没有房子住，因此画线部分应是“房子；家”的意思。故选C项。
技巧5 通过文章中的举例来猜测词义
有时，作者为了使读者更好地理解文中的生词或短语，往往在这些词或短语后附加一些具体的例子，从而使读者更透彻地理解文章。所以，考生可依据词或短语后的例子猜测其含义。
【例】On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens,ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.
【解析】根据 such as后面列举的一系列例子可以推断出，句中的 poultry意为“家禽”
技巧6 通过上下文语境来猜测词义
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行符合逻辑的综合分析，并依此来推测词义，这是一种重要的阅读方法。
【全国Ⅲ 2020·B】Yet“Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.
One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on
more than 2,000 productions this year.
26. What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on"in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally. C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
【解析】根据画线词前 which引导的定语从句可知，这一非营利性组织的职能是监督动物在电影拍摄等娱乐节目制作的过程中是如何被对待的。山此可推知，此处指今年这一组织正在密切关注2,000多个节目的制作过程。故可推断，画线部分意为“密切注意”。故选D项
技巧7 通过代词所指代的内容猜测词义
代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中。找到指代的内容后，把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。
【浙江2020年7月·B】Less traffic at9:37 am could push it down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the
signals changes.That is by design.
25. What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.
【解析】That指代的应是前文中提到的事物，故根据第一段最后一句 Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.可知，That指的是交通信号灯的时间可以灵活变动这件事，故选C项。
技巧8 通过构词法猜测词义
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以根据构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
(1)、根据前缀或后缀猜测词义。
如:前缀co-表示“共同;一起”；后缀-ise/-ize表示“使成为……；使…化”等。
Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?
【解析】根据词根 educational(教育的)，再结合前缀co-(共同；一起)，可以猜出co- educational的意思是“男女同校的”。
(2)、根据复合词的各部分猜测词义。
We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most craft(手艺) no longer exists.
【解析】根据合成词中的mass(大量的)和 produce(生产)可推测，mass- produced的意思是“大批生产的；规模生产的”。
(3)、根据单相关词性的含义猜测变换词性后新词的含义。
I had first known she was wrong. Her anxiety had clouded her judgment.
【解析】 cloud作名词时，意为“云”，在句中作动词。分析语境可知，焦虑会影响一个人的判断，因此 cloud在此表示“把……搞糊涂；模糊…”
技巧9 通过生活经验和生活常识猜测词义
英语阅读理解选择的素材具有时代性、新颖性和生活性的特点，尤其强调选择一些与学生生活息息相关的素材。因此生活经历或与日常生活有关的常识往往可以帮助考生更准确地猜测句中生词的含义。
【全国Ⅱ 2018 B】If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out
comes a "soft-serve" creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
26. What is "a juicer" in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink C. A container D. A machine.
【解析】根据画线词后的 feed in, Out comes.及 they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine以及常识可知，juicer是一种机器，意为“榨汁机”，故选D项。 dessert意为“甜品” drink意为“饮料”; container意为 容器”; machine意为“机器”

（一）
（2022年·北京高考真题）Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
1．Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A．sympathetic B．unconcerned C．doubtful D．excited
2．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field.
C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies.
3．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.
4．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【参考答案】
1．A    2．C    3．A    4．D

【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
【详情解析】
1．【A】推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
2．【C】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
3．【A】词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
4．【D】主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
（二）
（2022年全国新高考I卷真题）The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
5．What is the purpose of the project?
A．To ensure harmony in care homes. B．To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C．To raise money for medical research. D．To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
6．How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A．She has learned new life skills. B．She has gained a sense of achievement.
C．She has recovered her memory. D．She has developed a strong personality.
7．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
8．What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A．It is well received. B．It needs to be more creative.
C．It is highly profitable. D．It takes ages to see the results.
【参考答案】
5．D    6．B    7．C    8．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【详情解析】
5．【D】细节理解题。根据第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况。)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了减少孤独和提高老年人的幸福感。故选D项。
6．【B】推理判断题。根据第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好。)”可知，Ruth Xavier很享受做这些事，她觉得自己在做有用的事，这能够给她来良好的感觉，因此可知通过该项目她获得了一种成就感。故选B项。
7．【C】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embark on意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。
8．【A】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说：“我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来。”)”可知，该项目得到了居民们的认可，大家很欢迎这个项目，而且这个项目将会带来一些好处，因此可知这个项目的反响很好，很受欢迎。故选A项。
（三）
（2023年浙江1月份高考真题）A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
9．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the use of a software program. B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater. D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
10．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
11．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A．Create rules. B．Comprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently. D．Identify difficult words.
12．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【参考答案】
9．B    10．C    11．B    12．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
【详情解析】
9．【B】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。故选B。
10．【C】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
11．【B】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义，故选B。
12．【A】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
（四）
（2023届广西南宁市高中毕业班第一次适应性测试）On February 13, 2023, Wu Yibing made history, beating John Isner in a thrilling three-set final at the Dallas Open to become the first man from China to win an ATP title（ATP巡回赛冠军）.
Brought to a tennis court for the first time at just five, initially encouraged by his parents as an exercise to lose weight, Wu soon had his talent discovered by his provincial junior team, kicking off a journey that would change the fate of men's tennis in China. In 2017,Wu Yibing shot to prominence after winning the US Open boys’ tournament at 18 to become the first Chinese to win a major junior title, raising high hopes for the “Wonder Boy” to change the fortune of Chinese men in a sport long dominated by women's success on the professional stage.
In 2018, Wu won his first ATP Challenger title in Shanghai. However, the highly competitive nature of men’s professional tennis hit the rising Wu with a tough reminder after multiple injuries-to his elbow, lower back, shoulder and wrist-forced him to be away from the ATP Tour for close to three years.
He made his return last year and won three ATP Challenger titles before qualifying for the US Open. “Looking back, I feel like I wouldn't have been here if not for the ups and downs over the past few years. I take all the setbacks and struggles as a lesson that helps me mature mentally now,” said Wu.  “Of course there were a lot of doubts because I had surgery and the recovery wasn’t going well. The championship today was a payoff for all the hard work and everyone who’s supported me along the way.”
13．What do the underlined words “shot to prominence” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Lost weight. B．Came back to the top. C．Became famous instantly. D．Dropped out of the competition.
14．Why was Wu absent from the ATP Tour for nearly three years?
A．He wanted to change his career. B．He suffered from serious physical injuries.
C．He didn’t stand out in training for the match. D．He couldn't handle the pressure of the ATP Tour.
15．What can we learn from Wu Yibing's statement?
A．No sweat, no sweet. B．Time waits for no man.
C．Well begun is half done. D．Strike while the iron is hot.
16．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The significance of ATP title. B．The development of Chinese tennis.
C．The power of difficulty for athletes. D．The first Chinese male champion of ATP.
【参考答案】
13．C    14．B    15．A    16．D
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了吴易昺夺得了 ATP 巡回赛冠军， 创中国网球新历史。
【详情解析】
13．【C】词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“In 2017,Wu Yibing shot to prominence after winning the US Open boys’tournament at 18 to become the first Chinese to win a major junior title, raising high hopes for the “Wonder Boy” to change the fortune of Chinese men in a sport long dominated by women's success on the professional stage.”（可知， 2017 年， 18 岁的吴易昺赢得了美国男子公开赛冠军，成为了首位赢得重要青少年锦标赛冠军的中国人，这使得人们对这位“神奇男孩”寄予厚望，希望他能在这项长期由女性主导的职业运动中改变中国男网的命运。）由此可知， 划线词表示“一举成名”。故选C。
14． 【B】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“However, the highly competitive nature of men's professional tennis hit the rising Wu with a tough reminder after multiple injuries-to his elbow, lower back, shoulder and wrist-forced him to be away from the ATP Tour for close to three years.”（然而，男子职业网球残酷的竞争特性打击了正处于上升期的吴易昺，他的肘部、下背部、肩膀和手腕多处受伤， 这迫使他离开 ATP 巡回赛近三年。）可知， 因为参加职业网球残酷的竞争，使得吴易昺的肘部、下背部、肩膀和手腕多处受伤， 这迫使他离开 ATP 巡回赛近三年。故选B。
15．【A】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Looking back, I feel like I wouldn't have been here if not for the ups and downs over the past few years. I take all the setbacks and struggles as a lesson that helps me mature mentally now,” said Wu.   “Of course there were a lot of doubts because I had surgery and the recovery wasn't going well. The championship today was a payoff for all the hard work and everyone who's supported me along the way.” （吴易昺表示，如果不是过去几年的起起伏伏，他就不会站在这里。他把所有的挫折和挣扎都视为一种帮助他在精神上成熟起来的财富。当然还有很多质疑的声音，因为他做了手术，且康复治疗进行得不太顺利。但今天的冠军是对他所有努力和每一位支持者的回报。）由此可知，此处他的表达给我们的启发是：没有过去辛勤的付出，就不会有今天的收获。A项“不劳无获”； B 项意为“好的开端是成功的一半”； C 项意为“趁热打铁”； D 项意为“时不待人”。 故选A。
16．【D】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了年少成名的网球运动员吴易昺由于严重受伤退出了 ATP 比赛，在经历三年的治疗康复后，最终复出，创造了中国网球的新历史：成为中国首个获得 ATP 赛达拉斯冠军的男网运动员。故选D。
（五）
（2023届四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟高三第二次联考英语试题）A routine dentist’s tool may help with more than just oral health. A new study has found that dental imaging scanners can serve as portable devices to track the growth of baby corals(珊瑚虫)—a crucial predictor of how reefs will fare(生长)during climate change.
Heat stress can kill mature coral reefs and curtail their regrowth. “Growth, reproduction and survival are the main things that we’re always looking at in terms of how healthy reefs are,” says marine biologist Kate Quigley of the Australian Institute of Marine Science. By modeling baby corals in 3-D, researchers can track how well they branch, develop complex shapes and reach reproducing size. If harsh water conditions make corals grow too slowly, a reef won’t recover.
Corals this small are difficult to model in 3-D; researchers can CT scan them, dip them in wax or laboriously put the measurements together from a commercial 3-D scanner - but these methods can be slow and provide lower-resolution views. So one day, as Quigley’s dentist used a scanning device that focused light to create a detailed 3-D tooth model, Quigley got an idea. If this device could examine the teeth in detail, she thought, it should be able to scan tiny living corals, too—both teeth and coral are calcium-based and wet.
For a study published in Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Quigley tested the scanning device and found that it offered a cheap, easy and portable way to model baby corals significantly faster and at higher resolution than currently available techniques. This tool could let scientists more easily examine how coral species endure stress.
“Baby corals are critical for reef restoration and recovery from disturbances like hurricanes and heat waves. Unfortunately, they are the stages we know least about because they are so difficult to measure accurately without great expense,” says Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology researcher Joshua Madin, who was not involved in the study. “This paper is a great example of taking a mature technology developed in another field and applying it to coral reef science.”
17．Why is it important to study the baby corals?
A．It helps to reduce heat stress. B．It helps to protect the coral reefs.
C．It helps to prevent climate change. D．It helps to improve the marine environment.
18．What does the underlined word “curtail” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Guide. B．Aid. C．Limit. D．Follow.
19．What makes it possible to use dental scanning device to scan the corals?
A．The low price of the scanning devices. B．The similarity between corals and teeth.
C．The excellent skills of the dentists and scientists. D．The assistance of other technologies such as CT scanning.
20．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Improving Scanning Technology B．Fighting Against Climate Change
C．Saving Coral Reefs with Dental Tech D．Protecting Marine Life with Advanced Scanners
【参考答案】
17．B    18．C    19．B    20．C
【语篇解读】
本文是说明文。本文介绍了将牙科检测仪器用于监测珊瑚幼虫生长情况的方法。
【详情解析】
17． 【B】细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new study has found that dental imaging scanners can serve as portable devices to track the growth of baby corals—a crucial predictor of how reefs will fare during climate change.(一项新的研究发现，牙科成像扫描仪可以作为跟踪小珊瑚生长的便携式设备，这是气候变化期间珊瑚礁如何发展的关键预测器)”以及最后一段中“Baby corals are critical for reef restoration and recovery from disturbances like hurricanes and heat waves.(珊瑚幼崽对于珊瑚礁的恢复和从飓风和热浪等干扰中恢复至关重要)”可知，检测珊瑚幼虫的生长情况，对于保护珊瑚礁有着重要作用。故选B。
18．【C】词句猜测题。根据前文“Heat stress can kill mature coral reefs(热应激会杀死成熟的珊瑚礁)”可知，它会杀死成熟的珊瑚虫，由此推断它对于珊瑚虫的生长也有消极的影响，所以应该和limit“限制”意思相近。故选C项。
19．【B】推理判断题。据第三段“If this device could examine the teeth in detail, she thought, it should be able to scan tiny living corals, too—both teeth and coral are calcium-based and wet.(她认为，如果这种设备能够详细检查牙齿，那么它也应该能够扫描微小的活珊瑚——牙齿和珊瑚都是以钙为基础的，而且是湿的)”可知，之所以能用牙科检测仪器检查珊瑚虫，是因为它们有着相同的性状。故选B项。
20．【C】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A new study has found that dental imaging scanners can serve as portable devices to track the growth of baby corals—a crucial predictor of how reefs will fare during climate change.(一项新的研究发现，牙科成像扫描仪可以作为跟踪小珊瑚生长的便携式设备，这是气候变化期间珊瑚礁如何发展的关键预测器)”以及最后一段中“Baby corals are critical for reef restoration and recovery from disturbances like hurricanes and heat waves.(珊瑚幼崽对于珊瑚礁的恢复和从飓风和热浪等干扰中恢复至关重要)”综合全文大意可知，本文主要介绍了用牙科检查仪器来监测珊瑚幼虫的生长，从而帮助保护珊瑚礁，所以C项“Saving Coral Reefs with Dental Tech(用牙科技术拯救珊瑚礁)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。
（五）
（2023届宁夏银川市第二次诊断性测试英语试卷）For the past three decades, Richard Sears, aged 71, has been dedicated to one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.
His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972, when he was 22, majoring in physics at Portland State University in Oregon. “I realized only 7 percent of the world speak English as a mother tongue. I wondered what it was like to speak another language.” By 1990, Sears was already a fluent Chinese speaker, but did not know how to read. To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes(笔画)and almost no apparent logic.
“I am a physicist, so I don’t like blind memorization in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs(象形文字)and I wanted to know the stories behind them.” In the process of the study, Sears soon realized that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. To pick out the good ones, he decided to computerize the characters, and then scanned about 96,000 ancient characters.
The database of ancient characters came into being, but he wanted to explain the step-by-step evolvement of these characters from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms. He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), where viewers can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms. Between 2002 and 2011, the website would get 11,000 or 15,000 hits a day. Suddenly, in January 2011,clicks to the website went up to 600,000 within one day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname given by Chinese netizens, after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media.
Besides the website, in September last year, Sears set up his studio, focusing on applying AR, animation and artificial intelligence to telling stories of Chinese culture and character origins, in Nanjing as part of the local authority’s plan to cultivate talent in the culture sector. “They have both entertainment value for the young and educational value and can teach the origins of Chinese characters. We also want to make videos with a high educational value for other platforms for Chinese and foreign learners of Chinese characters.” Sears says.
21．What do we know about Richard Sears?
A．He has made an exploration into Chinese characters.
B．He learned Chinese to improve his physics.
C．He was fluent in reading Chinese from the beginning.
D．He was concerned about the spread of his mother tongue.
22．What does the underlined word “ones” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Characters. B．Explanations. C．Pictographs. D．Languages.
23．What can be inferred about Sears’ website?
A．It gained popularity shortly after its establishment.
B．It has made a big profit from netizens visiting it.
C．It concentrates on the simplification of Chinese characters.
D．It bridges the evolvement of Chinese characters to the public.
24．Which of the following best describes Richard Sears?
A．Ambitious and humorous. B．Wise but careless.
C．Enthusiastic and devoted. D．Generous but stubborn.
【参考答案】
21．A    22．B    23．D    24．C
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Richard Sears专注于研究汉字背后的故事。
【详情解析】
21．【A】细节理解题。根据第一段“For the past three decades, Richard Sears, aged 71, has been dedicated to one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.(在过去的三十年里，71岁的Richard Sear一直致力于一件事：讲述中国汉字背后的故事。)”可知，Richard Sears对汉字进行了探索。故选A。
22．【B】词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子前句“In the process of the study, Sears soon realized that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. (在研究过程中，Sears很快意识到许多解释不可能是真的。)”和画线单词所在句子“To pick out the good ones, he decided to computerize the characters, and then scanned about 96,000 ancient characters.(为了挑出好的ones，他决定将这些文字电脑化，然后扫描了大约96,000个古文字。)”可知，在研究的过程中，Sears发现好多解释不是真的，于是他为了挑选好的解释，决定将这些文章电脑化，由此可推知，ones代指上文提到的“解释”，故选B。
23．【D】推理判断题。根据第四段中“He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), where viewers can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms.(2002年，他建立了自己的网站，并将其命名为“汉语词源学”。在这个网站上，观众可以免费查看各种形式的汉字演变情况。)”可推知，Sears的网站将汉字的演变与公众联系起来，即把汉字的演变带给了大众。故选D。
24．【C】推理判断题。根据第一段“For the past three decades, Richard Sears, aged 71, has been dedicated to one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.(在过去的三十年里，71岁的Richard Sear一直致力于一件事：讲述中国汉字背后的故事。)”和第四段中“He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), where viewers can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms.(2002年，他建立了自己的网站，并将其命名为“汉语词源学”。在这个网站上，观众可以免费查看各种形式的汉字演变情况。)”可知，Richard Sears一直专注于研究汉字背后的故事，并致力于建立自己的网站，由此可推知，他是一个富有热情且乐于奉献的人，故选C。
（七）
（2023届甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断考试英语试题）Ministers will offer rewards such as clothes vouchers (票卷) and discounted theme park tickets in return for exercising and eating healthily, under plans to solve Britain’s obesity crisis.
The anti-obesity project, which uses an app to help people make changes to their diet and physical activity, will launch in 2023, initially in a pilot (试验性的) project. Participants will wear Fitbit-style devices that can generate personalized health recommendations, such as increasing their step count, eating more fruit and vegetables and reducing portion (分量) size. Those increasing their exercise by taking part in organized events such as parkruns or walking to school or work may accumulate extra points in the app. The app could also be used to monitor supermarket spending, rewarding those who cut their calorie intake and buy healthier options. Participants will collect points for their healthy behaviors, which will unlock rewards that could include gym passes, clothes or food vouchers and discounts for shops, cinema or theme park tickets.
After a competitive tender (投标) process, HeadUp has been chosen to deliver the project, with 3 million pounds coming from the Department of Health and Social Care to provide incentives in the pilot. Evidence suggests financial incentives can improve rates of physical activity and inspire healthier eating. HeadUp will work with a range of organizations to provide rewards such as the vouchers, discounts and gift cards. Sajid Javid, the health secretary, said: “This new pilot will pave the way for developing innovative ways to improve the lives of individuals, and also help to reduce stress on the National Health Services (NHS). This pilot is an excellent opportunity to find how best to inspire people to make small changes to their daily lives that will have a lasting positive impact on their health. ”
25．What’s the purpose of introducing the anti-obesity project?
A．To protect people’s health. B．To help people save money.
C．To encourage research in education. D．To find a cure for obesity-related illnesses.
26．What can we know from the second paragraph?
A．The project has been proven to be very successful.
B．Participants will unlock the rewards by using the app.
C．Participants will be rewarded if they live a healthy lifestyle.
D．Participants will lose weight when they wear Fitbit-style devices.
27．What does the underlined word “incentives” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Data. B．Suggestions. C．Rewards. D．Products.
28．What’s Sajid Javid’s attitude towards the anti-obesity project?
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Not clear.
【参考答案】
25．A    26．C    27．C    28．B
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述英国部长为解决人们肥胖危机，将为锻炼和健康饮食的人们提供服装代金券和主题公园门票折扣等奖励。
【详情解析】
25．【A】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Ministers will offer rewards such as clothes vouchers (票卷) and discounted theme park tickets in return for exercising and eating healthily, under plans to solve Britain’s obesity crisis.(为解决英国的肥胖危机，部长们将为锻炼和健康饮食的人们提供服装代金券和主题公园门票折扣等奖励。)”与第二段“The anti-obesity project, which uses an app to help people make changes to their diet and physical activity (这个反肥胖项目使用一款应用程序来帮助人们改变饮食和体育活动)”可推知，英国引入反肥胖项目的目的是为了应对肥胖危机，保护人民健康。故选A项。
26．【C】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Participants will wear Fitbit-style devices that can generate personalized health recommendations, such as increasing their step count, eating more fruit and vegetables and reducing portion (分量) size. Those increasing their exercise by taking part in organized events such as parkruns or walking to school or work may accumulate extra points in the app. (参与者将佩戴Fitbit风格的设备，这些设备可以生成个性化的健康建议，比如增加步数，多吃水果和蔬菜，减少份量。那些通过参加有组织的活动来增加锻炼的人，如公园跑步或步行上学或上班，可以在应用程序中累积额外的分数。)”以及“Participants will collect points for their healthy behaviors, which will unlock rewards that could include gym passes, clothes or food vouchers and discounts for shops, cinema or theme park tickets.(参与者将因他们的健康行为而获得积分，这些积分将解锁奖励，包括健身房通行证、衣服或食品券，以及商店、电影院或主题公园门票的折扣。)”可知，如果参与者保持健康的生活方式，他们将获得奖励。故选C项。
27．【C】词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“Evidence suggests financial incentives can improve rates of physical activity and inspire healthier eating.(有证据表明，financial incentives可以提高身体活动率，并鼓励更健康的饮食。)”可知，“financial incentives”可以促使人们去活动和吃更健康的食物。结合上文提到给锻炼的人以相应的奖励可推知，incentive就是指“奖励”，与reward同义。故选C项。
28．【B】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Sajid Javid的话“This new pilot will pave the way for developing innovative ways to improve the lives of individuals, and also help to reduce stress on the National Health Services (NHS). (这项新的试点将为发展创新方式来改善个人生活铺平道路，也有助于减轻国家卫生服务体系(NHS)的压力。)”可推知，Sajid Javid对该项目持积极态度。故选B项。
（八）
（湖北省武汉市2022-2023学年高三2月份质量检测英语试题）Have you ever seen one of the many videos of an elephant grabbing a paintbrush, putting it in paint, and producing a painting similar to something a 5-year-old could create? While watching an elephant paint is an amazing sight, we can’t help but wonder whether the training methods and results reflect animal cruelty.
A 2014 study on four captive (圈养的) Asian elephants at the Melbourne Zoo in Australia sought to identify stress-related behaviors around the activity of painting. While the researchers found that the elephants had a neutral response to painting—not stressful, nor enriching—it seemed that when an elephant was not selected to paint, it displayed non-interactive behavior. This is seen as a possible signal of stress in the animals.
In addition, PETA, a famous animal rights group, has cited several American zoos that use harmful training methods to get elephants to paint, perform tricks, play instruments, and more. Not every zoo that organizes elephant painting uses aggression (攻击) to encourage the elephants. However, PETA argues that animal shelters should not force animals to do tricks at all.
Activist organizations warn that elephants can undergo extreme discomfort in the training process. Furthermore, many of the painting elephants are very young, at an age where they should still be with their mothers. It raises questions about whether there’s a chance they were caught for the express purpose of performing, or if they could somehow be restored to a return to the wild.
It is difficult to support any kind of trained behavior that differs greatly from a wild animal’s natural tendencies. The role of a shelter, ideally, is to allow an animal to live as close to its normal life as possible, perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild; teaching them to paint does not seem to align with that target, particularly if it’s not a learned behavior that the animal would be willing to do independently.
29．What can be safely concluded from the 2014 study?
A．Researchers didn’t collect solid evidence. B．Painting promoted elephants’ interaction.
C．Negative effects of painting were confirmed. D．Elephants made strong responses to painting.
30．What is a concern of activist organizations?
A．Complexity of the training process. B．Purposes of elephants’ performance.
C．Daily activities of captive elephants. D．Potential for elephants’ return to nature.
31．What does the underlined phrase “align with” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Wander off. B．Set up. C．Consist with. D．Go against.
32．What might be the best title for the text?
A．How PETA Helps? B．Why Animal Rights?
C．Should Elephants Paint? D．Should Elephants live in captivity?
【参考答案】
29．A    30．D    31．C    32．C
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“大象绘画”这一现象可能反映了虐待动物的行为，我们不应该强迫动物进行这种训练，而是应该让动物尽可能接近其正常生活，或让它们回归野外。
【详情解析】
29．【A】推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“While the researchers found that the elephants had a neutral response to painting—not stressful, nor enriching—it seemed that when an elephant was not selected to paint, it displayed non-interactive behavior. This is seen as a possible signal of stress in the animals.”（尽管研究人员发现大象对绘画的反应是中性的——既没有压力，也没有丰富——但当大象没有被选中绘画时，它似乎表现出了非互动行为。这被视为动物压力的可能信号。）可知，研究人员发现，当大象没有被选中绘画时，它似乎表现出了非互动行为，但这只被视为动物压力的可能信号，并不是确凿的证据，由此可知，从2014年的研究中可以得出的安全结论是研究人员没有收集到确凿的证据。故选A项。
30．【D】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“It raises questions about whether there’s a chance they were caught for the express purpose of performing, or if they could somehow be restored to a return to the wild.”（这引发了人们的疑问，它们是否有可能因为表演而被抓住，或者它们是否可以以某种方式回到野外。）可知，活动性社团组织担心这些表演的大象是否因为表演而被抓住，它们是否可以回到野外，由此可知，活动性社团组织担心的是大象回归自然的可能性。故选D项。
31．【C】词义猜测题。根据画线短语句中“The role of a shelter, ideally, is to allow an animal to live as close to its normal life as possible, perhaps with an eye to returning the animal to the wild”（理想情况下，庇护所的作用是让动物尽可能接近其正常生活，也许是为了让动物回归野外）可知，庇护所的作用是让动物尽可能接近其正常生活，或让动物回归野外，由此可知，教它们画画与这个目标不一致，“Consist with”意为“和……一致”，能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。
32．【C】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“While watching an elephant paint is an amazing sight, we can’t help but wonder whether the training methods and results reflect animal cruelty.”（虽然观看大象绘画是一个令人惊叹的景象，但我们不禁怀疑训练方法和结果是否反映了虐待动物的行为。）可知，本文介绍了“大象绘画”这一现象可能反映了虐待动物的行为，我们不应该强迫动物进行这种训练，而是应该让动物尽可能接近其正常生活，或让它们回归野外，“Should Elephants Paint?”意为“大象应该画画吗？”选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。